Bibliografie tematiche / Zr-based alloys

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Zr-based alloys"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 8 giugno 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Zr-based alloys":

Dong, Quan, e Jun Tan. "Advances in Zr-Based Alloys". Crystals 14, n. 4 (7 aprile 2024): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14040351.

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Lee, Dong-Myoung, Ju-Hyun Sun, Dong-Han Kang, Seung-Yong Shin e Chi-Whan Lee. "Experimental investigation of Zr-rich Zr–Zr2Ni–(Zr,Ti)2Ni ternary eutectic system". Journal of Materials Research 24, n. 7 (luglio 2009): 2338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0268.

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As potential substitutes for traditional Ti(Zr)–Cu–Ni-based brazing metals for high strength Ti alloys as well as a study for metallic glass, Zr–Ti–Ni-based alloys have been attracting much attention recently. In this study, the melting temperatures and microstructures of the Zr(Ti)-rich Zr–Ti–Ni alloys with Ni content below 33.3 at.% were systematically studied. A ternary deep eutectic alloy consisting of three phases was found at the composition of Zr50Ti26Ni24 with a solidus temperature of 798 °C and a liquidus temperature of 809 °C, which are significantly lower than the Zr2Ni–(Zr,Ti)2Ni pseudobinary eutectic melting temperature of 850 °C. This ternary eutectic reaction can be presented as L → α-(Zr/Ti) solid solution + Zr2Ni + ternary Laves (Zr,Ti)2Ni.

Yoshihara, Michiko. "Influence of Zr Addition on Oxidation Behavior of TiAl-Based Alloys". Materials Science Forum 696 (settembre 2011): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.696.360.

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The alloys based on γ-TiAl have attractive properties as light weight heat-resisting material. The poor oxidation resistance is one of the drawbacks to limit their application. This results from the high growth rate of TiO2 in the scale and the spallation of the oxide scale during cooling. In the present study, the influence of Zr addition on the oxidation behavior of TiAl has been investigated with emphasis on scale adherence. The oxidation behavior of Ti-45Al (in mol %), Ti-45Al-6Nb alloys containing 0 - 0.2% Zr, Ti-Nb and Ti-Zr binary alloys were investigated. The oxide scale was analyzed by conventional methods including X-ray diffractometry, SEM and EPMA. The addition of Nb to TiAl results in a remarkable decrease in mass gain, while the Zr addition to TiAl results in a slight decrease. The Ti-45Al-Nb alloy with Zr shows scale spallation after long term exposure. Concerning the binary alloys, the addition of Zr to Ti more than 20 mol% accelerates the oxide growth significantly. The XRD for Ti-45Al-6Nb-0.2Zr after oxidation shows the formation of Zr oxides and Ti-Zr complex oxides in the scale. The scale spallation observed in this alloy is due to the enrichment of Zr at scale / alloy interface and formation of Zr oxide in the scale.

Okai, Daisuke, Kentaro Mori, Gaku Motoyama, Hisamichi Kimura e Hidemi Kato. "Amorphousization and Superconducting Property for Zr-Nb Based Alloy". Materials Science Forum 783-786 (maggio 2014): 2503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.2503.

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The amorphousization of Zr65Nb35 alloy was performed. The Zr-Nb based alloys contained Al and Co elements were fabricated by arc-melting and melt-spinning methods. The superconducting property of the Zr(65-x)Nb35-xAlx (x = 0~15 at%) and Zr(65-x)Nb20Al15Cox alloys (x = 3~10 at%) was investigated by magnetic susceptibility measurements. The Zr(65-x)Nb20Al15Cox metallic glasses (x = 6~10 at%) with superconducting nanocrystalline particles dispersed in an amorphous matrix exhibited a superconductivity below about 3.5 K. The addition of Co element led drastically to the amorphousization of the superconducting Zr65Nb20Al15 alloy.

Nagy, E., Dóra Janovszky, Mária Svéda, Kinga Tomolya, L. K. Varga, Jenő Sólyom e András Roósz. "Investigation of Crystallization in an Amorphous Cu-Based Alloy by X-Ray". Materials Science Forum 589 (giugno 2008): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.589.131.

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Recently one of the most significant research-field in the development of amorphous alloys is the research of the Cu-based amorphous alloys. The Zr-based alloys developed earlier can be replaced by the newly developed Cu-based alloys as the high price of the Zr-based alloys limits their utilization in spite of their favourable properties. Production of Cu-based alloys having the same or more favourite properties than Zr-based alloys is cheaper and this fact can promote their increasing utilization. Cu-Zr-Ti and Cu-Hf-Ti alloy systems – they are Cu-based alloys – have excellent mechanical properties. In this paper investigations of crystallization of amorphous Cu44,25Zr36Ag14,75Ti5 powder produced by ball milling (these processes have not been investigated yet according to the reference data) are described. In the course of investigation of the crystallization process, samples were heated to a temperature of investigation by means of a DSC equipment and the developed state was frozen by chilling. The investigation of the developed structure and to identify the phases formed during heat treatment, X-ray diffraction method was used.

Han, Yu, Bao An Chen, Zhi Xiang Zhu, Dong Yu Liu e Yan Qiu Xia. "Effects of Zr on Microstructure and Conductivity of Er Containing Heat-Resistant Aluminum Alloy Used for Wires". Materials Science Forum 852 (aprile 2016): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.205.

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It has particular heat-resistant property and conductivity of high-conductivity heat-resistant Aluminium alloys, which would be wildly applied in transmission and transformation flied. Al-Er-Zr alloys containing different content of Zr were prepared. The effect of Zr on microstructure of heat-resistance Aluminum alloy were studied by using of STEM, and thermodynamic behavior of Zr in Aluminium alloy was analyzed based on the theory of alloy phase formation. The results showed that the effect of Zr content on the grain size of heat-resistant aluminum alloy was remarkable, and the conductivity of heat-resistance Aluminum alloy was influenced.

Matsumoto, N., Yasuyuki Kaneno e Takayuki Takasugi. "Strengthening and Ductilization of D0₃-Type Fe₃Al Intermetallic Alloys by Dispersion of Laves Phases Fe₂Zr and Fe₂Nb". Materials Science Forum 561-565 (ottobre 2007): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.395.

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Zr and/or Nb added Fe3Al based intermetallic alloys (i.e., Fe3Al-Zr, Fe3Al-Nb and Fe3Al-Zr-Nb) were arc-melted, homogenized, hot-rolled and then annealed to evaluate microstructure and tensile property at room temperature as well as at a high temperature (873K). After annealing, the rolled alloys exhibited a recrystallized microstructure containing coarse second phase particles, except for the Nb-added alloy with a minor content of Nb. Relatively high tensile elongation as well as high tensile strength was observed at room temperature in the Zr-added alloys with a minor amount of Zr. Also, these alloys showed relatively high tensile strength and elongation at high temperature (873K). The results suggest that tensile ductility as well as strength of Fe3Al-based alloys can be improved by introduction of the second phase dispersions.

Yang, Kun, Yanghe Wang, Jingjing Tang, Zixuan Wang, Dechuang Zhang, Yilong Dai e Jianguo Lin. "Phase Field Study on the Spinodal Decomposition of β Phase in Zr–Nb-Ti Alloys". Materials 16, n. 8 (8 aprile 2023): 2969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16082969.

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In this study, a phase field method based on the Cahn–Hilliard equation was used to simulate the spinodal decomposition in Zr-Nb-Ti alloys, and the effects of Ti concentration and aging temperature (800–925 K) on the spinodal structure of the alloys for 1000 min were investigated. It was found that the spinodal decomposition occurred in the Zr-40Nb-20Ti, Zr-40Nb-25Ti and Zr-33Nb-29Ti alloys aged at 900 K with the formation of the Ti-rich phases and Ti-poor phases. The spinodal phases in the Zr-40Nb-20Ti, Zr-40Nb-25Ti and Zr-33Nb-29Ti alloys aged at 900 K were in an interconnected non-oriented maze-like shape, a discrete droplet-like shape and a clustering sheet-like shape in the early aging period, respectively. With the increase in Ti concentration of the Zr-Nb-Ti alloys, the wavelength of the concentration modulation increased but amplitude decreased. The aging temperature had an important influence on the spinodal decomposition of the Zr-Nb-Ti alloy system. For the Zr-40Nb-25Ti alloy, with the increase in the aging temperature, the shape of the rich Zr phase changed from an interconnected non-oriented maze-like shape to a discrete droplet-like shape, and the wavelength of the concentration modulate increased quickly to a stable value, but the amplitude decreased in the alloy. As the aging temperature increased to 925 K, the spinodal decomposition did not occur in the Zr-40Nb-25Ti alloy.

Cao, Peng Jun, Ji Ling Dong e Hai Dong Wu. "Research on Cu-Based Bulk Glassy Alloys and its Mechanical Properties". Applied Mechanics and Materials 329 (giugno 2013): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.329.127.

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High-strength Cu-based bulk glassy alloys with a large supercooled liquid region in Cu-Zr-Ti-Ni systems were prepared by means of copper mold casting. The Cu-based bulk glassy alloys samples were tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Instron testing machine. The result indicates, the maximum diameter was 5.0 mm for the Cu55Zr25Ti15Ni5 bulk glassy alloy. The temperature interval of supercooled liquid region (ΔTx) is as large as 45.48-70.98 K for the Cu-Zr-Ti-Ni alloy. The Cu-based glassy alloys rods exhibited the very high mechanical properties and the distinct plastic strains. The compressive fracture strength is 2155 MPa, 2026 MPa and 1904 MPa respectively for Cu50Zr25Ti15Ni10, Cu55Zr25Ti15Ni5 and Cu54Zr22Ti18Ni6 bulk glassy alloys. The Vickers hardness is respectively 674, 678 and 685 for the Cu50Zr25Ti15Ni10, Cu55Zr25Ti15Ni5 and Cu54Zr22Ti18Ni6 bulk glassy alloys. The addition Co element to Cu-Zr-Ti-Ni alloy expand the ΔTx, the ΔTx is 74.5 K for Cu50Zr22Ti18Ni6Co4 bulk glassy alloys.

DEY, G. K., R. T. SAVALIA, S. NEOGY, R. TEWARI, D. SRIVASTAVA e S. BANERJEE. "FORMATION OF NANOCRYSTALS IN ZIRCONIUM-BASED ALLOYS". International Journal of Nanoscience 04, n. 05n06 (ottobre 2005): 901–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x05003863.

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The formation of nanocrystals in Zr -based alloys through three different routes, viz by rapid solidification of alloys, by crystallization of rapidly solidified metallic glasses and by crystallization of bulk metallic glasses has been described. The nanocrystal forming behaviors of rapidly solidified metallic glasses and bulk metallic glasses have been compared and contrasted. The rapidly solidified alloys, which have been examined for this purpose, are Zr 76 Fe 24-x Ni x (x = 0,4,8,12,16,24) and Zr 69.5 Cu 12 Ni 11 Al 7.5. In the Zr 69.5 Cu 12 Ni 11 Al 7.5 alloy, formation of a quasicrystalline phase was observed on crystallization. Bulk glass having the composition Zr 52 Ti 6 Al 10 Cu 18 Ni 14 has been produced by copper mould casting. This has been crystallized in order to obtain nanocrystalline phases having Zr 2 Ni and Zr 2 Cu structures. The nanocrystalline and the nanoquasicrystalline microstructures have been examined in considerable detail in order to find out the nature of the various types of interfaces in them. Particularly the nanograin boundaries were examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HREM) and their structure has been compared with that of the grain boundary in large grained material. The change in nature of these interfaces and their number with coarsening of the nanocrystal is also investigated.

Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Zr-based alloys":

Scarfone, Roberto. "Mechanical spectroscopy of Zr-based bulk glass forming alloys". [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964907925.

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Pauly, Simon. "Phase formation and mechanical properties of metastable Cu-Zr-based alloys". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-39545.

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In the course of this PhD thesis metastable Cu50Zr50-xTix (0≤ x ≤ 10) and (Cu0.5Zr0.5)100-xAlx (5 ≤ x ≤ 8) alloys were prepared and characterised in terms of phase formation, thermal behaviour, crystallisation kinetics and most importantly in terms of mechanical properties. The addition of Al clearly enhances the glass-forming ability although it does not affect the phase formation. This means that the Cu-Zr-Al system follows the characteristics of the binary Cu-Zr phase diagram, at least for Al additions up to 8 at.%. Conversely, the presence of at least 6 at.% Ti changes the crystallisation sequence of Cu50Zr50-xTix metallic glasses and a metastable C15 CuZrTi Laves phase (Fd-3m) precipitates prior to the equilibrium phases, Cu10Zr7 and CuZr2. A structurally related phase, i.e. the “big cube” phase (Cu4(Zr,Ti)2O, Fd-3m), crystallises in a first step when a significant amount of oxygen, on the order of several thousands of mass-ppm (parts per million), is added. Both phases, the C15 Laves as well as the big cube phase, contain pronounced icosahedral coordination and their formation might be related to an icosahedral-like short-range order of the as-cast glass. However, when the metallic glasses obey the phase formation as established in the binary Cu-Zr phase diagram, the short-range order seems to more closely resemble the coordination of the high-temperature equilibrium phase, B2 CuZr. During the tensile deformation of (Cu0.5Zr0.5)100-xAlx bulk metallic glasses where B2 CuZr nanocrystals precipitate polymorphically in the bulk and some of them undergo twinning, which is due to the shape memory effect inherent in B2 CuZr. Qualitatively, this unique deformation process can be understood in the framework of the potential energy landscape (PEL) model. The shear stress, applied by mechanically loading the material, softens the shear modulus, thus biasing structural rearrangements towards the more stable, crystalline state. One major prerequisite in this process is believed to be a B2-like short-range order of the glass in the as-cast state, which could account for the polymorphic precipitation of the B2 nanocrystals at a comparatively small amount of shear. Diffraction experiments using high-energy X-rays suggest that there might be a correlation between the B2 phase and the glass structure on a length-scale less than 4 Å. Additional corroboration for this finding comes from the fact that the interatomic distances of a Cu50Zr47.5Ti2.5 metallic glass are reduced by cold-rolling. Instead of experiencing shear-induced dilation, the atoms become more closely packed, indicating that the metallic glass is driven towards the more densely packed state associated with the more stable, crystalline state. It is noteworthy, that two Cu-Zr intermetallic compounds were identified to be plastically deformable. Cubic B2 CuZr undergoes a deformation-induced martensitic phase transformation to monoclinic B19’and B33 structures, resulting in transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP effect). On the other hand, tetragonal CuZr2 can also be deformed in compression up to a strain of 15%, yet, exhibiting a dislocation-borne deformation mechanism. The shear-induced nanocrystallisation and twinning seem to be competitive phenomena regarding shear band generation and propagation, which is why very few shear offsets, due to shear banding, can be observed at the surface of the bulk metallic glasses tested in quasistatic tension. The average distance between the crystalline precipitates is on the order of the typical shear band thickness (10 - 50 nm) meaning that an efficient interaction between nanocrystals and shear bands becomes feasible. Macroscopically, these microscopic processes reflect as an appreciable plastic strain combined with work hardening. When the same CuZr-based BMGs are tested in tension at room temperature and at high strain rate (10-2 s-1) there seems to be a “strain rate sensitivity”, which could be related to a crossover of the experimental time-scale and the time-scale of the intrinsic deformation processes (nanocrystallisation, twinning, shear band generation and propagation). However, further work is required to investigate the reasons for the varying slope in the elastic regime. As B2 CuZr is the phase, that competes with vitrification, it precipitates in a glassy matrix if the cooling rate is not sufficient to freeze the structure of the liquid completely. The pronounced work hardening and the plasticity of the B2 phase, which are a result of the deformation-induced martensitic transformation, leave their footprints in the stress-strain curves of these bulk metallic glass matrix composites. The behaviour of the yield strength as a function of the crystalline volume fraction can be captured by the rule of mixtures at low crystalline volume fractions and by the load bearing model at high crystalline volume fractions. In between both of these regions there is a transition caused by percolation (impingement) of the B2 crystals. Furthermore, the fracture strain can be modelled as a function of the crystalline volume fraction by a three-microstructural-element body and the results imply that the interface between B2 crystals and glassy matrix determines the plastic strain of the composites. The combination of shape memory crystals and a glassy matrix leads to a material with a markedly high yield strength and an enhanced plastic strain. In the CuZr-based metastable alloys investigated, there is an intimate relationship between the microstructure and the mechanical properties. The insights gained here should prove useful regarding the optimisation of the mechanical properties of bulk metallic glasses and bulk metallic glass composites.

Asgharzadeh, Javid Fatemeh. "Phase formation, martensitic transformation and mechanical properties of Cu-Zr-based alloys". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-210276.

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Die Motivation zur Untersuchung ternärer und quaternären CuZr-Legierungen bestand in der Annahme, dass die Zugabe von Kobalt den Stabilitätsbereich von B2 CuZr bis zur Raumtemperatur erweitert und Aluminium einen signifikanten Effekt auf die Glasbildungsfähigkeit des CuZr-Systems hat. Die vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit der Herstellung und Charakterisierung von Cu50-xCoxZr50 (0 ≤ x ≤ 20) und Cu50-xCoxZr45Al5- (x = 2, 5, 10 und 20) Legierungen. Hierbei wurden die Phasenbildung, die thermische Stabilität, die Mikrostruktur, die Martensitbildung und die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Legierungen untersucht. Die Abhängigkeit der Phasenbildung von der Erstarrungsrate und der thermodynamischen Stabilität von Cu-Co-Zr-Legierungen zeigte, dass die Zugabe von Kobalt die Glasbildungsfähigkeit von Cu-Co-Zr-Legierungen absenkt und die stabilen kristallinen Produkte des Systems von Cu10Zr7 + CuZr2 zu (Cu,Co)Zr Phase mit einer B2 Struktur verändert. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass bei den schmelzgesponnene Bänder mit wenigstens 5 Atom-% Co das Glas direkt in B2 (Cu,Co)Zr kristallisiert, während Massivproben mit Co-Gehalten zwischen 0 ≤ x < 5 die monokline (Cu,Co)Zr Phase und Cu10Zr7 sowie CuZr2 beinhalten, wobei für x ≥ 10 die B2 (Cu,Co)Zr Phase bei Raumtemperatur im Gleichgewicht ist. Des Weiteren werden mit steigendem Co-Gehalt die Martensitumwandlungstemperaturen zu niedrigeren Werten verschoben. Die Phasenbildung im ternären System wird im pseudo-binären (Cu,Co)Zr-Phasendiagramm zusammengefasst, welches die Entwicklung neuer Formgedächtnislegierungen sowie metallischer Glas-Komposite bei Zugabe des Glasbildungselementes Aluminium vereinfacht. In den Vierstofflegierungen erhöht Al die Glasübergangs- und Kristallisationstemperaturen und verbessert dadurch die Glasbildungsfähigkeit des Systems. Die röntgenographische Analyse zeigte, dass die Kristallisationsprodukte der schmelzgesponnenen Bänder variieren: von Cu10Zr7 + CuZr2 + AlCu2Zr zu (Cu,Co)Zr + AlCu2Zr, wenn Co ≤ 5 und Co ≥ 10. Die Herstellung von Massivproben mit unterschiedlichen Durchmessern führte zu einem vollständig amorphen Gefüge, einem metallischen Glas-Komposit oder einem vollständig kristallinen Gefüge. Für Co ≤ 5 tritt neben (Cu,Co)Zr und AlCu2Zr ebenfalls Cu10Zr7 auf. Mittels Rasterelektronen (REM)- und Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (TEM) erfolgte die Analyse des Einflusses von Al- und Co-Zugaben auf die Mikrostruktur von CuZr-Legierungen. Für die Cu-Co-Zr-Al-Legierungen sowie Cu30Co20Zr45Al5 (ø = 4 mm) und Cu45Co5Zr45Al5 (ø = 2 mm) wurden mikrostrukturelle Untersuchungen mittels TEM durchgeführt. Nachfolgend wurde die Heterogenität der Mikrostruktur in der Cu40Co10Zr45Al5 (ø = 2 mm) untersucht. Der Einfluss von Co auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften von rascherstarrten Cu50-xCoxZr50 (x = 2, 5, 10 und 20 Atom-%) Legierungen zeigt, dass das Verformungsverhalten der Stäbe unter Druckbeanspruchung stark von der Mikrostruktur der (Cu,Co)Zr Phase und somit von der Legierungszusammensetzung abhängt. Kobalt beeinflusst die Bruchfestigkeit der Gussproben. Weiterhin zeigen Proben mit martensitischem Gefüge eine Kaltverfestigung. Neben der Kaltverfestigung zeigen die Legierungen mit hohem Co-Gehalt eine verformungsinduzierte Martensitumwandlung und weisen zwei Streckgrenzen auf. Für die Vierstofflegierungen wurde der Einfluss der Kühlrate und der chemischen Zusammensetzung auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Für Cu48Co2Zr45Al5 (ø = 1.5, 2, 3 und 4 mm) und Cu45Co5Zr45Al5 (ø = 3 mm) wurde der Einfluss der Kühlrate und der Heterogenität diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Cu50-xCoxZr45Al5-Legierungen stark von der Makrostruktur und dem Volumenanteil der amorphen und kristallinen Phase abhängen. Die verformungsinduzierte Martensitumwandlung in Cu40Co10Zr50- und Cu40Co10Zr45Al5-Gussstäben wurde mittels hochenergetischer Röntgenstrahlung durchgeführt. Die In-situ- Druckversuche erfolgten weg- und kraftkontrolliert. Das makroskopische und mikroskopische Spannung-Dehnungs-Verhalten sowie die Phasenumwandlungskinetik wurden dabei betrachtet. Die relativen Veränderungen der vollständig integrierten Intensität der ausgewählten B2- und Martensitreflexe, die auf die Veränderungen der Volumenanteile der entsprechenden Phasen unter Verformung hinweisen, wurden als Phasenumwandlungsvolumen M/M+B2 beschrieben
The fact that the presence of Co extends the stability range of B2 CuZr to room temperature, together with the significant effect of Al on improving the glass forming ability of the CuZr system was the motivation to investigate the ternary and quaternary CuZr alloys with the aim of synthesizing BMG composites containing B2 (Cu,Co)Zr crystals. This PhD thesis deals with preparation and characterization of Cu50-xCoxZr50 (0 ≤ x ≤ 20) and Cu50-xCoxZr45Al5 (x = 2, 5, 10 and 20) alloys. The phase formation, thermal stability, microstructure, martensitic transformation and mechanical properties of these alloys were investigated. The dependence of phase formation on solidification rate and the thermodynamically stability of Cu-Co-Zr alloys reveals that the addition of Co decreases the glass forming ability (GFA) of the Cu-Co-Zr alloys and changes the stable crystalline products of the system from Cu10Zr7 + CuZr2 to (Cu,Co)Zr phase with a B2 structure. The results indicate that for the melt-spun ribbons with at least 5 % Co, the glass crystallizes directly into B2 (Cu,Co)Zr, while in the case of bulk specimens, compositions with 0 ≤ x < 5 of Co contain the monoclinic (Cu,Co)Zr phase and Cu10Zr7 and CuZr2, whereas, for x ≥ 10, the B2 (Cu,Co)Zr phase is the equilibrium phase at room temperature. Furthermore, increasing the cobalt content decreases the martensitic transformation temperatures to lower temperatures. The phase formation in the ternary system is summarized in a pseudo-binary (Cu,Co)Zr phase diagram, that helps for designing new shape memory alloys, as well as bulk metallic glass composites with the addition of glass former elements. In the quaternary alloys, Al increases the glass transition and crystallization temperatures and hence improves the GFA of the system. The X-ray analysis illustrates that for the melt-spun ribbons, the crystallization products vary from Cu10Zr7 + CuZr2 + AlCu2Zr to (Cu,Co)Zr + AlCu2Zr when Co ≤ 5 and Co ≥ 10, respectively. Depending on the cooling rates, the bulk samples represent a fully amorphous structure or BMG composites or a fully crystalline structure. For Co ≤ 5, beside (Cu,Co)Zr and AlCu2Zr, Cu10Zr7 exists as well. Scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy investigations were done to investigate the effect of Al and Co addition to the microstructure of CuZr alloys. In the case of Cu-Co-Zr-Al alloys, Cu30Co20Zr45Al5 (ɸ = 4 mm) and Cu45Co5Zr45Al5 (ɸ = 2 mm) compositions were selected for the microstructure verification using TEM. Later, the heterogeneity of the microstructure in Cu40Co10Zr45Al5 (ɸ = 2 mm) alloy was considered. The effect of Co on the mechanical properties of rapidly solidified Cu50-xCoxZr50 (x = 2, 5, 10 and 20 at.%) alloys depict that the deformation behavior of the rods under compressive loading strongly depends on the microstructure, and as a results, on the alloy composition. Cobalt affects the fracture strength of the as-cast samples; and deformation is accompanied with two yield stresses for high Co-content alloys, which undergo deformation-induced martensitic transformation. Instead samples with a martensitic structure show a work-hardening behavior. For quaternary alloys, the effects of cooling rate and chemical composition on mechanical properties of the alloys were investigated. Cu48Co2Zr45Al5 (ɸ= 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 mm) and Cu45Co5Zr45Al5 (ɸ = 3 mm) compositions were selected to discuss the effect of cooling rate and heterogeneity, respectively. The results depict that the mechanical properties of Cu50-xCoxZr45Al5 alloys strongly depend on the microstructure and the volume fraction of the amorphous and crystalline phases. The deformation-induced martensitic transformation of Cu40Co10Zr50 and Cu40Co10Zr45Al5 as-cast rods, was studied by means of high-energy X-rays. The in situ compression measurements were performed in track control and load control modes. The macroscopic and microscopic stress-strain behavior, as well as the phase transformation kinetics were considered. The relative changes in the fully integrated intensity of the selected B2 and martensite peaks, which indicate the changes in volume fraction of the corresponding phases under deformation, was described as phase transformation volume, M/M+B2

Waniuk, Theodore Andrew Johnson W. L. "Viscosity and crystallization in a series of Zr-based bulk amorphous alloys /". Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2004. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06102004-214551.

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Kobold, Raphael [Verfasser], Dieter M. [Gutachter] Herlach e Ulrich [Gutachter] Köhler. "Crystal growth in undercooled melts of glass forming Zr-based alloys / Raphael Kobold. Gutachter: Dieter M. Herlach ; Ulrich Köhler". Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1109051654/34.

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Pauly, Simon [Verfasser], Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Eckert e Gianaurelio [Akademischer Betreuer] Cuniberti. "Phase formation and mechanical properties of metastable Cu-Zr-based alloys / Simon Pauly. Gutachter: Jürgen Eckert ; Gianaurelio Cuniberti. Betreuer: Jürgen Eckert". Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1069938998/34.

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Asgharzadeh, Javid Fatemeh [Verfasser], Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Eckert e Michael [Gutachter] Zehetbauer. "Phase formation, martensitic transformation and mechanical properties of Cu-Zr-based alloys / Fatemeh Asgharzadeh Javid ; Gutachter: Michael Zehetbauer ; Betreuer: Jürgen Eckert". Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119362547/34.

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Borroto, Ramírez Alejandro. "Synthesis, structure and properties of zirconium-based binary alloy thin films". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0057.

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Dans cette thèse, nous démontrons que des nanostructures originales peuvent être obtenues en travaillant autour de la transition cristallin/amorphe dans des films minces déposés par pulvérisation cathodique. En particulier, nous étudions deux systèmes, Zr-Mo et Zr-W, dans lesquels une telle transition se produit. Dans ce système, lorsque la teneur en Mo est réduite, une transition structurale d’une solution solide nanocristalline de Zr dans le réseau bbc de Mo à une structure amorphe peut être obtenue autour de 60 at % de Mo. Les films obtenus présentent une dureté H élevée, un faible module de Young E et, par conséquent, un ratio H/E élevé par rapport à celui de Zr et Mo. Par ailleurs, nous démontrons qu'une auto-séparation des phases nanocristalline et amorphe se produit à une composition spécifique. La géométrie particulière dans laquelle la phase nanocristalline se développe en concurrence avec la phase amorphe est exploitée pour contrôler la morphologie de surface et, par conséquence, la réflectance par l’intermédiaire de l’épaisseur. Un modèle a été développé pour décrire la cinétique de la croissance compétitive entre les phases nanocristalline et amorphe. De plus, cela permet de construire un diagramme de phase épaisseur-composition qui montre que la croissance compétitive nanocristalline/amorphe est facilement dissimulée expérimentalement. Finalement, nous démontrons que des grains monocristallins massifs de taille latérale supérieure à 1 µm peuvent être obtenus en travaillant à basse pression d’Ar si la composition des films se rapproche du bord de la transition amorphe. Nos résultats suggèrent que les phénomènes observés pour les systèmes Zr-Mo et Zr-W peuvent être étendus à d'autres systèmes
In this thesis, we demonstrate that original nanostructures can be obtained by working around the crystalline-to-amorphous transition in sputter-deposited thin films. In particular, we study two systems, Zr-Mo and Zr-W, in which such transition occurs. By decreasing the Mo content in the Zr-Mo system, a structural transition from a nanocrystalline solid solution of Zr in the bcc lattice of Mo to an amorphous structure can be achieved around 60 at% Mo. The films obtained present high hardness H, low Young's modulus E and, consequently, high H/E ratio compared with bulk Zr and Mo. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a self-separation of the nanocrystalline and the amorphous phases occurs at the composition intermediate to those necessary to form single-phased amorphous and nanocrystalline films. The particular geometry in which the nanocrystalline phase grows in competition with the amorphous phase is exploited to achieve a thickness-controlled surface morphology which allows to tune the film reflectance. A model was developed to describe the kinetics of the competitive growth between the nanocrystalline and the amorphous phases. Furthermore, it allows to construct a thickness-composition phase diagram evidencing that the nanocrystalline/amorphous competitive growth is easily hidden experimentally. Finally, we demonstrate that massive monocrystalline grains with lateral size larger than 1 µm can be obtained by working at low Ar pressure if the composition of the films approaches to the edge of the amorphous transition. Our results suggest that the phenomena reported here for Zr-Mo and Zr-W can be extended to other systems

Corwin, Peter E. "Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Zirconium Based Alloys for Capacitor Use". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1363616395.

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Sobol, O. V., A. A. Andreev e V. Gorban. "Structural-Strained State and Mechanical Characteristics of Single-Phase Vacuum-Arc Coatings of Multicomponent High Entropy System Ti-V-Zr-Nb-Hf and Nitrides Based On It". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34808.

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In this work was shown the high stability of the single-phase structural state of high entropy alloy of Ti-V-Zr-Nb-Hf system in a vacuum-arc method of obtaining of coatings based on it. In the process of deposition single-phase high entropy coatings with bcc-lattice which characterizes the cast state are formed in vacuum, and upon obtaining in a nitrogen atmosphere single-phase nitride superhard coatings based on fcc-metal lattice are formed. Such a stability of structure of multi-element alloy to high temperature evaporation and deposition from high-energy plasma flows allows to use the techniques developed for simple substitution phases in the analysis of their structural-stress state. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34808

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Libri sul tema "Zr-based alloys":

K, Soppet W., U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Division of Systems Analysis and Regulatory Effectiveness. e Argonne National Laboratory, a cura di. Air oxidation kinetics for Zr-based alloys. Washington, D.C: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Division of Systems Analysis and Regulatory Effectiveness, Office of Nuclear Regualtory Research, 2004.

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Ren, Binyan. The recrystallization of an Al-Li-Zr based alloy. 1988.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Zr-based alloys":

Bhattacharjee, T., T. T. Sasaki, B. C. Suh, T. Nakata, S. Kamado, N. J. Kim e K. Hono. "Role of Zr in the Microstructure Evolution in Mg-Zn-Zr Based Wrought Alloys". In Magnesium Technology 2015, 209–13. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093428.ch39.

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Bhattacharjee, T., T. T. Sasaki, B. C. Suh, T. Nakata, S. Kamado, N. J. Kim e K. Hono. "Role of Zr in the Microstructure Evolution in Mg-Zn-Zr Based Wrought Alloys". In Magnesium Technology 2015, 209–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48185-2_39.

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Takasaki, Akito, Łukasz Gondek, Joanna Czub, Alicja Klimkowicz, Antoni Żywczak e Konrad Świerczek. "Hydrogen Storage in Ti/Zr-Based Amorphous and Quasicrystal Alloys". In Hydrogen Storage Technologies, 117–45. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119460572.ch4.

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Fukumoto, Shinji, Kana Fujiwara, Yoshihiko Yokoyama, Yoshihiro Murakami e Atsushi Yamamoto. "Small-Scale Resistance Spot Welding of Zr Based Glassy Alloys". In Materials Science Forum, 1307–10. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-462-6.1307.

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Gosmanová, Galina, Ivo Kraus, Michal Kolega e Věra Vrtílková. "X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Oxide Layers of Zr-Based Alloys". In Materials Science Forum, 237–40. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-469-3.237.

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Isaenkova, Margarita, Yuriy Perlovich, V. Fesenko, Thant Zaw Htike, S. Kropachev, S. Akhtonov e V. Filippov. "Plastic Deformation of Zr-Based Alloys at Temperatures of Phase Transformations". In Materials Science Forum, 637–42. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-434-0.637.

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Sinning, H. R., I. S. Golovin e A. Jianu. "Mechanical Spectroscopy of Quasicrystal Formation from Amorphous Ti- and Zr-based Alloys". In Solid State Transformation and Heat Treatment, 135–43. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527604839.ch17.

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Isaenkova, Margarita, e Yuriy Perlovich. "Texture Aspects of Delayed Hydride Cracking in Products from Zr-Based Alloys". In Ceramic Transactions Series, 539–46. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470444191.ch60.

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Lee, Dong Geun, Yont Tai Lee, Jong Taek Yeon, Jeoung Han Kim, Nho Kwang Park e Sung Hak Lee. "Effect of Crystalline Phase on Dynamic Deformation Properties of Zr-Based BMG Alloys". In THERMEC 2006, 5031–36. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-428-6.5031.

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Isaenkova, Margarita, e Yuriy Perlovich. "Distribution of Dislocation Density in Tubes from Zr-Based Alloys by X-Ray Data". In Solid State Phenomena, 89–94. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-09-4.89.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Zr-based alloys":

"Production and Study of the Structure of Novel Superelastic Ti-Zr-Based Alloy". In Shape Memory Alloys 2018. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644900017-9.

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Gosmanová, Galina, Ivo Kraus, Michal Kolega e Věra Vrtílková. "X-ray diffraction analysis of oxidized Zr-based alloys". In SPIE Proceedings, a cura di Alexander I. Melker e Teodor Breczko. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.726775.

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Gosmanova, Galina, Ivo Kraus e Nikolaj Ganev. "X-ray stress analysis of oxidized Zr-based alloys". In Fifth International Workshop on Nondestructive Testing and Computer Simulations in Science and Engineering, a cura di Alexander I. Melker. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.456272.

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Wei, T. G., C. S. Long, B. F. Luan, Z. Miao, W. Wang e L. Chen. "Microstructure and Performance of Zr-1.0Cr-0.4Fe-xMo Alloys". In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15920.

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Abstract (sommario):

For the possibility to develop Zr-based alloys with good corrosion resistance and relatively high strength as well at elevated temperature, Zr-1.0Cr-0.4Fe-xMo (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) alloys with different Mo addition were studied. These alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melting, the microstructure, phase transformation, tensile strength, corrosion resistance and hydrogen uptake during corrosion of these alloys was studied and the effect of Mo addition was discussed. Mo addition had a refinement effect on the microstructure, the α-laths size of the alloys in as-cast condition was decreased by Mo addition, and the recrystal grains of the alloy with 0.6% Mo addition were several times smaller than those of the alloy with no Mo addition in general. Mo addition also affected the characteristics of the second phase particles (SPPs), with the increase of Mo content, the population density of the SPPs increased significantly, whereas the average diameter of the SPPs decreased. Mo addition had a stabilization effect on β phase, the/ (α+β) phase transition temperature decreased with Mo content, especially when Mo was added to the Mo free alloy. The tensile strength of Zr-1.0Cr-0.4Fe-xMo alloys was higher than that of Zr-1.0Sn-0.3Nb-0.3Fe-0.1Cr alloy at 350°C and tended to increase with Mo content. Zr-1.0Cr-0.4Fe-xMo alloys had excellent corrosion resistance in 500°C 10.3MPa steam due to the large number of fine SPPs in the matrix. Addition of Mo promoted the change of the oxidation from cubic kinetics to liner kinetics and the formation of cracks in the oxide layers. It was thought that the solute Mo atoms in Zr matrix played an important role on the degradation of corrosion resistance. Hydrogen uptake fraction of Zr-1.0Cr-0.4Fe-xMo alloys was high initially during corrosion and decreased with the exposure time in the pre-transition region, however, when cracks were formed in the oxide layers in pos-transition region, hydrogen uptake fraction of the alloys would reached to a high level again.

Yao, M. Y., B. X. Zhou, Q. Li, W. P. Zhang, L. Zhu, L. H. Zou, J. L. Zhang e J. C. Peng. "Effect of Bi Addition on the Corrosion Behavior of Zirconium Alloys". In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15460.

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In order to investigate systematically the effect of Bi addition on the corrosion resistance of zirconium alloys, different zirconium-based alloys, including Zr-4 (Zr-1.5Sn-0.2Fe-0.1Cr), S5 (Zr-0.8Sn-0.35Nb-0.4Fe-0.1Cr), T5 (Zr-0.7Sn-1.0Nb-0.3Fe-0.1Cr) and Zr-1Nb, were adopted to prepare the zirconium alloys containing Bi of 0∼0.5% in mass fraction. These alloys were denoted as Zr-4+xBi, S5+xBi, T5+xBi and Zr-1Nb+xBi, respectively. The corrosion behavior of these specimens was investigated by autoclave testing in lithiated water with 0.01 M LiOH or deionized water at 360°C/18.6 MPa and in superheated steam at 400 °C/10.3 MPa. The micro structure of the alloys was examined by TEM and the second phase particles (SPPs) were analyzed by EDS. Micro structure observation shows that the addition of Bi promotes the precipitation of Sn as second phase particles (SPPs) because Sn is in solid solution in α-Zr matrix in Zr-4, S5 and T5 alloys. The concentration of Bi dissolved in α-Zr matrix increase with the increase of Nb in the alloys, and the excess Bi precipitates as Bi-containing SPPs. The corrosion results show that the effect of Bi addition on the corrosion behavior of different zirconium-based alloys is very complicated, depending on their compositions and corrosion conditions. In the case of higher Bi concentration in α-Zr, the zirconium alloys exhibit better corrosion resistance. However, in the case of precipitation of Bi-containing SPPs, the corrosion resistance gets worse. This indicates that the solid solution of Bi in α-Zr matrix can improve the corrosion resistance, while the precipitation of the Bi-containing SPPs is harmful to the corrosion resistance.

Gao, Changyuan, Lin Shi, Guoliang Zhang, Yang Xu, Minli Chen, Liutao Chen e Jun Tan. "Study on Out-Pile Performance of CZ Zirconium Alloy Guide Tube". In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-93816.

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Abstract Based on the composition of CZ1 alloy and CZ2 alloy, guide tubes were fabricated. The performance of CZ1 and CZ2 alloy guide tube was studied. Through microscopic observation, it can be seen that the CZ alloy guide tube has a completely recrystallized structure with fine grains and dispersed second phase particles. Autoclave Corrosion test shows that the corrosion resistance of CZ1 and CZ2 alloy in pure water at 360°C is better than recrystallized Zr-4 alloy and Zr-1Sn-1Nb alloy tubes, and the corrosion resistance of CZ1 alloy in steam at 400°C is similar to recrystallized Zr-4 alloy and better than CZ2 and recrystallized Zr-1Sn-1Nb alloy. The mechanical test shows that the yield strength and tensile strength of CZ alloy are equal to or slightly higher than recrystallized Zr-4 alloy and Zr-1Sn-1Nb alloy at room temperature and elevated temperature. The out-pile axial creep tests show that the creep deformation of various alloys are very small for low stress (60MPa) conditions, and the axial creep resistance of CZ alloy is better than that of recrystallized Zr-4 alloy and inferior to recrystallized Zr-1Sn-1Nb alloy for high stress (> 100MPa) conditions. According to the comprehensive evaluation of the out-pile test results, CZ alloy guide tube has excellent out-pile performance, and CZ alloys have the prospect of being used as guide tube material.

Gosmanova, Galina, Ivo Kraus e Nikolaj Ganev. "Residual stresses in oxide layers and corrosion kinetics of Zr-based alloys". In SPIE Proceedings, a cura di Alexander I. Melker. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.517960.

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Kharchenko, Dmytro, Vasyl Kharchenko, Olha Shchokotova, Rongian Pan, Tianyuan Xin e Lu Wu. "Martensitic Transformation in Nanostructured ZrO₂ Films in Zr-based Alloys". In 2023 IEEE 13th International Conference Nanomaterials: Applications & Properties (NAP). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nap59739.2023.10310686.

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Gao, Yingqi, Ben Wang, Jianguo Cao, Qianqian Luo, Yuan Cao, Zhihao Zhang, Lian Wang e Bo Gao. "High-Temperature Deformation Constitutive Relationship of Zr-Sn-Nb Alloy for Nuclear Power". In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-92123.

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Abstract Zr-Sn-Nb zirconium alloys are widely used in the field of nuclear power instead of traditional zirconium alloys and can be used as structural materials for nuclear power fuel assemblies. In this paper, the constitutive relation of high temperature plastic deformation of Zr-Sn-Nb alloy for nuclear power is described. Gleeble-3800 thermal simulation tester was used to conduct compression tests at different temperatures (450∼700°C) and deformation rates (0.01∼10s−1), stress-strain curves under different deformation conditions were drawn based on stress-strain data. According to the analysis of flow stress curve types, Zr-Sn-Nb alloy shows obvious temperature sensitivity and strain rate sensitivity. Under the condition of low temperature and high strain rate, the power dissipation efficiency is calculated according to Murty instability discriminant. Zirconium alloy material shows flow instability due to the formation of adiabatic shear band. In order to control the successful rolling of microstructure, careful process design must be carried out to avoid the flow instability zone. Based on the types of stress-strain curves, the curves are divided into work hardening stage and dynamic recovery (DRV)/ dynamic recrystallization (DRX) stage. A piecewise constitutive model is established, which can accurately predict the machining properties of Zr-Sn-Nb alloy for nuclear power.

Cai, Guang-bo, Ya-dong Zhang, Yu-xiang Han e Jia-pei Yu. "Analyzing the Impact of Solutes on PKA Spectrum for Simulation of Neutron Induced-Radiation Damage in Zr-Based Metals". In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-82132.

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Radiation-induced damage and degradation to shielding and structure materials in nuclear reactors is one of the key limiting factors that affect the safety considerations and the lifetime. Neutron radiation damages materials mainly by exciting a number of Primary Knock-on Atom (PKAs). PKAs induce displacement cascades, causing microstructure changes and mechanical degradations in materials. Computer simulations are used to model this complex process. Knowing the PKA spectrum accurately is important because PKA spectrum and the input of computer simulation are coupled. In this work, we aim to obtain the PKA spectrum in Zr-based alloys with relatively low Zr concentration by using the Geant4 software. Some new functions were added by reprogramming in Geant4. We found that the energy spectra of PKA in Zr2Cu and Zr2Ni are mainly caused by Zr atom, and the shape of the average energy spectra are similar with pure Zr. The number of PKA distributions and the energy deposition in these two Zr-based metals are similar with pure Zr but different than those in pure Ni. These finding indicate that the metallic elements of Cu and Ni have small impact on PKA spectrum in Zr-based alloys, which illustrate that simplified simulation models are feasible when using computer for simulating. Moreover, it has great significant for the calculation of irradiation damage and the computer simulation for the process of collision cascade after one PKA is formed.

Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Zr-based alloys":

Janney, Dawn E., e Cynthia Papesch. Metallic Fuels Handbook, Part 1: Alloys Based on U-Zr, Pu-Zr, U-Pu, or U-Pu-Zr, Including Those with Minor Actinides (Np, Am, Cm), Rare-earth Elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd), and Y; and Part 2: Elements and Alloys not Based on U-Zr, Pu-Zr, U-Pu, or U-Pu-Zr. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1504934.

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Yu, J., C. Jiang e Y. Zhang. Calculations of hydrogen diffusivity in Zr-based alloys: Influence of alloying elements and effect of stress. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1376196.

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Tome, Carlos, Wei Wen e Laurent Capolungo. Mechanism-based modeling of solute strengthening: application to thermal creep in Zr alloy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1373532.

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Olson, L. N. Chemical durability and degradation mechanisms of HT9 based alloy waste forms with variable Zr content. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), ottobre 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1225177.

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Shi, Zhan. Microstructural characterization of a Zr-Ti-Ni-Mn-V-Cr based AB₂-type battery alloy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/754785.

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