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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Working poor – united states"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 25 luglio 2024

Ultima modifica: 30 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Working poor – united states"

Egan, Jack, David Griffith, and Ed Kissam. "Working Poor, Farmworkers in the United States." International Migration Review 30, no. 4 (1996): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2547618.

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Flora, Cornelia Butler, David Griffith, Ed Kissam, et al. "Working Poor: Farmworkers in the United States." Contemporary Sociology 25, no. 3 (1996): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2077491.

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McDonald, James H. "Working Poor: Farmworkers in the United States:Working Poor: Farmworkers in the United States." Culture Agriculture 18, no. 2 (1996): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cag.1996.18.2.83.

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Egan, Jack. "Book Review: Working Poor, Farmworkers in the United States." International Migration Review 30, no. 4 (1996): 1105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839603000423.

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Ross, Joseph S., Susannah M. Bernheim, Elizabeth H. Bradley, Hsun-Mei Teng, and William T. Gallo. "Use of preventive care by the working poor in the United States." Preventive Medicine 44, no. 3 (2007): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.11.006.

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STULL, DONALD D. "Working Poor: Farmworkers in the United States . DAVID GRIFFITH and ED KISSAM." American Ethnologist 23, no. 1 (1996): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ae.1996.23.1.02a00550.

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Jung, Moon-Kie. "No Whites, No Asians: Race, Marxism, and Hawai‘i’s Preemergent Working Class." Social Science History 23, no. 3 (1999): 357–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200018125.

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By the close of the nineteenth century, Hawai‘i had become a newly annexed territory of the United States and was tightly controlled by a cohesive oligarchy ofhaolesugar capitalists. The “enormous concentration of wealth and power” held by the Big Five sugar factors of Honolulu up until statehood was unparalleled elsewhere in the United States (Cooper and Daws 1985: 3–4). In contrast, native Hawai‘ians and immigrants recruited from China, Portugal, Japan, and the Philippines—in successive and overlapping waves—endured the low wages and poor working and living conditions characteristic of other agricultural export regions.

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Ponthieux, Sophie, and Pierre Concialdi. "Low pay and poor workers: a comparative study of France and the United States." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 6, no. 4 (2000): 650–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890000600408.

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In the USA the share of low-wage earners in the labour force is twice as high as in France, although it has remained relatively constant on the other side of the Atlantic in recent years, whereas it has risen in France. The characteristics of the workers affected in the two countries are comparable: women, young people and the low-skilled are more than proportionately affected, groups that are also more frequently encountered in part-time jobs. Low-wage earners have a higher risk of living in a low-income household than the average for wage and salary earners. In the USA poor people of working age are more likely to be employed than is the case in France. In both countries there is clearly a link between the poverty risk and the annual number of hours worked. However, in France the working poor are more likely to be confronted with the problem of inadequate weekly working hours, whereas the same phenomenon in the USA is clearly due to the low level of minimum wages.

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Smeeding, Timothy. "Poor People in Rich Nations: The United States in Comparative Perspective." Journal of Economic Perspectives 20, no. 1 (2006): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/089533006776526094.

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Cross-national comparisons can teach lessons about antipoverty policy. While all nations value low poverty, high levels of economic self-reliance and equality of opportunity for younger persons, they differ dramatically in the extent to which they reach these goals. Nations also exhibit differences in the extent to which working age adults mix economic self-reliance (earned incomes), family support and government support to avoid poverty. We begin by reviewing international concepts and measures of poverty. The Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) database contains the information needed to construct comparable poverty measures for more than 30 nations. It allows comparisons of the level and trend of poverty and inequality across several nations, along with considerable detail on the sources of market incomes and public policies that shape these outcomes. We will highlight the different relationships between antipoverty policy and outcomes among several countries, and consider the implications of our analysis for research and for antipoverty policy in the United States. In doing so, we will draw on a growing body of evidence that evaluates antipoverty programs in a cross-national context.

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Willson, Andrea E., and Dan Zuberi. "Differences That Matter: Social Policy and the Working Poor in the United States and Canada." Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie 32, no. 4 (2007): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20460675.

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Tesi sul tema "Working poor – united states"

Hagan, Aleska. "Development and Validation of the Internalized Classism Scale for Poor and Working Class in the United States." Thesis, The University of North Dakota, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10635402.

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The poor and working class are largely overlooked or ignored across many aspects of U.S society including public policy, societal structure, representation in media, and even in the realm of psychological research (Lott, 2002; Smith, 2005). Furthermore, of the scanty representations and descriptions of the poor and working class that are available, most are derived from oppressive classist views and negative stereotypes (Smith, 2010). Classism pervades the social structure of the United States. Classist beliefs and experiences of classism are internalized by all members of society to some degree. Working class and poor people who experience internalized classism are likely to experience a number of negative effects such as depression, increased shame, difficulty with relationships, etc (Smith, 2010; Russell, 1996). To date, there has been limited research related to social class in the field of psychology, but this has been growing. However, there is currently no measure available that assess internalized classism which severely limits important research regarding this phenomenon resulting from classist oppression. The purpose of this project was to create an instrument that will potentially aid in the further the understanding of the impact of classist oppression when it is internalized by those who are oppressed, the working class and poor. The scale construction procedures, analysis, and empirical attributes will be provided in addition to the limitations of this research project and implications for future research and practice.

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Weigt, Jill Michele. "The work of mothering : welfare reform and the carework of working class and poor mothers /." view abstract or download file of text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3072609.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002. Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 243-258). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Brown, Jimmi Sue. "Welfare as a social control in the United States." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2004. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=406.

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Clark, Lauren. "Women's domestic health work in poverty: A comparison of Mexican American and Anglo households." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186048.

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The purpose of this dissertation was to identify the components of women's domestic health work in networks surrounding poor Mexican American and Anglo households and compare women's experiences as domestic health workers. Women representing 10 Mexican American households and 10 Anglo households and their surrounding domestic networks were recruited for this study. Criteria for participation included the presence of at least one child in the household $\le$5 years of age and household income at or below the federally-defined weighted poverty threshold. Sources included, first, 66 interviews with women (n = 26) residing in the study households. Second, women kept 3-week daily health diaries on behalf of all household members. And third, women participated in an inventory of household medications. The study employed several analytic methods, including descriptive statistical analyses, phenomenological insight, taxonomic analyses of women's knowledge structures, life history analysis, thematic analysis, and narrative analyses. The results of the study emphasized several points, including the: (a) gendered but hotly contested nature of domestic responsibility for health, with responsibility negotiated between men and women in households, and disputed between households and social service agencies; (b) significant role played by women's informal networks in defining and evaluating the enactment of maternal responsibility; (c) workings of women's coalitions and cooperatives that protect women's threatened interests and redistribute resources among women; (d) influences governing the transmission of child health and illness knowledge and skills across generations of women; (e) double-edged nature of self-medication that appears as both a source of female autonomy and expertise, yet paradoxically and simultaneously can act as an inappropriate, self-palliating balm for the hurt incurred from inadequate accessibility to quality professional health care for poor women and children; and (f) cross-cutting influences of ethnicity and historical situation in each of the above domains. Women pieced together resources from their cultural background, femaleness, and sometimes their poverty; all these factors also entailed contradictory disadvantages in the production of household health. The health and social policy implications of this study were described in detail in the dissertation, as were the women's own visions for an approximation of utopia.

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Sasser, Jackson Norman. "Poor and Dead and Much Involved: The Afterlife of Private Debt in Post-Revolutionary Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1593092106.

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Rein, David Bruce. "Modeling the health care utilization of children in Medicaid." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131339/unrestricted/rein%5Fdavid%5Fb%5F200405%5Fphd.pdf.

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Maurina, Mary. "Charcteristics [sic] of successful Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) participants in Minneapolis, Minnesota." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998maurinam.pdf.

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Hayden, Sat Ananda. "Wage Equality among Internationally Educated Nurses Working in the United States." Thesis, Walden University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3596619.

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Discrimination against immigrants based on country of origin, gender, or race is known to contribute to wage inequality, lower morale, and decrease worker satisfaction. Healthcare leaders are just beginning to study the impact of gender and race on the wages of internationally educated nurses (IENs). Grounded in Becker's theory of discrimination, this cross-sectional study examined nursing wages for evidence of wage inequality among IENs working in the United States using secondary data collected in the 2008 quadrennial National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses. Ordinary least square regression coupled with the Blinder-Oaxaca wage decomposition was used to analyze the wages of 757 IENs working in the U.S. healthcare system. T tests with effect size were calculated to find the impact of gender, race, and country of education on wage. The study found that white male IENs earned higher wages than all other immigrant groups, followed by nonwhite males and nonwhite females (R2 = .143; F(8,748) = 15.60; p =.000;). White female IENs earned the least, at 80%, 88%, and 91% of wages earned by white male, nonwhite male, and nonwhite female IENs, respectively (p < .005). The relationship between hourly wage and being a white female was negative and statistically significant (p = .006) and white females earned 19.6% less per hour than white male IENs. Working in tertiary care contributed 21.60% of wages for white IENs and 10.30% of wages for nonwhite IENs. Inequality in nursing wages was related to an interaction between race and gender for wages of white female IENs but not in wages for nonwhite female IENs. Results of this study promote positive social change by motivating nursing departments to equalize wages and policymakers to strengthen equal pay statutes.

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Hayden, Sat Ananda. "Wage Equality among Internationally Educated Nurses Working in the United States." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1079.

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Abstract (sommario):

Discrimination against immigrants based on country of origin, gender, or race is known to contribute to wage inequality, lower morale, and decrease worker satisfaction. Healthcare leaders are just beginning to study the impact of gender and race on the wages of internationally educated nurses (IENs). Grounded in Becker's theory of discrimination, this cross-sectional study examined nursing wages for evidence of wage inequality among IENs working in the United States using secondary data collected in the 2008 quadrennial National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses. Ordinary least square regression coupled with the Blinder-Oaxaca wage decomposition was used to analyze the wages of 757 IENs working in the U.S. healthcare system. T tests with effect size were calculated to find the impact of gender, race, and country of education on wage. The study found that white male IENs earned higher wages than all other immigrant groups, followed by nonwhite males and nonwhite females (R2 = .143; F(8,748) = 15.60; p =.000;). White female IENs earned the least, at 80%, 88%, and 91% of wages earned by white male, nonwhite male, and nonwhite female IENs, respectively (p < .005). The relationship between hourly wage and being a white female was negative and statistically significant (p = .006) and white females earned 19.6% less per hour than white male IENs. Working in tertiary care contributed 21.60% of wages for white IENs and 10.30% of wages for nonwhite IENs. Inequality in nursing wages was related to an interaction between race and gender for wages of white female IENs but not in wages for nonwhite female IENs. Results of this study promote positive social change by motivating nursing departments to equalize wages and policymakers to strengthen equal pay statutes.

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Moreau, Thomas J. Jack. "The evaluation of appropriateness of OMB Circular A-76 studies on revenue-generating functions in Defense Working Capital Fund activities." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Dec%5FMoreau.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2002. Thesis advisor(s): Philip J. Candreva, Lawrence R. Jones. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-62). Also available online.

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Libri sul tema "Working poor – united states"

1943-, Kissam Edward, and Camposeco Jerónimo, eds. Working poor: Farmworkers in the United States. Temple University Press, 1995.

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Levitan, Sar A. Working but poor: America's contradiction. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.

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National Commission on Working Women of Wider Opportunities for Women., ed. No way out: Working poor women in the United States. National Commission on Working Women of Wider Opportunities for Women, 1988.

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Newman, Katherine S. The missing class: Portraits of the near poor in America. Beacon Press, 2007.

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Gitterman, Daniel Paul. Boosting paychecks: The politics of supporting America's working poor. Brookings Institution Press, 2010.

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Gitterman, Daniel Paul. Boosting paychecks: The politics of supporting America's working poor. Brookings Institution Press, 2010.

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Gitterman, Daniel Paul. Boosting paychecks: The politics of supporting America's working poor. Brookings Institution Press, 2010.

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Schwarz, John E. The forgotten Americans. Norton, 1993.

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Schwarz, John E. The forgotten Americans. Norton, 1993.

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Burghardt, Stephen. Working under the safety net: Policy and practice with the new American poor. Sage Publications, 1987.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Working poor – united states"

Ní Léime, Áine, and Debra Street. "Gender, Transitions and Turning Points: The Life Course and Older Workers’ Trajectories in Different US Occupations." In Older Workers and Labour Market Exclusion Processes. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11272-0_2.

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AbstractThis chapter interrogates the proposition that extending working life is an unproblematic policy measure introduced to address demographic ageing and increased pension costs. The implications of extending working life varies for workers in different occupations. The chapter draws on interview data from a qualitative study of 17 men and 20 women workers in the United States. Interviewees working either as teachers or in physically-demanding jobs such as care-giving for older people or cleaning narrated their work-life history and discussed their current work, future plans and their views on working longer.Analysis of different strands of their work-life trajectories – work, family, health – from a life course perspective reveals that workers may be channelled into particular kinds of employment and that advantage or disadvantage can accumulate across the life course. It supports previous research showing that physically-demanding work adversely affects workers’ health. Gendered expectations regarding the provision of care can result in disrupted careers for women, leading to lower pension provision and the need to continue working later. Such processes, combined with pension reforms and the increasingly precarious nature of employment can lead to poor economic and health outcomes for some workers. The implications of these findings for policy are discussed.

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Street, Debra. "United States." In Extended Working Life Policies. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40985-2_39.

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Walker, Kyle E. "Working with Census data outside the United States." In Analyzing US Census Data. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203711415-12.

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Rowland, Paul. "Working with Institutions of Higher Education." In Schooling for Sustainable Development in Canada and the United States. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4273-4_17.

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Douglas, Emily M. "Prevention of Fatal Child Maltreatment: What Are We Doing That Is Working?" In Child Maltreatment Fatalities in the United States. Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7583-0_8.

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Loiacono, Gabriel J. "Hard-Working Single Mother." In How Welfare Worked in the Early United States. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197515433.003.0006.

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Poor law officials had tremendous authority over families, children, and unwed mothers. Lydia Bates was separated from her own parents as a child, when they became too poor to support her. Overseers of the poor in her small town moved her to other families’ houses. As she grew older, overseers likely treated Bates like an unpaid temporary worker. She lived, temporarily, in houses where her work could help the houseowners, including an elderly couple who might have needed poor relief without Bates’s help. When Bates became pregnant with baby Rhoda, overseers became even more involved. They used the court system to hold Rhoda’s father financially responsible. They also had the authority to decide whether Rhoda could remain with her mother or, like her mother, would have to live in neighbors’ homes. This chapter focuses on how poor laws governed sexuality and families.

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"Why the United States Uses Lump-Sum Delivery." In Tax Credits for the Working Poor. Cambridge University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108227407.003.

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Li, Xiaoying, Gregory E. Welbaum, Steven L. Rideout, William Singer, and Bo Zhang. "Vegetable Soybean and Its Seedling Emergence in the United States." In Legumes [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102622.

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Vegetable soybean or edamame is a specialty soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Unlike grain-type soybean (mainly for oil and source of protein in animal feeds), edamame pods are harvested at a green and immature stage, and beans are consumed by humans as a vegetable. While originally from China, edamame has recently gained much-increased popularity and expanded market needs in the US. However, domestic edamame production is limited in the US because at least 70% of the edamame consumed is imported. Poor seed germination and seedling emergence are one of the major problems in US edamame production. This review focuses on the introduction of edamame, a high-value niche crop, and its low emergence issue in production. Here, we provide a comprehensive exploration of the factors that influence edamame germination and emergence, including the intrinsic factors related to seeds (seed and seedling characteristics), and extrinsic factors related to the biotic (soil/seed-borne diseases) and abiotic (seedbed physical components as well as their interaction with climate) stresses. This information will help farmers and plant breeders to better understand the causes of the poor edamame emergence and may provide a foundation for improved field management of edamame, to increase production of this valuable specialty crop.

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Roll, Jarod. "Introduction." In Poor Man's Fortune. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469656298.003.0001.

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The metal miners of the Tri-State district (Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma) opposed social democratic unions and government regulation for nearly a century. Historians of organized labor in the United States have neglected workers like these, opting instead to focus on workers who joined unions. This introduction outlines how this study of the non-union and anti-union miners of the Tri-State district changes the field of labor history. The story of the Tri-State miners shows how some American workers rejected the protections of working-class solidarity because they inherited and embraced a faith in capitalism, white supremacy, and aggressive masculinity.

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Gutstein, Dan. "The Lomaxes." In Poor Gal. University Press of Mississippi, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496849342.003.0015.

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This chapter follows field recordists John Lomax and his son Alan, working as a team and independently, as they amassed an astonishing collection of “Liza Jane” variants across numerous idioms. Together, they recorded essential folk musicians such as Wilson “Stavin’ Chain” Jones and Pete Harris. Alan Lomax in particular recorded widely across the “Liza Jane” family, collecting efforts by gospel singer Bessie Jones, the White Eagles Mardi Gras Indians, old-time musician Aunt Molly Jackson, Kentucky fiddler Luther Strong, and hot jazz pianist Jelly Roll Morton, among many others. All told, the Lomaxes assembled a collection of “Liza Jane” material that crossed from Black to white, female to male, 1930s to 1980s, folk to blues, piano to fiddle. This collection would exceed the catalogues of most major record labels and demonstrate the deep saturation of “Liza Jane” songs across the United States, among numerous cultural traditions.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Working poor – united states"

Gaffney, Brecca M., Katrina S. Maluf, and Bradley S. Davidson. "High-Density Surface EMG Biofeedback From the Trapezius for Real-Time Postural Correction." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14764.

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Work-related chronic neck pain is a growing condition in the United States that accounts for 56% to 65% of all occupational disabling injuries [1]. Fifty-four percent of working adults suffer from chronic neck pain within any six-month period and 5% of working adults report that neck pain significantly inhibits daily activities [2]. These conditions have been linked to poor posture in the cervical spine and shoulder [3]. Poor cervical spine posture commonly includes simultaneous extension in the upper vertebrae (C1-C3) and flexion in lower vertebrae (C7-C4). This posture moves the head anterior to the torso and increases the load carried by the upper trapezius (UT) [4]. To maintain this posture, the UT is activated and elevates the scapula. Chronic activation of the UT has been correlated to chronic neck pain [5]. Although there is an apparent correlation between poor posture and neck pain, it is unclear whether neck pain causes poor posture or if poor posture causes neck pain.

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Syamlal, Girija, Jacek M. Mazurek, and Ann M. Malarcher. "Gender Differences In Current Smoking Characteristics Among Working Adults - United States, 2004-2010." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a6049.

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Calkins, K., J. L. Guttormson, N. S. Mcandrew, J. Fitzgerald, H. Losurdo, and D. Loonsfoot. "COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences of Nurses Working in Critical Care in the United States." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a3193.

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Guttormson, J. L., K. Calkins, N. S. Mcandrew, J. Fitzgerald, H. Losurdo, and D. Loonsfoot. "COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact on Nurses Working in Critical Care in the United States." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a1087.

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Venkataramani, Atheendar, Rourke O’Brien, and Elizabeth Bair. "S-243 Death by Robots? Automation and Working-Age Mortality in the United States." In 28th International Symposium on Epidemiology in Occupational Health (EPICOH 2021). BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2021-epi.426.

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Garland, Patricia Welesko, Robert C. DeVault, and Abdi Zaltash. "United States Department of Energy Large Commercial Absorption Chiller Development Program." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0852.

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Abstract The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is working with partners from the gas cooling industry to improve energy efficiency and U.S. competitiveness by using advanced absorption technologies that eliminate the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), refrigerants that contribute to ozone depletion and global warming. Absorption cooling uses natural gas as the heat source, which produces much lower NOx emissions than oil- or coal-generated electricity. Gas-fired chillers also have the advantage of helping reduce peak electrical usage during summer months. To assist industry in developing advanced absorption cooling technologies, DOE sponsors the Large Commercial Chiller Development Program. The goal of the program is to improve chiller cooling efficiency by 30–50% compared with the best currently available absorption systems.

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Pigni, Marco, J. McDonnell, C. Chapman, and G. Arbanas. "ORNL Contributions to the ENDF/B-VIII.1 Library [Slides]." In Cross Section Evaluation Working Group Meeting, Upton, NY (United States), 1 Nov 2023. US DOE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2341564.

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Pigni, M., D. Wiarda, and J. McDonnell. "Light Elements R-matrix Analyses with the SAMMY Code towards the Foundation of Charged-particle Nuclear Data Libraries [Slides]." In Cross Section Evaluation Working Group Meeting, Upton, NY (United States), 1 Nov 2023. US DOE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2341609.

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Hartranft, John, Bruce Thompson, and Dan Groghan. "The United States Navy “Standard Day” for Marine Gas Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64048.

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Following the successful development of aircraft jet engines during World War II (WWII), the United States Navy began exploring the advantages of gas turbine engines for ship and boat propulsion. Early development soon focused on aircraft derivative (aero derivative) gas turbines for use in the United States Navy (USN) Fleet rather than engines developed specifically for marine and industrial applications due to poor results from a few of the early marine and industrial developments. Some of the new commercial jet engine powered aircraft that had emerged at the time were the Boeing 707 and the Douglas DC-8. It was from these early aircraft engine successes (both commercial and military) that engine cores such as the JT4-FT4 and others became available for USN ship and boat programs. The task of adapting the jet engine to the marine environment turned out to be a substantial task because USN ships were operated in a completely different environment than that of aircraft which caused different forms of turbine corrosion than that seen in aircraft jet engines. Furthermore, shipboard engines were expected to perform tens of thousands of hours before overhaul compared with a few thousand hours mean time between overhaul usually experienced in aircraft applications. To address the concerns of shipboard applications, standards were created for marine gas turbine shipboard qualification and installation. One of those standards was the development of a USN Standard Day for gas turbines. This paper addresses the topic of a Navy Standard Day as it relates to the introduction of marine gas turbines into the United States Navy Fleet and why it differs from other rating approaches. Lastly, this paper will address examples of issues encountered with early requirements and whether current requirements for the Navy Standard Day should be changed. Concerning other rating approaches, the paper will also address the issue of using an International Organization for Standardization, that is, an International Standard Day. It is important to address an ISO STD DAY because many original equipment manufacturers and commercial operators prefer to rate their aero derivative gas turbines based on an ISO STD DAY with no losses. The argument is that the ISO approach fully utilizes the power capability of the engine. This paper will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the ISO STD DAY approach and how the USN STD DAY approach has benefitted the USN. For the future, with the advance of engine controllers and electronics, utilizing some of the features of an ISO STD DAY approach may be possible while maintaining the advantages of the USN STD DAY.

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Milne, G. L. "Joint Data Management System Joint Integrity: The Essential Elements." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2638.

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Leaking joints are a main cause of hydrocarbon releases on United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS) offshore sites. The consequential costs of shutdowns and repair can be very high. There are other significant risks, notably to occupational safety, major incident safety and the environment. Fundamental to joint integrity is the competence of the personnel involved. Leak data indicates that poor joint make-up is a major cause of leaks and a review of the causes confirms that the current skills and practices do not give leak-free joints. Therefore the most important element of a management system is to have competent people working on joints. A competence assurance process should be established where the level of training, assessment and experience required is dependant on the potential severity of a release. The results of this should be that that all joints are made up by personnel with an appropriate level of competence. Control of the competence of people working with joints is the most important factor in preventing leaks. There are many ways to influence the integrity of a pipe joint, particularly during design, procurement, fabrication and any intrusive work. A Management System should include details of best practices that are available, with a guide to when and where they should be used, and clarification on tightening methods. Most of these best practices already exist either as industry or company documents but may not be used effectively. • The management system should improve both their visibility and their use, and ensure capture and transparency of all specific historical joint data. Each operator should positively and effectively manage the integrity of bolted joints. It is expected that this will be built on a process of continuous improvement. The essential elements of such a management system are: • Ownership: There should be an identified owner of the management system, responsible not only for its implementation and ongoing maintenance, but also for communicating its aims and objectives throughout the organisation. The owner should state the expectations for the system and monitor its effectiveness. • Awareness: Everyone with an influence on joint integrity in the organisation should be aware of the management system, its objectives, expectations and effects on day-to-day working. Good awareness needs to be maintained. • Tools: A set of implementation tools is required to ensure that the expectations can be met. These should include risk assessment, competence management and control of the practices used. These are discussed in more detail later in this document. • Records and Data Management: The certainty of a successful joint being made up increases if historical data exists on the activities carried out in the past. Recording traceable data encourages best practice at the time of the activity, and will provide useful planning data for the next time the joint is disturbed. • Learning: Learning from incidents is important. A management system should include the means for gathering relevant data, which should be collected by operations engineers or technicians, and periodically reviewed to establish trends, performance and improvements. • Measurement: Easily monitored, but meaningful, performance standards should be put in place at launch to quantify the contribution being made by the management system and evaluate user satisfaction. Examples include: • The number of recorded leaks during testing and start-up; • Percentage leak reduction attributable to the use of the management system.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Working poor – united states"

Hale, Monique M. United States International Counterdrug Initiatives: Are they Working? Defense Technical Information Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada342701.

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DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE WASHINGTON DC. United States Air Force Working Capital Fund. FY 2001 Operating Budget. Defense Technical Information Center, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada375297.

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Porter, David B. United States Air Force Academy Educational Outcomes Assessment Working Group. Phase 2. Defense Technical Information Center, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada325234.

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Mykyta, Laryssa. Work Conditions and Serious Psychological Distress Among Working Adults Aged 18–64: United States, 2021. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:126566.

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This report uses 2021 National Health Interview Survey data to examine differences in serious psychological distress in working adults in the past 30 days by working conditions, including shift work, monthly earnings variation, perceived job insecurity, and schedule flexibility.

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O'Bannon, Patrick. Working in the Dry: Cofferdams, In-River Construction, and the United States Army Corps of Engineers. Defense Technical Information Center, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada515018.

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Maestas, Nicole, Kathleen Mullen, David Powell, Till von Wachter, and Jeffrey Wenger. The Value of Working Conditions in the United States and Implications for the Structure of Wages. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25204.

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Chauvin, Juan Pablo, Edward Glaeser, Yueran Ma, and Kristina Tobio. What is Different About Urbanization in Rich and Poor Countries? Cities in Brazil, China, India and the United States. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22002.

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Solmirano, Carina, and Pieter D. Wezeman. Military Spending and Arms Procurement in the Gulf States. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/lpyq8137.

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In September 2010 it was reported that Saudi Arabia had sought the US Government’s permission to purchase large numbers of combat aircraft and helicopters from US companies. This was just the latest indication that Saudi Arabia is planning a new arms-purchasing spree similar to that in the 1990s, raising questions about the possible impacts of military build-ups in the Gulf region, which includes both Iran and Iraq alongside the Arab states of the Gulf. Transparency is poor in most of the Gulf region. This SIPRI Fact Sheet combines data on known military spending and recent and planned arms imports in the Gulf states: Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.

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Tokoro, Yasuhiro, and Virginia Leticia Valdivia Caballero. Working Paper PUEAA No. 9. The trade policy of the United States, and the current situation and a perspective of the CPTPP (TPP-11). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/pueaa.007r.2022.

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The CPTPP allows economies and countries in other regions to formally incorporate trade flows with the Asia-Pacific and Pacific Rim, as well as boost trade with countries in these regions. The TPP was signed by 12 countries in February 2016 and on December 9 of the same year the Japanese government of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe approved the TPP by a majority in the House of Representatives. However, in January 2017, Trump, as the new President of the United States, officially declared the withdrawal of the United States from the TPP to fulfill one of his election promises. In the end, Trump's decision to withdraw the United States from the TPP has done nothing but exclude the United States from strengthening its trade ties with the Pacific Rim, while establishing the new 21st century rules for multilateral trade. In this context, this paper focuses on the study of two axes: the process and strategy of U.S. trade policy, and the current situation and a perspective of the TPP 11.

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DoD Office of Inspector General. Independent Auditors Report on the Air Force Working Capital Fund FY 2015 and FY 2014 Basic Financial Statements for United States Air Force Agency Financial Report 2015. Defense Technical Information Center, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1001836.

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