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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Zeehan Current"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 4 febbraio 2022

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1

Radkhah, Ali Reza, and Soheil Eagderi. "Study on biological and ecological characteristics of mudskippers." Journal of Threatened Taxa 11, no. 7 (May 26, 2019): 13948–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4984.11.7.13948-13950.

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Due to the ecological importance of mudskippers, it is necessary to provide a comprehensive reference about these fishes. Therefore, the present work aims to introduce the current book entitled " Fishes out of Water: Biology and Ecology of Mudskippers " edited by Zeehan Jaafar and Edward O. Murdy. This book contains 15 chapters published by CRC press in 2017. Because of its valuable content, this book has become a complete reference about mudskippers. This valid reference will be useful for a wide range of students, researchers and specialists in the fields of evolution, environment, fish behavior and physiology.

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2

TAGANI, M. BAGHERI, and H. RAHIMPOUR SOLEIMANI. "SPIN-DEPENDENT BEATS CREATED BY IRRADIATION OF MICROWAVE FIELD THROUGH A QUANTUM DOT." Modern Physics Letters B 25, no. 25 (October 10, 2011): 2033–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984911027224.

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We study spin-dependent transport through a quantum dot with Zeeman split levels coupled to ferromagnetic leads and under influence of microwave irradiation. Current polarization, spin current, spin accumulation and tunneling magnetoresistance are analyzed using nonequilibrium Green's function formalism and rate equations. Spin-dependent beats in spin resolved currents are observed. The effects of magnetic field, temperature and Coulomb interaction on these beats are studied.

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3

Kudisch, Bryan, Margherita Maiuri, Luca Moretti, Maria B. Oviedo, Leon Wang, Daniel G. Oblinsky, Robert K. Prud’homme, Bryan M. Wong, Stephen A. McGill, and Gregory D. Scholes. "Ring currents modulate optoelectronic properties of aromatic chromophores at 25 T." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 21 (May 8, 2020): 11289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918148117.

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The properties of organic molecules can be influenced by magnetic fields, and these magnetic field effects are diverse. They range from inducing nuclear Zeeman splitting for structural determination in NMR spectroscopy to polaron Zeeman splitting organic spintronics and organic magnetoresistance. A pervasive magnetic field effect on an aromatic molecule is the aromatic ring current, which can be thought of as an induction of a circular current of π-electrons upon the application of a magnetic field perpendicular to the π-system of the molecule. While in NMR spectroscopy the effects of ring currents on the chemical shifts of nearby protons are relatively well understood, and even predictable, the consequences of these modified electronic states on the spectroscopy of molecules has remained unknown. In this work, we find that photophysical properties of model phthalocyanine compounds and their aggregates display clear magnetic field dependences up to 25 T, with the aggregates showing more drastic magnetic field sensitivities depending on the intermolecular interactions with the amplification of ring currents in stacked aggregates. These observations are consistent with ring currents measured in NMR spectroscopy and simulated in time-dependent density functional theory calculations of magnetic field-dependent phthalocyanine monomer and dimer absorption spectra. We propose that ring currents in organic semiconductors, which commonly comprise aromatic moieties, may present new opportunities for the understanding and exploitation of combined optical, electronic, and magnetic properties.

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4

Scheid, Matthias, Michael Wimmer, Dario Bercioux, and Klaus Richter. "Zeeman ratchets for ballistic spin currents." physica status solidi (c) 3, no. 12 (December 2006): 4235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.200672835.

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5

ZHAO, HONG-KANG. "THERMAL NOISE OF DC JOSEPHSON CURRENT IN A SUPERCONDUCTOR-QUANTUM-DOT-SUPERCONDUCTOR SYSTEM." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 23 (September 10, 2002): 3503–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202011536.

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The thermal noise of DC Josephson current in the superconducting leads coupled with a quantum dot system is investigated, and the general thermal current noise formula is derived in the presence of Zeeman field. The resonant structure versus gate voltage and Zeeman energy are displayed. Novel structures associated with the bound state and normal energy state are obtained. As the temperature is low, the Andreev reflection plays an important role in thermal noise and this provides new channels for electron to tunnel. However, if the temperature is high enough, the thermal noise due to Andreev reflection is trivial compared with the normal transport one. The thermal noise versus phase difference is also given to exhibit the temperature dependence. The Fano factor versus phase is much larger than 1 if the temperature is nonzero.

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6

Van der Westhuysen, Andre Jaco. "IMPROVED MODELLING OF WAVE-CURRENT INTERACTION IN SWAN." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 31, 2011): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.waves.45.

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Recent hindcast studies in the Amelander Zeegat tidal inlet in the Dutch Wadden Sea have shown the significant influence of currents on the prediction of wave fields by the spectral wave model SWAN. In following current, observations are typically well reproduced, but under strong opposing current, wave heights are significantly overestimated. Ris and Holthuijsen (1996) propose that such overestimations are due to insufficient steepness dissipation of waves on an opposing current gradient. The present paper presents a new formulation for the enhanced dissipation of waves on a counter current gradient which is scaled with the degree of Doppler shifting, and hence steepness increase, due to the current. This expression contains one additional unknown parameter, which is calibrated using laboratory observations. This formulation is suitable for both mature wave fields and young wind sea conditions. Application of this enhanced dissipation term to a data set of Amelander Zeegat field cases shows an improvement for opposing current situations in the tidal channel. For following current, no significant deterioration of results is found. In particular, the results for the young wind sea on the tidal flats are not significantly affected, unlike with the Ris and Holthuijsen (1996) expression.

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7

Xiao, Mufei, and Armando Reyes-Serrato. "Analytic Aharonov–Bohm rings — Currents readout from Zeeman spectrum." International Journal of Modern Physics B 30, no. 18 (July 11, 2016): 1650106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921650106x.

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This paper reports the work on the development and analysis of a model for quantum rings in which persistent currents are induced by Aharonov–Bohm (AB) or other similar effects. The model is based on a centric and annual potential profile. The time-independent Schrödinger equation including an external magnetic field and an AB flux is analytically solved. The outputs, namely energy dispersion and wavefunctions, are analyzed in detail. It is shown that the rotation quantum number [Formula: see text] is limited to small numbers, especially in weak confinement, and a conceptual proposal is put forward for acquiring the flux and eventually estimating the persistent currents in a Zeeman spectroscopy. The wavefunctions and electron distributions are numerically studied and compared to one-dimensional (1D) quantum well. It is predicated that the model and its solutions, eigen energy structure and analytic wavefunctions, would be a powerful tool for studying various electric and optical properties of quantum rings.

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8

Huang, Bor-Luen, and S.-K. Yip. "Current response of a topological insulator to a static Zeeman field." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 28, no. 2 (December 18, 2015): 026002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/28/2/026002.

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9

Tie-Zheng, Guo, and Roger Stephens. "Behavior of Zeeman corrected atomic fluorescence at high source currents." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 1, no. 5 (1986): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ja9860100355.

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10

Kuramoto, H., K. Toi, N. Hiraki, K. Sato, J. Xu, A. Ejiri, K. Narihara, et al. "Study of toroidal current penetration during current ramp in JIPP T-IIU with fast response Zeeman polarimeter." Nuclear Fusion 38, no. 1 (January 1998): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/38/1/305.

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11

Emamipour, Hamidreza. "Spin-polarized current in Zeeman-split d-wave superconductor/quantum wire junctions." Solid State Communications 236 (June 2016): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2016.03.012.

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12

Hedin, Eric R., and Yong S. Joe. "Spin polarized current from multiply-coupled rings with Zeeman-split quantum dots." Journal of Applied Physics 115, no. 11 (March 21, 2014): 113701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4868545.

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13

Jing-Biao, Chen, Wang Feng-Zhi, Yang Dong-Hai, and Wang Yi-Qiu. "Alternating Current Zeeman and Stark Interference Effect in Ramsey Separated Oscillating Fields." Chinese Physics Letters 18, no. 2 (February 2001): 202–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/18/2/316.

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14

Bommier, Véronique, Egidio Landi Degl'Innocenti, Brigitte Schmieder та Bernard Gelly. "Vector magnetic field and vector current density in and around the δ-spot NOAA 10808". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, S273 (серпень 2010): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311015493.

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AbstractThe context is that of the so-called “fundamental ambiguity” (also azimuth ambiguity, or 180° ambiguity) in magnetic field vector measurements: two field vectors symmetrical with respect to the line-of-sight have the same polarimetric signature, so that they cannot be discriminated. We propose a method to solve this ambiguity by applying the “simulated annealing” algorithm to the minimization of the field divergence, added to the longitudinal current absolute value, the line-of-sight derivative of the magnetic field being inferred by the interpretation of the Zeeman effect observed by spectropolarimetry in two lines formed at different depths. We find that the line pair Fe I λ 6301.5 and Fe I λ 6302.5 is appropriate for this purpose. We treat the example case of the δ-spot of NOAA 10808 observed on 13 September 2005 between 14:25 and 15:25 UT with the THEMIS telescope. Besides the magnetic field resolved map, the electric current density vector map is also obtained. A strong horizontal current density flow is found surrounding each spot inside its penumbra, associated to a non-zero Lorentz force centripetal with respect to the spot center (i.e., oriented towards the spot center). The current wrapping direction is found to depend on the spot polarity: clockwise for the positive polarity, counterclockwise for the negative one. This analysis is made possible thanks to the UNNOFIT2 Milne-Eddington inversion code, where the usual theory is generalized to the case of a line (Fe I λ 6301.5) that is not a normal Zeeman triplet line (like Fe I λ 6302.5).

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15

Kimura, Takashi, Kazuhiko Kuroki, and Hideo Aoki. "Generation of spin-polarized currents in Zeeman-split Tomonaga-Luttinger models." Physical Review B 53, no. 15 (April 15, 1996): 9572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.53.9572.

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16

Zhou, Yun Qing, Jian Ming Yao, Ling Min Kong, and Rui Wang. "Controllable Spin-Polarization of Electronic Transport through a Magnetic Quantum Dot in the Influence of Microwave Field." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.466.

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The evolution operator method is applied to studying the time-dependent and spin-related electron transport through a magnetic quantum dot coupled to two normal-metal leads. When the microwave field is applied on quantum dot there are additional peaks of PAT current besides the main peak of resonant tunneling current, and the energy distance between peaks relate to the frequency of microwave fields. Furthermore, owe to the spin non-degeneration in the magnetic quantum dot, the spin-up and spin-down current peaks are separated, and the separated distance depends on Zeeman energy. These effects allow us to propose a scheme to control the magnitude and spin polarization of current.

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17

Reid, Mark J. "The Magnetic Field of the Milky Way." Highlights of Astronomy 12 (2002): 716–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600014751.

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AbstractModels of the magnetic field configuration of the Milky Way are reviewed. Current analyses of rotation measure data suggest that the Milky Way possesses a bisymmetric-like spiral magnetic field, that field reversals among spiral arms exist, and that the magnetic spiral may not closely match the mass spiral structure. Zeeman measurements of OH masers may provide alternative magnetic field information.

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18

Yan-Hua, Liao, Dong Zheng-Chao, Yin Zai-Feng, and Fu Hao. "Zeeman effects on Josephson current in d-wave superconductor/d-wave superconductor junctions." Chinese Physics B 17, no. 5 (May 2008): 1893–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/17/5/058.

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19

Jun-Hai, Zhang, Wang Feng-Zhi, and Yang Dong-Hai. "Experimental Test of Alternating-Current Zeeman Interference Effect in Ramsey Separated Oscillating Fields." Chinese Physics Letters 21, no. 7 (July 2004): 1255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/21/7/019.

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20

Zhao, Hong-Kang. "DC Josephson current with Zeeman splitting in a superconductor–quantum-dot–superconductor system." Physics Letters A 272, no. 3 (July 2000): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(00)00414-x.

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21

West, W. P., and D. M. Thomas. "Poloidal magnetic field measurements on TEXT using the Zeeman current profile diagnostic (abstract)." Review of Scientific Instruments 56, no. 5 (May 1985): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138225.

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22

Oikari, Risto, Ville Häyrinen, Rolf Hernberg, and Lauri Kettunen. "Application of Zeeman background correction to direct current plasma excited atomic absorption spectroscopy." J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 17, no. 10 (2002): 1421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b203950h.

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23

Qian, Tie-Zheng, Ya-Sha Yi, and Zhao-Bin Su. "Persistent currents from the competition between Zeeman coupling and spin-orbit interaction." Physical Review B 55, no. 7 (February 15, 1997): 4065–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.55.4065.

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24

ZHANG, FU-CHUN, and SHUN-QING SHEN. "THEORY OF RESONANT SPIN HALL EFFECT." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 01n02 (January 20, 2008): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208046104.

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A brief review is presented on the resonant spin Hall effect, where a tiny external electric field induces a saturated spin Hall current in a 2-dimensional electron or hole gas in a perpendicular magnetic field. The phenomenon is attributed to the energy level crossing associated with the spin-orbit coupling and the Zeeman splitting. We summarize recent theoretical development of the effect in various systems and discuss possible experiments to observe the effect.

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25

Scheid, Matthias, Dario Bercioux, and Klaus Richter. "Zeeman ratchets: pure spin current generation in mesoscopic conductors with non-uniform magnetic fields." New Journal of Physics 9, no. 11 (November 6, 2007): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/9/11/401.

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26

Steeghs, Danny, and Keith Horne. "Spectropolarimetry of CV’s; Signatures of Magnetic Fields in Accretion Flows." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 163 (1997): 418–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100042962.

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AbstractWe present preliminary results of spectropolarimetric observations of several cataclysmic variables using the ISIS spectropolarimeter on the 4.2m William Hershell Telescope at La Palma. Our aim is to look for Zeeman signatures of magnetic fields in cataclysmic variables. This would provide a direct measurement of magnetic fields in the accretion flows of CVs. Our current dataset allows us to set upper limits to the presence of magnetic fields and constrain the field geometry in different types of cataclysmic variables.

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27

Zhou, Chihua, Xiaotong Lu, Benquan Lu, Yebing Wang, and Hong Chang. "Demonstration of the Systematic Evaluation of an Optical Lattice Clock Using the Drift-Insensitive Self-Comparison Method." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031206.

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The self-comparison method is a powerful tool in the uncertainty evaluation of optical lattice clocks, but any drifts will cause a frequency offset between the two compared clock loops and thus lead to incorrect measurement result. We propose a drift-insensitive self-comparison method to remove this frequency offset by adjusting the clock detection sequence. We also experimentally demonstrate the validity of this method in a one-dimensional 87Sr optical lattice clock. As the clock laser frequency drift exists, the measured frequency difference between two identical clock loops is (240 ± 34) mHz using the traditional self-comparison method, while it is (−15 ± 16) mHz using the drift-insensitive self-comparison method, indicating that this frequency offset is cancelled within current measurement precision. We further use the drift-insensitive self-comparison technique to measure the collisional shift and the second-order Zeeman shift of our clock and the results show that the fractional collisional shift and the second-order Zeeman shift are 4.54(28) × 10−16 and 5.06(3) × 10−17, respectively.

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28

Ning, Xu, Ding Jian-Wen, Ma Ming-Ming, and Tang Xian. "Curvature and Zeeman effects on persistent currents in a multi-walled carbon nanotorus." Chinese Physics B 19, no. 1 (January 2010): 016101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/19/1/016101.

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29

Kamiya, K., T. Fujita, A. Kojima, and H. Kubo. "Zeeman polarimetry measurement for edge current density determination using Li-beam probe on JT-60U." Review of Scientific Instruments 81, no. 3 (March 2010): 033502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3309793.

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30

Stolze, M., and D. H. Sutter. "The Rotational Zeeman Effect of Pyrazole and Imidazole." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 42, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1987-0109.

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The rotational Zeeman effect of the most abundant isotopic species of pyrazole and of imidazole has been studied under Δ M= 0 and Δ M = ± 1 selection rules. With field close to 1.9 Tesla, the nuclear Zeeman effect uncouples the rotational angular momentum and the spins of the two nonequivalent 14N quadrupole nuclei. The observed g-tensor elements are gaa = - 0.07498(14), gbb = - 0.12531(13), and gcc = 0.06346(12) for pyrazole and gaa = - 0.09339(16), gbb = - 0.10444(14), and gcc= 0.06051(15) for imidazole. The values for the magnetic susceptibility anisotropies in units of 10-6 erg/(G2 mol) are 2Xaa - Xbb - Xcc = 39.53(24) and 2Xbb - Xcc - Xaa = 51.20(21) for pyrazole and 2xaa - Xbb - Xcc = 45.76(31) and 2Xbb - Xcc - Xaa = 42.19(41) for imidazole. (Given uncertainties are single standard deviations of the fit.) The so-called nonlocal (π-ring current) contributions to the out of plane components of the susceptibility tensor Xccnonlocal, derived as differences between the observed susceptibilities and values calculated from additivity rules for local atom susceptibilities, are compared to those derived earlier for other aromatic five membered ring molecules.

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31

Vogel, N., and B. Juttner. "Measurements of the current density in arc cathode spots from the Zeeman splitting of emission lines." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 24, no. 6 (June 14, 1991): 922–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/24/6/017.

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Samokhvalov, A. V., A. A. Kopasov, A. G. Kutlin, S. V. Mironov, A. I. Buzdin, and A. S. Mel’nikov. "Spontaneous Currents and Topologically Protected States in Superconducting Hybrid Structures with the Spin–Orbit Coupling (Brief Review)." JETP Letters 113, no. 1 (January 2021): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0021364021010070.

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The results of recent theoretical studies of features of superconducting states in hybrid structures whose properties are significantly determined by the spin–orbit effects have been reported. The two main phenomena appearing in such systems in the presence of additional spin splitting caused either by the Zeeman effect in a magnetic field or by the exchange field: (i) the generation of spontaneous currents and (ii) the appearance of topologically nontrivial superconducting phases. It has been shown that the spin–orbit coupling can be a key mechanism that allows implementing new inhomogeneous phase structures, in particular, the so-called “phase batteries.” The effect of geometric factors on the properties of topologically nontrivial superconducting states has been analyzed. New types of topological transitions in vortex states of Majorana wires have been proposed.

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Oikari, Risto, Ville Häyrinen, Tomi Parviainen, and Rolf Hernberg. "Continuous Monitoring of Toxic Metals in Gas Flows Using Direct-Current Plasma Excited Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 55, no. 11 (November 2001): 1469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702011953883.

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A measurement apparatus employing direct current (dc) plasma excited atomic absorption spectroscopy was developed and demonstrated for continuous measurement of toxic metals in process gases. Process gas is continuously sampled along a heated sample line. Metal compounds contained in the gas are thermally decomposed by mixing the gas with a plasma jet produced with a dc nitrogen plasma torch. Transmission of monochromatic light is measured through the gas jet, and absorbance caused by metal atoms is distinguished from the background by means of the Zeeman effect. The metal concentration in the sample gas is calculated from the measured absorbance with the known dilution and decomposition factors taken into account. The detection limits of the current prototype are 0.04 mg/m3 for cadmium and 0.4 mg/m3 for lead. The measurement accuracy is better than 20%, and the maximum measurement rate is about 100 values per minute. The instrument was designed to withstand wet, corrosive, and particulate-laden flue gases at temperatures up to 1100 °C. The instrument can also be used, after minor modification, for measurements at pressurized conditions. The performance of the instrument was demonstrated in connection with a real fluidized bed combustor.

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Groeneweg, Jacco, Joost Beckers, and Caroline Gautier. "A PROBABILISTIC MODEL FOR THE DETERMINATION OF HYDRAULIC BOUNDARY CONDITIONS IN A DYNAMIC COASTAL SYSTEM." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 21, 2011): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.waves.38.

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In 2011 new Hydraulic Boundary Conditions must be established for the statutory assessment of flood protection in the Wadden Sea area, which is a complex tidal system in the northern part of the Netherlands. The aim is to base these normative wave conditions on the wave simulation model SWAN and the probabilistic method Hydra-K, to be consistent with other systems as the Holland Coast and the Zeeland Delta. Assumptions made for the latter water systems, like steady state wind forcing, uniform water levels and neglect of currents, are not valid in the tidal basin of the Wadden Sea. A schematic temporal variation of both wind direction and wind speed is applied to define wind fields that drive the hydrodynamic computations. Both wind fields and resulting water level and current fields form the input of SWAN computations for a large number of combinations of basic wind speed and wind direction, offshore surge level and phase difference between tide and maximum wind speed. The result is a large database of SWAN results that is used as a look-up table in Hydra-K to transform the offshore statistics to the load on the primary sea defenses. In general the more advanced method leads to wave heights that are up to 10% lower and wave periods that are 10-20% smaller than those obtained with the method that is presently applied for the Holland Coast and the Zeeland Delta. These differences can be ascribed to the inclusion of currents and positive shoreward tilt in water level. The inclusion of relevant physics in the hydrodynamic computations increases the accuracy of the resulting HBC. Therefore, the more advanced method will be applied to determine the HBC for 2011.

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Cayao, Jorge, Annica M. Black-Schaffer, Elsa Prada, and Ramón Aguado. "Andreev spectrum and supercurrents in nanowire-based SNS junctions containing Majorana bound states." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (May 3, 2018): 1339–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.127.

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Hybrid superconductor–semiconductor nanowires with Rashba spin–orbit coupling are arguably becoming the leading platform for the search of Majorana bound states (MBSs) in engineered topological superconductors. We perform a systematic numerical study of the low-energy Andreev spectrum and supercurrents in short and long superconductor–normal–superconductor junctions made of nanowires with strong Rashba spin–orbit coupling, where an external Zeeman field is applied perpendicular to the spin–orbit axis. In particular, we investigate the detailed evolution of the Andreev bound states from the trivial into the topological phase and their relation with the emergence of MBSs. Due to the finite length, the system hosts four MBSs, two at the inner part of the junction and two at the outer one. They hybridize and give rise to a finite energy splitting at a superconducting phase difference of π, a well-visible effect that can be traced back to the evolution of the energy spectrum with the Zeeman field: from the trivial phase with Andreev bound states into the topological phase with MBSs. Similarly, we carry out a detailed study of supercurrents for short and long junctions from the trivial to the topological phases. The supercurrent, calculated from the Andreev spectrum, is 2π-periodic in the trivial and topological phases. In the latter it exhibits a clear sawtooth profile at a phase difference of π when the energy splitting is negligible, signalling a strong dependence of current–phase curves on the length of the superconducting regions. Effects of temperature, scalar disorder and reduction of normal transmission on supercurrents are also discussed. Further, we identify the individual contribution of MBSs. In short junctions the MBSs determine the current–phase curves, while in long junctions the spectrum above the gap (quasi-continuum) introduces an important contribution.

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Haque, Mohammad, and H. Ansari. "Anti-Obesity Effect of Arq Zeera and Its Main Components Thymol and Cuminaldehyde in High Fat Diet Induced Obese Rats." Drug Research 68, no. 11 (April 10, 2018): 637–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0590-1956.

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AbstractArq zeera is a distillate product that prepared from four different herbs namely Trachyspermum ammi L., apiaceae, Zingiber officinale Roxb., zingiberaceae, Carum carvi L.,apiaceae and Cuminum cyminum L., apiaceae. The present study aims to determine the antiobesity effect of arq zeera and its main components thymol and cuminaldehyde in high fat diet induced obese rats and to explore its mechanism of action. In current study, orlistat was used as positive controls. Male Wistar rats were fed with HFD for 42 days to induce obesity. HFD-fed rats were administered with arq zeera, thymol, cumic aldehyde, thymol + cuminaldehyde and orlistat for 28 days. During the course of treatment, body weight and food intake frequently observed and after end of treatments, liver weight, visceral fat pad weight, plasma lipid proflie, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, insulin, leptin levels and pancreatic lipase activity were studied on all treated obese rats. The histopathology of liver was also studied. After the treatments of arq zeera and its main components, body weight, food intake, liver weight, visceral fat pad weight and the level of lipid profile, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotranferase, glucose, insulin, and leptin were found to be decreased and pancreatic lipase inhibition were increased. Arq zeera showed more potential antiobesity effect than orlistat. According to our present findings, arq zeera and its main components possessed potent antiobesity effect on high fat diet -induced obese rats and excreted anti-obesity effect partly via hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, hypoinsulinemic, hypoleptinemic and pancreatic lipase inhibition action.

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37

Jacobson, Beryl E., Gillian Lockitch, and Gayle Quigley. "Improved sample preparation for accurate determination of low concentrations of lead in whole blood by graphite furnace analysis." Clinical Chemistry 37, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/37.4.515.

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Abstract The effect of low concentrations of lead on pre- and post-natal growth and development is a current concern. We describe a simple method of sample preparation for direct determination of lead in whole blood by Zeeman graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. This procedure improves analytical precision and accuracy of lead determinations at low concentrations as compared with published furnace data. At blood lead concentrations of 0.25, 1.98, and 3.76 mumol/L, within-run CVs were 3.2%, 1.8%, and 1.4% respectively; between-run CVs were 7.3%, 2.9%, and 2.2%. Accuracy, as demonstrated by analytical recovery, ranged from 99% to 102%. Our reproducibility/accuracy score in the 1989 Quebec interlaboratory comparison program was 96% compared with the target, second best of 66 participating laboratories.

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38

Zazunov, Alex, Albert Iks, Miguel Alvarado, Alfredo Levy Yeyati, and Reinhold Egger. "Josephson effect in junctions of conventional and topological superconductors." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (June 6, 2018): 1659–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.158.

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We present a theoretical analysis of the equilibrium Josephson current-phase relation in hybrid devices made of conventional s-wave spin-singlet superconductors (S) and topological superconductor (TS) wires featuring Majorana end states. Using Green’s function techniques, the topological superconductor is alternatively described by the low-energy continuum limit of a Kitaev chain or by a more microscopic spinful nanowire model. We show that for the simplest S–TS tunnel junction, only the s-wave pairing correlations in a spinful TS nanowire model can generate a Josephson effect. The critical current is much smaller in the topological regime and exhibits a kink-like dependence on the Zeeman field along the wire. When a correlated quantum dot (QD) in the magnetic regime is present in the junction region, however, the Josephson current becomes finite also in the deep topological phase as shown for the cotunneling regime and by a mean-field analysis. Remarkably, we find that the S–QD–TS setup can support φ0-junction behavior, where a finite supercurrent flows at vanishing phase difference. Finally, we also address a multi-terminal S–TS–S geometry, where the TS wire acts as tunable parity switch on the Andreev bound states in a superconducting atomic contact.

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39

Miyahira, William, Andrew P. Rotunno, ShuangLi Du, and Seth Aubin. "Microwave Atom Chip Design." Atoms 9, no. 3 (August 5, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms9030054.

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We present a toolbox of microstrip building blocks for microwave atom chips geared towards trapped atom interferometry. Transverse trapping potentials based on the AC Zeeman (ACZ) effect can be formed from the combined microwave magnetic near fields of a pair or a triplet of parallel microstrip transmission lines. Axial confinement can be provided by a microwave lattice (standing wave) along the microstrip traces. Microwave fields provide additional parameters for dynamically adjusting ACZ potentials: detuning of the applied frequency to select atomic transitions and local polarization controlled by the relative phase in multiple microwave currents. Multiple ACZ traps and potentials, operating at different frequencies, can be targeted to different spin states simultaneously, thus enabling spin-specific manipulation of atoms and spin-dependent trapped atom interferometry.

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40

MATSUDA, Y. H., K. UCHIDA, K. ONO, ZIWU JI, and S. TAKEYAMA. "DEVELOPMENT OF A PLASTIC DIAMOND ANVIL CELL FOR HIGH PRESSURE MAGNETO-PHOTOLUMINESCENCE IN PULSED HIGH MAGNETIC FIELDS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 18, no. 27n29 (November 30, 2004): 3843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979204027578.

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A diamond anvil cell (DAC) made of reinforced plastic has been developed for magneto-photoluminescence experiments in pulsed high magnetic fields. Our DAC has a standard and simple structure equipped with a stainless steel gasket. We have made magneto-photoluminescence experiments of CdTe / Cd 0.8 Mn 0.2 Te multiple quantum wells up to 41 T at 4.2 K in the pressure range 0 to 2.3 GPa. We found that the effect of the eddy current heating of the gasket can be negligible small when we use the pulsed field whose duration is a few tens of milliseconds or longer. We have also found that the exciton Zeeman shift strongly depends on the pressure, which can be a manifestation of the enhancement of the sp-d and d-d exchange interactions in the Gd 0.8 Mn 0.2 Te layer by applying high pressures.

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41

Nakhmedov, E., B. D. Suleymanli, O. Z. Alekperov, F. Tatardar, H. Mammadov, A. A. Konovko, A. M. Saletsky, Yu M. Shukrinov, K. Sengupta, and B. Tanatar. "Josephson current between two p-wave superconducting nanowires in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit interaction and Zeeman magnetic fields." Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 579 (December 2020): 1353753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2020.1353753.

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42

Jiang, Zhiyuan, Jian Wu, Daoyuan Zhang, Ziwei Chen, Zhenyu Wang, Huantong Shi, Xingwen Li, and Aici Qiu. "Measurement of magnetic field distribution produced by high-current pulse using Zeeman splitting of Na emission distributed by laser ablation." Review of Scientific Instruments 92, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 093502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0048319.

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43

Chanapote, T., K. Asanok, R. Dodson, M. Rioja, J. A. Green, and B. Hutawarakorn Kramer. "LBA high resolution observations of ground- and excited-state OH masers towards G351.417+0.645." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S336 (September 2017): 329–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317011425.

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AbstractWe present the results from the Australian Long Baseline Array (LBA) observations of the ground- and excited-state OH masers at high resolutions towards the massive star-forming region G351.417+0.645 in 2012. We obtain the most accurate spatial gradient of magnetic fields at ground state transitions and verify the reliability of magnetic field strengths measured from previous lower resolution observations. In comparison with previous LBA observations in 2001 at 6.0 GHz, we identified several matched Zeeman pairs. We found that the OH maser features have no significant change of magnetic field strengths and directions with small internal proper motions, implying quite stable physical conditions. Additionally, we found that 1665- and 6035-MHz OH maser features reveal the same trend of reversal of magnetic fields. Moreover, we also analyzed the physical conditions at different locations from the coincidence of different OH maser transitions based on current OH maser models.

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44

Juvela, M. "Radiative Transfer in Molecular Clouds." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, S270 (May 2010): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311000780.

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AbstractInformation of astronomical objects is obtained mainly through their radiation. Thus, the radiative transfer problem has a central role in all astrophysical research. Basic radiative transfer analysis or more complex modeling is needed both to interpret observations and to make predictions on the basis of numerical models. In this paper I will discuss radiative transfer in the context of interstellar molecular clouds where the main scientific questions involve the structure and evolution of the clouds and the star formation process. The studies rely on the analysis of spectral line and dust continuum observations. After a discussion of the corresponding radiative transfer methods, I will examine some of the current challenges in the field. Finally, I will present three studies where radiative transfer modeling pays a central role: the polarized dust emission, the Zeeman effect in emission lines, and the continuum emission from dense cloud cores.

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45

Wolf, M. J., F. Hübler, S. Kolenda, and D. Beckmann. "Charge and spin transport in mesoscopic superconductors." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 5 (February 17, 2014): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.18.

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Background: Non-equilibrium charge transport in superconductors has been investigated intensely in the 1970s and 1980s, mostly in the vicinity of the critical temperature. Much less attention has been paid to low temperatures and the role of the quasiparticle spin. Results: We report here on nonlocal transport in superconductor hybrid structures at very low temperatures. By comparing the nonlocal conductance obtained by using ferromagnetic and normal-metal detectors, we discriminate charge and spin degrees of freedom. We observe spin injection and long-range transport of pure, chargeless spin currents in the regime of large Zeeman splitting. We elucidate charge and spin transport by comparison to theoretical models. Conclusion: The observed long-range chargeless spin transport opens a new path to manipulate and utilize the quasiparticle spin in superconductor nanostructures.

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46

Moskalets, M. V. "The influence of spin–orbit interaction and Zeeman effect on the persistent current in a one-dimensional ring of correlated electrons." Physica B: Condensed Matter 291, no. 3-4 (September 2000): 350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(99)02288-7.

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47

Radovanović, J., V. Milanović, Z. Ikonić, and D. Indjin. "Optimization of Semimagnetic Semiconductor-Based Nanostructures for Spintronic Applications." Materials Science Forum 518 (July 2006): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.518.35.

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We have analyzed the spin-filtering effects of the electron current in asymmetric ZnSe/Zn1-xMnxSe multilayer structures, under the influence of both an external magnetic field and a bias voltage. In this type of semiconductor systems, conduction band electrons interact with 3d electrons of the magnetic Mn2+ ions. Because of this sp-d exchange interaction, an external magnetic field modulates the effective potential profile seen by spin-up and spin-down electrons, giving rise to a large Zeeman effect. It is found that the degree of spin polarization changes significantly when the electrical bias is switched from forward to reverse, thus the proposed structure displays obvious behavior of spin-filter diode. This originates from the effective “lifting” of the potential for spin-up electrons, which tunnel through actual potential barriers. Structural parameters optimization, with the goal of maximizing the spin-filtering coefficient, was performed by using simulated annealing algorithm. The described effect may be important for designing new tunable spin-based multifunctional semiconductor devices.

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48

Beuermann, K., V. Burwitz, K. Reinsch, A. Schwope, and H. C. Thomas. "Neglected X-ray discovered polars." Astronomy & Astrophysics 634 (February 2020): A91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936626.

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We report on the X-ray observations of the eclipsing polar HY Eri (RX J0501–0359), along with its photometric, spectrophotometric, and spectropolarimetric optical variations, collected over 30 years. With an orbital period of 2.855 h, HY Eri falls near the upper edge of the 2–3 h period gap. After 2011, the system went into a prolonged low state, continuing to accrete at a low level. We present an accurate alias-free long-term orbital ephemeris and report a highly significant period change by 10 ms that took place over the time interval from 2011 to 2018. We acquired a high-quality eclipse spectrum that shows the secondary star as a dM5–6 dwarf at a distance d = 1050 ± 110 pc. Based on phase-resolved cyclotron and Zeeman spectroscopy, we identify the white dwarf (WD) in HY Eri as a two-pole accretor with nearly opposite accretion spots of 28 and 30 MG. The Zeeman analysis of the low state spectrum reveals a complex magnetic field structure, which we fit by a multipole model. We detected narrow emission lines from the irradiated face of the secondary star, of which Mg Iλ5170 with a radial velocity amplitude of K′2 = 139 ± 10 km s−1 (90% confidence) tracks the secondary more reliably than the narrow Hα line. Based on the combined dynamical analysis and spectroscopic measurement of the angular radius of the WD, we obtain a primary mass of M1 = 0.42 ± 0.05 M⊙ (90% confidence errors), identifying it as a probable He WD or hybrid HeCO WD. The secondary is a main sequence star of M2 = 0.24 ± 0.04 M⊙ that seems to be slightly inflated. The large distance of HY Eri and the lack of similar systems suggest a very low space density of polars with low-mass primary. According to current theory, these systems are destroyed by induced runaway mass transfer, suggesting that HY Eri may be doomed to destruction. Over the last 30 years, HY Eri experienced high and low states with mass transfer rates that differed by three orders of magnitude, varying between Ṁ ≃ 10−9 M⊙ yr−1 and 10−12 M⊙ yr−1. At a galactic latitude of −26.1°, it is located about 500 pc below the galactic plane.

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49

Zhao, L. B. "Absorption spectra from the n = 3 manifold states of Li atoms in magnetic fields of white dwarfs." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 504, no. 4 (May 7, 2021): 5954–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1271.

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ABSTRACT The two-dimensional B-spline approach recently developed has been applied to calculations of absorption spectra from the n = 3 manifold states of Li atoms in magnetic fields of white dwarfs. A total of 28 magnetized atomic states of five symmetries, 20±, 2(− 1)±, and 2(− 2)+, for this atomic system are involved in the current calculations. Wavelengths and oscillator strengths are presented for 60 transitions as a function of magnetic fields ranging from 2.35 to 2350 MG, typical of magnetic white dwarfs. Zeeman spectral lines of all these transitions lie in the region of ultraviolet, visible light, and infrared except for the six transitions, in which energy levels of the initial and final states are inversed at some magnetic field strength. Our results in the field-free case are compared to available data in the literature. Excellent agreement is observed between our spectral data and those from the NIST data base as well as the other theoretical calculations in the field-free case. The present spectral data are applicable to modelling discrete atomic spectral lines in the magnetic white dwarf atmospheres with lithium included.

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50

Schmitt, Norbert, Tom Cobb, Marlise Horst, and Diane Schmitt. "How much vocabulary is needed to use English? Replication of van Zeeland & Schmitt (2012), Nation (2006) and Cobb (2007)." Language Teaching 50, no. 2 (March 2, 2015): 212–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444815000075.

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There is current research consensus that second language (L2) learners are able to adequately comprehend general English written texts if they know 98% of the words that occur in the materials. This important finding prompts an important question: How much English vocabulary do English as a second language (ESL) learners need to know to achieve this crucial level of known-word coverage? A landmark paper by Nation (2006) provides a rather daunting answer. His exploration of the 98% figure through a variety of spoken and written corpora showed that knowledge of around 8,000–9,000 word families is needed for reading and 6,000–7,000 for listening. But is this the definitive picture? A recent study by van Zeeland & Schmitt (2012) suggests that 95% coverage may be sufficient for listening comprehension, and that this can be reached with 2,000–3,000 word families, which is much more manageable. Getting these figures right for a variety of text modalities, genres and conditions of reading and listening is essential. Teachers and learners need to be able to set goals, and as Cobb's study of learning opportunities (2007) has shown, coverage percentages and their associated vocabulary knowledge requirements have important implications for the acquisition of new word knowledge through exposure to comprehensible L2 input. This article proposes approximate replications of Nation (2006), van Zeeland & Schmitt (2012), and Cobb (2007), in order to clarify these key coverage and size figures.

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