Articoli di riviste: "Zr-based alloys"

1

Dong, Quan, e Jun Tan. "Advances in Zr-Based Alloys". Crystals 14, n. 4 (7 aprile 2024): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14040351.

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Lee, Dong-Myoung, Ju-Hyun Sun, Dong-Han Kang, Seung-Yong Shin e Chi-Whan Lee. "Experimental investigation of Zr-rich Zr–Zr2Ni–(Zr,Ti)2Ni ternary eutectic system". Journal of Materials Research 24, n. 7 (luglio 2009): 2338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0268.

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As potential substitutes for traditional Ti(Zr)–Cu–Ni-based brazing metals for high strength Ti alloys as well as a study for metallic glass, Zr–Ti–Ni-based alloys have been attracting much attention recently. In this study, the melting temperatures and microstructures of the Zr(Ti)-rich Zr–Ti–Ni alloys with Ni content below 33.3 at.% were systematically studied. A ternary deep eutectic alloy consisting of three phases was found at the composition of Zr50Ti26Ni24 with a solidus temperature of 798 °C and a liquidus temperature of 809 °C, which are significantly lower than the Zr2Ni–(Zr,Ti)2Ni pseudobinary eutectic melting temperature of 850 °C. This ternary eutectic reaction can be presented as L → α-(Zr/Ti) solid solution + Zr2Ni + ternary Laves (Zr,Ti)2Ni.

3

Yoshihara, Michiko. "Influence of Zr Addition on Oxidation Behavior of TiAl-Based Alloys". Materials Science Forum 696 (settembre 2011): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.696.360.

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The alloys based on γ-TiAl have attractive properties as light weight heat-resisting material. The poor oxidation resistance is one of the drawbacks to limit their application. This results from the high growth rate of TiO2 in the scale and the spallation of the oxide scale during cooling. In the present study, the influence of Zr addition on the oxidation behavior of TiAl has been investigated with emphasis on scale adherence. The oxidation behavior of Ti-45Al (in mol %), Ti-45Al-6Nb alloys containing 0 - 0.2% Zr, Ti-Nb and Ti-Zr binary alloys were investigated. The oxide scale was analyzed by conventional methods including X-ray diffractometry, SEM and EPMA. The addition of Nb to TiAl results in a remarkable decrease in mass gain, while the Zr addition to TiAl results in a slight decrease. The Ti-45Al-Nb alloy with Zr shows scale spallation after long term exposure. Concerning the binary alloys, the addition of Zr to Ti more than 20 mol% accelerates the oxide growth significantly. The XRD for Ti-45Al-6Nb-0.2Zr after oxidation shows the formation of Zr oxides and Ti-Zr complex oxides in the scale. The scale spallation observed in this alloy is due to the enrichment of Zr at scale / alloy interface and formation of Zr oxide in the scale.

4

Okai, Daisuke, Kentaro Mori, Gaku Motoyama, Hisamichi Kimura e Hidemi Kato. "Amorphousization and Superconducting Property for Zr-Nb Based Alloy". Materials Science Forum 783-786 (maggio 2014): 2503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.2503.

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The amorphousization of Zr65Nb35 alloy was performed. The Zr-Nb based alloys contained Al and Co elements were fabricated by arc-melting and melt-spinning methods. The superconducting property of the Zr(65-x)Nb35-xAlx (x = 0~15 at%) and Zr(65-x)Nb20Al15Cox alloys (x = 3~10 at%) was investigated by magnetic susceptibility measurements. The Zr(65-x)Nb20Al15Cox metallic glasses (x = 6~10 at%) with superconducting nanocrystalline particles dispersed in an amorphous matrix exhibited a superconductivity below about 3.5 K. The addition of Co element led drastically to the amorphousization of the superconducting Zr65Nb20Al15 alloy.

5

Nagy, E., Dóra Janovszky, Mária Svéda, Kinga Tomolya, L. K. Varga, Jenő Sólyom e András Roósz. "Investigation of Crystallization in an Amorphous Cu-Based Alloy by X-Ray". Materials Science Forum 589 (giugno 2008): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.589.131.

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Recently one of the most significant research-field in the development of amorphous alloys is the research of the Cu-based amorphous alloys. The Zr-based alloys developed earlier can be replaced by the newly developed Cu-based alloys as the high price of the Zr-based alloys limits their utilization in spite of their favourable properties. Production of Cu-based alloys having the same or more favourite properties than Zr-based alloys is cheaper and this fact can promote their increasing utilization. Cu-Zr-Ti and Cu-Hf-Ti alloy systems – they are Cu-based alloys – have excellent mechanical properties. In this paper investigations of crystallization of amorphous Cu44,25Zr36Ag14,75Ti5 powder produced by ball milling (these processes have not been investigated yet according to the reference data) are described. In the course of investigation of the crystallization process, samples were heated to a temperature of investigation by means of a DSC equipment and the developed state was frozen by chilling. The investigation of the developed structure and to identify the phases formed during heat treatment, X-ray diffraction method was used.

6

Han, Yu, Bao An Chen, Zhi Xiang Zhu, Dong Yu Liu e Yan Qiu Xia. "Effects of Zr on Microstructure and Conductivity of Er Containing Heat-Resistant Aluminum Alloy Used for Wires". Materials Science Forum 852 (aprile 2016): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.205.

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It has particular heat-resistant property and conductivity of high-conductivity heat-resistant Aluminium alloys, which would be wildly applied in transmission and transformation flied. Al-Er-Zr alloys containing different content of Zr were prepared. The effect of Zr on microstructure of heat-resistance Aluminum alloy were studied by using of STEM, and thermodynamic behavior of Zr in Aluminium alloy was analyzed based on the theory of alloy phase formation. The results showed that the effect of Zr content on the grain size of heat-resistant aluminum alloy was remarkable, and the conductivity of heat-resistance Aluminum alloy was influenced.

7

Matsumoto, N., Yasuyuki Kaneno e Takayuki Takasugi. "Strengthening and Ductilization of D0₃-Type Fe₃Al Intermetallic Alloys by Dispersion of Laves Phases Fe₂Zr and Fe₂Nb". Materials Science Forum 561-565 (ottobre 2007): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.395.

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Zr and/or Nb added Fe3Al based intermetallic alloys (i.e., Fe3Al-Zr, Fe3Al-Nb and Fe3Al-Zr-Nb) were arc-melted, homogenized, hot-rolled and then annealed to evaluate microstructure and tensile property at room temperature as well as at a high temperature (873K). After annealing, the rolled alloys exhibited a recrystallized microstructure containing coarse second phase particles, except for the Nb-added alloy with a minor content of Nb. Relatively high tensile elongation as well as high tensile strength was observed at room temperature in the Zr-added alloys with a minor amount of Zr. Also, these alloys showed relatively high tensile strength and elongation at high temperature (873K). The results suggest that tensile ductility as well as strength of Fe3Al-based alloys can be improved by introduction of the second phase dispersions.

8

Yang, Kun, Yanghe Wang, Jingjing Tang, Zixuan Wang, Dechuang Zhang, Yilong Dai e Jianguo Lin. "Phase Field Study on the Spinodal Decomposition of β Phase in Zr–Nb-Ti Alloys". Materials 16, n. 8 (8 aprile 2023): 2969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16082969.

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In this study, a phase field method based on the Cahn–Hilliard equation was used to simulate the spinodal decomposition in Zr-Nb-Ti alloys, and the effects of Ti concentration and aging temperature (800–925 K) on the spinodal structure of the alloys for 1000 min were investigated. It was found that the spinodal decomposition occurred in the Zr-40Nb-20Ti, Zr-40Nb-25Ti and Zr-33Nb-29Ti alloys aged at 900 K with the formation of the Ti-rich phases and Ti-poor phases. The spinodal phases in the Zr-40Nb-20Ti, Zr-40Nb-25Ti and Zr-33Nb-29Ti alloys aged at 900 K were in an interconnected non-oriented maze-like shape, a discrete droplet-like shape and a clustering sheet-like shape in the early aging period, respectively. With the increase in Ti concentration of the Zr-Nb-Ti alloys, the wavelength of the concentration modulation increased but amplitude decreased. The aging temperature had an important influence on the spinodal decomposition of the Zr-Nb-Ti alloy system. For the Zr-40Nb-25Ti alloy, with the increase in the aging temperature, the shape of the rich Zr phase changed from an interconnected non-oriented maze-like shape to a discrete droplet-like shape, and the wavelength of the concentration modulate increased quickly to a stable value, but the amplitude decreased in the alloy. As the aging temperature increased to 925 K, the spinodal decomposition did not occur in the Zr-40Nb-25Ti alloy.

9

Cao, Peng Jun, Ji Ling Dong e Hai Dong Wu. "Research on Cu-Based Bulk Glassy Alloys and its Mechanical Properties". Applied Mechanics and Materials 329 (giugno 2013): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.329.127.

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High-strength Cu-based bulk glassy alloys with a large supercooled liquid region in Cu-Zr-Ti-Ni systems were prepared by means of copper mold casting. The Cu-based bulk glassy alloys samples were tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Instron testing machine. The result indicates, the maximum diameter was 5.0 mm for the Cu55Zr25Ti15Ni5 bulk glassy alloy. The temperature interval of supercooled liquid region (ΔTx) is as large as 45.48-70.98 K for the Cu-Zr-Ti-Ni alloy. The Cu-based glassy alloys rods exhibited the very high mechanical properties and the distinct plastic strains. The compressive fracture strength is 2155 MPa, 2026 MPa and 1904 MPa respectively for Cu50Zr25Ti15Ni10, Cu55Zr25Ti15Ni5 and Cu54Zr22Ti18Ni6 bulk glassy alloys. The Vickers hardness is respectively 674, 678 and 685 for the Cu50Zr25Ti15Ni10, Cu55Zr25Ti15Ni5 and Cu54Zr22Ti18Ni6 bulk glassy alloys. The addition Co element to Cu-Zr-Ti-Ni alloy expand the ΔTx, the ΔTx is 74.5 K for Cu50Zr22Ti18Ni6Co4 bulk glassy alloys.

10

DEY, G. K., R. T. SAVALIA, S. NEOGY, R. TEWARI, D. SRIVASTAVA e S. BANERJEE. "FORMATION OF NANOCRYSTALS IN ZIRCONIUM-BASED ALLOYS". International Journal of Nanoscience 04, n. 05n06 (ottobre 2005): 901–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x05003863.

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The formation of nanocrystals in Zr -based alloys through three different routes, viz by rapid solidification of alloys, by crystallization of rapidly solidified metallic glasses and by crystallization of bulk metallic glasses has been described. The nanocrystal forming behaviors of rapidly solidified metallic glasses and bulk metallic glasses have been compared and contrasted. The rapidly solidified alloys, which have been examined for this purpose, are Zr 76 Fe 24-x Ni x (x = 0,4,8,12,16,24) and Zr 69.5 Cu 12 Ni 11 Al 7.5. In the Zr 69.5 Cu 12 Ni 11 Al 7.5 alloy, formation of a quasicrystalline phase was observed on crystallization. Bulk glass having the composition Zr 52 Ti 6 Al 10 Cu 18 Ni 14 has been produced by copper mould casting. This has been crystallized in order to obtain nanocrystalline phases having Zr 2 Ni and Zr 2 Cu structures. The nanocrystalline and the nanoquasicrystalline microstructures have been examined in considerable detail in order to find out the nature of the various types of interfaces in them. Particularly the nanograin boundaries were examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HREM) and their structure has been compared with that of the grain boundary in large grained material. The change in nature of these interfaces and their number with coarsening of the nanocrystal is also investigated.

11

Song, Xueyan, Yun Chen, Cesar Sequeira, Yongquan Lei, Qidong Wang e Ze Zhang. "Microstructural evolution of body-centered cubic structure related Ti–Zr–Ni phases in non-stoichiometric Zr-based Zr–Ti–Mn–V–Ni hydride electrode alloys". Journal of Materials Research 18, n. 1 (gennaio 2003): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0006.

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Non-stoichiometric Zr-based alloys were prepared, and the corresponding electrochemical properties were characterized as hydride electrode alloys. The microstructure and chemical composition of non-stoichiometric Zr–Ti–Mn–V–Ni hydride electrode alloys were systematically investigated by x-ray Rietveld refinement, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy under TEM observation. C14, C15 Laves phases and non-Laves phases were identified in Zr1−xTix(MnVNi)2.2 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) alloys. Non-Laves phases in Zr1-xTix(MnVNi)2.2 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) alloys are Ti–Zr–Ni phases related to the TiNi phase with pseudo-body-centered-cubic structure of the CsCl type. The evolution of crystallography and phase constitution for Ti–Zr–Ni non-Laves phases with different alloy composition was systematically studied. The influence of the Ti–Zr–Ni phases on the electrochemical properties of non-stoichiometric Zr1−xTix(MnVNi)2.2 alloys is briefly discussed.

12

Wang, Shuo, Yuhong Zhao, Huijun Guo, Feifei Lan e Hua Hou. "Mechanical and Thermal Conductivity Properties of Enhanced Phases in Mg-Zn-Zr System from First Principles". Materials 11, n. 10 (17 ottobre 2018): 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11102010.

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In this paper, the mechanical properties and minimum thermal conductivity of ZnZr, Zn2Zr, Zn2Zr3, and MgZn2 are calculated from first principles. The results show that the considered Zn-Zr intermetallic compounds are effective strengthening phases compared to MgZn2 based on the calculated elastic constants and polycrystalline bulk modulus B, shear modulus G, and Young’s modulus E. Meanwhile, the strong Zn-Zr ionic bondings in ZnZr, Zn2Zr, and Zn2Zr3 alloys lead to the characteristics of a higher modulus but lower ductility than the MgZn2 alloy. The minimum thermal conductivity of ZnZr, Zn2Zr, Zn2Zr3, and MgZn2 is 0.48, 0.67, 0.68, and 0.49 W m−1 K−1, respectively, indicating that the thermal conductivity of the Mg-Zn-Zr alloy could be improved as the precipitation of Zn atoms from the α-Mg matrix to form the considered Zn-Zr binary alloys. Based on the analysis of the directional dependence of the minimum thermal conductivity, the minimum thermal conductivity in the direction of [110] can be identified as a crucial short limit for the considered Zn-Zr intermetallic compounds in Mg-Zn-Zr alloys.

13

Yin, Lixia, Shunxing Liang e Liyun Zheng. "Summary of major factors affecting mechanical properties of TiZr based alloys". World Journal of Engineering 12, n. 4 (1 agosto 2015): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.12.4.319.

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Effects of major factors, such as alloy composition, crystal structure and grain size, on mechanical properties of TiZr based alloys are investigated and summarized in this work. The microhardness of TC4 alloy obviously increases 15.3% and 17.6% after 30 wt.% and 47 wt.% Zr additions, respectively. Nanoindentation results show that the average nanoindentation hardness of α phase in annealed 30 Zr is approximately 18% higher than that of retained β phase. Tensile test results show that variation in strength of basketweave microstructural 30 Zr alloy with original β grain size from 100 to 203 μm is less than 2%.

14

Sýkorová, Martina, Dana Bolibruchová e Lukáš Širanec. "Vplyv Sr, Zr a Mo na vybrané vlastnosti AlSi5Cu2Mg zliatiny". Technológ 15, n. 2 (2023): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/tech.c.2023.2.8.

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Hypoeutectic AlSi5Cu2Mg alloy is a relatively new alloy that finds application in the production of high stress cylinder head castings. This work focuses on the investigation of the solubility of the additive elements Sr, Zr, and Mo in AlSi5Cu2Mg alloy. The main objective of the work was to characterize the influence of the additive elements on selected properties of the experimental alloy AlSi5Cu2Mg with respect to the melting method of the additive elements. The additive elements Sr, Zr, and Mo were introduced into the melt in the form of AlSr10, AlZr20, and AlMo10 master alloys were melted in 2 ways in an electric resistance furnace and an electric induction furnace. Depending on the melting method, the experimental alloys were designated Sr-Z, Zr-Z, Mo-Z (electric resistance furnace), and Sr-I, Zr-I, and Mo-I (electric induction furnace). The results showed that the presence of Sr, Zr, and Mo in the AlSi5Cu2Mg alloy led to a negative increase in the area fraction of porosity and a decrease in the physical properties, regardless of the melting method of the master alloys. Based on the summarized results, it was shown that the experimental alloys Sr-I, and Sr-Z did not show a significant increase in mechanical properties. A negative effect on the selected mechanical properties was noted by the experimental alloy Zr-Z. The most favourable combination of mechanical properties was obtained by the experimental alloys Mo-I and Zr-I.

15

Inoue, Akihisa, Bao Long Shen e Akira Takeuchi. "Syntheses and Applications of Fe-, Co-, Ni- and Cu-Based Bulk Glassy Alloys". Materials Science Forum 539-543 (marzo 2007): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.92.

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This paper reviews our recent results of the formation, fundamental properties, workability and applications of late transition metal (LTM) base bulk glassy alloys (BGAs) developed since 1995. The BGAs were obtained in Fe-(Al,Ga)-(P,C,B,Si), Fe-(Cr,Mo)-(C,B), Fe-(Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta)-B, Fe-Ln-B(Ln=lanthanide metal), Fe-B-Si-Nb and Fe-Nd-Al for Fe-based alloys, Co-(Ta,Mo)-B and Co-B-Si-Nb for Co-based alloys, Ni-Nb-(Ti,Zr)-(Co,Ni) for Ni-based alloys, and Cu-Ti-(Zr,Hf), Cu-Al-(Zr,Hf), Cu-Ti-(Zr,Hf)-(Ni,Co) and Cu-Al-(Zr,Hf)-(Ag,Pd) for Cu-based alloys. These BGAs exhibit useful properties of high mechanical strength, large elastic elongation and high corrosion resistance. In addition, Fe- and Co-based glassy alloys have good soft magnetic properties which cannot be obtained for amorphous and crystalline type magnetic alloys. The Feand Ni-based BGAs have already been used in some application fields. These LTM base BGAs are promising as new metallic engineering materials.

16

Miškuf, Jozef, Kornel Csach, Alena Juríková, Mária Huráková, Martin Miškuf e Elena D. Tabachnikova. "Conchoidal Fracture of Zr- and Mg-Based Amorphous Glass". Materials Science Forum 891 (marzo 2017): 504–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.891.504.

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In metallic glasses plastic deformation occurs via the creation and the propagation of a softened region in the shear bands. Some of the high strength metallic glasses (as Zr-based metallic alloys) exhibit complex shear band topography and the final failure respects the allocation of the shear bands. We studied the differences in the fracture surfaces of Zr-and Mg-based amorphous alloys. Ductile behaviour of the shear bands in Zr-based amorphous alloy tends to the dimple creation during the failure. On the fracture surfaces the vein pattern morphology manifestations were present. Conchoidal fracture was typical for Mg-based amorphous glass. Two different surface morphologies, plumes and rib marks ornament the fracture surfaces.

17

Wang, Jin San. "Thermodynamic Study of Equilibrium Phase in Quasicrystalline Strengthened Magnesium Alloys". Materials Science Forum 993 (maggio 2020): 1043–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.1043.

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In order to optimize the composition and microstructure of quasicrystalline strengthened Mg-based alloy, the equilibrium phases of Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloys with three components were studied by using thermodynamic calculation. The calculated results showed that the equilibrium phases of the three alloys were mainly Liquid phase, α-Mg matrix phase, α-Zr dispersed phase, quasicrystalline strengthening I phase, W phase and Z phase. It was observed that the specific content and temperature range of these phases were different. Among them, alloy 3 had the highest quasicrystalline content. And alloys 1 and 2 contained dispersed phase α-Zr which can lead to grain refinement.

18

Kedrovsky, S. N., Yu N. Koval’ e V. N. Slepchenko. "Zr—Nb-Based Alloys – Promising Functional Materials". METALLOFIZIKA I NOVEISHIE TEKHNOLOGII 36, n. 12 (8 settembre 2016): 1651–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mfint.36.12.1651.

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Buioli, C. P., A. D. Banchik e P. Vizcaíno. "Crystalline texture in Zr-based alloys tubes". Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 67, a1 (22 agosto 2011): C83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767311097984.

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Yamagata, Hiroshi, Akihisa Inoue e Tsuyoshi Masumoto. "Functionally graded AlZr-based amorphous alloys". Materials Science and Engineering: A 181-182 (maggio 1994): 1300–1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(94)90851-6.

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Jeong, Gu Beom, Jae Sook Song e Sun Ig Hong. "Microstructure and Deformability of Cast Zr-Nb-Fe-O Alloy with High Iron and Oxygen Content". Advanced Materials Research 977 (giugno 2014): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.977.99.

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In order to investigate the possible effect of the scrap inclusions in recycling, microstructure and deformability of Zr-Nb based alloys cast with the addition of iron and iron oxide were studied. No visible iron oxide inclusions were observed in the arc-melted cake, suggesting that Zr and Fe2O3reacted completely to dissociate Fe2O3into Fe and O in the Zr. No oxide peaks were observed by XRD analyses. In Zr-Nb alloy melted with iron oxide, the oxygen content reached up to 3150 ppm. Zr-1.2 Nb alloys with high oxygen contents exhibited needle-shaped α phase. and the the thickness of needles decreased. In Zr-1.2Nb alloys with over 2000 ppm they are brittle and cracked during rolling process. In some region of the fracture surface brittle fracture feature such as vein-like pattern was observed. In the fractograph, no brittle second phase particles were observed. EDS spectra. It is apparent that Zr-Nb alloys with the addition of iron oxide during the handling of scrap materials exhibit the extremely brittle behavior.

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Kim, Minsuk, Seongbin An, Chaeeul Huh e Chungseok Kim. "Development of Zirconium-Based Alloys with Low Elastic Modulus for Dental Implant Materials". Applied Sciences 9, n. 24 (4 dicembre 2019): 5281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245281.

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The stress-shielding effect is a phenomenon in which the mutual coupling between bones and bio-materials of the human body is loosened due to the difference in elastic modulus, and bone absorption occurs due to the difference in density, which causes a shortening of the life of the material. The purpose of this study is to develop a zirconium-based alloy with low modulus and to prevent the stress-shielding effect. Zr–7Cu–xSn (x = 1, 5, 10, 15 mass%) alloys were prepared by an arc-melting process of pure zirconium, oxygen-free copper, and tin, respectively. The Zr–7Cu–xSn alloy has two phase α-Zr and Zr2Cu intermetallic compounds. Microstructure characterization was analyzed by microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Corrosion tests of zirconium-based alloys were conducted through polarization tests, and zirconium-based alloys had better corrosion characteristics than other metal bio-materials. In general, the elastic modulus value (14–25 GPa) of the zirconium-based alloy is very similar to the elastic modulus value (15–30 GPa) of the human bone. Consequently, the zirconium-based alloy is likely to be used as a bio-material that negates the effect of stress shielding on human bones.

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Li, Fangzhou, Zhentao Yuan, Xiao Wang, Hua Dai, Changyi Hu, Yan Wei, Hongzhong Cai et al. "Exploring the Impact of Zirconium Doping on the Mechanical and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Pt-40Rh Alloy through First-Principles Calculations". Crystals 13, n. 9 (11 settembre 2023): 1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13091366.

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Zirconium (Zr) element doping has proven to be an effective strategy for reinforcing the strength and toughness of Pt-Rh alloys. However, the incorporation of Zr into Pt-Rh alloy in solid solution form renders its microstructural observation challenging through experimental means, thus complicating the elucidation of its underlying mechanisms. Therefore, this study employs density functional theory-based first-principles calculations to investigate the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of Pt-40Rh-xZr (x = 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0) alloys. The results reveal that with an increasing Zr weight percentage, Young’s modulus, and hardness of Pt-40Rh-xZr alloys exhibit a trend of an initial decrease followed by a subsequent increase. Notably, at a Zr weight percentage of 1.0 wt.%, the alloy Pt-40Rh-1.0Zr demonstrates the highest Young’s modulus (329.119 GPa) and hardness (10.590 GPa). Concurrently, thermodynamic calculations indicate that as Zr content increases, the crystal thermal stability of Pt-40Rh-xZr alloys initially decreases before rising again. More specifically, the coefficient of thermal expansion for Pt-40Rh-1.0Zr is merely 89.518% of that observed in Pt-40Rh. These results imply that incorporating 1.0 wt.% Zr results in the most substantial enhancement in the comprehensive mechanical properties of the Pt-40Rh-xZr alloy. Consequently, this study offers theoretical insights that can guide the extended application of Pt-Rh alloys.

24

Mani Krishna, Karri V., Sudipto Mandal, Ankur Agrawal, Vijay Hiwarkar, Dinesh Srivastava, Indradev Samajdar e Gautam Kumar Dey. "Evolution of Grain Boundary Texture in Zirconium Alloys". Materials Science Forum 702-703 (dicembre 2011): 710–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.710.

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Grain boundary texture evolution in case of two of the Zr based alloys (Zircaloy-4 and Zr-2.5\%Nb) was studied. In case of Zircaloy-4, grain boundary texture evolution during $\beta$ $\to$ $\alpha$ phase transformation was monitored. Direct evidence of variant selection during this transformation is presented. In case of Zr-2.5\%Nb alloy, considerable increase in $\alpha/\beta$ interfaces following Burger's orientation relationship was noticed with increasing annealing time at 700 \textdegree{}C.

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Kim, Young-Min, e Byeong-Joo Lee. "A modified embedded-atom method interatomic potential for the Cu–Zr system". Journal of Materials Research 23, n. 4 (aprile 2008): 1095–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0130.

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A modified embedded-atom method (MEAM) interatomic potential for the Cu–Zr system has been developed based on the previously developed MEAM potentials for pure Cu and Zr. The potential describes fundamental physical properties and alloy behavior of the Cu–Zr binary system reasonably well. The applicability of the potential to atomistic investigations of mechanical and deformation behavior for the Cu–Zr binary and Cu–Zr-based multicomponent amorphous alloys is also demonstrated by showing that fully relaxed and realistic amorphous structures can be generated by molecular dynamics simulations.

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Isaenkova, Margarita, Olga Krymskaya, Kristina Klyukova, Anastasya Bogomolova, Ilya Kozlov, Pavel Dzhumaev, Vladimir Fesenko e Roman Svetogorov. "Regularities of Changes in the Structure of Different Phases of Deformed Zirconium Alloys as a Result of Raising the Annealing Temperature According to Texture Analysis Data". Metals 13, n. 10 (21 ottobre 2023): 1784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13101784.

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Based on the data of synchrotron and electron microscopic studies of deformed and annealed Russian zirconium alloys, the possibility of analyzing the structural-phase state and crystallographic texture of individual phases has been demonstrated. A qualitative and quantitative phase analysis of deformed and annealed tubes made of Zr-Nb-(Sn-Fe-O) alloys was carried out using diffraction patterns obtained with synchrotron radiation. The main α-Zr phase and the following additional phases: β-Nb, β-Zr, and the Laves phase (intermetallic compound Zr(Nb,Fe)2), were found in the alloys. According to the results of texture analysis of all phases present in the alloy, the mechanisms of plastic deformation, recrystallization, and phase transformations of the main and additional phases were established. It is shown that during plastic deformation of the Zr-1%Nb alloy, a dynamic phase transformation β-Nb→α-Zr→β-Zr is observed. It is established that during recrystallization, larger grains of α-Zr are misoriented relative to the deformed matrix by rotating the prismatic axes around the basal axes by 30°, while fine grains are improved by polygonization and maintain the orientation of the deformed matrix. Processes for changing the orientation of grains of additional phases as a result of high-temperature annealing are also considered.

27

Katayama, I., S. Tanigawa, D. Zivkovic, Y. Hattori e H. Yamashita. "Newly developed EMF cell with zirconia solid electrolyte for measurement of low oxygen potentials in liquid Cu-Cr and Cu-Zr alloys". Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 48, n. 3 (2012): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb120827042k.

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In order to measure the very low oxygen potential by use of stabilized zirconia solid electrolyte emf method, a new cell construction was devised. The idea was based on Janke but a zirconia rod was used instead of the zirconia crucible which contacts liquid alloy electrode. The cell was used for determination of the oxygen potentials in liquid dilute Cu-Cr and Cu-Zr alloys. The reference electrode was Cr,Cr2O3. Emf measurements were performed in the temperature range of 1400-1580K and composition range of 0.198-3.10at%Cr-Cu alloys, and 1380-1465K, 0.085-0.761at%Zr-Cu alloys. The composition of liquid alloys were determined by picking up from the liquid alloys and ICP analysis. By use of the newly devised cell construction in this study, stable emf values were obtained at each temperature and alloy composition. Emf values were corrected by using the parameter for electronic contribution of the YSZ. Activity of Cr obeys Henry?s law and activity coefficient at infinitely dilute alloys of Cr in Cu-Cr alloys are: lng0 Cr =(3.80 at 1423K), (3.57 at 1473K), (3.38 at 1523K) and (3.20 at 1573K). At 1423 K activity coefficient of Zr at infinitely diluted alloy is ln?o Zr = -4.0.

28

Zhang, Qing Sheng, Wei Zhang, Dmitri V. Louzguine-Luzgin e Akihisa Inoue. "High Glass-Forming Ability and Unusual Deformation Behavior of New Zr-Cu-Fe-Al Bulk Metallic Glasses". Materials Science Forum 654-656 (giugno 2010): 1042–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1042.

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A new series of bulk metallic glasses were developed by addition of Fe into the ternary Zr60Cu30Al10 alloy. Although Fe-Cu element pair shows distinct immiscibility with a large positive heat of mixing, substitution of Fe for Cu significantly improves the glass-forming ability of the ternary Zr60Cu30Al10 alloy. The critical diameter for glass-formation increases from 8 mm for Zr60Cu30Al10 alloy to 20 mm for Zr60Cu25Fe5Al10 and Zr62.5Cu22.5Fe5Al10 alloys. As compared with the ternary Zr60Cu30Al10 alloy, the new quaternary Zr-Cu-Fe-Al alloys show lower liquidus temperatures. The Zr60Cu25Fe5Al10 and Zr62.5Cu22.5Fe5Al10 alloys, the best BMG-formers in this alloy system, are found to locate very near a Zr-Cu-Fe-Al eutectic point. The new Zr-Fe-Cu-Al bulk metallic glasses exhibit high strength of about 1700 MPa. The plastic strain increases from 7.8% to 11.3% with increasing the content of Fe from 0 to 12.5%. The finding of a Ni-free Zr-based bulk glassy alloy with the extremely high glass-forming ability is expected to extend the future application of bulk metallic glasses.

29

Wang, Jing Song, Li Jun Cao, Jing Hua Wang, Hao Yan Sun, Shu You Huang e Qing Guo Xue. "Discussion on Relationship between Viscosities of Molten Zr-Cu Based Alloys and their Glass Forming Ability". Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (febbraio 2011): 1242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.1242.

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The dynamic viscosities of molten Zr55Ni5Al10Cu30 and Zr50Cu50 alloys were measured by using rotating cylinder method under non-vacuum condition. According to the lnη~1/T curves, discontinuous changes were found and the activation energy was calculated. The activation energy of molten Zr55Ni5Al10Cu30 alloy is obviously larger than that of molten Zr50Cu50 alloy. Amorphous sample of Zr55Ni5Al10Cu30 with 3mm diameter was prepared successfully under non-vacuum condition, but there are crystallization phases in Zr50Cu50 amorphous sample with 2mm diameter. The relationship between viscosities of molten Zr-Cu based alloys and their glass forming ability (GFA) was discussed, and viscosities of molten Zr-Cu based alloys play an important role on their GFA.

30

Yu, Zhen Tao, Lian Zhou, Lijuan Luo, Maohong Fan e Yanyan Fu. "Investigation on Mechanical Compatibility Matching for Biomedical Titanium Alloys". Key Engineering Materials 288-289 (giugno 2005): 595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.288-289.595.

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The effects of alloying elements such as Mo, Sn, Zr, Nb, deforming-rate, solid solution and aging treatment on mechanical property and microstructure of near βtype biomedical Ti alloys based on Ti-Nb-Zr system were studied. The Influential factors and their solution were discussed to keep matching of strength, elastic modulus, plasticity and toughness. Ti-Zr-Mo-Nb and Ti-Zr-Sn-Mo-Nb alloy systems possess excellent biocompatibility, lower elastic modulus, higher strength, finer plasticity and fracture toughness matching by means of solid solution and ageing treatment which are much more suitable for surgical implant and orthopedic materials.

31

Dormidontov, Andrey G., Natalia B. Kolchugina, Nikolay A. Dormidontov e Yury V. Milov. "Structure of Alloys for (Sm,Zr)(Co,Cu,Fe)Z Permanent Magnets: First Level of Heterogeneity". Materials 13, n. 17 (3 settembre 2020): 3893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173893.

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An original vision for the structural formation of (Sm,Zr)(Co,Cu,Fe)Z alloys, the compositions of which show promise for manufacturing high-coercivity permanent magnets, is reported. Foundations arising from the quantitative analysis of alloy microstructures as the first, coarse, level of heterogeneity are considered. The structure of the alloys, in optical resolutions, is shown to be characterized by three structural phase components, which are denoted as A, B, and C and based on the 1:5, 2:17, and 2:7 phases, respectively. As the chemical composition of alloys changes monotonically, the quantitative relationships of the components A, B, and C vary over wide ranges. In this case, the hysteretic properties of the (Sm,Zr)(Co,Cu,Fe)Z alloys in the high-coercivity state are strictly controlled by the volume fractions of the A and B structural components. Based on quantitative relationships of the A, B, and C structural components for the (R,Zr)(Co,Cu,Fe)Z alloys with R = Gd or Sm, sketches of quasi-ternary sections of the (Co,Cu,Fe)-R-Zr phase diagrams at temperatures of 1160–1190 °C and isopleths for the 2:17–2:7 phase composition range of the (Co,Cu,Fe)–Sm–Zr system were constructed.

32

Wang, Jing Song, Shu You Huang, Li Jun Cao, Hao Yan Sun, Jing Hua Wang e Qing Guo Xue. "Study on Viscosity of Zr-Cu Alloys Based on Viscosity Measurement and Hirai Model". Materials Science Forum 704-705 (dicembre 2011): 1100–1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.1100.

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In this paper, the viscosity of molten Zr50Cu50 alloy was measured by using NaF-CaF2 covering slag protection combining rotating cylinder method firstly under non-vacuum melting condition. The curve of viscosity and temperature was acquired stably in the temperature range from 1370K to the liquidus temperature (1208K). According the Arrhenius equation form, the viscosity-temperature relation of molten Zr50Cu50 alloy can be fit as the following equation: （1208K50 alloy can be calculated by the above equation in the range of 1370 to 1208K. The viscosity values of molten Zr50Cu50 alloy calculated by Hirai model are relatively small, so the corrected Hirai model was obtained by the measured viscosity data. The viscosities of molten Zr-Cu alloys can be expressed by the following corrected Hirai model: The viscosities of typical molten Zr-Cu alloys were calculated by the above corrected model. The results showed that the viscosities of Zr-Cu alloys are larger at the respective liquidus temperature. The fundamental data were provided for researching the relationship between viscosities of molten Zr-Cu alloys and amorphous form ability.

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Samuel, Ehab, Ahmed M. Nabawy, Agnes M. Samuel, Herbert W. Doty, Victor Songmene e Fawzy H. Samuel. "Effect of Zr and Ti Addition and Aging Treatment on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Al-2%Cu-Based Alloys". Materials 15, n. 13 (27 giugno 2022): 4511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15134511.

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The present work investigated the effect of aging treatment on the microstructure and tensile properties of an Al-2%Cu base alloy containing various additions of Zr and other alloying elements. Aging was carried out at temperatures of 180–300 °C for different aging times at each temperature. The tensile properties indicated that Zr additions improved the strength of the base alloy, especially at high Zr levels at 180 °C. At the 220 °C aging temperature, however, while Zr addition did not have a beneficial effect on the alloy strength, the ductility was found to improve. Zr-Ti combined additions had a significant effect on the microstructure of the base alloy, as the morphology of the α-Al grains transformed into a non-dendritic morphology, and the grain size decreased sharply. These effects were at their maximum at 180 °C and 0.5 wt% Zr addition. Moreover, the Zr-containing alloys aged at higher temperatures, such as 220 °C and 240 °C, maintained a noticeably higher level of strength over the base alloy aged at the same temperatures. Quality index charts based on the tensile test data also reflected an improvement in alloy quality and strength with Zr-Ti combined additions.

34

Amenova, Aliya, e Dauletkhan Smagulov. "Optimization of the Compositions of the High Strength Casting Aluminium Alloys Based on Nickel Eutectic". Advanced Materials Research 911 (marzo 2014): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.911.152.

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The phase composition of the AlNiMnFeSiZr system was analyzed with respect to new-generation heat resistant casting aluminum alloys based on a Ni-containing eutectic, which are strengthened by the Al3Zr (L12) nanoparticles. It is shown that the presence of iron and silicon considerably complicates the phase analysis compared with the AlNiMnFe base alloy. Alloys with low silicon content have a sufficiently good casting property, which enables fabrication of thin-walled castings, not inferior to AA356 alloy types widely used to cast complex shapes. Addition of silicon to the AlNiMnFe base alloy sharply deteriorates hot cracks. Silicon greatly decreases the solubility of Zr at (Al), which is reflected on hot brittleness of Al2%Ni1%Mn0,5%Fe-0,2%Zr system alloys.

35

Yamamoto, Tokujiro, Yokoyama Yoshihiko e Akihisa Inoue. "Precipitation in Zr-Based Ternary Alloys during Quenching". Materials Science Forum 706-709 (gennaio 2012): 1348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.1348.

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The crystal structure of the phase precipitated in a Zr-Cu-Al ternary alloy during quenching was investigated. The crystal structure is constructed by stacking several atomic layers periodically and is similar to that of the Laves phases. The reason why a Zr-Cu-Al alloy tends to crystallize into Laves-like periodic stacking order structure is discussed.

36

Belozerova, A., S. Belozerov e V. Shamardin. "MULTIDIMENSIONAL DATA ANALYSIS BASED ON THE RESULTS OF NUCLEAR TRANSMUTATION CALCULATIONS IN ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS". PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. SERIES: NUCLEAR AND REACTOR CONSTANTS 2020, n. 1 (26 marzo 2020): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.55176/2414-1038-2020-1-25-36.

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The effects of nuclear transmutation in zirconium alloys are considered. The calculated scheme of transmutation of elements in alloys of the system [Zr + x% Nb + y% Mo] is determined. Numerical estimates of the molybdenum content in zirconium alloys of various compositions were carried out during irradiation in research (SM-3, BOR-60) and power (VVER-1000, PWR) reactors. The dynamics of the accumulation of molybdenum during irradiation in the SM reactor and the subsequent exposure of the samples for one year in standard zirconium alloys Zr + 1% Nb, Zr + 2.5% Nb and for the proposed initial compositions Zr + 1% Nb + 0.5% Mo were estimated Zr + 2.5% Nb + 0.5% Mo. Reactor irradiation leads to a significant accumulation of molybdenum in the Zr + 2.5% Nb alloy as a result of nuclear reactions: the molybdenum concentration increases to about 0.7 % with an increase in neutron fluence (E> 0.1 MeV) to 1×1023 cm-2 at irradiation in a research reactor SM. The dynamics of the effects of nuclear transmutation of zirconium upon irradiation in the active zone of research (SM-3, BOR-60) and power (VVER-1000, PWR) reactors is estimated. The Zr element transmutes no more than 10 % in 100 years of exposure. The accumulation of molybdenum over the same time can be up to 104 ppm (appm). The results of the intellectual analysis of the calculations performed with multidimensional analysis based on OLAP of the multidimensional data space of the database provide knowledge in the form of classifications and confirm the need to develop zirconium alloys with additional doping with molybdenum, which can provide optimal physicomechanical properties, in particular, radiation growth characteristics, as well as acceptable level of nuclear-physical and corrosive properties.

37

Yi, S., T. G. Park e D. H. Kim. "Ni-based bulk amorphous alloys in the Ni–Ti–Zr–(Si, Sn) system". Journal of Materials Research 15, n. 11 (novembre 2000): 2425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0348.

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New Ni-based bulk amorphous alloys in the alloy system Ni–Ti–Zr–(Si,Sn) were developed through systematic alloy design based upon the empirical rules for high glass forming alloys. Small additions of Si and/or Sn significantly improved the glass forming ability (GFA) of the alloys Ni57Ti23−xZr20 (Si,Sn)x leading to a Ni-based bulk amorphous alloy. The amorphous ribbons of the alloys Ni57Ti23−xZr20 (Si,Sn)x exhibited very high glass transition temperatures (Tg > 823 K), crystallization temperatures (Tx > 883 K), and large undercooled liquid regions (δTx > 50 K) implying the high GFA of the alloys. Fully amorphous rods with the diameter of up to 2 mm can be fabricated by a copper mold casting method. Development of the new Ni-based bulk amorphous alloys having high Tg,Tx, and δTx expands the practical applications of amorphous alloys as structural materials.

38

Cao, Shuai, Guangyin Liu, Jiankang Huang, Xiaoquan Yu, Yiming Luo e Ding Fan. "Molecular Dynamics Study of Crystallization Behavior in the Solid State of Zr-Cu Amorphous Alloys". Metals 13, n. 9 (8 settembre 2023): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13091571.

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Amorphous alloys show interesting mechanical properties as well as unique physical and chemical properties due to their atomic stacking structure. However, when partial crystallization occurs in amorphous alloys, it can impact the properties of the original amorphous alloy. To study the crystallization phenomenon in the Zr-based amorphous alloy, a three-dimensional Zr-based amorphous alloy atomic-stacking model was established by molecular dynamics simulations, and the atomic structure evolution of the Zr-Cu amorphous system after partial crystallization was analyzed by the radial distribution function g(r), HA bond index and Voronoi polyhedron. The results showed that adding more copper (Cu) atoms to the Zr-Cu amorphous system greatly improves its stability at high temperatures. The atomic diffusion was analyzed by root-mean-square displacement of atoms (MSD); as the temperature rose, the MSD of atoms also increased, suggesting that the crystallization of the amorphous material occurs due to the short-range diffusion of atoms. The analysis of the mechanism of the high-temperature action time on the Zr80Cu20 amorphous alloy showed that the crystallization phase precipitation rate of the amorphous alloy gradually increases with time, but it does not change linearly.

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Istrate, Bogdan, Corneliu Munteanu, Romeu Chelariu, Dumitru Mihai, Ramona Cimpoesu e Florin Sandu Ville Tudose. "Electrochemical Evaluation of Some Mg-Ca-Mn-Zr Biodegradable Alloys". Revista de Chimie 70, n. 9 (15 ottobre 2019): 3435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.9.7565.

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Biodegradable magnesium alloys represent a class of materials with high properties that are used in a wide range of fields, such as medicine, aeronautics and automotive. Alloying the Mg-based alloys with small percentages of elements such as Ca, Mn and Zr can conduct to the obtaining of some materials that can be the basis for the development of orthopedic implants. Calcium contributes to the formation of the Mg2Ca lamellar compound, low concentrations of zirconium helps the microstructure refinement and corrosion resistance and the alloying with manganese leads to the increase of the mechanical characteristics.In this paper, the electrochemical behaviour of four biodegradable alloys from the Mg-Ca-Mn-Zr system was evaluated, with variable concentrations (0.5% -1%) of Mn, respectively Zr. Alloying the system with 1% of each element (Ca, Mn, Zr) led to the obtaining of the alloy with the highest corrosion resistance and the lowest degradation rate.

40

Shin, Seung Y., J. H. Kim, D. M. Lee, Jong K. Lee, H. J. Kim, Ha Guk Jeong e Jung Chan Bae. "New Cu-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses with High Strength of 2000 MPa". Materials Science Forum 449-452 (marzo 2004): 945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.945.

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New Cu-based bulk amorphous alloys exhibiting a large supercooled liquid region and good mechanical properties were formed in a quaternary Cu-Ni-Zr-Ti systems consisting of only metallic elements. The compositional range for the formation of the amorphous alloys that have high glass forming ability (GFA) (> 3 mm diameter) and large supercooled liquid region (> 50 K) is defined in the pseudo-ternary phase diagram Cu-Ni-(Zr, Ti). A bulk amorphous Cu54Ni6Zr22Ti18alloy with the diameter of 6 mm can be prepared by copper mold casting. The Cu54Ni6Zr22Ti18alloy shows glass transition temperature (Tg) of 712 K, crystallization temperature (Tx) of 769 K and supercooled liquid region (ΔTx) of 57 K. The Cu54Ni6Zr22Ti18alloy exhibits high compressive fracture strength of about 2130 MPa with a plastic strain of about 1.5 %. The new Cu-based bulk amorphous alloy with high GFA and good mechanical properties allows us to expect the extension of application fields as a new engineering material.

41

Spassov, T., e Uwe Köster. "Grain Growth Kinetics in Nanocrystalline ZR-Based Alloys". Key Engineering Materials 81-83 (gennaio 1993): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.81-83.249.

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Cieslar, Miroslav, e Miroslav Karlík. "Carbide formation in Zr-containing Fe3Al-based alloys". Materials Science and Engineering: A 462, n. 1-2 (luglio 2007): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.01.173.

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43

Rapp, Ö. "Coulomb pseudopotential in some disordered Zr-based alloys". Physical Review B 34, n. 4 (15 agosto 1986): 2878–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.34.2878.

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Kasyap, Supriya, Sonal R. Prajapati e Arun Pratap. "Glass Forming Ability of Zr-Based Amorphous Alloys". Advanced Science Letters 22, n. 11 (1 novembre 2016): 3901–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2016.8079.

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Saida, J., M. Matsushita e A. Inoue. "Nano icosahedral quasicrystals in Zr-based glassy alloys". Intermetallics 10, n. 11-12 (novembre 2002): 1089–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-9795(02)00142-5.

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Zander, Daniela, e Uwe Köster. "Corrosion of amorphous and nanocrystalline Zr-based alloys". Materials Science and Engineering: A 375-377 (luglio 2004): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2003.10.230.

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47

Neogy, S., R. T. Savalia, R. Tewari, D. Srivastava e G. K. Dey. "Glass formation and nanocrystallization in Zr based alloys". Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 62, n. 4-5 (ottobre 2009): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12666-009-0069-y.

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48

Landa, Alex, Per Söderlind, Patrice E. A. Turchi, L. Vitos e A. Ruban. "Density-functional study of Zr-based actinide alloys". Journal of Nuclear Materials 385, n. 1 (marzo 2009): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.09.029.

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Louzguine-Luzgin, Dmitri V., Alain Reza Yavari, Guoqiang Xie, Shantanu Madge, Song Li, Junji Saida, Alain Lindsay Greer e Akihisa Inoue. "Tensile deformation behaviour of Zr-based glassy alloys". Philosophical Magazine Letters 90, n. 2 (febbraio 2010): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500830903485544.

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Aboki, Tiburce A. M., e Patrick Ochin. "Microstructure of some quenched Zr–Cu-based alloys". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 353, n. 32-40 (ottobre 2007): 3661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.05.177.

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