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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Young offenders"

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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 31 luglio 2024

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1

Carl, Lena C., Martin Schmucker e Friedrich Lösel. "Predicting Attrition and Engagement in the Treatment of Young Offenders". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 64, n. 4 (27 settembre 2019): 355–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x19877593.

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Premature treatment termination in offender treatment is linked to negative consequences for clients, practitioners, and the criminal justice system. Therefore, identifying predictors of treatment attrition is a crucial issue in offender rehabilitation. Most studies on this topic focus on adult offenders; less is known about adolescent offenders. In our study, therapy attrition and engagement were predicted via logistic and linear regression to examine the link between pretreatment variables, engagement, and treatment failure in 161 young offenders treated in a social-therapeutic unit in Germany. Engagement could be predicted by motivation, disruptive childhood behavior, low aggressiveness, and higher age. In turn, low motivation, substance abuse, and young age predicted attrition, but their impact diminished when engagement was added to the model with only substance abuse remaining significant. The effect of substance abuse on attrition disappeared, when the offender’s initial motivation was high. Implications for assessment and treatment planning are discussed.

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2

Maxey, William Edward, Sri Setiawati e Zainal Arifin. "Young Offender Resistance Towards State hegemonic Practices: Case Study of “LPKA Belantara”". Jurnal Antropologi: Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya 24, n. 1 (5 giugno 2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jantro.v24.n1.p34-41.2022.

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The purpose of this article is to describe the resistance of young offenders toward hegemonic practices of the State. Following qualitative research practices with a descriptive design, this article employs the concept of habitus to analyze the nexus of actor and agency within the field of Belantara Young Offender Institution and the processes formed from resistance within the space. The findings show that young offenders attempt to resist the State’s control as they thwart the goals and values of the dominant power. The resistance of young offenders within Belantara Young Offender Institution consists of control of space, shaping discourse, rule-breaking, open defiance, conformity, and foot-dragging. Due to the imbalance of power between young offenders as a subaltern group and the staff at Belantara Young Offender Institution as the dominant group, the young offenders resist primarily through the hidden transcript. The data show a cycle of hegemony and resistance maintained by both groups which form a set of resistance. The research suggests the State reassess whether young offender institutions are the best place for young offenders as the cycle of hegemony and resistance creates a setting that cannot adequately rehabilitate.

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3

Paulina Wiktorska. "Młodociani w świetle prawa i badań kryminologicznych". Archives of Criminology, n. XXXIV (1 gennaio 2012): 135–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak2012d.

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The article discusses the problem of young adult offenders in the light of provisions of current Polish criminal law and of criminological studies on this category of convicts over the years. Polish criminal code of 1997 in the article 115 paragraph 10 defines a young adult offender as a person 21 years old who commits a crime or a person under 24 years who is tried in a court of first instance. Two basic issues are involved in the notion of a young adult offender. First the age limits of the subject, second the character of penal measures to be used towards this particular category of offenders. Both issues are discussed at length in the article, particularly with respect to the fact that criminal law makes use of scientific findings from sociology, psychology and medicine to create normative regulations concerning conditions of liability of young adult offenders for their unlawful acts. As an example, one may discuss particular normative directives of the sentence provided for a young adult offenders as the court is obliged to, most of all, educate and resocialise. Educational and resocialisation aspect of the punishment does not mean that young adult offender are treated leniently, sometimes it may indicate a longer time of resocialisation and, at the same time, a longer imprisonment sentence to execute this objective . While sentencing a young adult offender, the court should decide in such a manner so that the liability of the accused is directed more into educational model than repressive one, yet this does not denote resignation from administering the penalty of unconditional imprisonment. Still, it needs to be admitted that in the Polish legal system there are few concrete provisions of law which define in detail how a young offenders should be treated which, according to the author, is somehow concerning. There are significant differences in criminal execution law. First, as a rule, young adult offenders should be imprisoned separately from adult ones. This is understandable because of susceptibility of young people to influence and pressure from adults. Moreover, young adult offenders are subject to system of programmed educational and resocialisation measures during imprisonment, which on one hand seems right, on the other evokes a series of questions and reservations. Discussion of normative situation of young adult offender are illustrated with selected criminological studies carried out so far concerning this category of offenders. Reported results of research show that young adult offenders have typical features characteristic for the whole group. Information on dysfunctional families and alcohol problems are always present. It is accompanied by low education level of their parents and their unemployment. Problems in the behavior of such offenders appear already in kindergarten age and increase during school education while the education process itself leaves a lot to be desired.

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4

Champion, Helen, e Linda Clare. "Moving on from Young Offender Institutions: Young offenders’ adjustment to release". Educational and Child Psychology 23, n. 2 (2006): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2006.23.2.87.

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The challenge of coping with the transition of release from prison is likely to affect the mental health and well-being of young offenders. The current study aimed to investigate the expectations and experiences of young male offenders adjusting to release from custody in young offender institutions (YOIs), through semi-structured interviews exploring participants’ perceptions shortly prior and approximately two months subsequent to release. Qualitative analysis identified four overarching themes which appeared to characterise young offenders’ perceptions in relation to the process of adjusting to release: ‘reflecting and re-evaluating’, ‘reconnecting’, ‘changing’ and ‘locating the experience’. The findings, discussed in relation to literature pertaining to both offending and mental health, may have implications for criminal justice practice in YOIs and Youth Offending Teams.

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5

Ilacqua, Giorgio E., Grant E. Coulson, Diana Lombardo e Verna Nutbrown. "Predictive Validity of the Young Offender Level of Service Inventory for Criminal Recidivism of Male and Female Young Offenders". Psychological Reports 84, n. 3_suppl (giugno 1999): 1214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.3c.1214.

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164 male and female young offenders were given the Young Offender Level of Service Inventory. Scores from this 76-item risk assessment were used to produce a matched sample of 82 female and 82 male young offenders. Sex did not influence the 1-yr. criminal recidivism rate, a result consistent with other findings.

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6

Ortega-Campos, Elena, Juan García-García, Leticia De la Fuente-Sánchez e Flor Zaldívar-Basurto. "Assessing the Interactions between Strengths and Risk Factors of Recidivism through the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY)". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n. 6 (23 marzo 2020): 2112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062112.

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Instruments that assess recidivism risk in young people are used widely in the sphere of juvenile justice worldwide. Traditionally, research has focused on the study of risk factors presented by young offenders, and how these relate to criminal recidivism. In present-day research, protective factors have also come into their own, having proven to encourage non-recidivism in young offenders. This paper presents a study carried out with 594 young offenders. The instrument used for assessing risk of recidivism in young offenders was the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY). In the results found here, one can observe how the young offenders who did not reoffend presented a greater level of protective factors than the repeating offenders. The youths with a prior arrest record scored higher in the risk domains than the reoffenders without a prior arrest record. The case of young repeat offenders who already had an arrest record represents a high-risk profile, or a profile of a criminal career. Crimes committed by young people can be isolated incidents in their life. In most youths, criminal behavior does not persist beyond legal age. Protective factors prove to be important in juvenile justice when planning an individualized intervention for the young offender.

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7

Hodgkin, Rachel. "Young Offenders". Children & Society 7, n. 3 (18 dicembre 2007): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-0860.1993.tb00408.x.

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8

Benu, Juliana Marlin Y., Rizky Pradita Manafe e Engelina Nabuasa. "Beta Rasa: Emotion Regulation Program to Reduce Young Offenders Anxiety in LPKA Kupang". Gadjah Mada Journal of Professional Psychology (GamaJPP) 7, n. 1 (31 maggio 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamajpp.58623.

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. Anxiety is one of the emotional problems experienced by young offenders in LPKA (Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak/Juvenile Detention Center) Kupang and this condition has a negative impact on their rehabilitation process. The condition requires psychological intervention. This research aimed to understand the impact of the Beta Rasa Program in reducing anxiety. Beta Rasa Program focuses on improving young offender’s emotional regulation ability. This research was a quasi-experiment with one group pretest-posttest design. In total, there were 20 young offenders participating in this program for 4 sessions. Paired sample t-test was used to analyze data in this research. Young offender’s anxiety was measured by Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The research showed a significant decrease in young offenders’ anxiety (t = 2.116, p = 0.02) after they joined Beta Rasa Program. The effect size of this program was 0.41. The result indicates that Beta Rasa Program has a moderate effect to reduce anxiety.

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9

Newbury, Alex. "‘I Would Have Been Able to Hear What They Think’: Tensions in Achieving Restorative Outcomes in the English Youth Justice System". Youth Justice 11, n. 3 (30 novembre 2011): 250–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473225411420531.

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This article presents findings from in-depth, semi-structured interviews with young offenders and Victim Liaison Officers, and observations of youth offender panels. It focuses upon the attitudes of young offenders towards victims and their reactions to the prospect of meeting the victim of their offending face-to-face as part of their referral order. Significant tensions between the aspirations of restorative justice and the reality of present practice in the English system are examined. The article proposes change in relation to justice disposals for incipient young offenders, particularly in relation to the ubiquitous use of restorative justice approaches for this group.

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10

Hughes, Suzanne, Timothy James Trimble e Anne O’Rourke. "The experiences of young offenders (aged 18–21) on protection in an Irish prison: using an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA)". Journal of Criminal Psychology 11, n. 2 (22 febbraio 2021): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-04-2020-0015.

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Purpose Young offenders are disproportionately represented in the Irish Prison Service (IPS) and are a population with complex needs and highest risk of re-offending. Subsets of young offenders in IPS are placed on Protection for their own and/or other’s safety. There is limited research regarding the experiences of young offenders, and there is none on the subjective experiences of young offenders on Protection that could be identified. This study aims to address a limitation of a previous study on the experiences of young offenders in an Irish prison (Hughes et al., 2017) by providing insight into experiences of young offenders on Protection in Mountjoy Prison. Design/methodology/approach Using a non-experimental, qualitative, semi-structured interview design, a purposive sampling method was used, and six young offenders participated. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim with potentially identifiable information removed to ensure anonymity. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was applied to interpret the data. Findings Two superordinate themes provided an overview of the young offender’s experiences of Protection in an Irish prison: ‘Social Order on Protection’ and ‘Adjustment on Protection’. Research limitations/implications Even though it is a relatively small sample size, this study contributes to existing literature and considers sentence management and clinical implications. Originality/value This study helps to address a gap in literature by providing insight into the overall experiences of young male offenders (aged 18–21) on Protection in an Irish prison. The findings are in line with most researches, which highlight additional negative consequences of “restrictive prisons regimes” such as Protection. This study provides information to prisons for the development of best practice guidelines and better sentence management and delivery of services to young offenders on Protection.

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11

Kiriakidis, Stavros P. "Bullying and Suicide Attempts Among Adolescents Kept in Custody". Crisis 29, n. 4 (luglio 2008): 216–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.29.4.216.

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This contribution explores the associations between suicide attempts; bullying; and the familial, educational, legal, and institutional characteristics of young offenders in custody. The sample was 152 randomly selected male young offenders aged 16–21 years (M = 18.9, SD = 1.3) years from the largest young offenders institution in Scotland, who completed structured personal interviews. Rates of reported suicide attempts were significantly higher in the population of young offenders than reported rates from general population samples. Being in residential care, the presence of a social worker for the family, family history of alcohol abuse, family history of suicide attempts, the experience of being bullied in custody, contact with a psychologist in the community, and being a violent offender were significantly related to increased risk of suicide attempts in custody. Compared to those who were not bullied, offenders who were bullied in custody were 9.22 times more likely to attempt suicide. The implications these findings for reducing bullying in penal settings are discussed.

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12

Farrington, David P., Rolf Loeber e James C. Howell. "Young Adult Offenders". Criminology & Public Policy 11, n. 4 (novembre 2012): 729–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2012.00842.x.

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13

Morrison, John, Ray Geary e Joan McQuoid. "BELFASTS YOUNG OFFENDERS". Criminal Justice Matters 13, n. 1 (settembre 1993): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09627259308553341.

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14

Mullis, Ronald L., Ann K. Mullis, Thomas A. Cornille, Mary Ann Kershaw, Adela Beckerman e Daniel Perkins. "Young Chronic Offenders". Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 3, n. 2 (aprile 2005): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204004273315.

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15

Roberts, Julian, e Mike Hough. "Sentencing young offenders". Criminal Justice 5, n. 3 (agosto 2005): 211–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466802505055831.

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16

Payne, Jason L., e Nadienne Roffey. "Youth crime as a ‘way of life’? Prevalence and criminal career correlates among a sample of juvenile detainees in Australia". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 53, n. 4 (4 ottobre 2020): 460–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865820960193.

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For more than 60 years, scholars have often likened chronic and persistent offending to ‘living a criminal way of life’, yet these evocative motifs have not received much empirical scrutiny. In particular, the so-called criminal life-style is often conceptualized as something the chronic young offender opts into as an alternative to other pro-social pathways. Whereas for older offenders, it is something into which they find themselves trapped and unable to escape. The idea that crime is a chosen ‘way of life’ among chronic young offenders has not yet received sufficient empirical scrutiny. In this study, we use archival data of nationally representative cohort ( n = 373) of young offenders in Australian custodial centers who were each asked whether crime was their ‘way of life’. From this, we estimate its prevalence and criminal-career correlates, finding that one in three strongly identify with crime as their way of life. Self-identification is also found to be strongly correlated with Indigenous status even after controlling for different features of the juvenile criminal career. In all, our data paint a vivid portrait of a criminal identity that, for the young offender, likely signals a perceived inevitability that evolves in the context of structurally and culturally conditioned opportunities. Understanding this phenomenon among youthful offenders is important if we are to be successful in our attempts to curtail criminal continuity through desistance informed interventions.

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17

Corrado, Raymond R., Irwin M. Cohen, William Glackman e Candice Odgers. "Serious and Violent Young Offenders’ Decisions to Recidivate: An Assessment of Five Sentencing Models". Crime & Delinquency 49, n. 2 (aprile 2003): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128702251043.

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Five models of sentencing were assessed with respect to their impact on the decisions of young offenders to recidivate. The five sentencing models tested were fairness, deterrence, chronic offender lifestyle, special needs, and procedural rights. A sample of 400 incarcerated young offenders from the Vancouver, British Columbia, metropolitan area were asked questions regarding their attitudes toward these sentencing models and their intentions to recidivate after serving a period of incarceration. Principal components analyses suggested that although these models do not function independently, two composite models do shed some light on the issues that young offenders consider when contemplating their decisions and intentions to recidivate. Despite the ability of these models to predict half of the explained variance in young offenders’ decisions regarding recidivism, a majority of the sample appeared to not be affected exclusively by cost-benefit analysis, punishment, or reintegrative motivations. The authors conclude that without additional variables and even higher predictive validity, it is premature for policy makers to focus on any single model of sentencing in constructing juvenile justice laws.

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18

Wilson, Anne, e Phillip Tully. "Reintegrating young offenders into the community through discharge planning: a review of interventions and needs of youth in secure care". Australian Journal of Primary Health 15, n. 2 (2009): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py08063.

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The health status of young offenders is often poorer than similar aged non-offenders. Addressing young offender needs is a key priority for their rehabilitation and reintegration into the community. The objectives were to identify programs and interventions that assist detained youth through focussed discharge planning by a systematic review of the literature. In addition, this review examined the identified health needs of young offenders in secure care. Our systematic review searched electronic databases using the keyword terms youth, secure care, health assessment and primary health care. Keyword browser terms were also entered as search strings, and only literature from 1997 onwards was retained. Twenty-two pieces of published literature were retained, and these documented the needs and service utilisation of young offenders. Mental health problems and trauma exposure were commonly identified in the literature, as was general physical health deficits and social and familial problems. Retrieved articles also made recommendations for health assessments and discharge planning, and some provided discharge planning models. Young offenders have diverse needs that can be ascertained from quality assessment measures. Effective discharge planning is important to attend to ongoing health issues and aid rehabilitation and reintegration into the community. By administering a comprehensive multidimensional screening measure upon admission to secure care, individualised care plans can be formulated with discharge planning measures. Recommendations for further study include the development and implementation of a needs assessment tool in youth secure-care facilities that complements the existing assessments and helps reintegrate young offenders to primary health care and community services.

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Prichard, Jeremy. "Parent-Child Dynamics in Community Conferences — Some Questions for Reintegrative Shaming, Practice and Restorative Justice". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 35, n. 3 (dicembre 2002): 330–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.35.3.330.

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This paper discusses two aspects of Crime, Shame and Reintegration (Braithwaite, 1989) concerning the parents of young offenders in reintegrative shaming ceremonies. First, the paper tackles Braithwaite's assumption that parents of young offenders are substantively similar to any other participants in the ceremony. Two sources of evidence are drawn upon: psychology literature regarding parental self-efficacy (Bandura, 1989; Coleman & Karraker, 1997) and qualitative observations of 34 community conferences in Tasmania, to suggest that in community conferences parents are likely to feel personally judged by other adult participants and even “on trial”. Second, the paper considers the dangers inherent in Braithwaite's assertion that directing shame at parents of young offenders can be conducive to reintegrative shaming. The dangers discussed include the stigmatisation of parents, in some cases critical damage to the confidence of parents in their parenting abilities, and the disruption of parent-child relationships. Ultimately, shaming parents may worsen the environment of the young offender concerned.

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Owen, Richard. "Gathering the Excluded Voice: The TXT Inside/TXT Outside Project". International Journal of Clinical Legal Education 21, n. 1 (7 luglio 2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijcle.v21i1.12.

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The TXT Inside/TXT Outside Project was an interdisciplinary community legal education project. It was a collaboration between a legal academic, computing and social scientists, and a conceptual artist. The project involved young offenders held under secure conditions in a Young Offender Institution using text art to reflect on their experiences of law, life and the legal system. The aim of the project was to engage the young offenders and the general public in a discussion about the treatment of young offenders using narrative techniques. The voices of young people held in custody (Inside) were ‘gathered’ and ‘released’, to be seen, heard and responded to by the public at large (Outside). The focal point of the action was a ‘stage event’ in the centre of Cardiff, where the text messages of a small group of young people in custody were displayed on a large screen, with the public being invited to respond by texting their own messages. A documentary film from the event, which included the projections and interviews with the public, was subsequently shown to and discussed with participating young people in custody.

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Madden, Adele, e Carol A. Ireland. "Developmental factors and drug use in young offenders". Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 3, n. 1 (13 marzo 2017): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-10-2016-0025.

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Purpose Young offenders are known to have more chaotic experiences in childhood than non-offenders, and this impacts on their attachments, coping styles and early maladaptive schemas (EMS). The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between these factors and drug use. Design/methodology/approach This study used self-report questionnaires on a sample of 105 incarcerated young offenders. Findings Attachment styles did not differentiate drug users from non-drug users. Drug users were found to be no more likely than non-drug users to use avoidant coping styles. However, they were more likely to have emotional coping styles. Drug users had more EMS, and overall, those with insecure attachments had more EMS. Individuals with emotional coping styles scored higher than those with rational coping styles on several EMS. Those with emotional coping styles scored lower on the emotional inhibition EMS than those with rational coping styles. Practical implications The evidence presented has implications for the understanding of drug use in young offenders by: providing support to the model proposed by Young et al. (2003) regarding how insecure attachments can contribute to EMS; providing support for Crittenden’s (2008) model of attachment whereby problematic behaviours such as drug use can be a strategy the individual uses to protect themselves at times of threat or discomfort; highlighting the need for an integrated model of substance use in offenders which incorporates early experiences, attachments and EMS; and highlighting why substance use may become a coping strategy in young offenders and how to engage them to meet their needs in pro-social ways. Originality/value The study contributes to the understanding of attachment, coping and drug use in a young offender population. It sets foundations in the authors’ understanding of patterns of EMS in young drug users and highlights the need for an integrated model of substance use which incorporates early experiences, attachments and EMS.

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Shah, Sofia Shanaz, e Semi Leweniqila. "Dealing with Young Offenders". Beijing Law Review 07, n. 02 (2016): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/blr.2016.72011.

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Ball, C. "Educationally Disaffected Young Offenders". British Journal of Criminology 40, n. 4 (1 settembre 2000): 594–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/40.4.594.

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Möller, Clara, Fredrik Falkenström, Mattias Holmqvist Larsson e Rolf Holmqvist. "Mentalizing in young offenders." Psychoanalytic Psychology 31, n. 1 (gennaio 2014): 84–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035555.

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Palermo, George B. "Recidivism in Young Offenders". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 59, n. 11 (2 settembre 2015): 1147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x15603421.

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Fougere, Amber, e Michael Daffern. "Resilience in Young Offenders". International Journal of Forensic Mental Health 10, n. 3 (luglio 2011): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2011.598602.

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Johnstone, Lorraine, e David J. Cooke. "Psychopathy and young offenders". Psychiatry 6, n. 10 (ottobre 2007): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mppsy.2007.07.008.

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Coutts, J. A. "Detention of Young Offenders". Journal of Criminal Law 55, n. 2 (maggio 1991): 220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002201839105500207.

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Bailey, Susan. "Young Offenders, Serious Crimes". British Journal of Psychiatry 167, n. 1 (luglio 1995): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.167.1.5.

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Wilkinson, Sarah. "Support BAME young offenders". Children and Young People Now 2015, n. 25 (8 dicembre 2015): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2015.25.36.

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MADEN, TONY, MARK SWINTON e JOHN GUNN. "Gambling in young offenders". Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 2, n. 3 (settembre 1992): 300–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbm.1992.2.3.300.

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Creaney, Sean. "The benefits of participation for young offenders". Safer Communities 13, n. 3 (8 luglio 2014): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-02-2014-0003.

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Abstract (sommario):

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the benefits of participation for young offenders. It also explores some of the challenges giving young people “a say”. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews and critiques a number of published sources, including peer reviewed journal articles. By critically reviewing the literature, the paper intends to promote discussion and ignite debate on the topic of “offender participation”. Findings – This paper argues that if young people are given a voice and provided with the opportunity to influence how a service is implemented it is more probable that the child will be “rehabilitated”. Furthermore, participation has many benefits for the individual child. More specifically, not only does it increase levels of engagement and compliance with a particular form of intervention or programme, but by being involved in the process, the child's self-esteem increases, making “motivation to change” more likely. Originality/value – This paper argues that despite good policy and practice intentions, the involvement of young offenders in the design and delivery of youth justice services requires further development. Indeed, there needs to be greater opportunities provided to young people, across the Youth Justice System, to “share their views” and influence practice.

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Tang, Alan. "Exclusively young offenders: providing dedicated adolescent sexual clinics in English young offender institutions". International Journal of STD & AIDS 14, n. 5 (1 maggio 2003): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646203321605459.

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Suero, Maria Aparcero, e Ashley Dickinson. "Moderating effects of age, employment status and level of education on the predictive utility of the LSI-R for sexual offenders". Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues 11, n. 1 (31 marzo 2021): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjpr.v11i1.4770.

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Using a Midwestern sample of sex offenders, the current study reports findings on the utility of the Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R) in predicting recidivism for offenders with a history of sexual crimes. The current study includes data from a sample of 250 sexual offenders over a 36-month period. This study aims to investigate how three variables – level of education, age and employment status – correlate to recidivism, and if they moderate the effectiveness of the tool in predicting future offending. This study found a statistically significant relationship between total LSI-R score and general recidivism, supporting the predictive utility of the LSI-R for sex offenders. These findings imply the need for intervention programmes focused on young sex offenders to reduce their potential for reoffending. The present study contributes to the available research by increasing the knowledge regarding sexual offender recidivism rates. Keywords: Sex offenders, recidivism, age, level of education, employment

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MILLER, BRENDA A., e JOHN W. WELTE. "Comparisons of Incarcerated Offenders According to Use of Alcohol and/or Drugs Prior to Offense". Criminal Justice and Behavior 13, n. 4 (dicembre 1986): 366–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854886013004002.

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Using data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice (1981, 1983), Survey of Inmates of State Correctional Facilities, 1979 and Survey of Jail Inmates, 1978, comparisons are made between incarcerated and sentenced offenders who used drugs only, alcohol only, both drugs and alcohol, and neither drugs nor alcohol prior to the offense. Alcohol and/or drug use prior to the offense is reported by 60% of the offenders. Offenders who used alcohol only make up the largest group among those who used drugs and/or alcohol. The group that used alcohol and drugs prior to the offense is of particular interest. This group represents young offenders who are extensively involved in psychoactive substances, exceeding all other groups. The emergence of this group may signify a trend toward more psychoactive substance use among offender groups and, as such, warrants further investigation. Since existing theoretical explanations focus on either the alcohol-crime or the drug-crime nexus, new theoretical explanations for the alcohol-drug-crime nexus need development. Finally, information on the alcohol and drug offender group suggests that intervention strategies must consider multiple drug use and the special characteristics of offenders with these problems.

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James, Nalita. "Research on the ‘Inside’: The Challenges of Conducting Research with Young Offenders". Sociological Research Online 18, n. 4 (novembre 2013): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.3129.

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There is a limited literature examining the ethical dilemmas that arise when research is conducted in prison settings, and the extent to which it is possible to give voice to young offenders’ experiences, thus placing them at the centre of the research process. By drawing on a qualitative research with young offenders, the paper will discuss how prison research can be truly ethical when it is conducted with participants who are far from autonomous. This raises a number of challenges for researchers that this paper will consider. These include accessing young offenders’ lives; ensuring the credibility of young offenders’ voices; and leaving the prison setting. The paper highlights the ethical research strategies that researchers can adopt in conducting research with young offenders, and the importance of researchers adopting a reflexive approach to better understand the social context of young offenders’ lives.

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Kirby, Amy. "Is volunteering for everyone? Volunteering opportunities for young ex-offenders". Safer Communities 15, n. 2 (11 aprile 2016): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-09-2015-0032.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore volunteering opportunities for young adults with criminal records (“young ex-offenders”). Design/methodology/approach – The study was conducted primarily in one London borough. It involved mapping volunteering opportunities for young ex-offenders and conducting in-depth interviews with young ex-offenders and practitioners from volunteer-involving organisations (VIOs) and resettlement organisations. Findings – Several perceived benefits of volunteering for young ex-offenders were identified; particularly in relation to “softer” outcomes such as building confidence, learning new skills and developing a routine. Perceived challenges focused on whether or not organisations were able to provide volunteers with adequate levels of support; concerns about levels of engagement among volunteers and confusion over safeguarding procedures, particularly in relation to the obtaining of Disclosure and Barring Checks. Originality/value – This paper offers practical insight into the scope of volunteering for young ex-offenders which may be of use to VIOs and resettlement organisations interested in providing such opportunities to young ex-offenders.

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Chitsabesan, Prathiba, Leo Kroll, Sue Bailey, Cassandra Kenning, Stephanie Sneider, Wendy MacDonald e Louise Theodosiou. "Mental health needs of young offenders in custody and in the community". British Journal of Psychiatry 188, n. 6 (giugno 2006): 534–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.010116.

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BackgroundResearch has revealed high levels of mental health needs in young offenders but many studies have been small, focusing on specific populations.AimsTo evaluate the mental health and psychosocial needs of a nationally representative sample of juvenile offenders in England and Wales, including female offenders and those from Black and minority ethnic groups.MethodA cross-sectional survey of 301 young offenders, 151 in custody and 150 in the community, was conducted in six geographically representative areas across England and Wales. Each young person was interviewed to obtain demographic information, mental health and social needs, and psychometric data.ResultsYoung offenders were found to have high levels of needs in a number of different areas including mental health (31%), education/work (36%) and social relationships (48%). Young offenders in the community had significantly more needs than those in secure care and needs were often unmet. One in five young offenders was also identified as having a learning disability (IQ < 70).ConclusionsNeeds for young offenders were high but often unmet. This emphasises the importance of structured needs assessment within custody and community settings in conjunction with a care programme approach that improves continuity of care.

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Pino, Mariana, Synella Montaño, Katty Agudelo, Claudia Idárraga-Cabrera, Jesús Fernández-Lucas e Ketty Herrera-Mendoza. "Emotion recognition in young male offenders and non-offenders". Physiology & Behavior 207 (agosto 2019): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.03.015.

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Hepper, Erica G., Claire M. Hart, Rosie Meek, Sylwia Cisek e Constantine Sedikides. "Narcissism and Empathy in Young Offenders and Non–Offenders". European Journal of Personality 28, n. 2 (marzo 2014): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1939.

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Abstract (sommario):

Understanding the individual factors that predispose persons to criminal behaviour is vital to reducing offending and rehabilitating those who have been sentenced to prison. This study examined the roles of narcissism (at both clinical and subclinical trait levels) and empathy, by comparing levels in young adult males currently serving a prison sentence to those with no history of criminal convictions. Prison participants had significantly higher levels of narcissism—in particular entitlement—than control participants, and this link was sequentially mediated by lower perspective–taking and subsequently lack of empathic concern. Trait narcissism showed stronger effects than narcissistic personality disorder symptoms. Narcissistic young men's feelings of entitlement and ensuing lack of empathy for others may account for their greater likelihood of criminal behaviour. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Sowerbutts, Anna. "Supporting Young Offenders to Communicate in the Youth Justice System". Social Science Protocols 2 (12 novembre 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7565/ssp.2019.2658.

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Abstract Objective: The scoping review will collate literature from different disciplines on supporting young offenders to communicate in the youth justice system. Specifically, it will map the evidence on a) the communication requirements of youth justice interactions; and b) how to support young offenders to communicate in this context. Introduction: Young offenders disproportionately present with unidentified Developmental Language Disorder. Successfully participating in the youth justice system demands considerable proficiency in language, and a large proportion of young offenders will thus struggle to engage in the required processes. Although there is emerging evidence regarding the specific communication tasks that young offenders are likely to struggle with, and published guidelines exist for supporting young offenders to communicate, it is unclear to what extent these recommendations are substantiated by evidence. This scoping review will collate what is currently known about supporting young offenders to communicate, identifying gaps and trends in research. Inclusion criteria: The review will consider publications which focus on young offenders, describe the communication requirements of the youth justice system, and/or provide guidelines for supporting young offenders to communicate in this context. Publications only concerning victims or witnesses will be excluded. Methods: Five databases will be searched, using identified keywords from relevant papers. To identify further studies, reference lists will be scanned and the grey literature will also be searched. Relevant data will be extracted from included publications using a pre-defined tool, and a narrative and visual summary of the findings will be presented.

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Burman, Michele, e Susan A. Batchelor. "Between Two Stools? Responding to Young Women who Offend". Youth Justice 9, n. 3 (dicembre 2009): 270–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473225409345104.

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This article traces the emergence of the ‘problem’ of violent and disorderly young female offenders in Scotland, against a broader background context of the politicization of youth crime and major changes in youth justice policy post-Devolution. It draws attention to the limited empirical evidence about this group, and challenges perceptions about the nature and scale of violent offending by young women. Young women offenders fall between two stools. Policy responses to youth offending focus primarily on young men (ignoring gender) and policies in relation to women offenders fail to differentiate between older and younger women (ignoring age). Perhaps even more so than adult female offenders, young female offenders are an invisible minority whose offending pathways and distinctive needs have gone largely undocumented and unaddressed.

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Moulds, Lauren Grace, Richelle Mayshak, Helen Mildred, Andrew Day e Peter Miller. "Adolescent Violence Towards Parents: A Case of Specialisation?" Youth Justice 19, n. 3 (10 ottobre 2019): 206–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473225419880004.

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Abstract (sommario):

Adolescent violence towards parents (AVTP) is a form of family violence that tests family relationships and the role of parents and can have lasting impacts on all members of families. This study aimed to explore typologies of AVTP offenders based on their criminal justice system involvement, as well as explore differences between groups of AVTP based on their offending. Data were collated by the South Australian Office of Crime, Statistics and Research (OCSAR) in 2017 and included young people who had been apprehended by the South Australian Police between 2008 and 2012 for violence against a parent or step parent. There were a total of 305 young people included in the study, ranging in age from 10 to 17 years. The study found that there were three different groups of AVTP offenders: AVTP offenders, AVTP non-violent offenders who have committed other non-violent crimes and AVTP violent offender who have committed other violent crimes outside of their AVTP offence. Findings suggested that an AVTP offence in isolation is a rarity, and most AVTP offenders commit other non-violent or violent offending. The study concluded that AVTP may be a function of general anti-sociality and occur within the context of a pattern of violent or deviant behaviour, as opposed to a specialist, targeted, isolated incidence of violence.

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Gordon, Robert M. "Young Offenders Law in Canada". Canadian Journal of Criminology 34, n. 2 (aprile 1992): 262–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjcrim.34.2.262.

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Newburn, Tim. "Young Offenders, Drugs and Prevention". Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 5, n. 3 (gennaio 1998): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09687639809034085.

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46

Putniņš, Aldis L., e Steve J. R. Harvey. "Alcohol abuse among young offenders". Medical Journal of Australia 156, n. 11 (giugno 1992): 753–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1992.tb121554.x.

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47

Putninš, Aldis. "Young Offenders, Tattoos and Recidivism". Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 9, n. 1 (1 aprile 2002): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/132187102760196907.

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Bailey, Susan. "Young offenders and mental health". Current Opinion in Psychiatry 16, n. 5 (settembre 2003): 581–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001504-200309000-00016.

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Shelton, Deborah. "Emotional Disorders in Young Offenders". Journal of Nursing Scholarship 33, n. 3 (settembre 2001): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2001.00259.x.

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50

REID-MacNEVIN, SUSAN A. "Boot Camps for Young Offenders". Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 13, n. 2 (maggio 1997): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986297013002005.

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