Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "World languages -> language -> other - world languages"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "World languages -> language -> other - world languages"
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Mahmood, Mohammed Khalid. "On the Phonetic Similarity of the Word ‘Tooth’ in Various World Languages: Linguistic Notes of a Dentist". International Journal of Social Science And Human Research 05, n. 10 (17 ottobre 2022): 4546–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i10-18.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Some languages come from historical common ancestors and they share similarity on the basis phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Some words resemble each other between remote and even unrelated languages. Apart from historical borrowing, this is mainly due to common ancestor language. Degree of lexical similarity is one of the methods to measure word and cognate resemblance between languages. For this purpose, some lists have been proposed by professionals that contain words with the slightest possibility of borrowing from another language and the highest durability throughout time. The word for ‘tooth’ is present in all these lists. This shows the stability of this word and accounts for its similitude among world languages.
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Giri, Ram Ashish. "Languages and language politics". Language Problems and Language Planning 35, n. 3 (31 dicembre 2011): 197–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.35.3.01gir.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
One of the most linguistically and culturally diversified countries in the world, Nepal is in the midst of linguistic and cultural chaos. Linguistic and cultural diversity itself is at its centre. One explanation for the sad situation is that the ruling elites, who have held power since Nepal’s inception in the eighteenth century, have conducted an invisible politics of privileging languages and of deliberately ignoring issues related to minority and ethnic languages to promote the languages of their choice. While this invisible politics of ‘unplanning’ of languages has been responsible for the loss of scores of languages, it has helped the elites to achieve ‘planned’ linguistic edge over the speakers of other languages. In the changed political climate, the Nepalese people have embarked upon a debate about what language policy the country should have and what roles and statuses should be accorded to the local/regional, national and international languages. The socio-political and linguistic context of the current language policy debate and the lack of a clear and consistent language policy allow the ruling elites to adopt an approach which in the existing situation does more harm than good.
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SELIHEY, P. O. "INTERNATIONAL AND GLOBAL LANGUAGES: CRITERIA, RATINGS, FORECASTS". Movoznavstvo 320, n. 5 (28 ottobre 2021): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33190/0027-2833-320-2021-5-002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article examines the criteria on the basis of which ratings of international languages are compiled and their future is predicted. Language’s chances of becoming international are not highly dependent on its demographic power, structural advantages or ease of learning. What matters most is the influence that speakers of the language have on other peoples. The criteria of «internationality» of the language actually coincide with the criteria of its influence, communicative value, social prestige, sociolinguistic weight. The ratings of the influence of national languages are based on various criteria: state status, communicative potential, economic power, the number of people studying it as a foreign language. These ratings reveal more essential criteria of an international language: prevalence on several continents, the status of an official language in international organizations, value as a source of modern knowledge, a large number of its speakers as a second. A specific feature that brings the international language to the class of world languages should be recognized as its worldwide prevalence. This language is used all over the world, it is spoken (as the first or second) by the majority of the world’s population, its world status is recognized in all countries. The composition of the club of leading languages is constantly changing: some languages come to it, others decrease — depending on the military-political, demographic, economic and cultural success of their speakers. Although the number of speakers of English as a second language is growing steadily, its dominance should be considered as temporary. A new hierarchy of languages may emerge in the middle of 21st century, with other major languages — Chinese, Spanish, Arabic, Hindi/Urdu, competing equally with English in their respective regions. Although state status of the Ukrainian language creates favorable preconditions for its development, it could spread much faster due to its informational value, intellectual power, cultural attractiveness and economic success of Ukraine.
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Guliyeva, Kubra. "A Number of Roots Found in the First Periods of Language Establishment and their Manifestation in the Languages of Other Systems". European Journal of Language and Literature 9, n. 1 (10 giugno 2017): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejls.v9i1.p120-122.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Turkic languages are of the distinguished languages in the world by the vocabulary richness. In these languages, the words and terms related to almost all areas of life and household are found; and the borrowed words have been included in the lexical fund of the Turkish languages only in order to enrich the language and to increase its synonyms. However, there exist such words in our language, that they have been accepted as the product of any foreign language, or presented as a lexical unit belonging to only one language in the case of belonging to many languages of the world. These include the roots such as pa-, ter- _ der-, id- _ iz.
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Djité, Paulin G. "Shifts in linguistic identities in a global world". Language Problems and Language Planning 30, n. 1 (20 febbraio 2006): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.30.1.02dji.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Language diversity and the necessity of communicating across language boundaries have almost naturally fostered a desire to learn the languages of one’s neighbors, the languages of the playground and/or the languages of the market place. This process continues to increase with internal (rural exodus) and international migration, urbanization and exogamous marriages, leading to a changing language demography, where language shift and language learning are constant and ongoing processes. A cursory look at what people have always done and do with language(s) and an epistemological approach to their language repertoire(s) suggest that individuals and communities are very active agents, whose language practices show an incredible capacity and resourcefulness in empowering themselves where and when it matters most. And yet, the concept of “linguistic identity” tries to cast a mold around individuals and speech-communities, as if they are to belong to a given language or identity to the exclusion of (an) other(s). This paper explores the concept of “linguistic identity” and asks whether it is possible to argue that we actually have one identity, whether language is intricately tied to identity or whether language itself has an identity. It concludes with some considerations about language management.
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Jassem, Zaidan Ali. "THE ARABIC COGNATES OR ORIGINS OF PLURAL MARKERS IN WORLD LANGUAGES: A RADICAL LINGUISTIC THEORY APPROACH". Indonesian EFL Journal 1, n. 2 (12 settembre 2017): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/ieflj.v1i2.623.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper traces the Arabic origins of "plural markers" in world languages from a radical linguistic (or lexical root) theory perspective. The data comprises the main plural markers like cats/oxen in 60 world languages from 14 major and minor families- viz., Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan, Afro-Asiatic, Austronesian, Dravidian, Turkic, Mayan, Altaic (Japonic), Niger-Congo, Bantu, Uto-Aztec, Tai-Kadai, Uralic, and Basque, which constitute 60% of world languages and whose speakers make up 96% of world population. The results clearly show that plural markers, which are limited to a few markers in all languages comprised of �s/-as/-at, -en, -im, -a/-e/-i/-o/-u, and �, have true Arabic cognates with the same or similar forms and meanings, whose differences are due to natural and plausible causes and different routes of linguistic change. Therefore, the results reject the traditional classification of the Comparative Method and/or Family Tree Model of such languages into separate, unrelated families, supporting instead the adequacy of the radical linguistic theory according to which all world languages are related to one another, which eventually stemmed from a radical or root language which has been preserved almost intact in Arabic as the most conservative and productive language. In fact, Arabic can be safely said to be the radical language itself for, besides other linguistic features, sharing the plural cognates in this case with all the other languages alone.Keywords: Plurality, language families and relationships, radical world language, radical linguistic theory
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Loos, Eugène. "Language policy in an enacted world". Language Problems and Language Planning 31, n. 1 (27 febbraio 2007): 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.31.1.04loo.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Increasingly, foreign contacts are a daily fact of life for many companies. It is therefore remarkable that little to no empirical research has been conducted into the language policy applied by such organizations. Companies with transnational contacts are generally assumed to use English throughout the world as a “lingua franca,” yet whether this is actually the case is questionable. In a multicultural Europe that is striving to unite, there may well be other languages that could qualify as the international language of choice. Research is needed to investigate which language or languages are chosen, by whom the choice is made and why, in certain situations, speakers switch to different languages. This article focuses on the report of an empirical study addressing these aspects. A case study of a Dutch parent company that runs a holiday centre in Germany is presented in order to analyse micro-level interactions which can only be understood by considering the language choice as a result of the way in which the environment is “enacted.” For this analysis, use was made of an interview conducted with the Dutch head of the human resources department, along with transcripts of audio-recorded conversations, and also documents such as the mission statement.
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Mugamat Mursaliyeva, Khayala. "Principles of compiling artificial languages". SCIENTIFIC WORK 56, n. 07 (4 agosto 2020): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/56/40-46.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The explosion of information and the ever-increasing number of international languages make the modern language situation very difficult. The interaction of languages ultimately leads to the creation of international artificial languages that operate in parallel with the world`s languages. The expansion of interlinguistic issues is a natural consequence of the aggravation of the linguistic landscape of the modern world. The modern interlinguistic dialect, which is defined as a field of linguistics that studies international languages and international languages as a means of communication, deals with the importance of overcoming the barrier.The problem of international artificial languages is widely covered in the writings of I.A.Baudouin de Courtenay, V.P.Qrigorev, N.L.Gudskov, E.K.Drezen, A.D.Dulchenko, M.I.Isayev, S.N.Kuznechov, A.D.Melnikov and many other scientists. Key words:the concept of natural language, the concept of artificial language, the degree of artificiality of language, the authenticity of language
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Aziz, Zulfadli A., e Robert Amery. "The Effects of a Linguistic Tsunami on the Languages of Aceh". Studies in English Language and Education 3, n. 2 (10 settembre 2016): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/siele.v3i2.4958.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The languages throughout the world are in crisis and it is estimated that 50% to 90% will have disappeared by the end of this century (Grenoble, 2012). Colonisation, nationalism, urbanisation and globalisation have resulted in a linguistic tsunami being unleashed, with a few major world languages swamping others. The rate of language loss today is unprecedented as this small number of dominant languages expands rapidly. Small minority languages are mainly in danger, but even large regional languages, such as Acehnese with millions of speakers, are unsafe. Similar to the case of a tsunami triggered by an earthquake, it is generally too late before speakers are aware of what is happening. In most cases language shift will have already progressed and irreversible before people realize it. This paper examines the early warning signs of impending language shift and what can be done for minority languages to have the best chance of survival. We draw on the local situation in Aceh, as well as other parts of the Austronesian speaking world and Australia, where the record of language loss is the worst in the world. Language shift in Australia is well-progressed; in Indonesia it is more recent. Lessons learned from places such as Australia and Taiwan have relevance for Indonesia today.
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Malinov, Alexey. "V.I. Lamansky: Civilizations and the War of Languages". Chelovek 34, n. 1 (2023): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s023620070024834-4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article deals with the problems of language and war in the civilizational concept of the Slavist Academician V.I. Lamansky. Lamansky's attitude to the Crimean War and Russian-Turkish War of 1877–1879 is traced on the basis of archival documents. His assessments of military and political events are given. It is pointed out that Lamansky's political-geographical doctrine formulated in his treatise «The Three Worlds of the Asian-European Continent» (1892) and in his earlier works, was a development of the Slavophile ideas and included the provisions later developed by Eurasianists. It is pointed out that he gave not only a geographical but also a linguistic definition of civilizations, in particular, he believed that civilizational worlds are held together by a common language (world-historical language). According to Lamansky, who formulated the doctrine of linguistic hegemony, the competition between peoples and states, including military, is replaced by the competition of world-historical languages. In Europe, he believed, three Romance languages (French, Italian and Spanish) and two Germanic languages (English and German) are struggling with each other. Of these, only Spanish and English, thanks to the vast colonies of Great Britain and the former colonies of Spain, could retain their world-historical significance. In time, he suggested, even Spain's former colonies in South America might come under Anglo-Saxon rule, and the center of the Western world would shift to the New World. In the Middle World or the Greco-Slavic world, Russian has no competitors, so it should be a common literary, scientific and diplomatic language, uniting the peoples of the Middle World in a civilizational unity. Language is the main geopolitical force through which cultural and, in the long term, political unity is first formed. Based on the philosophical and historical analysis of the contradictions between the Romano-Germanic and the Greek-Slavic worlds, Lamansky concluded that the coming world war was inevitable.
Tesi sul tema "World languages -> language -> other - world languages"
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Daniel, Bethany Rae. "Defining Critical Thinking for the 21st Century World Language Classroom". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4288.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Critical thinking has long been recognized as a valuable skill, both in education in general and within the world language teaching field specifically. In recent years, critical thinking has been identified as one of the 21st century skills that students need to succeed in modern society (Partnership, 2009). However, there is no clear, unifying definition of the term itself (Paul, 2004), and the definition of critical thinking is debated in many different fields without support from empirical data (Kuhn, 1999). Similarly, critical thinking has been often discussed in the literature as having great potential to facilitate language learning, and particularly to develop language proficiency (Gaskaree, Mashhady & Dousti, 2010; Heining-Boynton & Heining-Boynton, 1992; Hoch & Hart, 1991; Rojas, 2001; Williams, Lively & Harper, 1994). However, this discussion has not been centered around a single, clear definition or been supported by empirical research. This study attempts to fill these gaps by exploring how currently practicing world language teachers define the term critical thinking. Definitions were gathered through a survey of K-16 world language teachers from across the United States and through interviews with individual beginning level German instructors at a large, private university in the western United States. Findings revealed three primary ways in which teachers define critical thinking: first, by identifying characteristics of critical thinking; second, by discussing the thought processes and skills used in the action of critical thinking; and third, by describing the topics about which critical thinking takes place, either on the micro-level, dealing with language itself, or on the macro-level, dealing with real-world issues and themes. Based on these three areas of definition, several pedagogical implications were identified. As critical thinking is integrated as a 21st century skill into the world language classroom, the traditional roles of the teacher may need to transform, the content used in the classroom may need to change, and the activities in which students are asked to engage may likewise need to shift. The integration of these pedagogical implications into the world language classroom as a means to facilitate the development of advanced levels of language proficiency is also discussed.
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Asay, Danielle Patricia. "What, Why, and How Much?: The Integration of Culture in the Secondary Foreign Language Classroom". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6192.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Culture is an integral part of the FL classroom, yet teachers often face difficulties when incorporating it into their curricula. This survey study gathered data from teachers of many different languages, including ASL, all at the secondary level in the state of Utah. The study attempts to describe how secondary FL teachers view the role of culture in language teaching. It also details which models, means, or methods teachers use to communicate culture to their students, as well as the amount of culture included in their lesson planning, instruction, and assessment. Factors that contribute to more culture inclusion in the secondary classroom are also discussed. Findings from this study support previous research in the field, but also reveal particular definitions, insights, and dilemmas. These ideas form a basis to suggest pedagogical implications and further research for an effective model of culture integration for the FL teaching profession.
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Kargar, Dariush. "Ardāy-Vīrāf Nāma : Iranian Conceptions of the Other World". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Iranska språk, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-111264.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The present thesis consists of an edition of an Iranian literary work whose theme is a journey to the Other World, namely the Ardāy-Vīrāf Nāma. The version of this work which is here edited and commented on is a prose version in the Zoroastrian Persian language. A discussion about Iranian conceptions of the Other World is also an integrated part of the thesis. The text of the Ardāy-Vīrāf Nāma is edited employing a text critical method by using six manuscripts. The oldest manuscript, which has been used as the base manuscript for editing the text, was written in 896 A.Y. (Yazdgirdī)/1527 A.D. The edited text is also translated into English, and followed by a Commentary on names, unusual words and Zoroastrian terms used in the text. Other Iranian documents about journeys to the Other World are studied in this thesis as well, and all are compared to the Ardāy-Vīrāf Nāma. The Zoroastrian Persian version of this work is also compared to its Parsig version. The differences between the Zoroastrian Persian and the Parsig versions indicate that they have their background in two different world views. To prove this theory, some significant elements in the Zoroastrian Persian version, which demonstrate that this is a pre-Zoroastrian epic narrative, have been compared to some elements in the Parsig version that show that this is a religious Zoroastrian account. Possible reasons for the change in Ardāy-Vīrāf Nāma from a pre-Zoroastrian epic narrative into a Zoroastrian-religious one are also suggested. A king named Davānūs is one of the Ardāy-Vīrāf Nāma personages. In an appendix, the historical personality of Davānūs is discussed with reference to Arabic, Persian and Greek historiography.
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Heikinniemi-Sandstedt, Therese. "Postcolonialism - 'Other' and Madness in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea : The Mad World of Jane Eyre, Bertha Mason and Antoinette Cosway". Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-37326.
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Mattar, Karim. "The Middle Eastern novel in English : literary transnationalism after Orientalism". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dae20213-59d9-4889-9cc2-e64c66668115.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis focuses on the production, circulation, and reception of contemporary Middle Eastern literatures in Britain and the United States. I'm particularly interested in the novel form, and in assessing how both translated Middle Eastern novels and anglophone novels by migrant writers engage with dominant Anglo-American discourses of politics, gender, and religion in the region. In negotiation with Edward Said's Orientalism, I develop a materialist postcolonial critical model to analyse how such discourses undergird publishing and marketing strategies towards novels by Ibrahim Nasrallah, Hisham Matar, Yasmin Crowther, Orhan Pamuk, and others. I argue that as Middle Eastern novels travel, whether via translation or authorial acts of migration, across cultures and languages, they are reshaped according to dominant audience expectations. But, I continue, they also retain traces of their source cultures which must be brought to the surface in critical readings. Drawing on the work of David Damrosch, Pascale Casanova, Franco Moretti, and Aamir Mufti, I thus develop a reading practice, what I call 'post-Orientalist comparatism', that allows me to read past the domesticating strategies framing these novels and to newly reveal their more local, thus potentially transgressive, takes on Middle Eastern socio-political issues. I cumulatively suggest that Middle Eastern novels in English formally embody a dialectic of 'East' and 'West', of the local and the global, thus have important implications for our understanding of the English and world novel traditions. I conceive of my thesis as a dual intervention into the fields of postcolonial studies and world literature. I am primarily concerned to reorient postcolonial theory around questions of Middle Eastern literary and cultural production, areas that have been traditionally neglected due to an entrenched, but unsustainable, anglophone bias. To do so, I turn to the work of Edward Said, and rethink the foundational problematic of Orientalism with an eye towards political, material, and cultural developments since 1978, the year in which Orientalism was first published, and towards the unique transnational positionality of the genre of the Middle Eastern novel in English. I also turn to theorists of world literature such as David Damrosch in order to develop a reading practice thoroughly attentive to issues of circulation, but, along the lines set out by Aamir Mufti, seek to interrogate their work for its occlusions of the impact of orientalist discourse in the historical development of the category of 'World Literature'. My thesis thus not only draws on postcolonial and world literary theory to analyse its object, the Middle Eastern novel in English, but also demonstrates how proper attention to this object necessitates a theoretical recalibration of these fields.
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Baxter, Christina E. "The Wolf Attacks: A History of the Russo-Chechen Conflict". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2460.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the 1990s and early 2000s, the Chechens fought against the Russians for independence. The focus in the literature available has been on the wars and the atrocities caused by the wars. The literature then hypothesizes that the insurgency of today is just a continuation of the past. They do not focus on a major event in Chechen history: the Soviet liquidation of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1944. It is this author’s assertion that the liquidation of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR forever changed the mindset of the people because it fractured a society that was once unified. This project will compare the Chechen insurgency from the beginnings until the deportation and after the deportation. This will allow me to show how the deportation changed the Chechen mindset and disprove the assertion that these two Chechen wars were just a continuation of the past.
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Salmi, Charlotta. "Bloodlines, borderlines, shadowlines : forms of belonging in contemporary literature from partition areas". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8c26fce5-8454-4864-95dc-8a3f07fe29e4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis explores cosmopolitan and humanist literary interventions by Palestinian, Israeli, Indian and Pakistani writers to the rise of ‘ethnically’ defined cultural and political narratives of community. It uses a comparative framework to look at contemporary authors such as Amitav Ghosh, Raja Shehadeh, Kamila Shamsie, Uzma Aslam Khan and David Grossman, who deconstruct the biologically defined border as a repressive literary, cultural and political metaphor in favour of more open-ended categories of identity and community. I argue that in deconstructing the epistemology of the exclusive boundary through cosmopolitan and humanist philosophies, these international writers demonstrate the impossibility of shedding all borders in their own work. Their ‘borderless’ aesthetic that constantly conjures the border is thus indicative of the interrelated nature of cosmopolitan and sectarian identities in a globalized modernity. Moreover, it is suggestive of the ambivalent relationship between politically-conscious postcolonial texts (which draw political lines) and the emerging field of World literature that is coming to be defined by its ability to appeal to the 'universal'.
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Meyer, Hans Joachim. "A global language or a world of languages". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-201117.
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Hilmo, Michael S. "The Effect of Repeated Textual Encounters and Pictorial Glosses upon Acquiring Additional Word Senses". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1215.pdf.
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Bozzetti-Engstrom, Marie Linnea. "What's in a word?: Connotation in teaching English to speakers of other languages". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2078.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis focuses on connotative meaning routinely ignored or difficult to locate in the available ESL textbooks and dictionaries. This perceived absence led to the following study: a review of ESL textbooks, a review of standard monolingual English and learner dictionaries, and a survey of ESL instructors.
Libri sul tema "World languages -> language -> other - world languages"
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Deutscher, Guy. Through the language glass: Why the world looks different in other languages. New York: Metropolitan Books / Henry Holt and Co., 2010.
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Deutscher, Guy. Through the language glass: Why the world looks different in other languages. New York: Picador, 2011.
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Deutscher, Guy. Through the language glass: Why the world looks different in other languages. New York: Metropolitan Books / Henry Holt and Co., 2010.
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National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (U.S.). World languages other than English: Standards : for teachers of students ages 3-18+. Southfield, MI: National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, 2001.
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Boinod, Adam Jacot de. The meaning of tingo and other extraordinary words from around the world. New York: Penguin Press, 2006.
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Geary, James. I is an other: The secret life of metaphor and how it shapes the way we see the world. New York: Harper, 2010.
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Roche, Gerald, e Gwendolyn Hyslop. Bordering Tibetan Languages. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463725040.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bordering Tibetan Languages: Making and Marking Languages in Transnational High Asia examines the complex interactions between state, ethnic, and linguistic borders in the Himalaya. These case studies from Bhutan, China, India, and Nepal show how people in the Himalaya talk borders into existence, and also how those borders speak to them and their identities. These ‘talking borders’ exist in a world where state borders are contested, and which is being irrevocably transformed by rapid social and economic change. This book offers a new perspective on this dynamic region by centring language, and in doing so, also offers new ways of thinking about how borders and language influence each other.
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Katherine, Folliot, e Mostyn David, a cura di. Usborne round the world in French: With easy pronunciation guide. London: Usborne Publishing, 1990.
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National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (U.S.). Early and middle childhood: World languages other than English : for teachers of students ages 3-12. Arlington, Va: National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, 2002.
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In the world of Sumer: An autobiography. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1988.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "World languages -> language -> other - world languages"
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Rehm, Georg. "European Language Grid: Introduction". In European Language Grid, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17258-8_1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractEurope is a multilingual society with 24 European Union Member State languages and dozens of additional languages including regional and minority languages as well as languages spoken by immigrants, trade partners and tourists. While languages are an essential part of our cultural heritage, language barriers continue to be unbreachable in many situations. The only option to enable and to benefit from multilingualism is through Language Technologies (LTs) including Natural Language Processing (NLP), Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Speech Technologies. The commercial European LT landscape is dominated by hundreds of SMEs that develop many different kinds of LTs. While the industrial and also the academic European LT community is world-class, it is also massively fragmented. This chapter is an introduction to the present volume, which describes the European Language Grid (ELG) cloud platform, initiative and EU project. The ELG system is targeted to evolve into the primary platform and marketplace for LT in Europe by providing one umbrella platform for the entire European LT community, including research and industry, enabling all stakeholders to showcase, share and distribute their services, tools, products, datasets and other resources. At the time of writing, the ELG platform provides access to more than 13,000 commercial and non-commercial language resources and technologies covering all official EU languages and many national, co-official, regional and minority languages.
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Shakir, Muhammad. "Functions of code-switching in online registers of Pakistani English". In Varieties of English Around the World, 42–64. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g68.03sha.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter analyzes online registers of Pakistani English to identify (socio)linguistic functions for code-switching to indigenous languages. Predominantly English texts containing code-switching instances to Urdu and other Pakistani languages were selected. A corpus of about 1.2 million words was used in this study. 1811 instances of code-switching were identified and divided into seven functions of code-switching: addressee specification, emphatic, free, lexical, message qualification, quotation, and tags. The findings show that tags or discourse level items (discourse particles, idiomatic expressions, religious expressions, honorifics) are the most common functions of code-switching. The use of multilingual resources exhibits how language in Pakistan is appropriated by online writers to convey local identities and fulfil specific communicative needs.
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Mansky, William, Wolf Honoré e Andrew W. Appel. "Connecting Higher-Order Separation Logic to a First-Order Outside World". In Programming Languages and Systems, 428–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44914-8_16.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractSeparation logic is a useful tool for proving the correctness of programs that manipulate memory, especially when the model of memory includes higher-order state: Step-indexing, predicates in the heap, and higher-order ghost state have been used to reason about function pointers, data structure invariants, and complex concurrency patterns. On the other hand, the behavior of system features (e.g., operating systems) and the external world (e.g., communication between components) is usually specified using first-order formalisms. In principle, the soundness theorem of a separation logic is its interface with first-order theorems, but the soundness theorem may implicitly make assumptions about how other components are specified, limiting its use. In this paper, we show how to extend the higher-order separation logic of the Verified Software Toolchain to interface with a first-order verified operating system, in this case CertiKOS, that mediates its interaction with the outside world. The resulting system allows us to prove the correctness of C programs in separation logic based on the semantics of system calls implemented in CertiKOS. It also demonstrates that the combination of interaction trees + CompCert memories serves well as a lingua franca to interface and compose two quite different styles of program verification.
4
Melero, Maite, Pablo Peñarrubia, David Cabestany, Blanca Calvo, Mar Rodríguez, e Marta Villegas. "Language Report Spanish". In European Language Equality, 215–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28819-7_35.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractSpanish, one of the most spoken languages in the world, is not threatened by globalisation in the way other languages are and is well-supported by big technological companies, albeit still a long way from English. The number of available language resources (text, and to a lesser extent speech) in Spanish is quite large, but there is still a lack of high-quality, well-curated, annotated resources, available under open-access conditions. Initiatives at the national level, such as the Plan de Impulso de las Tecnologías del Lenguaje, have already started to address this gap.
5
Her, One-Soon, e Bing-Tsiong Li. "Chapter 5. A single origin of numeral classifiers in Asia and the Pacific". In Nominal Classification in Asia and Oceania, 113–60. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.362.05her.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A world map of more than 700 numeral classifier languages shows a pattern of distribution due to diffusion, where the classifier feature radiates outward from a clear center of clustering in Southeast Asia and classifier languages gradually thin out and with less intensive use of classifiers (Gil 2013; Her et al. 2015). A hypothesis of a single origin seems appealing to account for this particular pattern of distribution. We propose that in Asia and the Pacific numeral classifiers developed indigenously in one language group initially and all other classifier languages acquired this feature via language contact. The hypothesis thus excludes Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea, and the Americas, pending further research. Based on the evidence available, we argue that, between Tai-Kadai and Sinitic, the latter is more likely the single origin for Asia and the Pacific, and we also consider a possible cause of the rise of classifiers in Sinitic.
6
Canu Højgaard, Christian. "8. Conclusion". In Semitic Languages and Cultures, 361–76. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0376.08.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The concluding chapter summarizes the findings of the book and evaluates the methods developed and results achieved. A number of potential avenues for further research are suggested including expanding the analysis to other legal corpora of the ancient Near East for the sake of comparing the world views represented by different corpora.
7
"English and other languages". In English in the World, 257–302. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203124567-12.
Testo completo
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Labade, Sachin, Claudia Lange e Sven Leuckert. "English in India: Global Aspirations, Local Identities at the Grassroots". In Modelling World Englishes, 85–111. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474445863.003.0005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter presents the results of an attitudinal study carried out in Maharashtra, India. This study investigates in which contexts and how often Maharashtrians use English, Hindi, Marathi, and other local languages, and which language(s) they identify with. The study shows that the respondents favour different languages in different situations but primarily perceive English as the language of upward mobility. However, English is not the language that Maharashtrians in the study identify with most frequently, which suggests that language attitudes and language identity need to be teased apart more precisely in the EIF Model and in World Englishes modelling in general.
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"The other languages of Spain". In The Spanish-Speaking World, 46–57. Routledge, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203129906-11.
Testo completo
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Meijer, Eva. "Animal Languages". In When Animals Speak, 36–60. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479859351.003.0003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Chapter 2 turns the focus to non-human animal languages. The author draws on empirical studies of non-human animal languages and cultures, in order to provide a better insight into their worlds as a starting point for conceptualizing interspecies interactions and world-building. The chapter begins by discussing language research in which humans investigate the linguistic capacities of other animals through teaching them to use human language. It then discusses problems with this approach, for non-human animals and language, and examines how Ludwig Wittgenstein’s later work, and specifically his concept “language games,” can function as an alternative way of studying non-human animal languages and interspecies languages. The second half of the chapter, in which the author uses ethological studies and philosophical insights to provide a phenomenological view of language, is devoted to exploring how different functions of language can be characterized in a multispecies context. The author discusses the language games of mimicry, alarm calls, grammar, identity, and performativity, as well as meta-communication. The final section argues that we need to move from thinking about to thinking with other animals, and that we therefore need to explore the relation between language and world in an interspecies context.
Atti di convegni sul tema "World languages -> language -> other - world languages"
1
Abilova, Zulfiyya. "INFLUENCE OF OTHER LANGUAGES ON THE LEXICAL SYSTEM OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH LANGUAGE". In Proceedings of the XXIII International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25112020/7256.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Many natural languages contain a large number of borrowed words, which usually enter the language as the result of cultural-historical, socio-economic and other relations between people. The article is devoted to the English language which, in the process of its historical development, was crossed with the Scandinavian languages and the Norman dialect of the French language. In addition, English almost, throughout its history, had linguistic interaction with Latin, French, Spanish, Russian, German and other languages of the world. This article examines the influence of Latin, French and Scandinavian languages as well as the development of English as the language of international communication.
2
Hwang, Eugene. "Saving Endangered Languages with a Novel Three-Way Cycle Cross-Lingual Zero-Shot Sentence Alignment". In 10th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence & Applications. Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2023.131926.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Sentence classification, including sentiment analysis, hate speech detection, tagging, and urgency detection is one of the most prospective and important subjects in the Natural Language processing field. With the advent of artificial neural networks, researchers usually take advantage of models favorable for processing natural languages including RNN, LSTM and BERT. However, these models require huge amount of language corpus data to attain satisfactory accuracy. Typically this is not a big deal for researchers who are using major languages including English and Chinese because there are a myriad of other researchers and data in the Internet. However, other languages like Korean have a problem of scarcity of corpus data, and there are even more unnoticed languages in the world. One could try transfer learning for those languages but using a model trained on English corpus without any modification can be sub-optimal for other languages. This paper presents the way to align cross-lingual sentence embedding in general embedding space using additional projection layer and bilignual parallel data, which means this layer can be reused for other sentence classification tasks without further fine-tuning. To validate power of the method, further experiment was done on one of endangered languages, Jeju language. To the best of my knowledge, it is the first attempt to apply zero-shot inference on not just minor, but endangered language so far.
3
Ayad Qasem Alwardy, Dr Zena. "THE FORMS OF SEMANTIC CONSTRUCTION OF SCIENTIFIC TERMS IN THE HEBREW LANGUAGE )THE LINGUISTIC AND LITERARY STUDIES THEMES(". In III. The International Research Scientific Congress of Humanities and Social Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/ist.con3-9.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Terminology expresses what the speaker can use and discover of new terms that are derived to express new and innovative concepts in the world. This study highlights the forms of semantic construction of scientific terms in the Hebrew language, The Hebrew language, like all other languages, trying to simulate the global civilization, and scientific development, by devising terms to name the new scientific concepts in various scientific and cognitive fields. Our research is limited to the semantic ways in which scientific terms were created in the Hebrew scientific lexicon, by the semantic aspect, the meaning is changed by many ways، either borrowing meaning from the Hebrew language itself, like metaphor (מיטאפורה(, metonymy (מיטנומיה(, or borrowing meaning from other languages. This study is present the characteristics of scientific terms in the Hebrew language and reveals the differences between these terms and the ordinary words in Hebrew language, and how it is formulated semantically, by Using scientific terms from all scientific fields.
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Turdiev, Islomjon. "ORGANIZING LANGUAGE CLASSES AT UNIVERSITIES". In Modern approaches and new trends in teaching foreign languages. Alisher Navo'i Tashkent state university of Uzbek language and literature, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.conf.teach.foreign.lang.2024.8.5/qbft5344.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Language planning in different institutes are very urgent in today’s communication demanded world to interact with other international organizations. The necessity of language planning has to be researched, in this article some works will be discussed, and suggestions and recommendations is supposed to be given.
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Okgetheng, Boago, Gabofetswe Malema, Ariq Ahmer, Boemo Lenyibi e Ontiretse Ishmael. "Bantu Spell Checker and Corrector using Modified Edit Distance Algorithm (MEDA)". In 3rd International Conference on Data Science and Machine Learning (DSML 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.121524.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Automatic spelling correction for a language is critical since the current world is almost entirely dependent on digital devices that employ electronic keyboards. Correct spelling adds to textual document accessibility and readability. Many NLP applications, such as web search engines, text summarization, sentiment analysis, and so on, rely on automatic spelling correction. A few efforts on automatic spelling correction in Bantu languages have been completed; however, the numbers are insufficient. We proposed a spell checker for typed words based on the Modified minimum edit distance Algorithm (MEDA), and the Syllable Error Detection Algorithm (SEDA). In this study, we adjusted the minimal edit distance Algorithm by including a frequency score for letters and ordered operations. The SEDA identifies the component of the word and the position of the letter which has an error. For this research, the Setswana language was utilized for testing, and other languages related to Setswana will use this spell checker. Setswana is a Bantu language spoken mostly in Botswana, South Africa, and Namibia and its automatic spelling correction are still in its early stages. Setswana is Botswana’s national language and is mostly utilized in schools and government offices. The accuracy was measured in 2500 Setswana words for assessment. The SEDA discovered incorrect Setswana words with 99% accuracy. When evaluating MEDA, the edit distance algorithm was utilized as the baseline, and it generated an accuracy of 52%. In comparison, the edit distance algorithm with ordered operations provided 64% accuracy, and MEDA produced 92% accuracy. The model failed in the closely related terms.
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Drobot, Irinaana. "THE ROLE OF THE TEACHER OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN ONLINE ENVIRONMENT AND IN CLASSICAL CLASSROOMS". In eLSE 2019. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-19-124.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Given the interactive environment and communication through internet opportunities, learning foreign languages in a mass online course and by using audiovisual materials such as videos on youtube, what is the current role of the foreign languages teacher? Is there a competition between classical, classroom learning and teaching of a foreign language and using what the internet offers? The paper argues for the role of the teacher in any environment as a source of motivation. We could draw a parallel with the way a therapist motivates his or her patient in a session with the way the same transference works in a teacher - student relationship. However, the online medium does offer more opportunities and more attractive material, as in mass online courses we interact with students and teachers from all over the world. The paper will also argue for more opportunities in an online environment given the fact that interacting with other students who are highly motivated also motivates any learner to continue with the study of the respective foreign language. While in a classical classroom the number of interested students may be scarce, in an online medium the situation can be different as there the classroom is never empty. Lack of interest or high interest from the part of the other student serve as a way to increase motivation and performance for the whole group. However, due to the fact that it is by your own decision that you take the study of a foreign language online, and no outside obligation from school, then the decision remains to yourself whether or not to continue. If you abandon the study, then no consequences will affect your activity. The question remains, though, to what extent and up to what age the teacher acts as a motivator for any student to continue with the study of a foreign language.
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Gafni, Ruti, Dafni Biran Achituv e Gila Rahmani. "Learning Foreign Languages Using Mobile Applications". In InSITE 2017: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Vietnam. Informing Science Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3738.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aim/Purpose: This study examines how the use of a Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) application influences the learners' attitudes towards the process of learning, in voluntary and mandatory environments. Background: Mobile devices and applications, which have become an integral part of our lives, are used for different purposes, including educational objectives. Among others, they are used in the process of foreign language acquisition. The use of a MALL application to learn foreign languages has advantages and drawbacks, which are important to understand, in order to achieve better learning results, while improving the enjoyment of the process. Methodology: The study population included people who participated in a foreign language course and used Duolingo application on a mobile device in parallel. One group consisted of high school pupils, who were obliged to use the application, while the other group consisted of people who took face-to-face courses, and chose to use the same Duolingo application voluntarily, in order to assist their studies. Contribution: This paper helps to understand the perceived advantages and drawbacks of using a MALL application by students both in mandatory and voluntary environments. Findings: Most of the participants found the MALL Duolingo application as enhancing the learning process. The gamification characteristics, ease of use, ubiquity and self-learning facilities had a stimulating effect on the process of learning, and contributed to the willingness to continue using the application and to recommend it to others. Recommendations for Practitioners: The research findings can contribute to both teachers and students who conduct and participate in foreign language courses, by helping them examine the possibility of combining mobile learning with a traditional face-to-face course. Moreover, the findings can assist developers of mobile learning applications, in order to include gamification options in the process of learning. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers in the fields of mobile applications and m-learning need to understand the factors enhancing the learning process, in order to develop the next generations of m-learning applications. Impact on Society: Mobile devices have become an accessory that almost every person in the world uses. Its ubiquitous characteristics allow using it everywhere and anytime. This is a greatjite opportunity to facilitate education to people all around the world. Gamification of m-learning applications can promote and encourage the use of these applications. Future Research: Further examination is need in different cultures, in order to understand if the findings are universal.
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Fatima Hajizada, Fatima Hajizada. "SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE AMERICAN VERSION OF THE BRITISH LANGUAGE". In THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC – PRACTICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE IN MODERN & SOCIAL SCIENCES: NEW DIMENSIONS, APPROACHES AND CHALLENGES. IRETC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/mssndac-01-10.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
English is one of the most spoken languages in the world. A global language communication is inherent in him. This language is also distinguished by a significant diversity of dialects and speech. It appeared in the early Middle Ages as the spoken language of the Anglo-Saxons. The formation of the British Empire and its expansion led to the widespread English language in Asia, Africa, North America and Australia. As a result, the Metropolitan language became the main communication language in the English colonies, and after independence it became State (USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand) and official (India, Nigeria, Singapore). Being one of the 6 Official Languages of the UN, it is studied as a foreign language in educational institutions of many countries in the modern time [1, 2, s. 12-14]. Despite the dozens of varieties of English, the American (American English) version, which appeared on the territory of the United States, is one of the most widespread. More than 80 per cent of the population in this country knows the American version of the British language as its native language. Although the American version of the British language is not defined as the official language in the US Federal Constitution, it acts with features and standards reinforced in the lexical sphere, the media and the education system. The growing political and economic power of the United States after World War II also had a significant impact on the expansion of the American version of the British language [3]. Currently, this language version has become one of the main topics of scientific research in the field of linguistics, philology and other similar spheres. It should also be emphasized that the American version of the British language paved the way for the creation of thousands of words and expressions, took its place in the general language of English and the world lexicon. “Okay”, “teenager”, “hitchhike”, “landslide” and other words can be shown in this row. The impact of differences in the life and life of colonists in the United States and Great Britain on this language was not significant either. The role of Nature, Climate, Environment and lifestyle should also be appreciated here. There is no officially confirmed language accent in the United States. However, most speakers of national media and, first of all, the CNN channel use the dialect “general American accent”. Here, the main accent of “mid Pppemestern” has been guided. It should also be noted that this accent is inherent in a very small part of the U.S. population, especially in Nebraska, Iowa, and Illinois. But now all Americans easily understand and speak about it. As for the current state of the American version of the British language, we can say that there are some hypotheses in this area. A number of researchers perceive it as an independent language, others-as an English variant. The founder of American spelling, American and British lexicographer, linguist Noah Pondebster treats him as an independent language. He also tried to justify this in his work “the American Dictionary of English” written in 1828 [4]. This position was expressed by a Scottish-born English philologist, one of the authors of the “American English Dictionary”Sir Alexander Craigie, American linguist Raven ioor McDavid Jr. and others also confirm [5]. The second is the American linguist Leonard Bloomfield, one of the creators of the descriptive direction of structural linguistics, and other American linguists Edward Sapir and Charles Francis Hockett. There is also another group of “third parties” that accept American English as a regional dialect [5, 6]. A number of researchers [2] have shown that the accent or dialect in the US on the person contains significantly less data in itself than in the UK. In Great Britain, a dialect speaker is viewed as a person with a low social environment or a low education. It is difficult to perceive this reality in the US environment. That is, a person's speech in the American version of the British language makes it difficult to express his social background. On the other hand, the American version of the British language is distinguished by its faster pace [7, 8]. One of the main characteristic features of the American language array is associated with the emphasis on a number of letters and, in particular, the pronunciation of the letter “R”. Thus, in British English words like “port”, “more”, “dinner” the letter “R” is not pronounced at all. Another trend is related to the clear pronunciation of individual syllables in American English. Unlike them, the Britons “absorb”such syllables in a number of similar words [8]. Despite all these differences, an analysis of facts and theoretical knowledge shows that the emergence and formation of the American version of the British language was not an accidental and chaotic process. The reality is that the life of the colonialists had a huge impact on American English. These processes were further deepened by the growing migration trends at the later historical stage. Thus, the language of the English-speaking migrants in America has been developed due to historical conditions, adapted to the existing living environment and new life realities. On the other hand, the formation of this independent language was also reflected in the purposeful policy of the newly formed US state. Thus, the original British words were modified and acquired a fundamentally new meaning. Another point here was that the British acharism, which had long been out of use, gained a new breath and actively entered the speech circulation in the United States. Thus, the analysis shows that the American version of the British language has specific features. It was formed and developed as a result of colonization and expansion. This development is still ongoing and is one of the languages of millions of US states and people, as well as audiences of millions of people. Keywords: American English, English, linguistics, accent.
9
Ngo Thi, Thanh Quy, e Hong Minh Nguyen Thi. "Vietnamese Proverbs From a Cultural Perspective". In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.3-6.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Proverbs are important data depicting the traditional culture of each nation. Vietnamese proverbs, dated thousands of years ago, are an immense valuable treasure of experience which the Vietnamese people desire to pass to the younger generations. This paper aims to explore the unique and diversified world of intelligence and spirits of the Vietnamese through a condensed and special literary genre, as well as a traditional value of the nation (Nguyen Xuan Kinh 2013, Tran Ngoc Them 1996, Le Chi Que and Ngo Thi Thanh Quy 2014). Through an interdisciplinary approach, from an anthropological point of view, approaching proverbs we will open up a vast treasure of knowledge and culture of all Vietnamese generations. The study has examined over 16,000 Vietnamese proverbs and analysed three groups expressing Vietnamese people’s behaviors toward nature, society and their selves, and compared them with English and Japanese proverbs. The research has attempted to explore the beauty of Vietnamese language, cultural values and the souls and personalities of Vietnam. Approaching Vietnamese proverbs under the interdisciplinary perspective of language, culture and literature is a new research direction in the field of Social Sciences and Humanity in Vietnam. From these viewpoints, it is seen that proverbs have remarkably contributed to the language and culture of Vietnam as well as and constructed to the practice of language use in everyday life which is imaginary, meaningful and effective in communication. Furthermore, the study seeks to inspire the Vietnamese youth’s pride in national identity and to encourage their preservation and promotion for traditional values of the nation in the context of integration and globalisation. In the meantime, it would be favourable to introduce and market the beauty of Vietnamese language, culture and people to the world, encouraging the speakers of other languages to study, explore and understand Vietnam.
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Khare, Brajesh Kumar, e Dr Imran Khan. "MACHINE LEARNING APPROACHES FOR SENTIMENT ANALYSIS IN HINDI TEXT: A COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY". In Computing for Sustainable Innovation: Shaping Tomorrow’s World. Innovative Research Publication, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55524/csistw.2024.12.1.62.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Sentiment analysis from Hindi text is a growing area of research, aiming to understand and categorize the emotions expressed in written content in the Hindi language. Because there is a lot of information on the internet in Indian languages like Hindi, Malyalam, Punjabi, Gujrati, Bengali and others, it is very important to study and find useful and important information from this data. This survey paper offers a summary of the latest progressions and challenges in sentiment analysis specifically tailored for Hindi text. There are four main computational intelligence techniques for getting sentiment from hindi text namely Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Lexicon-based, and Hybrid techniques. In this survey paper we concentrate on Machine learning and Deep learning techniques. This paper discusses about sentiment analysis and their levels, different machine learning models with their features and also the whole process for getting sentiment using machine learning. Furthermore, the paper highlights the challenges associated with sentiment analysis in Hindi, such as the lack of standardized resources, code-mixing, and dialectical variations.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "World languages -> language -> other - world languages"
1
Sayers, Dave, Rui Sousa-Silva, Sviatlana Höhn, Lule Ahmedi, Kais Allkivi-Metsoja, Dimitra Anastasiou, Štefan Beňuš et al. The Dawn of the Human-Machine Era: A forecast of new and emerging language technologies. Open Science Centre, University of Jyväskylä, maggio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/jyx/reports/20210518/1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
New language technologies are coming, thanks to the huge and competing private investment fuelling rapid progress; we can either understand and foresee their effects, or be taken by surprise and spend our time trying to catch up. This report scketches out some transformative new technologies that are likely to fundamentally change our use of language. Some of these may feel unrealistically futuristic or far-fetched, but a central purpose of this report - and the wider LITHME network - is to illustrate that these are mostly just the logical development and maturation of technologies currently in prototype. But will everyone benefit from all these shiny new gadgets? Throughout this report we emphasise a range of groups who will be disadvantaged and issues of inequality. Important issues of security and privacy will accompany new language technologies. A further caution is to re-emphasise the current limitations of AI. Looking ahead, we see many intriguing opportunities and new capabilities, but a range of other uncertainties and inequalities. New devices will enable new ways to talk, to translate, to remember, and to learn. But advances in technology will reproduce existing inequalities among those who cannot afford these devices, among the world’s smaller languages, and especially for sign language. Debates over privacy and security will flare and crackle with every new immersive gadget. We will move together into this curious new world with a mix of excitement and apprehension - reacting, debating, sharing and disagreeing as we always do. Plug in, as the human-machine era dawns.
2
Pavlyuk, Іhor. HUMANІTARІAN CONTROVERSY ІN THE WESTERN UKRAІNІAN PRESS DURІNG THE PERІOD BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD WARS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, marzo 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12139.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The artіcle hіghlіghts the humanіtarіan polemіcs іn the Western Ukraіnіan press іn the іnterwar (1920-30s) perіod іn three aspects: the polemіcs of Ukraіnіan-language magazіnes among themselves, the polemіcs of the Ukraіnіan-language press wіth the Polіsh and Russіan press, the place of the Ukraіnіan press іnvolved іn the polemіcs іn the colonіal and global cultural – іnformatіonal contexts, іts representatіve relatіons wіth the judіcіal, executіve and legіslatіve authorіtіes іn the process of changes іn the socіal and polіtіcal atmosphere іn thіs tіme-space. The purpose of thіs artіcle іs to hіghlіght the humanіtarіan polemіcs іn the Western Ukraіnіan press іn the іnterwar (1920-30s) perіod іn three aspects: the polemіcs of Ukraіnіan magazіnes among themselves, the polemіcs of the Ukraіnіan press wіth the Polіsh and Russіan press, the Ukraіnіan press іn the global cultural and іnformatіonal context; dіfferentіatіon of polemіcal publіcatіons accordіng to genre-thematіc affіlіatіon to the socіo-polіtіcal dіscourse of the struggle of іdeas, symbols, sіgns, іmages, the struggle of relіgіous doctrіnes through the medіatіon of Ukraіnіan-centrіc іnformatіon (press) flows, whіch іn turn were fought by the then colonіal, іn partіcular Polіsh, polіtіcal power, subjectіng theіr censorshіp, confіscatіon, closure, harassment of edіtors and journalіsts. The basіc feature of іnter-magazіne relatіons of varіous Ukraіnіan and Ukraіnіan-language magazіnes of the іnterwar perіod was polemіcs, the topіcs of whіch were: polіtіcs (antі-Polіsh, pro-Polіsh, respectіvely – antі-Russіan, pro-Russіan); relіgіon (language of worshіp, hіerarchіcal subordіnatіon of the church); culture (problems of language, theatrіcal productіons, etc.); school busіness; cooperatіon; the sіtuatіon of the peasantry. That іs, all spheres of socіal lіfe, the representatіves of whіch were the mіrrors of magazіnes, patented by us for research іn thіs (spherіcal) structure: cooperatіve press, relіgіous press, etc. At the same tіme, the magazіnes that were publіshed іn the tіme-space determіned by us dіd not only “quarrel” wіth each other, but also often supported each other, prіntіng letters of support, advertіsіng each other durіng subscrіptіon campaіgns, takіng joіnt partіcіpatіon іn court hearіngs, etc. Keywords: controversy; press; colonіal dіscourse; confіscate; censorshіp.
3
Thomas, Strobel. A contrastive approach to grammatical doubts in some contemporary Germanic languages (German, Dutch, Swedish). Goethe-Universität Frankfurt a.M., marzo 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.72278.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Unquestionably (or: undoubtedly), every competent speaker has already come to doubt with respect to the question of which form is correct or appropriate and should be used (in the standard language) when faced with two or more almost identical competing variants of words, word forms or sentence and phrase structure (e.g. German "Pizzas/Pizzen/Pizze" 'pizzas', Dutch "de drie mooiste/mooiste drie stranden" 'the three most beautiful/most beautiful three beaches', Swedish "större än jag/mig" 'taller than I/me'). Such linguistic uncertainties or "cases of doubt" (cf. i.a. Klein 2003, 2009, 2018; Müller & Szczepaniak 2017; Schmitt, Szczepaniak & Vieregge 2019; Stark 2019 as well as the useful collections of data of Duden vol. 9, Taaladvies.net, Språkriktighetsboken etc.) systematically occur also in native speakers and they do not necessarily coincide with the difficulties of second language learners. In present-day German, most grammatical uncertainties occur in the domains of inflection (nominal plural formation, genitive singular allomorphy of strong masc./neut. nouns, inflectional variation of weak masc. nouns, strong/weak adjectival inflection and comparison forms, strong/weak verb forms, perfect auxiliary selection) and word-formation (linking elements in compounds, separability of complex verbs). As for syntax, there are often doubts in connection with case choice (pseudo-partitive constructions, prepositional case government) and agreement (especially due to coordination or appositional structures). This contribution aims to present a contrastive approach to morphological and syntactic uncertainties in contemporary Germanic languages (mostly German, Dutch, and Swedish) in order to obtain a broader and more fine-grained typology of grammatical instabilities and their causes. As will be discussed, most doubts of competent speakers - a problem also for general linguistic theory - can be attributed to processes of language change in progress, to language or variety contact, to gaps and rule conflicts in the grammar of every language or to psycholinguistic conditions of language processing. Our main concerns will be the issues of which (kinds of) common or different critical areas there are within Germanic (and, on the other hand, in which areas there are no doubts), which of the established (cross-linguistically valid) explanatory approaches apply to which phenomena and, ultimately, the question whether the new data reveals further lines of explanation for the empirically observable (standard) variation.
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Marôco, Ana Lúcia, Sónia Gonçalves e Fernanda Nogueira. Antecedents and consequences of work-family balance: A systematic literature review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, ottobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0112.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Review question / Objective: What are the antecedents and consequences of work-family balance? Eligibility criteria: s inclusion criteria it was established that only original peer-reviewed articles would be included, whose: 1) object of study are active workers; 2) concept of family-work relationship under study is effectively the work-family balance (and not only the absence of work-family conflict); 3) language used is English, Spanish and Portuguese. The exclusion criteria for articles/works were: 1) the object of the study is not active workers (such as spouses of workers or other family members such as children, future active workers, unemployed or even retired workers); 2) the concept of work-family relationship used is the conflict work-family and/ or work-family enrichment; 3) in languages other than English, Spanish or Portuguese; 4) designated as gray literature (such as theses, books, book chapters, and conference proceedings,...)
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Buchan, Greg. Student Attitudes Toward Word Processing and Writing in the English as a Second or Other Language Classroom. Portland State University Library, gennaio 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6749.
Testo completo
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Borgwardt, Stefan, Walter Forkel e Alisa Kovtunova. Finding New Diamonds: Temporal Minimal-World Query Answering over Sparse ABoxes. Technische Universität Dresden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2023.223.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Lightweight temporal ontology languages have become a very active field of research in recent years. Many real-world applications, like processing electronic health records (EHRs), inherently contain a temporal dimension, and require efficient reasoning algorithms. Moreover, since medical data is not recorded on a regular basis, reasoners must deal with sparse data with potentially large temporal gaps. In this paper, we introduce a temporal extension of the tractable language ELH⊥, which features a new class of convex diamond operators that can be used to bridge temporal gaps. We develop a completion algorithm for our logic, which shows that entailment remains tractable. Based on this, we develop a minimal-world semantics for answering metric temporal conjunctive queries with negation. We show that query answering is combined first-order rewritable, and hence in polynomial time in data complexity.
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Бакум, З. П., e О. О. Пальчикова. Роль языковой картины мира в обучении иностранных студентов украинскому языку. Tanaka Print, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/402.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article considers the problem of teaching students foreign languages by means of comparing national linguistic pictures of the world. The analysis of linguistic and linguadidactic literature allows to interpret linguistic picture of the world as a set of knowledge about the world embodied in language form, more precisely - the specific features of the national language, reflecting cultural, historical and social experience of a particular nation. In this regard the national linguistic pictures of the world are not identical. The authors lay stress on the importance of taking into account the fact of national specific differences of linguistic pictures of the world in teaching foreign students Ukrainian as a foreign language, also indicate that special attention should be paid to linguacultural work with vocabulary and phraseology, in which national and cultural experience is embodied.
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Wei, Xin, Amanda Wortman, Cristina Heffernan, Li Cheng, Neil Heffernan, April Murphy, Cristina Zepeda, Ben Motz, Harmony Jankowski e Jeremy Roschelle. Language and Mathematics Learning: A Comparative Study of Digital Learning Platforms. SEERNet, Digital Promise, marzo 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/206.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper presents a conceptual exploration of how Digital Learning Platforms (DLPs) can be utilized to investigate the impact of language clarity, precision, engagement, and contextual relevance on mathematics learning from word problems. Focusing on three distinct DLPs—ASSISTments/E-TRIALS, MATHia/UpGrade, and Canvas/Terracotta—we propose hypothetical studies aimed at uncovering how nuanced language modifications can enhance mathematical understanding and engagement. While these studies are illustrative in nature, they provide a blueprint for researchers interested in leveraging DLPs for empirical investigation so that future investigators gain a better understanding of the emerging infrastructure for research in DLPs and the opportunities provided by them. In highlighting three distinct implementations of the same core research question, we reveal both commonalities as well as differences in how different educational technologies might build evidence, offering a unique opportunity to advance the field of math education and other education research fields.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, febbraio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. KEY IMPRESSIONS OF 2020 IN JOURNALISTIC TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, marzo 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11107.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article explores the key vocabulary of 2020 in the network space of Ukraine. Texts of journalistic, official-business style, analytical publications of well-known journalists on current topics are analyzed. Extralinguistic factors of new word formation, their adaptation to the sphere of special and socio-political vocabulary of the Ukrainian language are determined. Examples show modern impressions in the media, their stylistic use and impact on public opinion in a pandemic. New meanings of foreign expressions, media terminology, peculiarities of translation of neologisms from English into Ukrainian have been clarified. According to the materials of the online media, a «dictionary of the coronavirus era» is provided. The journalistic text functions in the media on the basis of logical judgments, credible arguments, impressive language. Its purpose is to show the socio-political problem, to sharpen its significance for society and to propose solutions through convincing considerations. Most researchers emphasize the influential role of journalistic style, which through the media shapes public opinion on issues of politics, economics, education, health care, war, the future of the country. To cover such a wide range of topics, socio-political vocabulary is used first of all – neutral and emotionally-evaluative, rhetorical questions and imperatives, special terminology, foreign words. There is an ongoing discussion in online publications about the use of the new foreign token «lockdown» instead of the word «quarantine», which has long been learned in the Ukrainian language. Research on this topic has shown that at the initial stage of the pandemic, the word «lockdown» prevailed in the colloquial language of politicians, media personalities and part of society did not quite understand its meaning. Lockdown, in its current interpretation, is a restrictive measure to protect people from a dangerous virus that has spread to many countries; isolation of the population («stay in place») in case of risk of spreading Covid-19. In English, US citizens are told what a lockdown is: «A lockdown is a restriction policy for people or communities to stay where they are, usually due to specific risks to themselves or to others if they can move and interact freely. The term «stay-at-home» or «shelter-in-place» is often used for lockdowns that affect an area, rather than specific locations». Content analysis of online texts leads to the conclusion that in 2020 a special vocabulary was actively functioning, with the appropriate definitions, which the media described as a «dictionary of coronavirus vocabulary». Media broadcasting is the deepest and pulsating source of creative texts with new meanings, phrases, expressiveness. The influential power of the word finds its unconditional embodiment in the media. Journalists, bloggers, experts, politicians, analyzing current events, produce concepts of a new reality. The world is changing and the language of the media is responding to these changes. It manifests itself most vividly and emotionally in the network sphere, in various genres and styles.