Articoli di riviste: "Xanthomonas camXanthomonaspestris pv. campestris"

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LAALA, Samia, Sophie CESBRON, Mohamed KERKOUD, Franco VALENTINI, Zouaoui BOUZNAD, Marie-Agnès JACQUES e Charles MANCEAU. "Characterization of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in Algeria". Phytopathologia Mediterranea 60, n. 1 (13 maggio 2021): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-11726.

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Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) causes the black rot of cruciferous plants. This seed-borne bacterium is considered as the most destructive disease to cruciferous crops. Although sources of contamination are various, seeds are the main source of transmission. Typical symptoms of black rot were first observed in 2011 on cabbage and cauliflower fields in the main production areas of Algeria. Leaf samples displaying typical symptoms were collected during 2011 to 2014, and 170 strains were isolated from 45 commercial fields. Xcc isolates were very homogeneous in morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics similar to reference strains, and gave positive pathogenicity and molecular test results (multiplex PCR with specific primers). This is the first record of Xcc in Algeria. Genetic diversity within the isolates was assessed in comparison with strains isolated elsewhere. A multilocus sequence analysis based on two housekeeping genes (gyrB and rpoD) was carried out on 77 strains representative isolates. The isolates grouped into 20 haplotypes defined with 68 polymorphic sites. The phylogenetic tree obtained showed that Xcc is in two groups, and all Algerian strains clustered in group 1 in three subgroups. No relationships were detected between haplotypes and the origins of the seed lots, the varieties of host cabbage, the years of isolation and agroclimatic regions.

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Thieme, Frank, Ralf Koebnik, Thomas Bekel, Carolin Berger, Jens Boch, Daniela Büttner, Camila Caldana et al. "Insights into Genome Plasticity and Pathogenicity of the Plant Pathogenic Bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria Revealed by the Complete Genome Sequence". Journal of Bacteriology 187, n. 21 (1 novembre 2005): 7254–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.21.7254-7266.2005.

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ABSTRACT The gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is the causative agent of bacterial spot disease in pepper and tomato plants, which leads to economically important yield losses. This pathosystem has become a well-established model for studying bacterial infection strategies. Here, we present the whole-genome sequence of the pepper-pathogenic Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria strain 85-10, which comprises a 5.17-Mb circular chromosome and four plasmids. The genome has a high G+C content (64.75%) and signatures of extensive genome plasticity. Whole-genome comparisons revealed a gene order similar to both Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and a structure completely different from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. A total of 548 coding sequences (12.2%) are unique to X. campestris pv. vesicatoria. In addition to a type III secretion system, which is essential for pathogenicity, the genome of strain 85-10 encodes all other types of protein secretion systems described so far in gram-negative bacteria. Remarkably, one of the putative type IV secretion systems encoded on the largest plasmid is similar to the Icm/Dot systems of the human pathogens Legionella pneumophila and Coxiella burnetii. Comparisons with other completely sequenced plant pathogens predicted six novel type III effector proteins and several other virulence factors, including adhesins, cell wall-degrading enzymes, and extracellular polysaccharides.

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Ferreira, Polliana Silva Franco, e Nilvanira Donizete Tebaldi. "Métodos de inoculação de Xanthomonas campestris pv. passiflorae em maracujazeiro e biofertilizantes na inibição do crescimento bacteriano in vitro". Summa Phytopathologica 45, n. 2 (aprile 2019): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-5405/185793.

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RESUMO A mancha bacteriana do maracujazeiro (Passiflora spp.) causada por Xanthomonas campestris pv. passiflorae é uma das principais doenças que afeta a cultura. Para a obtenção de variedades resistentes à bactéria, vários métodos de inoculação devem ser testados. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar diferentes métodos de inoculação de Xanthomonas campestris pv. passiflorae em plantas de maracujá, para a obtenção de genótipos resistentes à bactéria e avaliar o efeito inibitório de biofertilizantes no crescimento bacteriano in vitro. Sete genótipos de maracujá foram inoculados com uma suspensão bacteriana (1x108 UFC.mL-1), via aspersão, tesoura e pinça. Os bioferlizantes Agro-Mos, Cop-R-Quik, FitoForce Plus, e Soil-Set foram avaliados quanto a inibição do crescimento bacteriano in vitro. O método de inoculação por aspersão foi o mais prático e rápido, em relação aos demais, na obtenção dos sintomas da doença e todos os genótipos avaliados foram suscetíveis à Xanthomonas campestris pv. passiflorae. Os biofertilizantes FitoForce Plus e Soil-Set inibiram o crescimento de Xanthomonas campestris pv. passiflorae in vitro e deverão ser avaliados para o controle da bactéria em condições de campo.

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Lee, Yung-An, Pei-Yu Yang e Shau-Chang Huang. "Characterization, Phylogeny, and Genome Analyses of Nonpathogenic Xanthomonas campestris Strains Isolated from Brassica Seeds". Phytopathology® 110, n. 5 (maggio 2020): 981–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-08-19-0319-r.

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Xanthomonads were detected by using the Xan-D(CCF) medium from the brassica seeds, and their pathogenicity was determined by plant inoculation tests. It was found that some seed lots were infested with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, some with X. campestris pv. raphani, and some with nonpathogenic xanthomonads. The nonpathogenic xanthomonad strains were identified as X. campestris, and the multilocus sequence analysis showed that the nonpathogenic X. campestris strains were grouped together with pathogenic X. campestris, but not with nonpathogenic strains of X. arboricola. In addition, all isolated X. campestris pv. campestris and X. campestris pv. raphani strains were positive in the hrpF-PCR, but the nonpathogenic strains were negative. It was further found that nonpathogenic X. campestris strain nE1 does not contain the entire pathogenicity island (hrp gene cluster; type III secretion system) and all type III effector protein genes based on the whole genome sequence analyses. The nonpathogenic X. campestris strain nE1 could acquire the entire pathogenicity island from the endemic X. campestris pv. campestris and X. campestris pv. raphani strains by conjugation, but type III effector genes were not cotransferred. The studies showed that the nonpathogenic X. campestris strains indeed exist on the brassica seeds, but it could be differentiated by the PCR assays on the hrp and type III effector genes. Nevertheless, the nonpathogenic X. campestris strains cannot be ignored because they may be potential gene resources to increase genetic diversity in the endemic pathogenic X. campestris pv. campestris and X. campestris pv. raphani strains.

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Norman, D. J., J. M. F. Yuen e N. C. Hodge. "New Disease on Ornamental Asparagus Caused by Xanthomonas campestris in Florida". Plant Disease 81, n. 8 (agosto 1997): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.8.847.

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From dark, water-soaked lesions on stems of asparagus tree fern (Asparagus virgatus) in commercial nurseries in Florida, 33 xanthomonad strains were isolated. Strains formed large, round, butyrus, bright yellow colonies on yeast dextrose calcium carbonate medium, and were gram negative, oxidase negative, catalase positive, motile, strictly aerobic, and did not hydrolyze starch. Strains were further characterized by carbon substrate utilization patterns (Biolog), and by fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) analyses. The metabolic fingerprints of most strains were similar to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians, and X. campestris pv. dieffenbachiae from Xanthosoma or Syngonium. Representative strains from A. virgatus were not pathogenic on Dieffenbachia. X. campestris pv. dieffenbachiae strains that did not hydrolyze starch produced scattered lesions on A. virgatus stems. However, starch-hydrolyzing strains of X. campestris pv. dieffenbachiae did not produce symptoms when inoculated onto A. virgatus. FAME analysis indicated the strains were X. campestris pv. vitians or X. campestris pv. translucens; however, low similarity indices ( x = 0.461) indicated that the asparagus strains were not represented in the MIDI library database. FAME analysis profiles were also compared to the University of Florida database, which contains 1,048 X. campestris strains of which 200 are X. campestris pv. dieffenbachiae. Similarity indices were again low with 15 strains matched to X. campestris pv. secalis (x = 0.412), seven strains to X. fragariae (x = 0.224), six strains to X. campestris pv. translucens ( x = 0.437), and five strains matched < 0.20 to other pathovars. Five representative strains were tested on six Asparagus species or cultivars: A. virgatus, A. setaceus, A. macowanii, A. densiflorus ‘Sprengeri’ , A. densiflorus ‘Myers’, and A. officinalis. All five strains were pathogenic on A. virgatus but were less virulent on A. setaceus and A. densiflorus ‘Sprengeri’.

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Manceau, Charles, Louis Gardan e Martine Devaux. "Dynamics of RP4 plasmid transfer between Xanthomonas campestris pv. corylina and Erwinia herbicola in hazelnut tissues, in planta". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 32, n. 11 (1 novembre 1986): 835–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m86-154.

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We have shown that the transfer of plasmid RP4 took place between two strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. corylina and from Xanthomonas campestris pv. corylina to Erwinia herbicola and vice versa when the strains were inoculated in hazelnut tissues in an experimental orchard. Transfer occurred throughout all seasons and was independent of the physiological conditions of the host tissues. The main factor governing transfer in planta appeared to be the frequency of contacts among donors and recipients. The frequency of transfer was correlated with the level of bacterial populations. RP4 was stable in the inoculated strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. corylina as well as in Erwinia herbicola in hazelnut tissue. RP4 was detected in two isolates of resident epiphytic microflora, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Erwinia herbicola.

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Monteiro, Leila, Rosa de Lima Ramos Mariano e Ana Maria Souto-Maior. "Antagonism of Bacillus spp. against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris". Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 48, n. 1 (gennaio 2005): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132005000100004.

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The antagonism of eight Bacillus isolates was investigated against nine strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (causal agent of crucifers black rot) to assess the role of lipopeptides in this process. Antimicrobial and hemolytic (surfactant) activity tests were performed in vitro using agar diffusion methods. Antibiosis and hemolysis were positive for four Bacillus isolates against all X. campestris pv. campestris strains. The correlation observed between antimicrobial and hemolytic activities indicated that lipopeptides were involved in the antibiosis mechanism of the studied antagonists. Fermentation studies were carried out with the isolates that showed highest antimicrobial and hemolytic activities, to follow up growth and production of bioactive and surfactant compounds. Production of bioactive and surfactant compounds was observed during the late growth phase of the Bacillus isolates.

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Vicente, J. G., J. Conway, G. J. King e J. D. Taylor. "RESISTANCE TO XANTHOMONAS CAMPESTRIS PV. CAMPESTRIS IN BRASSICA SPP." Acta Horticulturae, n. 539 (ottobre 2000): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.539.6.

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Zhang, Chunyan, Mingfa Lv, Wenfang Yin, Tingyan Dong, Changqing Chang, Yansong Miao, Yantao Jia e Yinyue Deng. "Xanthomonas campestris Promotes Diffusible Signal Factor Biosynthesis and Pathogenicity by Utilizing Glucose and Sucrose from Host Plants". Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 32, n. 2 (febbraio 2019): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-07-18-0187-r.

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The plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris produces diffusible signal factor (DSF) quorum sensing (QS) signals to regulate its biological functions and virulence. Our previous study showed that X. campestris pv. campestris utilizes host plant metabolites to enhance the biosynthesis of DSF family signals. However, it is unclear how X. campestris pv. campestris benefits from the metabolic products of the host plant. In this study, we observed that the host plant metabolites not only boosted the production of the DSF family signals but also modulated the expression levels of DSF-regulated genes in X. campestris pv. campestris. Infection with X. campestris pv. campestris induced changes in the expression of many sugar transporter genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Exogenous addition of sucrose or glucose, which are the major products of photosynthesis in plants, enhanced DSF signal production and X. campestris pv. campestris pathogenicity in the Arabidopsis model. In addition, several sucrose hydrolase–encoding genes in X. campestris pv. campestris and sucrose invertase–encoding genes in the host plant were notably upregulated during the infection process. These enzymes hydrolyzed sucrose to glucose and fructose, and in trans expression of one of these enzymes, CINV1 of A. thaliana or XC_0805 of X. campestris pv. campestris, enhanced DSF signal biosynthesis in X. campestris pv. campestris in the presence of sucrose. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that X. campestris pv. campestris applies multiple strategies to utilize host plant sugars to enhance QS and pathogenicity.

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Kong, Congcong, Vânia Horta de Passo, Zhiyuan Fang, Limei Yang, Mu Zhuang, Yangyong Zhang, Yong Wang, Joana G. Vicente e Honghao Lv. "Complete Genome Sequence of Strain WHRI 3811 Race 1 of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the Causal Agent of Black Rot of Cruciferous Vegetables". Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 32, n. 12 (dicembre 2019): 1571–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-07-19-0177-a.

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Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is an important bacterial pathogen that causes black rot and brings about enormous production loss for cruciferous vegetables worldwide. Currently, genome sequences for only a few X. campestris pv. campestris isolates are available, most of which are draft sequences. Based on the next-generation sequencing and single-molecule sequencing in real time technologies, we present here the complete genome sequence of strain WHRI 3811 race 1 of X. campestris pv. campestris, which is a type strain that has been extensively used. The genome data will contribute to our understanding of X. campestris pv. campestris genomic features and pave the way for research on X. campestris pv. campestris–host interactions.

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Sahin, F., e S. A. Miller. "Resistance in Capsicum pubescens to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria Pepper Race 6". Plant Disease 82, n. 7 (luglio 1998): 794–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.7.794.

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One hundred seventy Capsicum spp. germplasm accessions were evaluated as potential sources of resistance to X. campestris pv. vesicatoria pepper race 6 (P6). This race has been identified recently in Ohio and overcomes all three known resistance genes in cultivated pepper. Only C. pubescens plant introduction (PI) 235047 was found to be resistant to X. campestris pv. vesicatoria P6 strains using hypersensitivity and pathogenicity tests. Further studies using PI 235047 as a differential line showed that strains classified as X. campestris pv. vesicatoria races P1 and P3 were heterogeneous in terms of virulence. Strains of X. campestris pv. vesicatoria P1 and P3 that were compatible with PI 235047 were reclassified as two new pepper races, designated X. campestris pv. vesicatoria P7 and P8, respectively. According to the new race classification, PI 235047 plants are incompatible with X. campestris pv. vesicatoria pepper races P0, P1, P3, P4, and P6, but compatible with races P2, P5, P7, and P8.

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Lewis Ivey, Melanie L., Geoffrey Tusiime e Sally A. Miller. "A Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Banana". Plant Disease 94, n. 1 (gennaio 2010): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-1-0109.

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Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers (BXW-1 and BXW-3) for conventional PCR were developed from conserved sequences in the hrpB operon of the hrp gene cluster from Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum, the causative agent of banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW). All 50 strains of X. campestris pv. musacearum, isolated from Uganda, Rwanda, and Tanzania, produced a 214-bp amplicon when whole cells, bacterial ooze from infected tissue, and genomic DNA purified from bacterial ooze or infected tissue were used as template. The BXW primers also detected strains of X. axonopodis pv. vasculorum isolated from sugarcane and maize and strains of X. vasicola pv. holcicola isolated from sorghum. All of the strains of X. campestris pv. musacearum were clonal when compared using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR.

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Sugio, Akiko, Bing Yang e Frank F. White. "Characterization of the hrpF Pathogenicity Peninsula of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae". Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 18, n. 6 (giugno 2005): 546–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-18-0546.

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The hrp gene cluster of Xanthomonas spp. contains genes for the assembly and function of a type III secretion system (TTSS). The hrpF genes reside in a region between hpaB and the right end of the hrp cluster. The region of the hrpF gene of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is bounded by two IS elements and also contains a homolog of hpaF of X. campestris pv. vesicatoria and two newly identified genes, hpa3 and hpa4. A comparison of the hrp gene clusters of different species of Xanthomonas revealed that the hrpF region is a constant yet more variable peninsula of the hrp pathogenicity island. Mutations in hpaF, hpa3, and hpa4 had no effect on virulence, whereas hrpF mutants were severely reduced in virulence on susceptible rice cultivars. The hrpF genes from X. campestris pv. vesicatoria, X. campestris pv. campestris, and X. axonopodis pv. citri each were capable of restoring virulence to the hrpF mutant of X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Correspondingly, none of the Xanthomonas pathovars with hrpF from X. oryzae pv. oryzae elicited a hypersensitive reaction in their respective hosts. Therefore, no evidence was found for hrpF as a host-specialization factor. In contrast to the loss of Bs3-dependent reactions by hrpF mutants of X. campestris pv. vesicatoria, hrpF mutants of X. oryzae pv. oryzae with either avrXa10 or avrXa7 elicited hypersensitive reactions in rice cultivars with the corresponding R genes. A double hrpFxoo-hpa1 mutant also elicited an Xa10-dependent resistance reaction. Thus, loss of hrpF, hpa1, or both may reduce delivery or effectiveness of type III effectors. However, the mutations did not completely prevent the delivery of effectors from X. oryzae pv. oryzae into the host cells.

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Peixoto, Ana Rosa, Rosa de Lima Ramos Mariano e Ivanise Oliveira Viana. "Meio semi-seletivo para isolamento de Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola". Ciência Rural 36, n. 4 (agosto 2006): 1317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782006000400045.

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O cancro bacteriano causado por Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola é a fitobacteriose mais importante da videira no Submédio São Francisco. O isolamento de X. campestris pv. viticola de tecidos vegetais infectados é dificultado pela presença de contaminantes bacterianos, entre os quais Microbacterium barkeri. Objetivando-se a formulação de meio de cultura semi-seletivo, 22 isolados de X. campestris pv. viticola foram testados com relação a 30 antibióticos. O meio semi-seletivo NYDAM (extrato de carne 3, peptona 5, glicose 10, extrato de levedura 5, ágar 18 e ampicilina 0,1 em g L-1) inibiu M. barkeri e bactérias fitopatogênicas podendo ser utilizado para isolar X. campestris pv. viticola de hospedeiros com infecção natural em campo.

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Bonini, Marcel, Antonio Carlos Maringoni e Julio Rodrigues Neto. "Characterization of Xanthomonas spp. strains by bacteriocins". Summa Phytopathologica 33, n. 1 (marzo 2007): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-54052007000100003.

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Twenty-five strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri and 14 strains of Xanthomonas spp. were tested for bacteriocin production. X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae strains were sensitive to the bacteriocins produced by the 25 X. axonopodis pv. citri strains evaluated in this study while strains of X. axonopodis pv. manihotis and X. campestris pv. campestris showed variable sensitivity. Only five of the 25 X. axonopodis pv. citri strains were not inhibited by the bacteriocins produced by the two X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae strains. The bacteriocins produced by the Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (FDC-806) and X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae (Mar-2850 A) strains were thermolabile, resistant to lysozyme and sensitive to DNAse. The bacteriocin produced by X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae was resistant to the action of proteinase K, trypsin and RNAse while the bacteriocin produced by X. axonopodis pv. citri was sensitive to these enzymes. The bacteriocins produced by X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae and X. axonopodis pv. citri were called passifloricin and citricin, respectively.

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Sangwan, Pooja, Rakesh Sangwan, Vinod Malik e Manjeet Singh. "Evaluation of antibiotics and bioagents for the management of black rot disease of cabbage and their effect on extracellular polysaccharide secretion". Bangladesh Journal of Botany 52, n. 4 (31 dicembre 2023): 965–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v52i4.70578.

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Black rot disease caused by bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris has been identified as major cause for low cabbage yields. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of various antibiotics and bioagents for controlling black rot disease and also their effect on extracellular polysaccharide secretion (EPS) of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Under in vitro conditions, bacterial proliferation and EPS production were examined on yeast peptone agar medium containing sucrose or trehalose with or without antibiotics. Number of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris on yeast peptone agar medium with Validamycin-A was less as compared to control. Extracellular polysaccharide secretion (EPS) was also inhibited on yeast peptone agar medium with antibiotic Validamycin-A. In vivo, disease intensity was recorded minimum in seed treatment + root dipping + foliar spray with Validamycin-A @ 500 µg/ml followed by seed treatment with Validamycin-A @ 500 µg/ml in comparison to control. Similarly, 45.61% higher cabbage yield was recorded in seed treatment + root dipping + foliar spray with Validamycin-A @ 500 as compared to untreated control. However, the antibiotic Validamycin-A which was found effective can be recommended to manage the disease. Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(4): 965-970, 2023 (December)

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Pacumbaba, R. P., Caula A. Beyl e R. O. Pacumbaba. "Shiitake Mycelial Leachate Suppresses Growth of Some Bacterial Species and Symptoms of Bacterial Wilt of Tomato and Lima Bean in vitro". Plant Disease 83, n. 1 (gennaio 1999): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.1.20.

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Mycelial leachate of shiitake mushroom inhibited growth of Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea, P. syringae pv. tabaci, Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines, X. campestris pv. campestris, Erwinia amylovora, Ralstonia solanacearum, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. The mycelial leachate applied as soil drench prevented symptom expression of bacterial wilt of tomato and lima bean in the laboratory. The results suggested that the shiitake mycelia leachate contained an antibiotic ingredient.

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Tang, Dong-Jie, Yong-Qiang He, Jia-Xun Feng, Bao-Ren He, Bo-Le Jiang, Guang-Tao Lu, Baoshan Chen e Ji-Liang Tang. "Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Possesses a Single Gluconeogenic Pathway That Is Required for Virulence". Journal of Bacteriology 187, n. 17 (1 settembre 2005): 6231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.17.6231-6237.2005.

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ABSTRACT Disruption of ppsA, a key gene in gluconeogenesis, of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris resulted in the failure of the pathogen to grow in medium with pyruvate or C4-dicarboxylates as the sole carbon source and a significant reduction in virulence, indicating that X. campestris pv. campestris possesses only the malic enzyme-PpsA route in gluconeogenesis, which is required for virulence.

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Thowthampitak, J., B. T. Shaffer, S. Prathuangwong e J. E. Loper. "Role of rpfF in Virulence and Exoenzyme Production of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines, the Causal Agent of Bacterial Pustule of Soybean". Phytopathology® 98, n. 12 (dicembre 2008): 1252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-98-12-1252.

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Ten strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines, the causal agent of bacterial pustule of soybean, which were isolated from various soybean growing regions of Thailand, produced an extracellular diffusible factor (DSF) related to a well-characterized quorum sensing molecule produced by other Xanthomonas spp. Genomic DNA of the 10 strains of X. axonopodis pv. glycines contained rpfF, a gene encoding for the biosynthesis of the DSF in X. campestris pv. campestris. The rpfF gene from one strain of X. axonopodis pv. glycines was fully sequenced, and the 289 aa product is closely related to RpfF of other Xanthomonas spp. (95 to 98% identical). Three independently generated rpfF mutants of X. axonopodis pv. glycines strain No12-2 were defective in the production of a DSF, as expected if rpfF encodes for DSF biosynthesis in X. axonopodis pv. glycines. The rpfF mutants of X. axonopodis pv. glycines exhibited reduced virulence on soybean and produced less than wild-type levels of extracellular polysaccharide and the extracellular enzymes carboxylmethylcellulase, protease, endo-β-1,4-mannanase, and pectate lyase. Transcripts for three genes that encode for the extracellular enzymes protease, endoglucanase, and pectate lyase were at lower abundance in an rpfF mutant than in the parental strain of X. axonopodis pv. glycines. These results indicate that X. axonopodis pv. glycines produces a diffusible signal related to the DSF of X. campestris pv. campestris, which contributes to virulence and exoenzyme production by this phytopathogenic bacterium.

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20

da Gama, Marco Aurélio Siqueira, Rosa de Lima Ramos Mariano, Wilson José da Silva Júnior, Antônio Roberto Gomes de Farias, Maria Angélica Guimarães Barbosa, Marisa Álvares da Silva Velloso Ferreira, César Raimundo Lima Costa Júnior, Liliana Andréa Santos e Elineide Barbosa de Souza. "Taxonomic Repositioning of Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola (Nayudu 1972) Dye 1978 as Xanthomonas citri pv. viticola (Nayudu 1972) Dye 1978 comb. nov. and Emendation of the Description of Xanthomonas citri pv. anacardii to Include Pigmented Isolates Pathogenic to Cashew Plant". Phytopathology® 108, n. 10 (ottobre 2018): 1143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-02-18-0037-r.

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Abstract (sommario):

Grapevine bacterial canker, which is caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola, is one of the most important grapevine diseases in the northeastern region of Brazil. This disease causes severe damage and represents a high potential risk to the development of Brazilian viticulture. In turn, pigmented isolates pathogenic to cashew plant, making cashew fruit unfit for sale, also have been detected in Northeastern Brazil. Given that the taxonomic position of these bacteria is unclear, the multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) technique, average nucleotide identity (ANI) values and tetranucleotide frequency correlation coefficients (TETRA) were used to analyze their phylogenetic relationship in relation to other Xanthomonas species. X. campestris pv. viticola was closely related to X. citri pv. mangiferaeindicae (repetitive-polymerase chain reaction [rep-PCR], MLSA, and ANI) and X. citri subsp. citri (MLSA and ANI). Pigmented isolates pathogenic to cashew plant were closely related to X. citri pv. anacardii (rep-PCR, MLSA, ANI, and TETRA). The results obtained in this study support the emendation of the description of X. citri pv. anacardii to include pigmented isolates of Xanthomonas pathogenic to cashew plant. In addition, the reclassification of X. campestris pv. viticola as X. citri pv. viticola comb. nov. is suggested.

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21

Chen, Yi-Cai, Zhe Hu, Wen-Bin Zhang, Yu Yin, Can-Yao Zhong, Wan-Ying Mo, Yong-Hong Yu, Jin-Cheng Ma e Hai-Hong Wang. "HetI-Like Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase Posttranslationally Modifies Acyl Carrier Proteins in Xanthomonas spp." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 35, n. 4 (aprile 2022): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-10-21-0249-r.

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In Xanthomonas spp., the biosynthesis of the yellow pigment xanthomonadin and fatty acids originates in the type II polyketide synthase (PKS II) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) pathways, respectively. The acyl carrier protein (ACP) is the central component of PKS II and FAS and requires posttranslational phosphopantetheinylation to initiate these pathways. In this study, for the first time, we demonstrate that the posttranslational modification of ACPs in X. campestris pv. campestris is performed by an essential 4′-phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase), XcHetI (encoded by Xc_4132). X. campestris pv. campestris strain XchetI could not be deleted from the X. campestris pv. campestris genome unless another PPTase-encoding gene such as Escherichia coli acpS or Pseudomonas aeruginosa pcpS was present. Compared with wild-type strain X. campestris pv. campestris 8004 and mutant XchetI::PapcpS, strain XchetI::EcacpS failed to generate xanthomonadin pigments and displayed reduced pathogenicity for the host plant, Brassica oleracea. Further experiments showed that the expression of XchetI restored the growth of E. coli acpS mutant HT253 and, when a plasmid bearing XchetI was introduced into P. aeruginosa, pcpS, which encodes the sole PPTase in P. aeruginosa, could be deleted. In in vitro enzymatic assays, XcHetI catalyzed the transformation of 4′-phosphopantetheine from coenzyme A to two X. campestris pv. campestris apo-acyl carrier proteins, XcAcpP and XcAcpC. All of these findings indicate that XcHetI is a surfactin PPTase-like PPTase with a broad substrate preference. Moreover, the HetI-like PPTase is ubiquitously conserved in Xanthomonas spp., making it a potential new drug target for the prevention of plant diseases caused by Xanthomonas. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .

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22

Chatterjee, Subhadeep, e Ramesh V. Sonti. "Virulence deficiency caused by a transposon insertion in the purH gene of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 51, n. 7 (1 luglio 2005): 575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w05-036.

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Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial leaf blight, a serious disease of rice. We have identified a Tn5-induced virulence-deficient mutant (BXO1704) of X. oryzae pv. oryzae. The BXO1704 mutant exhibited growth deficiency in minimal medium but was proficient in inducing a hypersensitive response in a non-host tomato plant. Sequence analysis of the chromosomal DNA flanking the Tn5 insertion indicated that the Tn5 insertion is in the purH gene, which is highly homologous to purH genes of other closely related plant pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Purine supplementation reversed the growth deficiency of BXO1704 in minimal medium. These results suggest that the virulence deficiency of BXO1704 may be due to the inability to use sufficient purine in the host.Key words: auxotroph, plant pathogen, resistance.

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23

Angeles, Rosendo, e Anne K. Vidaver. "Ocurrencia y propiedades de Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli y xanthomonas pestolíticas, epifíticas en malezas". Agronomía Mesoamericana 1 (27 giugno 2016): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v1i0.25314.

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Abstract (sommario):

Populations of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli and other Xanthomonas occur in natural form la non symptomatic weeds. Sevently seven samples of twenty one weed species from fields Infested with common blight "Tizón común" In San Juan, Higuey, Constanza of the Dominkan Republic were evaluated. The isolationswere obtained by adding 10 ml of the buffer (12.5 mM K2PO4 + 10 mM Mg SO4, ph < 7.1). The pathogenicity tests were performed on the Dark Red Kidney bean, by inoculating plants, trifoliates and seed pods. To confirm the starch hydrolisis reaction with methyl violet and methyl green, an evaluation of the production of brown dye and thin layer chromatography for the Xanthomonadin pigment was made. Of the observed results, fourteen samples and eight species of weeds of X. campestris pv. phaseoli and 23 species of weeds of atypical Xanthomonas were found. The pathogenic isolations from leaf innoculum at two weeks the yellow zone had expanded and covered a wide area around the necrotic brown center. The bean seed pods inoculated with pathogenic isolates showed typical symptoms around ten days. All the pathogenic isolates on the leaves became pathogenic on the seed pods. None of the isolates of collected weeds after harvest. In the "Constanza" area showed any symptoms on the bean leaves. The weed samples collected from the common blight Infested fields had more pathogenic of isolates X. campestris pv. phaseolithan the samples taken from the outside ends of the fields or after harvest. We found eight weed species all belonging to six botanic families which might act as sympto-matic hosts suggests that other species could contain epiphitic X. campestris pv. phaseoli.

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24

Promnuan, Yaowanoot, Saran Promsai e Sujinan Meelai. "Antimicrobial activity of Streptomyces spp. isolated from Apis dorsata combs against some phytopathogenic bacteria". PeerJ 8 (18 dicembre 2020): e10512. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10512.

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Abstract (sommario):

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial potential of actinomycetes isolated from combs of the giant honey bee, Apis dorsata. In total, 25 isolates were obtained from three different media and were screened for antimicrobial activity against four plant pathogenic bacteria (Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Pectobacterium carotovorum). Following screening using a cross-streaking method, three isolates showed the potential to inhibit the growth of plant pathogenic bacteria. Based on a 96-well microtiter assay, the crude extract of DSC3-6 had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against X. oryzae pv. oryzae, X. campestris pv. campestris, R. solanacearum and P. carotovorum of 16, 32, 32 and 64 mg L−1, respectively. The crude extract of DGA3-20 had MIC values against X. oryzae pv. oryzae, X. campestris pv. campestris, R. solanacearum and P. carotovorum of 32, 32, 32 and 64 mg L−1, respectively. The crude extract of DGA8-3 at 32 mgL−1 inhibited the growth of X. oryzae pv. oryzae, X. campestris pv. campestris, R. solanacearum and P. carotovorum. Based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences, all isolates were identified as members of the genus Streptomyces. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and of the phylogenetic tree based on the maximum likelihood algorithm showed that isolates DSC3-6, DGA3-20 and DGA8-3 were closely related to Streptomyces ramulosus (99.42%), Streptomyces axinellae (99.70%) and Streptomyces drozdowiczii (99.71%), respectively. This was the first report on antibacterial activity against phytopathogenic bacteria from actinomycetes isolated from the giant honey bee.

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25

Robeson, David J., e Douglas R. Cook. "Biotransformation of Tryptophan to Indole-3-acetic Acid by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 40, n. 9-10 (1 agosto 1985): 740–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1985-9-1027.

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26

Miguel-Wruck, Dulândula Silva, José Rogério de Oliveira e Luiz Antônio dos Santos Dias. "Especificidade de hospedeiro nas interações Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris - brássicas". Summa Phytopathologica 36, n. 2 (giugno 2010): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-54052010000200004.

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Abstract (sommario):

Face às escassas informações acerca da variabilidade patogênica de isolados brasileiros de Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, realizou-se um estudo para avaliar a especificidade patogênica de trinta e três isolados do patógeno, provenientes de várias regiões do Brasil e do exterior, a oito espécies de brássicas, através de inoculação por meio de injeção da suspensão bacteriana nas folhas. Desse total, 12 isolados foram obtidos de couve-comum (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), nove de repolho (B. oleracea var. capitata), cinco de couve-flor (B. oleracea var. botrytis), dois de canola (B. napus), um de brócolos (B. oleracea var. italica), um de couve-chinesa (B. chinensis), um de couve-rábano (B. oleracea var. gongylodes) e dois de rabanete (Raphanus sativus). A avaliação da patogenicidade dos isolados da bactéria, frente aos hospedeiros em estudo, demonstrou que 14 deles não apresentaram especificidade, originando sintomas em todas as diferentes plantas inoculadas. Os 19 isolados restantes, entretanto, apresentaram relativo grau de especificidade, não causando doença em uma ou mais das plantas inoculadas.

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27

Lee, Seung-Don, Jung-Hee Lee, Sun-Yee Kim, Yong-Ki Kim, Yong-Hoon Lee, Sung-Gi Heu e Dong-Soo Ra. "Black Rot of Broccoli Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris". Research in Plant Disease 12, n. 2 (1 agosto 2006): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2006.12.2.134.

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28

Tseng, Y. H., M. C. Lo, K. C. Lin, C. C. Pan e R. Y. Chang. "Characterization of Filamentous Bacteriophage Lf from Xanthomonas Campestris pv. Campestris". Journal of General Virology 71, n. 8 (1 agosto 1990): 1881–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-71-8-1881.

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29

Roberts, S. J., J. Brough, B. Everett e S. Redstone. "Extraction methods for Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris from brassica seed". Seed Science and Technology 32, n. 2 (1 luglio 2004): 439–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2004.32.2.15.

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30

Turner, Peter, Christine Barber e Michael Daniels. "Evidence for clustered pathogenicity genes in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris". Molecular and General Genetics MGG 199, n. 2 (maggio 1985): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00330277.

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31

M, Sunil, Sumangala Koulagi, Prashantha A, MG Kerutagi, Chandrakant S. Kamble, Mohana Kumara P, Smitha HS e Iranna Hejjegar. "Isolation, biochemical characterization and pathogenicity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris". International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research 8, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2024): 583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26174693.2024.v8.i1h.443.

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32

Ramos, Georgia Barros de A., e Yoko B. Rosato. "Copper accumulation in Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria". Brazilian Journal of Genetics 19, n. 4 (1996): 551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-84551996000400002.

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33

Peixoto, Ana Rosa, Rosa L. R. Mariano, José Osmã T. Moreira e Ivanise O. Viana. "Hospedeiros alternativos de Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola". Fitopatologia Brasileira 32, n. 2 (aprile 2007): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-41582007000200012.

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Abstract (sommario):

Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola (Xcv), que causa o cancro bacteriano da videira, sobrevive em plantas infectadas, epifiticamente em órgãos da parte aérea e pode ser veiculada em mudas e/ou bacelos infectados. O trabalho teve como objetivo investigar possíveis hospedeiros alternativos do patógeno, visando fornecer subsídios para o manejo da doença. A partir das plantas invasoras Alternanthera tenella, Amaranthus sp., Glycine sp. e Senna obtusifolia com sintomas similares aos do cancro bacteriano da videira, coletadas em parreirais de Juazeiro e Petrolina, no Submédio São Francisco, foram isoladas bactérias semelhantes a Xcv. No entanto, nenhuma bactéria foi isolada de plantas de Commelina benghalensis e Azadirachta indica com sintomas semelhantes. A patogenicidade dos isolados bacterianos obtidos foi confirmada em plantas de A. tenella, Amaranthus sp., Glycine sp., S. obtusifolia e em mudas de videira cv. Red Globe, em condições de casa de vegetação. As plantas invasoras Chamaesyce hirta, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Eragrostis pilosa e Pilea sp., inoculadas artificialmente com os isolados Xcv1 e UnB1216, também desenvolveram sintomas típicos do cancro bacteriano.

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34

Ducourneau, C., e P. Auriol. "Une phytotoxine de Xanthomonas campestris pv. vasculorum." Journal of Phytopathology 117, n. 4 (dicembre 1986): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1986.tb04371.x.

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35

Ducourneau, C., e P. Auriol. "Une phytotoxine de Xanthomonas campestris pv. vasculorum." Journal of Phytopathology 117, n. 4 (dicembre 1986): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1986.tb04372.x.

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36

Yuan, Wuqiao. "Culture medium for Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae". Journal of Applied Bacteriology 69, n. 6 (dicembre 1990): 798–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01576.x.

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37

TAMURA, Katsunori, Yuichi TAKIKAWA, Shinji TSUYUMU, Masao GOTO e Minoru WATANABE. "Coronatine Production by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phormiicola." Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 58, n. 2 (1992): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.58.276.

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38

SOMÉ, A., e R. SAMSON. "Isoenzyme diversity in Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae". Plant Pathology 45, n. 3 (giugno 1996): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1996.d01-152.x.

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39

Lange, H. W., M. A. Tancos, M. O. Carlson e C. D. Smart. "Diversity of Xanthomonas campestris Isolates from Symptomatic Crucifers in New York State". Phytopathology® 106, n. 2 (febbraio 2016): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-06-15-0134-r.

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Abstract (sommario):

To assess the diversity of Xanthomonas campestris spp. infecting crucifers in New York, 154 isolates were collected over 10 years across the state. The goal was to determine if isolates of the pathogen were overwintering in New York and serving as primary inoculum in subsequent years, or if novel isolates were entering the state each year. Pure cultures of isolates were characterized using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), a greenhouse pathogenicity assay, repetitive element-polymerase chain reaction (Rep-PCR) using the BOX-A1R primer, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The MLSA scheme proved to be more efficient than Rep-PCR for a large sample population and for comparison with global isolates. X. campestris isolated from crucifers in New York comprised of X. campestris pv. campestris and X. campestris pv. raphani, with X. campestris pv. raphani being predominately isolated from transplants. Evidence for unique haplotypes persisting on the same farm for several years due to improper seedbed rotations was documented in addition to novel haplotypes being spread throughout states through infected transplants and seed. Rep-PCR confirmed the high diversity of X. campestris and was used to generate 15 unique fingerprint patterns from isolates collected in the first 5 years. A worldwide comparison of isolates suggests that the X. campestris pv. campestris population appears to be very homogenous with dominant haplotypes persisting for extended periods and being globally disseminated.

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40

Jiang, Bo-Le, Jiao Liu, Li-Feng Chen, Ying-Ying Ge, Xiao-Hong Hang, Yong-Qiang He, Dong-Jie Tang, Guang-Tao Lu e Ji-Liang Tang. "DsbB Is Required for the Pathogenesis Process of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris". Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 21, n. 8 (agosto 2008): 1036–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-21-8-1036.

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Abstract (sommario):

The DsbA/DsbB oxidation pathway is one of the two pathways that catalyze disulfide bond formation of proteins in the periplasm of gram-negative bacteria. It has been demonstrated that DsbA is essential for multiple virulence factors of several animal bacterial pathogens. In this article, we present genetic evidence to show that the open reading frame XC_3314 encodes a DsbB protein that is involved in disulfide bond formation in periplasm of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the causative agent of crucifer black rot disease. The dsbB mutant of X. campestris pv. campestris exhibited attenuation in virulence, hypersensitive response, cell motility, and bacterial growth in planta. Furthermore, mutation in the dsbB gene resulted in ineffective type II and type III secretion systems as well as flagellar assembly. These findings reveal that DsbB is required for the pathogenesis process of X. campestris pv. campestris.

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41

Vicente, J. G., B. Everett e S. J. Roberts. "Identification of Isolates that Cause a Leaf Spot Disease of Brassicas as Xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani and Pathogenic and Genetic Comparison with Related Pathovars". Phytopathology® 96, n. 7 (luglio 2006): 735–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-0735.

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Abstract (sommario):

Twenty-five Xanthomonas isolates, including some isolates received as either X. campestris pv. armoraciae or pv. raphani, caused discrete leaf spot symptoms when spray-inoculated onto at least one Brassica oleracea cultivar. Twelve of these isolates and four other Xanthomonas isolates were spray- and pin-inoculated onto 21 different plant species/cultivars including horseradish (Armoracia rusticana), radish (Raphanus sativus), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). The remaining 13 leaf spot isolates were spray-inoculated onto a subset of 10 plant species/cultivars. The leaf spot isolates were very aggressive on several Brassica spp., radish, and tomato causing leaf spots and dark sunken lesions on the middle vein, petiole, and stem. Based on the differential reactions of several Brassica spp. and radish cultivars, the leaf spot isolates were divided into three races, with races 1 and 3 predominating. A differential series was established to determine the race-type of isolates and a gene-for-gene model based on the interaction of two avirulence genes in the pathogen races and two matching resistance genes in the differential hosts is proposed. Repetitive-DNA polymerase chain reaction-based fingerprinting was used to assess the genetic diversity of the leaf spot isolates and isolates of closely related Xanthomonas pathovars. Although there was variability within each race, the leaf spot isolates were clustered separately from the X. campestris pv. campestris isolates. We propose that X. campestris isolates that cause a nonvascular leaf spot disease on Brassica spp. should be identified as pv. raphani and not pv. armoraciae. Race-type strains and a neopathotype strain for X. campestris pv. raphani are proposed.

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42

Zhou, Lian, Ming Li, Xing-Yu Wang, Hao Liu, Shuang Sun, Haifeng Chen, Alan Poplawsky e Ya-Wen He. "Biosynthesis of Coenzyme Q in the Phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris via a Yeast-Like Pathway". Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 32, n. 2 (febbraio 2019): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-07-18-0183-r.

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Abstract (sommario):

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a lipid-soluble membrane component found in organisms ranging from bacteria to mammals. The biosynthesis of CoQ has been intensively studied in Escherichia coli, where 12 genes (ubiA, -B, -C, -D, -E, -F, -G, -H, -I, -J, -K, and -X) are involved. In this study, we first investigated the putative genes for CoQ8 biosynthesis in the phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris using a combination of bioinformatic, genetic, and biochemical methods. We showed that Xc_0489 (coq7Xc) encodes a di-iron carboxylate monooxygenase filling the E. coli UbiF role for hydroxylation at C-6 of the aromatic ring. Xc_0233 (ubiJXc) encodes a novel protein with an E. coli UbiJ-like domain organization and is required for CoQ8 biosynthesis. The X. campestris pv. campestris decarboxylase gene remains unidentified. Further functional analysis showed that ubiB and ubiK homologs ubiBXc and ubiKXc are required for CoQ8 biosynthesis in X. campestris pv. campestris. Deletion of ubiJXc, ubiBXc, and ubiKXc led to the accumulation of an intermediate 3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid. UbiKXc interacts with UbiJXc and UbiBXc to form a regulatory complex. Deletion analyses of these CoQ8 biosynthetic genes indicated that they are important for virulence in Chinese radish. These results suggest that the X. campestris pv. campestris CoQ8 biosynthetic reactions and regulatory mechanisms are divergent from those of E. coli. The variations provide an opportunity for the design of highly specific inhibitors for the prevention of infection by the phytopathogen X. campestris pv. campestris.

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43

Evseev, Peter V., Rashit I. Tarakanov, Ha T. N. Vo, Natalia E. Suzina, Anna A. Vasilyeva, Alexander N. Ignatov, Konstantin A. Miroshnikov e Fevzi S. U. Dzhalilov. "Characterisation of New Foxunavirus Phage Murka with the Potential of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Control". Viruses 16, n. 2 (27 gennaio 2024): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16020198.

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Abstract (sommario):

Phages of phytopathogenic bacteria are considered to be promising agents for the biological control of bacterial diseases in plants. This paper reports on the isolation and characterisation of a new Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris phage, Murka. Phage morphology and basic kinetic characteristics of the infection were determined, and a phylogenomic analysis was performed. The phage was able to lyse a reasonably broad range (64%, 9 of the 14 of the Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strains used in the study) of circulating strains of the cabbage black rot pathogen. This lytic myovirus has a DNA genome of 44,044 bp and contains 83 predicted genes. Taxonomically, it belongs to the genus Foxunavirus. This bacteriophage is promising for use as a possible means of biological control of cabbage black rot.

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44

Barak, Jeri D., e Robert L. Gilbertson. "Genetic Diversity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians, the Causal Agent of Bacterial Leafspot of Lettuce". Phytopathology® 93, n. 5 (maggio 2003): 596–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.5.596.

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Abstract (sommario):

Bacterial leafspot of lettuce (BLS), caused by Xanthomonas campes-tris pv. vitians, has become more prevalent in many lettuce-growing areas of the world over the past decade. To gain insight into the nature of these outbreaks, the genetic variation in X. campestris pv. vitians strains from different geographical locations was examined. All strains were first tested for pathogenicity on lettuce plants, and then genetic diversity was assessed using (i) gas-chromatographic analysis of bacterial fatty acids, (ii) polymerase chain reaction analysis of repetitive DNA sequences (rep-PCR), (iii) DNA sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS1) of the ribosomal RNA, (iv) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of total genomic DNA with a repetitive DNA probe, and (v) detection and partial characterization of plasmid DNA. Fatty acid analysis identified all pathogenic strains as X. campestris, but did not consistently identify all the strains as X. campestris pv. vitians. The rep-PCR fingerprints and ITS1 sequences of all pathogenic X. campestris pv. vitians strains examined were identical, and distinct from those of the other X. campestris pathovars. Thus, these characteristics did not reveal genetic diversity among X. campestris pv. vitians strains, but did allow for differentiation of X. campestris pathovars. Genetic diversity among X. campestris pv. vitians strains was revealed by RFLP analysis with a repetitive DNA probe and by characterization of plasmid DNA. This diversity was greatest among strains from different geographical regions, although diversity among strains from the same location also was detected. The results of this study suggest that these X. campestris pv. vitians strains are not clonal, but comprise a relatively homogeneous group.

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45

Vicente, J. G., J. Conway, S. J. Roberts e J. D. Taylor. "Identification and Origin of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Races and Related Pathovars". Phytopathology® 91, n. 5 (maggio 2001): 492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.5.492.

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One hundred sixty-four isolates of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and other X. campestris pathovars known to infect cruciferous hosts (X. campestris pvs. aberrans, raphani, armoraciae, and incanae) were inoculated onto a differential series of Brassica spp. to determine both pathogenicity to brassicas and race. Of these, 144 isolates were identified as X. campestris pv. campestris and grouped into six races, with races 1 (62%) and 4 (32%) being predominant. Other races were rare. The remaining 20 isolates from brassicas and other cruciferous hosts were either nonpathogenic or very weakly pathogenic on the differential series and could not be race-typed. Five of these isolates, from the ornamental crucifers wallflower (Cheiranthus cheiri), stock (Matthiola incana) and candytuft (Iberis sp.), showed clear evidence of pathovar-like specificity to the hosts of origin. A gene-for-gene model based on the interaction of four avirulence genes in X. campestris pv. campestris races and four matching resistance genes in the differential hosts is proposed. Knowledge of the race structure and worldwide distribution of races is fundamental to the search for sources of resistance and for the establishment of successful resistance breeding programs.

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46

Bianco, María Isabel, Laila Toum, Pablo Marcelo Yaryura, Natalia Mielnichuk, Gustavo Eduardo Gudesblat, Roxana Roeschlin, María Rosa Marano, Luis Ielpi e Adrián A. Vojnov. "Xanthan Pyruvilation Is Essential for the Virulence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris". Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 29, n. 9 (settembre 2016): 688–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-06-16-0106-r.

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Xanthan, the main exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesized by Xanthomonas spp., contributes to bacterial stress tolerance and enhances attachment to plant surfaces by helping in biofilm formation. Therefore, xanthan is essential for successful colonization and growth in planta and has also been proposed to be involved in the promotion of pathogenesis by calcium ion chelation and, hence, in the suppression of the plant defense responses in which this cation acts as a signal. The aim of this work was to study the relationship between xanthan structure and its role as a virulence factor. We analyzed four Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris mutants that synthesize structural variants of xanthan. We found that the lack of acetyl groups that decorate the internal mannose residues, ketal-pyruvate groups, and external mannose residues affects bacterial adhesion and biofilm architecture. In addition, the mutants that synthesized EPS without pyruvilation or without the external mannose residues did not develop disease symptoms in Arabidopsis thaliana. We also observed that the presence of the external mannose residues and, hence, pyruvilation is required for xanthan to suppress callose deposition as well as to interfere with stomatal defense. In conclusion, pyruvilation of xanthan seems to be essential for Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris virulence.

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47

Umesh, K. C., R. M. Davis e R. L. Gilbertson. "Seed Contamination Thresholds for Development of Carrot Bacterial Blight Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. carotae". Plant Disease 82, n. 11 (novembre 1998): 1271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.11.1271.

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The relationship between levels of carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) seed contamination with Xanthomonas campestris pv. carotae and (i) establishment of populations of X. campestris pv. carotae on carrot leaves and (ii) the incidence and severity of carrot bacterial blight was determined in field plots in Davis, California, in 1995 and 1996. Levels of seed contamination ranged from 0 to 1.5 × 105 CFU/g in 1995 and from 0 to 1.5 × 107 CFU/g in 1996. Seed contamination levels were positively correlated with X. campestris pv. carotae populations detected on leaves and with the incidence and severity of carrot bacterial blight. The size of X. campestris pv. carotae populations on leaves was also directly related to disease incidence. In 1996, yields were significantly reduced in plots established with seed lots having the highest levels of X. campestris pv. carotae contamination. Under the conditions of this study (i.e., a location having low rainfall and relative humidity), the threshold of seed contamination for the establishment of X. campestris pv. carotae populations on leaves and for the development of carrot bacterial blight was unexpectedly high: 104 to 105 CFU/g of seed.

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48

Chase, A. R. "Effects of Temperature and Preinoculation Light Level on Severity of Syngonium Blight Caused by Xanthomonas campestris". Journal of Environmental Horticulture 6, n. 2 (1 giugno 1988): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-6.2.61.

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The effect of temperature on growth of Xanthomonas campestris pv. syngonii isolated from Syngonium podophyllum ‘White Butterfly’ and X. campestris pv. dieffenbachiae isolated from Anthurium andraeanum was tested n vitro. Growth of X. campestris pv. syngonii occurred between 18 (65) and 32°C (90°F) (optimum 26°C [79°C]); growth of X. c. pv. dieffenbachiae occurred from 18 (65) to 34°C (93°F) (optimum 22°C [72°F]). Severity of syngonium blight was greatest for plants maintained at 30°C (86°F); no symptoms developed at temperatures below 26°C (79°F). Preinoculation light levels from 1600 to 5000 ft-c did not affect subsequent disease development on plants inoculated with X. campestris pv. syngonii.

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49

"Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, n. 5) (1 agosto 1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20046500136.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Pammell) Dowson. Hosts: Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and other crucifers. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Angola, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Sechelles, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Asia, Brunei, China, Henan, India, Assam, IARI & Indian Punjab, Rajasthan, Indonesia, Sumatra, Irian Jaya, Java, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kampuchea, Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, USSR, Ukraine, Voronezh, Siberia, Uzbekistan, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Western Australia, South Australia, Northern Territory, Victoria, Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawaii, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu, Europe, Austria, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Irish Republic, Italy, Sardinia, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Azores, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Yugoslavia, North America, Bermuda, Canada, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Mexico, USA, Central America & West Indies, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Salvador, St Kitts, St Lucia, St Vincent, Trinidad & Tobago, South America, Argentina, Brazil, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul, Chile, Surinam, Venezuela.

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50

Mortensen, Carmen Nieves. "Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (black rot)". CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (7 gennaio 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.56919.

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Abstract (sommario):

This datasheet on Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Seedborne Aspects, Impacts, Prevention/Control, Further Information.

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