Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "WSPI"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "WSPI"
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Zheng, Lijian, Juanjuan Ma, Xihuan Sun e Xianghong Guo. "Improving Leaf Photosynthetic Performance of Apple through a Novel Root-Zone Irrigation in the Loess Plateau". Agriculture 12, n. 9 (1 settembre 2022): 1362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091362.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As freshwater becomes an increasingly scarce and expensive natural resource, novel water-saving irrigation methods for dwarfing apple orchards are needed in the Loess Plateau. However, studies are lacking on the effects of novel root-zone irrigation technology on leaf-level photosynthesis, which directly determines the yield and survival ability of trees. In this study, the leaf gas characteristics and water status of five-year-old dwarfing apple trees in the Loess Plateau of China were monitored during the 2016–2017 growing seasons under water storage pit irrigation (WSPI) and surface irrigation (SI) treatments. Under WSPI, the leaf water potential (Ψm), net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), and chlorophyll content (Chl) were significantly higher than those under SI (by 12.21–28.36%), while non-photochemical quenching, superoxide dismutase, and sucrose were lower. Compared with SI, WSPI improved dwarfing apple yield by 25.4% and 26.7% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. WSPI increased the photosystem II (PSII) activity by increasing the chlorophyll fluorescence features (the potential quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), actual quantum yield (ΦII), photochemical quenching (qP), and electron transport rate (ETR)). Principal component analysis showed that Ψm, Chl, the chlorophyll fluorescence features (qP, ΦII, and ETR), Pn, and gs could represent the leaf photosynthetic difference between WSPI and SI treatments. Results indicated that apple under WSPI could improve its yield through enhancing leaf photosynthetic performance, and water storage pit irrigation is an effective root-zone irrigation method for apple orchards on the Loess Plateau.
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Liang, Zuodong, e Dong-Sheng Jeng. "A Three-Dimensional Model for the Seabed Response Induced by Waves in Conjunction with Currents in the Vicinity of an Offshore Pipeline Using OpenFOAM". International Journal of Ocean and Coastal Engineering 01, n. 03 (settembre 2018): 1850004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2529807018500045.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
To better understand the physical processes involved in the wave–seabed–pipeline interactions (WSPI), a three-dimensional numerical model for the wave-induced soil response around an offshore pipeline is proposed in this paper. Seabed instability around an offshore pipeline is one of the key factors that need to be considered by coastal engineers in the design of offshore infrastructures. Most previous investigations into the problem of WSPI have only considered wave conditions and have not included currents, despite the co-existence of waves and currents in natural ocean environments. Unlike previous studies, currents are included in the present study for the numerical modeling of WSPI, using an integrated FVM model, in which the volume-averaged Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (VARANS) equation is used to solve the mean fluid field, while Biot’s consolidation equation is used to describe the solid–pore fluid interaction in the porous medium. Numerical examples demonstrate a significant influence of ocean current direction and angle on the wave-induced pore pressures and the resultant seabed liquefaction around the pipeline, which cannot be observed in two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulation.
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Jun, Hwandon, Arin Gim, Sueyeun Oak e Donghwi Jung. "Development of a Fuzzy-Function-Based Performance Indicator for Water Distribution System’s Emergency Condition". Water 12, n. 8 (15 agosto 2020): 2296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082296.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Emergency interconnected operation (EIO) between adjacent blocks in a water distribution system (WDS) is one of the most effective countermeasures of a water utility when abnormal conditions (e.g., suspended water supply, pipe burst) occur at a certain location. For improved WDS operation and management, calculating a reliable performance indicator that accurately represents the states of consumers under both normal and abnormal conditions is essential. In this study, a water supply performance indicator (WSPI) was developed for assessing the hydraulic performance of a WDS in terms of consumer usability and satisfaction. A fuzzy function is used to represent the consumer satisfaction with the water supply level, and the satisfaction of different consumers can be adjusted by setting the variables of the fuzzy function. The WSPI can be applied to a hydraulic analysis model based on data from an actual WDS to assess the water supply capacity for each node and the entire network. It can also be used in an advanced pressure-driven analysis model to assess the WDS performance under various abnormal conditions. The proposed WSPI was applied to six suspended water supply scenarios of an actual WDS with and without EIO to assess the effectiveness of this countermeasure.
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Goharian, Erfan, e Steven J. Burian. "Developing an integrated framework to build a decision support tool for urban water management". Journal of Hydroinformatics 20, n. 3 (8 febbraio 2018): 708–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2018.088.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This paper presents an integrated, computer-based generic framework to couple urban water related models into a decision support tool (DST) for urban-water management. The DST, built on a participatory modelling approach, enables stakeholders to analyze impacts of climate variation, population growth, and alternative management solutions ranging from centralized to distributed options. The coupling of external models, building of the DST, and execution of simulation processes is achieved by employing GoldSim, which is linked to a database management tool and a shared library. A post-processing package generates outcomes for decision makers in the form of a new criterion, the Water System Performance Index (WSPI). The application of DST is demonstrated for the water service area of the Salt Lake City Department of Public Utilities (SLCDPU). Results show that a decentralized alternative increases the reliability of the system without changing the system's vulnerability. Centralized alternative improves the overall performance of the system based on WSPI results, but decrease in performance is still noticeable under the hot and dry climate condition. Overall, the system is very sensitive to changes in climatic conditions. Results show that during droughts, supply management is not the sole solution and compulsory demand-management practices should be instigated.
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Cheng, Qiyun, Juanjuan Ma, Rong Ren, Lijian Zheng, Xianghong Guo e Xihuan Sun. "Effects of Fertilization Management under WSPI on Soil Nitrogen Distribution and Nitrogen Absorption in Apple Orchard in Loess Plateau". Agronomy 10, n. 9 (14 settembre 2020): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091386.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Water storage pit irrigation (WSPI) has been proven effective in improving the water use efficiency of fruit trees in Loess Plateau, but so far there are still no matching efficient fertilization management methods. A two-year experiment was conducted to explore the management strategy of fertilization under the consideration of apple production and environmental sustainability. N isotope tracer technique was used to study the distribution of labelled nitrogen in soil, leaf, root and fruit. Moreover, the yield in different fertilizer managements were observed to evaluate the apple production. The results showed that increasing the amount of fertilizer could increase the accumulation of fertilizer nitrogen in soil, but also increased the risk of nitrogen leaching. Under the same amount of fertilizer, split fertilization can effectively increase of fertilizer nitrogen in soil by a mean of 4.7 times. Further, N300 application with split fertilization effectively increased apple yield. The yield of N300II treatment was higher than other treatment by maximum 68.5%. In addition, the root system mainly absorbed the fertilizer nitrogen applied in the current year, and the fruit mainly absorbed the fertilizer nitrogen applied in the previous year, but there was no significant difference in the leaves.
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Chatsuwan, Niphattha, Sitthipong Nalinanon, Yuporn Puechkamut, Buddhi P. Lamsal e Praphan Pinsirodom. "Characteristics, Functional Properties, and Antioxidant Activities of Water-Soluble Proteins Extracted from Grasshoppers, Patanga succincta and Chondracris roseapbrunner". Journal of Chemistry 2018 (15 novembre 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6528312.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Water-soluble proteins extracted from two species of grasshoppers, Patanga succincta (WSPP) and Chondracris roseapbrunner (WSPC), were characterized as well as their functional properties and antioxidant activities were investigated. The extraction yield, on a wet weight basis, was 7.35% and 7.46% for WSPP and WSPC, respectively. The most abundant amino acid in both proteins was glutamic acid, followed by aspartic, alanine, and leucine, in that order. The electrophoretic study revealed that proteins with MW of 29, 42, 50, 69, and 146 kDa were the major protein components in WSPP and WSPC. FTIR analysis showed that those proteins remained their structural integrity. The surface hydrophobicity at pH 7 of WSPC was higher than WSPP, but the sulfhydryl group content did not show significant difference between the proteins from two species. Both grasshopper proteins were mostly soluble in strong acidic and alkaline aqueous solutions with a minimum value at pH 4. Those proteins exhibited poor emulsifying properties and foaming capacity, but they had greater foaming stability compared with bovine serum albumin (BSA) (p<0.05). WSPC showed greater DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging activities and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) than did WSPP (p<0.05). Therefore, based on characteristics and functional properties, water-soluble proteins from both edible grasshoppers can be used as an ingredient in food applications.
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Gelting, Richard J., Kristin Delea e Elizabeth Medlin. "A conceptual framework to evaluate the outcomes and impacts of water safety plans". Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 2, n. 2 (1 giugno 2012): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2012.079.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A Water Safety Plan (WSP) is a preventive, risk management approach to ensure drinking water safety. The World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines place WSPs within a larger 'framework for safe drinking-water' that links WSPs to health, creating an implicit expectation that implementation of WSPs will safeguard health in areas with acceptable drinking water quality. However, many intervening factors can come between implementation of an individual WSP and ultimate health outcomes. Evaluating the impacts of a WSP, therefore, requires a much broader analysis than simply looking at health improvements. Until recently, little guidance for the monitoring and evaluation of WSPs existed. Drawing examples from existing WSPs in various regions, this paper outlines a conceptual framework for conducting an overall evaluation of the various outcomes and impacts of a WSP. This framework can provide a common basis for implementers to objectively monitor and evaluate the range of outcomes and impacts from WSPs, as well as a common understanding of the time frames within which those results may occur. As implementers understand the various outcomes and impacts of WSPs beyond health, a strong evidence base for the effectiveness of WSPs will develop, further enabling the scaling up of WSP implementation and provision of better quality water.
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Lockhart, Gabriella, William E. Oswald, Brian Hubbard, Elizabeth Medlin e Richard J. Gelting. "Development of indicators for measuring outcomes of water safety plans". Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 4, n. 1 (21 ottobre 2013): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.159.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Water safety plans (WSPs) are endorsed by the World Health Organization as the most effective method of protecting a water supply. With the increase in WSPs worldwide, several valuable resources have been developed to assist practitioners in the implementation of WSPs, yet there is still a need for a practical and standardized method of evaluating WSP effectiveness. In 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published a conceptual framework for the evaluation of WSPs, presenting four key outcomes of the WSP process: institutional, operational, financial and policy change. In this paper, we seek to operationalize this conceptual framework by providing a set of simple and practical indicators for assessing WSP outcomes. Using CDC's WSP framework as a foundation and incorporating various existing performance monitoring indicators for water utilities, we developed a set of approximately 25 indicators of institutional, operational, financial and policy change within the WSP context. These outcome indicators hold great potential for the continued implementation and expansion of WSPs worldwide. Having a defined framework for evaluating a WSP's effectiveness, along with a set of measurable indicators by which to carry out that evaluation, will help implementers assess key WSP outcomes internally, as well as benchmark their progress against other WSPs in their region and globally.
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Gittoes, Elise, Elias Mpofu e Lynda R. Matthews. "Rehabilitation Counsellor Preferences for Rural Work Settings: Results and Implications of an Australian Study". Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 17, n. 1 (1 giugno 2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jrc.17.1.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis study sought to identify influences on rehabilitation counsellors' preference to work in rural areas, including their recruitment to, and retention in, rural work settings. Participants were 38 practicing rehabilitation counsellors (31% males) recruited through the Australian Society of Rehabilitation Counsellors and the Rehabilitation Counselling Association of Australasia. The mean age of participants was 38.67 years (SD= 12.9 years, age range, 25 to 65 years). Nineteen (50%) were working in rural areas at the time of the survey. A specifically designed survey, the Work Setting Preference Inventory (WSPI), which incorporated both quantitative and qualitative response options, was used to collect data. Analysis involved open coding of data into themes that emerged from the participants' responses. Descriptive statistical analysis was applied to quantify the prevalence or salience of particular themes. Results suggest that participants perceived preference to work in rural area to be influenced by the unique lifestyle of rural communities and family friendly employer policies. They perceived the availability of employment and training opportunities and supplemental financial compensations as incentives to attract rehabilitation counsellors to work in rural areas. Programs to recruit rehabilitation counsellors to rural areas should address employee lifestyle preferences in the context their overall career development.
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String, Gabrielle, e Daniele Lantagne. "A systematic review of outcomes and lessons learned from general, rural, and country-specific Water Safety Plan implementations". Water Supply 16, n. 6 (14 maggio 2016): 1580–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.073.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Water Safety Plans (WSPs) are a comprehensive risk assessment and management approach to water delivery that were internationally recommended in 2004. WSPs consist of five implementation steps, followed by evaluation. To date, approximately 90 countries have implemented WSPs; however widespread uptake is limited by lack of documented outcomes and impacts. We conducted a systematic review to collate outcomes, impacts, and lessons learned from WSPs developed in general, rural, and three case-study country contexts. Overall, 53 documents met inclusion criteria. In general contexts, the need for institutional support during WSP implementation was highlighted. In rural applications, the need to simplify the WSP process and provide community support was emphasized. In case-study countries, we found the WSP process was selectively adapted and integrated within existing programs. In outcome and impact evaluations, financial outcomes have the clearest evidence base, while operational outcomes are documented most frequently, particularly in relation to infrastructure improvements. However, evidence is lacking on institutional and policy outcomes and impacts of WSPs. To ensure WSPs reach their potential for improving water delivery and management, support should be provided to implementers, outcomes and impacts of urban, peri-urban, and rural WSP implementations should be evaluated, and adaptation of WSPs locally encouraged.
Tesi sul tema "WSPI"
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Shabani, Behnam. "Wave-Associated Seabed Behaviour near Submarine Buried Pipelines". University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3532.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Master of Engineering (Research)Soil surrounding a submarine buried pipeline consolidates as ocean waves propagate over the seabed surface. Conventional models for the analysis of soil behaviour near the pipeline assume a two-dimensional interaction problem between waves, the seabed soil, and the structure. In other words, it is often considered that water waves travel normal to the orientation of pipeline. However, the real ocean environment is three-dimensional and waves approach the structure from various directions. It is therefore the key objective of the present research to study the seabed behaviour in the vicinity of marine pipelines from a three-dimensional point of view. A three-dimensional numerical model is developed based on the Finite Element Method to analyse the so-called momentary behaviour of soil under the wave loading. In this model, the pipeline is assumed to be rigid and anchored within a rigid impervious trench. A non-slip condition is considered to exist between the pipe and the surrounding soil. Quasi-static soil consolidation equations are then solved with the aid of the proposed FE model. In this analysis, the seabed behaviour is assumed to be linear elastic with the soil strains remaining small. The influence of wave obliquity on seabed responses, i.e. the pore pressure and soil stresses, are then studied. It is revealed that three-dimensional characteristics systematically affect the distribution of soil response around the circumference of the underwater pipeline. Numerical results suggest that the effect of wave obliquity on soil responses can be explained through the following two mechanisms: (i) geometry-based three-dimensional influences, and (ii) the formation of inversion nodes. Further, a parametric study is carried out to investigate the influence of soil, wave and pipeline properties on wave-associated pore pressure as well as principal effective and shear stresses within the porous bed, with the aid of proposed three-dimensional model. There is strong evidence in the literature that the failure of marine pipelines often stems from the instability of seabed soil close to this structure, rather than from construction deficiencies. The wave-induced seabed instability is either associated with the soil shear failure or the seabed liquefaction. Therefore, the developed three-dimensional FE model is used in this thesis to further investigate the instability of seabed soil in the presence of a pipeline. The widely-accepted criterion, which links the soil liquefaction to the wave-induced excess pressure is used herein to justify the seabed liquefaction. It should be pointed out that although the present analysis is only concerned with the momentary liquefaction of seabed soil, this study forms the basis for the three-dimensional analysis of liquefaction due to the residual mechanisms. The latter can be an important subject for future investigations. At the same time, a new concept is developed in this thesis to apply the dynamic component of soil stress angle to address the phenomenon of wave-associated soil shear failure. At this point, the influence of three-dimensionality on the potentials for seabed liquefaction and shear failure around the pipeline is investigated. Numerical simulations reveal that the wave obliquity may not notably affect the risk of liquefaction near the underwater pipeline. But, it significantly influences the potential for soil shear failure. Finally, the thesis proceeds to a parametric study on effects of wave, soil and pipeline characteristics on excess pore pressure and stress angle in the vicinity of the structure.
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Prezotto, Leandro Fontes. "Tipificação de linhagens de Wolbachia do complexo Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) da região neotropical por análise de locos múltiplos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-23072013-145455/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Wolbachia é uma bactéria intracelular encontrada tanto nos tecidos somáticos quanto nos reprodutivos de diversas espécies de artrópodes e nematódeos. Estudos filogenéticos baseados nos genes 16S e ftsZ indicaram que o gênero Wolbachia congrega seis supergrupos taxonômicos (\"A\" a \"F\"). Infecções por Wolbachia têm sido associadas a diversas alterações na reprodução de seus hospedeiros, p. exemplo, a incompatibilidade citoplasmática (IC), partenogênese, feminização de machos genéticos e morte dos machos. A identificação das diferentes cepas da bactéria é mais precisa quando a análise por locos múltiplos (MLST) é aplicada. Infecção por Wolbachia foi descrita em diversas espécies de moscas-das-frutas da familia Tephritidae, Bactrocera ascita, Rhagoletis cerasi, Ceratitis capitata, nas quais a bactéria induz a incompatibilidade citoplasmática. No gênero Anastrepha, endêmico do Continente Americano, infecção por Wolbachia foi descrita em várias espécies pela análise do gene wsp, existindo também a indicação de que IC mediada por Wolbachia ocorra em duas espécies do grupo fraterculus. A ocorrência de IC aliada à sugestão do emprego da Wolbachia em programas de controle populacional das moscas-das-frutas, impõem a necessidade de uma caracterização mais precisa das diferentes cepas da Wolbachia. No presente trabalho foram amplificados e sequenciados fragmentos dos genes gatB, coxA, hcpA, ftsZ e fbpA, que integram a metodologia de MLST (\"Multiloci Sequence Typing\") e do gene wsp da Wolbachia. Foram analisadas amostras populacionais do complexo de espécies crípticas de Anastrepha fraterculus do Brasil e da Argentina, Peru, Equador, Colômbia, Guatemala e México, além de amostras de Anastrepha obliqua do Brasil. Todas as amostras estavam infectadas com Wolbachia do supergrupo \"A\". Para os cinco genes, foram encontrados haplótipos únicos e outros já descritos anteriormente, determinando, assim, os alelos de cada um presentes nas amostras. O conjunto de cinco alelos de cada amostra determinou a linhagem da bactéria que estava presente. Comparação entre as análises filogenéticas das sequências de cada um dos genes isoladamente, mostrou discordância nas relações entre os alelos e amostras populacionais. As sequências dos cinco genes concatenadas, com 2079 pb, foram analisadas tendo sido encontrados 20 linhagens, com distâncias variando de 0,001 a 0,058. A análise filogenética isolou as linhagens de Wolbachia obtidas das amostras de Anastrepha em clados distintos, demonstrando que diferentes linhagens estão presentes nesses hospedeiros e regiões geográficas. Mostrou, também, que pode ocorrer mais que uma cepa de Wolbachia em uma mesma amostra populacional. Uma das linhagens foi detectada em duas espécies do complexo fraterculus e é, também, a mais comumente encontrada (ST1) em diferentes organismos. As sequências do wsp tinham cerca de 500 pb, tendo sido encontradas 22 sequências distintas. O nível de variabilidade de nucleotídeos não é uniforme ao longo do gene, formando um padrão com quatro regiões hipervariáveis, \"HVRs\". As distâncias genéticas entre os haplótipos de wsp mostrou uma variação de 0,001 a 0,235. Foram observadas evidências de recombinação intragência entre os haplótipos do gene wsp. A análise filogenética também isolou os haplótipos de Wolbachia em clados distintos, porém, em contraste com o MLST, a árvore do gene wsp, não suporta os grupos monofiléticos gerados pelo MLST. Os resultados mostram que linhagens similares de Wolbachia estão disseminadas por vasta extensão do Continente Americano, além da presença de linhagens específicas em determinadas áreas geográficas. Análises de ovários e testículos de indivíduos infectados e não infectados (curados por tratamento térmico) de A. sp. 1 e de A. obliqua foram feitas para avaliar possíveis efeitos da Wolbachia nesses hospedeiros. A análise das preparações dos ovários, coradas pelo DAPI, não mostrou diferenças perceptíveis nesta análise morfológica entre fêmeas infectadas e não infectadas, de ambas as espécies. A produção de espermatozoides aumenta progressivamente durante alguns dias, após a emergência das imagos, e cai nos dias seguintes. A análise da produção de espermatozoides pelos machos infectados e pelos curados mostrou que as diferenças entre eles não foram significativas, em ambas as espécies de hospedeiros. Foram feitas estimativas da fecundidade de fêmeas infectadas e não infectadas, de ambas as espécies. Mostrou-se que fêmeas infectadas são mais fecundas que as não infectadas em A. sp.1, mas mostram fecundidade similar em A. obliqua. As taxas de eclosão de larvas foram também estimadas em cruzamentos intraespecíficos compatíveis (fêmeas infectadas ou não cruzadas com machos não infectados) e cruzamentos incompatíveis (fêmeas não infectadas cruzadas com machos infectados) de ambas as espécies. A fertilidade foi significativamente mais elevada entre os ovos produzidos pelas fêmeas infectadas, de ambas as espécies. Foi observado que machos infectados, em ambas as espécies, estão relacionados com os cruzamentos onde ocorreram as taxas mais altas de eclosão. Analisando os cruzamentos incompatíveis, foi demonstrada a presença de incompatibilidade citoplasmática (IC), como seria esperado pela atuação da Wolbachia. Foi mostrado um alto valor para os índices de IC em A. sp,1 (IC= 54,01%) e em A. obliqua (IC = 66,2%). Os resultados sugerem que podem existir relações mutualísticas insipientes da Wolbachia com suas espécies de Anastrepha hospedeirasWolbachia is an intracellular bacteria found in somatic and in the reproductive tissues of various arthropods and nematodes. Phylogenetic studies based on 16S and ftsZ genes indicated the existence of six Wolbachia taxonomic supergroups (\"A\" through \"F\"). Infection of Wolbachia have been linked to several changes in the reproduction of their hosts, like cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), parthenogenesis, feminization of genetic males and male killing. T Wolbachia infection has been described in several species of fruit flies of the family Tephritidae, like Bactrocera ascita, Rhagoletis cerasi, Ceratitis capitata, in which the bacteria induces cytoplasmic incompatibility. In Anastrepha, endemic to the American Continent, Wolbachia infection has been described in several species by analysis of the wsp gene, and there is also indications that Wolbachia-mediated CI occurs in two species of the fraterculus group. The occurrence of CI coupled with the suggestion of the use of Wolbachia in population supression programs, impose the need for a more precise characterization of the different strains of Wolbachia. The identification of the different strains of the bacteria is most accurate when the methodology of multiple loci (MLST) is applied. In this study fragments of genes gatB, coxA, hcpA, ftsZ and fbpA, integrating the methodology MLST, and of wsp gene were amplified and sequenced. Population samples of the Anastrepha fraterculus.complex of cryptic species from Brasil, Argentina, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Guatemala and Mexico, and samples of A. oblique from Basil were analysed. All samples were infected with supergroup \"A\" Wolbachia. For each of the five MLST genes, unique as well already known haplotypes were found. Phylogenetic analyses of each gene isolated showed incongruences in the relationships among haplotypes and population samples. The concatenated sequences of the five genes, with 2079 bp, were analyzed and 20 haplotypes were found, with distances ranging from 0.001 to 0.058. Phylogenetic analysis of Wolbachia isolated haplotypes into distinct clades, demonstrating that different strains of Wolbachia were present in these hosts, and in distinct geographic areas. Hosts specific haplotypes were found as well as more than one strain of Wolbachia was found in given population samples. A haplotypes (ST1) was detected in two species of the complex and is also the most commonly found in different organisms. Twenty two different sequences of about 500 bp were found for the wsp gene. The level of nucleotide variability is not uniform along the gene, forming a pattern with four hypervariable regions, HVRs. Genetic distances between haplotypes showed a variation from 0.001 to 0.235. Phylogenetic analysis of the haplotypes also isolated Wolbachia into distinct clades, but in contrast to the MLST, the tree formed by wsp gene does not support the monophily of some groups. The data show that strains of Wolbachia are disseminated along the American Continent, and also that there are specific strains in determined geographic areas. Analyses of ovaries and testes from infected and non infected (cured by heat treatment) individuals of A. sp. 1 and A. obliqua were made in search of possible effects of Wolbachia on its hosts. Ovaries from infected and cured females of both species, stained by DAPI, showed no visible differences in this morphological analysis. The production of sperms increases during few days after ermergence and drops out later one. Analysis of infected and cured males showed that the production of sperms were not significant between them, for both the host species. Fecundity of infected females of A, sp.1 was significantly higher than that of cured females, but was similar in A. obliqua, Egg hatching was scored in compatible intraspecies crosses and also in incompatibles crosses, of both species. Fertility was significntly higher for infected females of both species. Infected males of both species were found associated to crosses in which the higher egg hatching was observed. Analyses of incompatible crosses showed that CI occurred at high rates in A. sp.1 (CI = 54.01%) and in A. obliqua (CI = 66.2%). The data suggest that an incipient mutualism may be present in the relationships of Wolbachia and its Anastrepha hosts
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Schwartz, Kerry, Candice Rupprecht, Mary Ann Stoll, Holly Thomas-Hillburn, Tasha Krecek-Lynch, Alex Prescott e Sushmita Ramaswamy. "Water Scene Investigation (WSI) Program". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/298147.
Testo completo
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Ophoff, Jacobus Albertus. "WSP3: a web service model for personal privacy protection". Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/272.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The prevalent use of the Internet not only brings with it numerous advantages, but also some drawbacks. The biggest of these problems is the threat to the individual’s personal privacy. This privacy issue is playing a growing role with respect to technological advancements. While new service-based technologies are considerably increasing the scope of information flow, the cost is a loss of control over personal information and therefore privacy. Existing privacy protection measures might fail to provide effective privacy protection in these new environments. This dissertation focuses on the use of new technologies to improve the levels of personal privacy. In this regard the WSP3 (Web Service Model for Personal Privacy Protection) model is formulated. This model proposes a privacy protection scheme using Web Services. Having received tremendous industry backing, Web Services is a very topical technology, promising much in the evolution of the Internet. In our society privacy is highly valued and a very important issue. Protecting personal privacy in environments using new technologies is crucial for their future success. These facts, combined with the detail that the WSP3 model focusses on Web Service environments, lead to the following realizations for the model: The WSP3 model provides users with control over their personal information and allows them to express their desired level of privacy. Parties requiring access to a user’s information are explicitly defined by the user, as well as the information available to them. The WSP3 model utilizes a Web Services architecture to provide privacy protection. In addition, it integrates security techniques, such as cryptography, into the architecture as required. The WSP3 model integrates with current standards to maintain their benefits. This allows the implementation of the model in any environment supporting these base technologies. In addition, the research involves the development of a prototype according to the model. This prototype serves to present a proof-of-concept by illustrating the WSP3 model and all the technologies involved. The WSP3 model gives users control over their privacy and allows everyone to decide their own level of protection. By incorporating Web Services, the model also shows how new technologies can be used to offer solutions to existing problem areas.
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Paradis, Frédérik. "Local Routing in Spanners Based on WSPDs". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36574.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The well-separated pair decomposition (WSPD) of the complete Euclidean graph
defined on points in R 2 , introduced by Callahan and Kosaraju [JACM, 42 (1): 67-90,
1995], is a technique for partitioning the edges of the complete graph based on length
into a linear number of sets. Among the many different applications of WSPDs,
Callahan and Kosaraju proved that the sparse subgraph that results by selecting an
arbitrary edge from each set (called WSPD-spanner) is a 1 + 8/(s − 4)-spanner, where
s > 4 is the separation ratio used for partitioning the edges.
Although competitive local-routing strategies exist for various spanners such as
Yao-graphs, Θ-graphs, and variants of Delaunay graphs, few local-routing strategies
are known for any WSPD-spanner. Our main contribution is a local-routing algorithm
with a near-optimal competitive routing ratio of 1 + O(1/s) on a WSPD-spanner.
Specifically, using Callahan and Kosaraju’s fair split-tree, we show how to build a
WSPD-spanner with spanning ratio 1 + 4/s + 4/(s − 2) which is a slight improvement
over 1 + 8/(s − 4). We then present a 2-local and a 1-local routing algorithm on
this spanner with competitive routing ratios of 1 + 6/(s − 2) + 4/s and 1 + 8/(s −
2) + 4/s + 8/s 2 , respectively. Moreover, we prove that there exists a point set for
which our WSPD-spanner has a spanning ratio of at least 1 + 8/s, thereby proving
the near-optimality of its spanning ratio and the near-optimality of the routing ratio
of both our routing algorithms.
6
Dyrebrant, Mattias, e Pontus Broberg. "Förbättringsmöjligheter av samarbetet mellan projektör & entreprenör i ett BIM-projekt". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-53280.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Detta examensarbete handlar om förbättringsmöjligheterna av kommunikationen mellan entreprenören och projektören. Dagens byggbransch är under en stor förändring till BIM och det är då extra viktigt att kommunikationen fungerar mellan parterna så samarbetet går så smidigt och problemfritt som möjligt för bästa resultat. Ett förbättrat samarbete skapar en bättre relation mellan företagen samt kan hålla ner kostnader och tid för projektet. För att komma fram till det bästa resultatet på arbetet har intervjuer gjorts med både entreprenören samt projektören i projektet Stenkumla - Dunsjö. Entreprenören i projektet är Skanska och projektören är WSP. De flesta intervjuer som har gjorts har varit med entreprenörerna för att ta reda på vad det är de saknar. Resultatet från intervjuerna har sedan diskuterats med projektörerna för att se om de visste om de synpunkter som entreprenörerna hade och om de hade en lösning. Efter intervjuerna visade det sig att de flesta entreprenörerna ansåg att en pusselbit som saknades var utbildning, de ansåg att de inte hade fått tillräckligt med utbildning för att till exempel använda modellen på bästa sätt. Eftersom BIM är ett nytt arbetssätt där modellen är en central del ansågs denna punkt viktig. Det kom upp fler synpunkter från entreprenören där vissa synpunkter endast handlade om brist på kommunikation och där många handlade om bristen på utbildning. Resultatet kan leda till att företagen öppnar fler dialoger och sätter mer tid till lyssna vad som kan förbättras.This degree project is about improving the possibilities of communication between the entrepreneur and the projector. Today's construction industry is in a major change to BIM, and it is therefore particularly important that the communication works between the parties as cooperation goes as smoothly and seamlessly as possible for best results. An enhanced cooperation to create a better relationship between the companies and can keep down costs and time to the project. To arrive at the best result of the study interviews with both the contractor and the designer of the project Stenkumla – Dunsjö were made. The major entrepreneur of the project is Skanska and the projector isWSP. Most of the interviews that have been done have been with entrepreneur to find out what they are missing. The result of the interviews have then been discussed with the projector to see if they knew about the comments that the entrepreneurs had and if they had a solution for it already. After the interviews it turned out that most of the entrepreneurs felt that a piece of the puzzle that was missing were education, they felt that they had not received sufficient education on how to use the model in the best way. Since BIM is a new approach in which the model is a central part it was considered important. It came up more comments from the entrepreneur where the comments only were about lack of communication where many were about the lack of education. The result can lead companies to open more dialogues and puts more time to listen to what can be improved.
7
McGrath, Steven Russell. "Poultry Litter as a Nutrient Source for Low Input Forage Systems". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33082.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Despite high volumes of manure production in the Shenandoah Valley, there are still areas of forage production in the Shenandoah Valley that are nutrient deficient, because manures have traditionally been applied to higher value row crops. Furthermore, anecdotal reports have suggested that application of poultry litter to pastureland may increase the abundance of weeds. This study was conducted to compare the effects of poultry litter and inorganic fertilizers on soil fertility, aboveground botanical composition and soil seed bank composition of established mixed naturalized pastures. Two sites each had the following treatments applied for two consecutive years: 1) split application of litter: 3.36 Mg ha-1 in spring and 3.36 Mg ha-1 in summer; 2) inorganic fertilizer at same N, P and K rates as Trt. No. 1; 3) single application of litter: 6.72 Mg ha-1 in spring; 4) inorganic fertilizer at same N, P and K rates as Trt. No. 3; 5) unfertilized control. Forage yield, soil pH, Mehlich 1 P (M1P), P balance, water soluble phosphorus (WSP), shifts in aboveground botanical composition, seed bank composition, and species richness (SPR) were monitored during this experiment. In addition, we examined whether poultry litter carries germinable weed seeds that can be transferred to forage systems after application. On average, soil pH was 0.2 higher for litter than chemical fertilizer treatments, but this difference was not significant. Mehlich 1 P and WSP both increased throughout the two years, but no significant differences were found amongst split and single application or litter and inorganic fertilizers. Phosphorus balance analysis indicated that forage yield did not remove adequate P to prevent environmental concerns, when using N based applications. Fertilization increased yield 3.5 Mg ha-1 on average and yield responses to application timing and fertilizer types were similar. Desirable species abundance increased significantly (linear regression, P< 0.05) over time in both fertilizer and poultry litter application treatments. Furthermore at one site, Shenandoah County, poultry litter application actually reduced the number of weedy species in plots (P=0.04). Weedy plant abundance did not differ at either site, and no significant change in species richness (number of species/area) was observed at Rockbridge County for any treatment. No treatment effects were found for seed bank species richness and number of germinated seeds (m-2). No seedlings germinated directly from poultry litter collected from several sites in Virginia. Poultry litter was comparable to inorganic fertilizer in terms of increasing soil WSP, M1P, forage yield, and above ground composition of desirable forage species. Timing of application made no difference. Additionally, our results indicate that poultry litter has no viable seed and does not increase weed abundance in mixed naturalized pastures.Master of Science
8
Malone, Jacob. "Analysis of the structure-function relationship of WspR, a GGDEF response-regulator". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414233.
Testo completo
9
Rosinha, Rômulo Bandeira. "WSPE : um ambiente de programação peer-to-peer para a computação em grade". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11307.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Um ambiente de programação é uma ferramenta de software resultante da associa ção de um modelo de programação a um sistema de execução. O objetivo de um ambiente de programação é simpli car o desenvolvimento e a execução de aplicações em uma determinada infra-estrutura computacional. Uma infra-estrutura de Computa ção em Grade apresenta características peculiares que tornam pouco e cientes ambientes de programação existentes para infra-estruturas mais tradicionais, como máquinas maciçamente paralelas ou clusters de computadores. Este trabalho apresenta o WSPE, um ambiente de programação peer-to-peer para Computação em Grade. O WSPE oferece suporte para aplicações grid-unaware que seguem o modelo de programação de tarefas paralelas. A interface de programação WSPE é de nida através de anotações da linguagem Java. O sistema de execu- ção segue um modelo peer-to-peer totalmente descentralizado com o propósito de obter robustez e escalabilidade. Embora um sistema de execução necessite abordar diversos aspectos para se tornar completo, a concepção do sistema de execução WSPE aborda aspectos de desempenho, portabilidade, escalabilidade e adaptabilidade. Para tanto foram desenvolvidos ou adaptados mecanismos para as funções de escalonamento, de construção da rede de sobreposição e de suporte ao paralelismo adaptativo. O mecanismo de escalonamento empregado pelo sistema de execução WSPE é baseado na idéia de roubo de trabalho e utiliza uma nova estratégia que resulta em uma e ciência até cinco vezes superior quando comparada com uma estrat égia mais tradicional. Experimentos realizados com um protótipo do WSPE e também por simulação demonstram a viabilidade do ambiente de programação proposto.A programming environment is a software tool resulting from the association of a programming model to a runtime system. The goal of a programming environment is to simplify application development and execution on a given computational infrastructure. A Grid Computing infrastructure presents peculiar characteristics that make less e cient existing programming environments designed for more traditional infrastructures, such as massively parallel machines or clusters of computers. This work presents WSPE, a peer-to-peer programming environment for Grid Computing. WSPE provides support for grid-unaware applications following the task parallelism programming model. WSPE programming interface is de ned using annotations from the Java language. The runtime system follows a fully decentralized peer-to-peer model. Although several aspects must be considered in order for a runtime system to become complete, WSPE runtime system's conception considers only performance, portability, scalability and adaptability. For this purpose, mechanisms have been developed or adapted to handle scheduling, overlay network building and adaptive parallelism support functions. The scheduling mechanism employed by WSPE's runtime system is based on the idea of work stealing and uses a new strategy resulting on four times higher e ciency when compared to a more traditional strategy. Conducted experiments with WSPE's prototype and also using a simulation tool demonstrate the proposed programming environment feasibility.
10
Nandiraju, Deepti. "Efficient Traffic Diversion and Load-balancing in Multi-hop Wireless Mesh Networks". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1258477338.
Testo completoLibri sul tema "WSPI"
1
Rathus, Spencer A. Psychologia wspo ¿czesna. Gdan sk: Gdan skie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne, 2007.
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2
Niemycki, Mariusz. Na wsi. Kraków, Poland: Skrzat, 2014.
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3
Borcz, Zuzanna. Architektura wsi. Wrocław: Wydawn. Akademii Rolniczej we Wrocławiu, 2000.
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4
Wakacje na wsi. Warszawa: Czytelnik, 1985.
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5
Rydz, Eugeniusz, e Jerzy Bański. Problemy społeczne wsi. Warszawa: Komisja Geografii Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej, Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne, 2002.
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Olesiejuk, Feliks. Monografia wsi Drelów. Lublin: Urząd Gminy Drelów, woj. bialskopodlaskie, 1996.
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7
Banski, Jerzy. Geografia polskiej wsi. Warszawa: Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne, 2006.
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Krajobrazy nieistniejących wsi. Rzeszów: Libra, 2010.
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Bański, Jerzy. Geografia polskiej wsi. Warszawa: Polskie Wydawn. Ekonomiczne, 2006.
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Konferencja, Naukowa pt "Kultura Wsi Podkarpackiej" (1996 Krosno Krosno Poland). Kultura wsi podkarpackiej. Kraków: TAiWPN Universitas, 2003.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "WSPI"
1
Deussen, Thilo, Thomas R. Roth-Berghofer, Gregor Büchel e Bertin Klein. "Working Together in Philosophy and Informatics: An Introduction to the Contributions of the Second International Workshop on Philosophy and Informatics (WSPI 2005)". In Professional Knowledge Management, 580–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11590019_66.
Testo completo
2
Pedersen, Sarah. "A Scottish WSPU". In The Scottish Suffragettes and the Press, 87–109. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53834-5_5.
Testo completo
3
Lea, R. M. "A WSI Image Processor". In Wafer Scale Integration, 193–252. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1621-3_5.
Testo completo
4
Williams, Mark, Cory Benfield, Brian Warner, Moshe Zadka, Dustin Mitchell, Kevin Samuel e Pierre Tardy. "Using Twisted as a WSGI Server". In Expert Twisted, 179–221. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3742-7_5.
Testo completo
5
Bose, Prosenjit, e Tyler Tuttle. "Routing on Heavy-Path WSPD-Spanners". In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 613–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83508-8_44.
Testo completo
6
Ito, H., e N. Suzuki. "A Hyhpercube Design on WSI". In Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems, 283–94. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9957-6_23.
Testo completo
7
Merchant, H., H. Greub, R. Philhower, N. Majid e J. F. McDonald. "Piggyback WSI GaAs Systolic Engine". In Concurrent Computations, 47–64. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5511-3_4.
Testo completo
8
Delgado-Frias, José, e Will Moore. "A WSI Semantic Network Architecture". In The Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, 144–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1619-0_13.
Testo completo
9
Brewer, Joe E. "Promise and Pitfalls of WSI". In Wafer Scale Integration, 1–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1621-3_1.
Testo completo
10
Fuchs, W. Kent, e Sy-Yen Kuo. "Spare Allocation/Reconfiguration for WSI". In Wafer Scale Integration, 119–91. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1621-3_4.
Testo completoAtti di convegni sul tema "WSPI"
1
Shabani, Behnam, Dong-Sheng Jeng, Jianhong Ye e Yakun Guo. "Numerical Modelling of Wave-Induced Pore Pressure Around a Buried Pipeline: WSPI-3D Model". In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20528.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical model is developed to analyze the ocean wave-induced seabed response. The pipeline is assumed to be rigid and anchored within a trench. Quasi-static soil consolidation equations are solved with the aid of the proposed Finite Element (FE) model within COMSOL Multiphysics. The influence of wave obliquity on seabed responses, the pore pressure and soil stresses, are studied. A comprehensive tests of FE meshes is performed to determine appropriate meshes for numerical calculations. The present model is verified with the previous analytical solutions without a pipeline and two-dimensional experimental data with a pipeline. Numerical results suggest that the effect of wave obliquity on soil responses can be explained through the following two mechanisms: (i) geometry-based three-dimensional influences, and (ii) the formation of inversion nodes. However, the influences of wave obliquity on the wave-induced pore pressure are insignificant.
2
Rosinha, Romulo B., Cláudio F. R. Geyer e Patrícia Kayser Vargas. "WSPE". In the 5th international workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1376849.1376855.
Testo completo
3
Musalek, R., J. Medricky, J. Kotlan, T. Tesar, F. Lukac, P. Ctibor, K. Illkova e T. Chraska. "High Feed Rate Plasma Spraying of YSZ from Various Suspensions". In ITSC2017, a cura di A. Agarwal, G. Bolelli, A. Concustell, Y. C. Lau, A. McDonald, F. L. Toma, E. Turunen e C. A. Widener. DVS Media GmbH, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2017p0036.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract In this paper, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings were prepared by plasma spraying of ready-to-spray suspensions provided by three different manufacturers. High-enthalpy hybrid water-argon plasma torch WSPH 500 was successfully used for deposition of coatings with porous and columnar microstructure consisting of tetragonal non-transformable phase. Sensitivity of the deposition process to variation of deposition conditions was also evaluated by the change of suspension injection point position. Slight differences in the microstructures of the deposited coatings (in particular character of porosity and mutual bonding of the microsplats) were reflected in slight but measurable differences in hardness and wear resistance of the coatings indicating changes in the coating cohesion. Tensile adhesion/cohesion strength of the coatings was found to be in the range of 9 to 15 MPa. High coating porosity desirable for low thermal conductivity combined with high suspension feed rate (from about 100 to 120 ml/min in this study) makes the WSP-H coatings promising for further development for example in thermal barrier coatings applications.
4
"WSAI 2020 Preface". In 2020 2nd World Symposium on Artificial Intelligence (WSAI). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsai49636.2020.9143314.
Testo completo
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"WSAI 2020 Cover Page". In 2020 2nd World Symposium on Artificial Intelligence (WSAI). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsai49636.2020.9143273.
Testo completo
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"WSAI 2020 Copyright Page". In 2020 2nd World Symposium on Artificial Intelligence (WSAI). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsai49636.2020.9143274.
Testo completo
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"WSAI 2020 Author Index". In 2020 2nd World Symposium on Artificial Intelligence (WSAI). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsai49636.2020.9143276.
Testo completo
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"WSAI 2020 Title Page". In 2020 2nd World Symposium on Artificial Intelligence (WSAI). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsai49636.2020.9143277.
Testo completo
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"WSAI 2021 Cover Page". In 2021 3rd World Symposium on Artificial Intelligence (WSAI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsai51899.2021.9486328.
Testo completo
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Neufuss, K., J. Dubsky, P. Rohan, B. Kolman, P. Chraska, L. M. Berger, R. Zieris, S. Thiele e M. Nebelung. "Structure and Properties of CaZrO3 Coatings Prepared by WSP and APS Spraying". In ITSC2003, a cura di Basil R. Marple e Christian Moreau. ASM International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2003p1541.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract CaZrO3 is a material for thermally sprayed ceramic coatings to which so far only a little attention was paid. This material has a high melting point, good thermal stability and a coefficient of thermal expansion close to that of steel. In this paper water stabilized plasma spraying (WSPR) and atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) were used to prepare CaZrO3 coatings. The spraying feedstock was prepared from fine CaZrO3 powder by agglomeration (spray drying) and sintering. Powders with three different particle sizes (- 45 + 20 µm, - 63 + 45 µm and -90+63 µm) were used in the experiments. The coarse fractions were used for WSP spraying, while the fine one was sprayed with the APS process. Plasma sprayed materials were studied from the point of view of phase changes and influence of the powder size on structure of coatings. The changes of phase composition were studied by X-ray diffraction on coatings as well as on free flight particles. Formation of a cubic phase with a reduced content of CaO in comparison to CaZrO3 was observed. Its formation is probably connected with evaporation of CaO during spraying. This cubic phase is similar to the phase obtained by spraying of ZrO2+5%CaO. Plasma sprayed coatings were characterized by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by density and porosity. Coefficients of thermal expansion of plasma sprayed layers from CaZrO3 were measured.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "WSPI"
1
Shenker, Moshe, Paul R. Bloom, Abraham Shaviv, Adina Paytan, Barbara J. Cade-Menun, Yona Chen e Jorge Tarchitzky. Fate of Phosphorus Originated from Treated Wastewater and Biosolids in Soils: Speciation, Transport, and Accumulation. United States Department of Agriculture, giugno 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697103.bard.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Beneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levelsBeneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levels that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 >> alum-BS > BSC ≥ FBS > CaO-BS >> FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 >> alum-BS > BSC ≥ FBS > CaO-BS >> FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction.
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Fridman, Sergey V. Improved WSBI Inversion for Rothr. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, marzo 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada342960.
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Pearton, S. J., S. M. Donovan, C. R. Abernathy, F. Ren, J. C. Zolper, M. W. Cole, A. Zeitouny, M. Eizenberg e R. J. Shul. High temperature stable WSi{sub x} ohmic contacts on GaN. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/650320.
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Koren, Israel, e Dhiraj K. Pradhan. Yield and Performance Enhancement through Redundancy in VLSI and WSI Multi-Precessor Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, gennaio 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada169930.
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WSPIS. Vilnius University Press, giugno 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18279/midas.wspis.160899.
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