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Lei Hao, Khoo Terh Jing, Zhang Ruirui, Ha Chin Yee, Shi Yangle e Chen Siyao. "Application of Big Data in The Prevention of Work-Related Crimes in Early-Stage Construction Engineering". Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 32, n. 2 (7 settembre 2023): 457–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.32.2.457474.
Abstract (sommario):
Preventing work-related crimes in the early stages of construction projects is a crucial way to ensure the safety, efficiency, and integrity of construction projects. Big data technology offers great potential to enhance crime prevention strategies through advanced data analytics and predictive models. The early stage of construction projects includes bidding, land acquisition, demolition, approval, and procurement. Work-related crimes in the early stage of construction projects mainly involve corruption, bribery crimes, and dereliction of work-related crimes. This paper discussed the application of big data in the prevention of work-related crimes in the early stage of construction projects. First of all, this paper explored the characteristics of work-related crimes in the early stage of construction projects, and the patterns and types of crimes; secondly, identified the role of big data technology in the prevention of work-related crimes in the early stage of construction projects; finally, based on the survey results and analysis, this paper proposed to use work-related crime prevention strategy of big data technology in the early stage of construction projects. The research used quantitative research methods and simple random sampling to select various construction projects in Zhejiang, Beijing, Shandong, Guangdong, Henan, Jiangsu, Hebei, Hubei, Fujian, and Liaoning, which are the ten regions with the highest occurrence of work-related crimes in China. The target samples of this research included construction workers, construction companies, relevant stakeholders, and professionals closely related to the construction industry. An online questionnaire was administered to the participants for data collection. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The result of this research demonstrated the importance of big data technology in the prevention of work-related crimes in the early stages of construction projects.
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Spencer, Dale C., Rosemary Ricciardelli, Dale Ballucci e Kevin Walby. "Cynicism, dirty work, and policing sex crimes". Policing: An International Journal 43, n. 1 (4 dicembre 2019): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-07-2019-0123.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose Digital evidence is now infused in many (or arguably most) cases of sexual assault, which has refigured investigative tools, policing strategies and sources of cynicism for those working in sex crime units. Although cynicism, both its sources and affects, is widely studied among scholars of work and policing, little is known about how police working in sex crime units experience, mitigate and express cynicism. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap in understanding and explore the role of cynicism amongst investigators working in sex crime units. Design/methodology/approach To address this research gap, the authors conducted 70 semi-structured in-depth interviews and two focus groups with members of police services organizations across Canada working in sex crime units. Findings Examining sources of cynicism and emotional experiences, the authors reveal that officers in these units normalize and neutralize organizational and intra-organizational sources of cynicism, and cope with the potentially traumatizing and emotionally draining realities of undertaking this form of “dirty work.” The authors show that officer cynicism extends beyond offenders into organizational and operational aspects of their occupations and their lived experiences outside of work, which has implications for literature on police work, cynicism and digital policing. Originality/value The authors contribute to the literature on cyber policing by, first, examining sex crimes unit member’s sources of cynicism in relation to sex crimes and the digital world and, second, by exploring sources of cynicism in police organizations and other branches in the criminal justice system. The authors examine how such cynicism seeps into relationships outside of the occupation. The authors’ contribution is in showing that cynicism related to police dirty work is experienced in relation to “front” and “back” regions (Dick, 2005) but also in multiple organizational and social spheres. The authors contribute to the extant literature on dirty work insofar as it addresses the underexplored dirty work associated with policing cyber environments and the morally tainted elements of such policing tasks.
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Pollman, Elizabeth. "The crime of aggression and the case of Ukraine". American Yearbook of International Law 1, n. 1 (15 gennaio 2023): 694–729. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/ayil.33049.
Abstract (sommario):
Crime of aggression, international crisis, protection of human rights and international criminal justice are some of the notions that in last years the international community seek to find a commonly accepted basis to examine and analyze them. Particularly, the crime of aggression in recent years has changed its “face” and an attempt has been made to find application in the more stringent context of international crimes. The Ukrainian case is one of the latest examples and certainly not the last where international crimes, and the International Criminal Court must find the way to punish this atrocity as punishable crimes and as a purpose not only for the evolution of international crime law but also for the international peace and the world criminal justice. The present work tries to concretely analyze the crime of aggression in the occurrence of Ukrainian crisis and the work begun with the repression of international crimes and especially that of aggression.
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KOKOREV, EVGENY V. "Importance of correct registration of voluntary surrender materials by staff of penal system operational units in case of revealing and solving crimes of past years". Vedomosti (Knowledge) of the Penal System 233, n. 10 (2021): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.51522/2307-0382-2021-233-10-60-68.
Abstract (sommario):
A voluntary surrender as a way of reporting a crime contributes to the crime solving rate, the restoration of social justice and the inevitability of responsibility and makes it possible to solve crimes of past years. The work on organizing, receiving, considering and verifying the statements of convicts about their voluntary surrender is of great importance in the activities of the staff of the penal system’s operational units. The aim of the study was to define the importance of the voluntary surrender for the crime solving rate, the peculiarities of the work organization and registration of the voluntary surrender of convicts by operational officers of the penal system. The methodological basis was the research of scientific works, regulatory legal acts, statistical, analytical methods, systematization. The author evaluated the importance of the work carried out by operational divisions of the penal system on receiving, considering and verifying the statements of convicts on voluntary surrender for identifying and solving crimes of past years, identified a number of problematic issues that arise during the registration of materials on voluntary surrender, developed proposals for improving the activities of the penal system’s operational units in the field of processing procedural documents when accepting, considering and verifying voluntary surrender statements. It is proposed to create a unified practical manual for all practical units and cadets of educational institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia on the preparation of documentation of the convict’s voluntary surrender, which will help to avoid errors and will contribute to revealing and solving crimes of past years. Key words: voluntary surrender, the content of the voluntary surrender statement, crimes of past years, the fight against crime, the reception and registration of statements and reports of a crime in prisons, the identification and solving of crimes.
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Nuzhdin, Andrey. "Technical and Forensic Support for the Prevention of Penitentiary Crimes". Russian Journal of Criminology 15, n. 6 (28 dicembre 2021): 797–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2021.15(6).797-806.
Abstract (sommario):
Crimes committed by convicts serving criminal punishments present an urgent social problem. Although inmates are isolated and under constant control, the number of penitentiary crimes is growing. The identification of the whole complex of circumstances contributing to penitentiary crimes and their elimination are a guarantee of successful work on preventing crimes of this type. The potential of modern achievements in science and technology should be actively used in preventive work. Many legal scholars stress that the possibilities of using technical means, techniques and methods in the process of preventing crime (including penitentiary crime) are undervalued. Employees of preliminary investigation bodies and penitentiary institutions, in their turn, do not give value to the technical-forensic support (and sometime do not simply understand its possibilities) of preventing penitentiary crime. At the same time, their high priority and value in the organization of preventive work is beyond doubt. The article describes the theoretical basis of using technical-forensic means, offers their classification, shows key spheres of their use. The author stresses the preventive potential of special equipment available in each correctional institution (technical means of security and supervision). The article presents and offers a detailed classification of technical-forensic means, techniques and methods of preventing penitentiary crimes.
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Afanasyeva, Olga, Maria Goncharova e Valentina Shiyan. "The Condition and Trends of Crimes Committed in Public Places". Russian Journal of Criminology 13, n. 6 (26 dicembre 2019): 895–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2019.13(6).895-908.
Abstract (sommario):
The success of prevention greatly depends on its proper support by research. In the present situation with crime counteraction, it is impossible to achieve substantial results without using the advances of research. Criminological research of different types of crimes makes it possible to focus on their specific features. The authors of the article analyze the current situation with crimes committed in public places and their trends. It is noted that a third of all crimes in official statistics was committed in public places; their structure is dominated by theft, plunder and illegal drug trade. The general reduction of the level of crime in public places, characteristic for 2016, was accompanied by a growth in the number of crimes in the sphere of illegal trade in arms, drugs, and the number of thefts. The authors pay special attention to street crimes (summarize criminological approaches to the concept of «street crime», show its dynamics, structure, consequences, influence on the situation with public order and public safety, socio-psychological state of the society and the assessment of the work of the police). The results of researching crimes in public places at the regional level are presented. Using the analysis of statistical data from State Information and Analytical Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the authors state that the Central Federal District is one of the most problematic from the criminal viewpoint in the country. A high coefficient of crimes in public places is observed in the Siberian, Far East, Ural Federal Districts. Key modern trends of crimes in public places include: a dominant share of crimes against property; unlawful use of modern information and communication technologies for criminal purposes; links with transnational organized crime; a steady trend for a younger age of persons who commit crimes of this type. The results of the conducted research make it possible to determine new criminal challenges, identify priorities of preventive work, use and develop measures aimed at improving the counteraction not only to crimes in public places, but to crimes in general.
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Ignatieva, Т. I., e A. A. Pavlova. "Problems of organizing the work of law enforcement agencies in identifying persons who committed remote crimes". Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. History. Political Science. Law, n. 4 (9 gennaio 2024): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25587/2587-5612-2023-4-32-41.
Abstract (sommario):
As part of the study of the problem, the criminological structure of the personality of the criminal who committed a crime in the field of information and telecommunications technologies is reflected: the analysis of the criminal’s personality for the period 2014 – 2022, formed by the Information Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), according to the algorithm for the formation of section 9 “Information on crimes committed using information and telecommunications state statistical reporting form No. 4-USGS, where the general condition of the report is determined by the list of crimes (List No.25 “Crimes committed with the use (application) of information and telecommunication technologies or in the field of computer information” The list of articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter List No.25), introduced by the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation from the beginning of 2022. To identify some of the personality traits of a computer criminal, the age, gender, level of education, citizenship, ability to work and social status of the person were determined, according to the data of the statistical card form No.2 “Statistical card for the person who committed the crime” issued by the accounting entities. When identifying persons who have committed crimes in the field of information and telecommunication technologies (ITT) or in the field of computer information, law enforcement agencies are experiencing difficulties with staffing, because the investigation of computer crimes requires not only legal knowledge and practical forensic skills, but also the ability to understand the computer system or their network, and logistical equipment is also necessary and interaction with credit institutions, mobile operators and Internet services. At the same time, the main measure to counter this type of crime remains only prevention. In order to improve the operational and official activities of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the concentration of personnel efforts to achieve final results in the performance of assigned tasks and the implementation of functions (incentives), a proposal has been made, in terms of additions to the estimated indicator on the number of solved crimes in the field of ITT, transferred under investigation without de-registration from other subjects of the Russian Federation.
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Agub, Nelmar P., e Robino D. Cawi. "The Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic on Crimes in The Province of Isabela". International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation XI, n. III (2024): 168–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2024.1103013.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper focuses on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on crimes, particularly on the prevailing crimes, crime trends, crime schemes or commissions, and the Police response to the crimes between non-pandemic and pandemic periods. The study used an explanatory sequential approach to reciprocally support groups of data. The quantitative data is taken from the PNP Crime Information Reporting and Analysis System (CIRAS) of cities and selected municipalities affected by COVID-19 in the Province of Isabela. The qualitative data were collected through a semi-structured interview with the Chief of Police and investigators of the station. The study revealed that homicide, rape, violation of RA No. 11332, and vehicular incidents were the most committed. Intoxication is the key player in crimes and a shift to the subject was noted. The upward trajectory of crime during the pandemic was interconnected with the violation of the Republic Act (R.A.) No. 11332 through disobedience and arrogance to the person in authority. Income-related crimes are noted to have just emerged while work-and-business-related crimes have gone during the pandemic. The crime trend shows that if the pandemic persists, crimes dynamically trail an upward trend. The PNP in the Province of Isabela strictly adheres to its mandates and shows resiliency in pandemic crimes and COVID-19.
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Rudik, M. "CHARACTERISTIC OF CRIME RELATED TO THE ILLEGAL TRAFFICKING OF NARCOTIC DRUGS, PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES AND THEIR ANALOGUES IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA". Scientific Notes of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Juridical science 7, n. 3 (12 dicembre 2022): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2413-1733-2021-7-3(2)-253-263.
Abstract (sommario):
The author analyzed the dynamics of crimes related to the illegal circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their analogues on the territory of the Republic of Crimea in 2016–2020. In addition, the structure of crime related to the illegal circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their analogues in the territory of the Republic of Crimea was analyzed. Some statistics indicate that the majority of crimes related to illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances are committed by persons who do not have a permanent source of income. The author notes that at present, effective counteraction to drug-related crimes has a number of difficulties arising from the transition from contact types of sale to non-contact ones, which are actively used by persons distributing and selling narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. In countering such electronic methods of contactless sale of narcotic drugs, law enforcement agencies often work in an insufficient, and sometimes in a truncated format. The main difficulties in its high-quality implementation are reduced to the difficulties in the implementation of technical processing of the Internet messengers used for its implementation, operations with cryptocurrencies, as well as the use of anonymizers.
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Klementowski, Robert. "Financial Crime in the Operational Work of the State Security Service Until 1956 – Lower Silesian Perspective". Studia Historiae Oeconomicae 34, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2016): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sho-2016-0008.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Nationalization and the introduction of state-controlled economy led to the emergence of abnormal social phenomena, including system-specific crimes. Economic transformations were the foundation of the systemic revolution carried out in the first decade after the Second World War, therefore they were the subject of interest for the Ministry of Public Security. That is why financial crimes were treated just like political crimes, which was also justified by legal provisions, as no specific definition of this type of crime existed. This allowed the authorities (secret police, prosecutor’s office, courts, media) to interpret the events according to their will and current political needs, and, as a result, to administer various overt or covert repressions (death penalty, imprisonment, forced cooperation with the secret police).
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Kiran P, Mounika B, Naveen P, Tejaswini N e Karthik B. "Crime data anlysis using machine learning". South Asian Journal of Engineering and Technology 12, n. 3 (8 luglio 2022): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/sajet.2022.12.39.
Abstract (sommario):
Crime is one of the biggest and dominating problems in our society and its prevention is an important task. Daily there are huge numbers of crimes committed frequently. This requires keeping track of all the crimes and maintaining a database for same which may be used for future reference. The current problem faced are maintaining of proper dataset of crime and analyzing this data to help in predicting and solving crimes in future. The objective of this project is to analyze dataset which consist of numerous crimes and predicting the type of crime which may happen in future depending upon various conditions. In this project, Machine Learning and data science techniques are used for crime prediction of Chicago crime data set. For this supervised classification Random Forest algorithm is used. This approach involves predicting crimes classifying, pattern detection and visualization with effective tools and technologies. Use of past crime data trends helps us to correlate factors which might help understanding the future scope of crimes. In this work, various visualizing techniques and machine learning algorithms are adopted for predicting the crime distribution over an area. In the first step, the raw datasets are processed and visualized based on the need.
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Husin, Umar. "Formulasi Penanganan Sanksi Pidana Kerja Sosial terhadap Pelaku Korupsi Berbasis Keadilan". Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure 23, n. 4 (29 dicembre 2023): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2023.v23.495-506.
Abstract (sommario):
Law enforcement agrees that if crimes are categorized as serious or light, the perpetrators will be sentenced to prison sentences. There is no exception for perpetrators of criminal acts of corruption. In fact, Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code regulates social work crimes for perpetrators of corruption crimes. It is a question of what the ideal formulation of punishment should be for perpetrators of corruption crimes. The purpose of this writing is to obtain information related to the imposition of social work sanctions on perpetrators of corruption. The method used in this research is normative juridical. This research found that the application of social work criminal sanctions for perpetrators of crimes, especially corruption crimes, is part of fulfilling a sense of justice and respect for human rights. It also has an impact on reducing the number of convicts in correctional institutions. The government and DPR need to amend the Corruption Crime law so that it is in accordance with what is regulated in Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Indonesian Criminal Code, especially on article number 85
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GARCIA, Danler, e Diego NUNES. "“É antes um delito político do que natural ou individual”: a condição jurídica dos delitos de abuso de liberdade de imprensa no Direito Penal do Brasil Império". Passagens: Revista Internacional de História Política e Cultura Jurídica 13, n. 1 (31 gennaio 2021): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15175/1984-2503-202113102.
Abstract (sommario):
The following work focuses on the legal status of offenses against press freedom under the Criminal Code of the Empire of Brazil, whether common crimes, special crimes, or political crimes. In light of the absence in the historiography of historical-legal investigations into this unique issue, this article has sought to analyze historical sources, such as doctrines on criminal and constitutional law by the Empire’s authors, as well as contemporary literature on history, law, and other fields of knowledge distinct from law. The result reveals a disparity in sources on offenses against press freedom, classifying them as regular crime, crime sui generis, private crime, and political crime, with the latter type predominating.
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Bullock, Karen, e Jon Garland. "Policing Rural Crimes and Rural Communities in England". International Journal of Rural Criminology 8, n. 1 (27 settembre 2023): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/ijrc.v8i1.9561.
Abstract (sommario):
This article examines factors that influence the processes and practices of crime prevention and investigation in rural areas of England. Whilst evidence shows that rural crime is a significant problem, there has been hitherto a dearth of research into how the issue is policed. Drawing on the perspectives of police personnel, this article examines the features of the rural environment and the organisation and management of police services that influence the delivery of police work in rural areas of England. Specifically, the article considers factors that influence the reporting and subsequent recording of rural crimes; how police officers understand and perceive rural crimes; how police services prioritise crimes for preventative and investigative purposes; how responsibility for investigating rural crimes is diffused across law enforcement agencies and how this can cause confusion for officers; matters related to the generation of evidence; officer understanding of the legislation regarding rural crime; the willingness of officers to undertake the investigation of rural crimes and the reluctance of some to live in the countryside; and the organisation and management of police resources in rural areas. In so doing, it sets out the reasons why the policing of rural spaces is distinctive and considers implications for police work and its outcomes.
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Thanuja, B. "Machine Learning Based Crime Rate Analysis Using Python". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, n. 11 (30 novembre 2022): 1312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47574.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract: Crime is obvious that the rate of crimes were increasing day by day in all societies in world, but we personally do believe that there are a lot which can be done by both the governments and the individuals to reduce the crimes in communities. Crime analysis is a well-organized way of detecting and examining patterns and trends in crime. We should give utmost importance to study the reasons behind the crimes, so that we can prevent various crimes occurring and we can be able to find suitable solutions to prevent them. When people cannot find work, they have all the free time in the world. They think of crimes as a shortcut to obtaining and processing the riches of life, without any hardwork. To my mind, the overwhelming majority of people tend to participate in activities assisting the government to keep the society a safe place for their own families and the others and for all age groups. Our main aim of this project is to distinguish various crimes using clustering techniques based on the occurrences and regularity. In this project, the crime data is classified using the Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Random Forest Algorithm. This proposed system can indicate the areas which has more probability of occurring crimes so that we can easily identify the crimes based on the previous history and we can take measures to prevent the occurrences of crimes.
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Park, Han Ho, e Dong Hyeon Kim. "A Study on Adult‘s fear of Cyber Sex Crimes: Focusing on the Relationship between Perceptions of Punishment Criminal Psychology". Korean Association of Criminal Psychology 19, n. 1 (31 marzo 2023): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25277/kcpr.2023.19.1.71.
Abstract (sommario):
As the cyber world, such as the surrealism-oriented metaverse, is approaching, you will have a new experience that is different from before. On the contrary, this means that crimes like real life will be done as if they are real in cyberspace. Furthermore, it also means that cyber crimes that transcend crimes in the real world can occur by reflecting the characteristics of online. The degree of fear of crime can vary depending on the type of fear of crime. Real crimes can be stopped through punishment, but cyber crimes are difficult to punish depending on their methods and characteristics. Therefore, the perception of punishment that individuals have can directly affect their fear of crime. The resolution of crimes such as cybersex crimes is not initiated by criminal justice agencies, but rather by reports from victims or witnesses, and these reports are determined by various factors. Assuming that the actions of victims or witnesses are not rational, and that psychological mechanisms work, it is necessary to conduct research that reflects the characteristics of cyberspace. Therefore, this study investigates the perception of celerity, severity, and certainty, which are the 3 key elements of criminal justice authorities' punishment for cyber sex crimes, and considers the fear of cyber sex crimes through the frame of these three levels of awareness based on the theoretical background. Psychological fear of perceived crime was measured. In this study, the subjects, methods, and main analysis results showed that only the severity of punishment among the perceptions of punishment predicted cyber sex crime fear. Therefore, this study suggests a plan to lower the fear of cyber sex crimes through strict punishment by strengthening the sentencing judgment for cyber sex crimes based on the research results.
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Akopyan, Mikajel A., e Vasilij V. Veklenko. "Comparative Analysis of Recidivism and Other Types of Multiple Crimes in the Criminal Law of the Russian Federation". Rossijskoe pravosudie, n. 12 (25 novembre 2022): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2072-909x.2022.12.89-95.
Abstract (sommario):
Domestic criminal legislation today is in need of revising some of the provisions relating to the forms of multiplicity of crimes. These provisions are of particular importance in the framework of the process of qualification of crimes, including when choosing by the judiciary the rules for imposing criminal punishment. At the same time, increased attention should be paid to the process of qualifying the recidivism of crimes, since its use leads to aggravation of criminal punishment. The main purpose of the work is to analyze domestic legislation in order to delimit the recidivism of crimes from related institutions of criminal law. As part of the study, the main norms of criminal law devoted to the recidivism of crimes, as well as other similar institutions of criminal law, were studied in order to identify problematic points of contact. Also, an analysis of judicial practice was carried out to identify problems in the qualification of crimes with signs of recidivism. Based on the results of the work, it was concluded that it is necessary to revise some provisions of the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation in terms of delimiting the recurrence of crimes from related institutions. Thus, it is proposed to introduce a legal definition of the totality of sentences in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which in practice is often confused with the institution of recidivism, which negatively affects the process of qualifying criminal acts. It is also possible to single out the rules for imposing punishment in the event that a person who has a criminal record for committing a crime commits a repeated crime, if such an act does not contain recidivism-forming signs (for example, the commission of an intentional crime by a person in the presence of an outstanding or unexpunged conviction that does not form a recidivism of the crime).
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Tladi, Dire. "The international law commission’s recent work on exceptions to immunity: Charting the course for a brave new world in international law?" Leiden Journal of International Law 32, n. 01 (23 novembre 2018): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156518000663.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractIn the summer of 2017, the International Law Commission adopted a draft article on exceptions to immunity. The Draft Article adopted provides that immunityratione materiaedoes not apply with respect to certain international crimes, namely crimes against humanity, the crime of genocide, war crimes, the crime of apartheid, torture, and enforced disappearances. These exceptions do not apply to immunityratione personae. The Draft Article was adopted after a vote and was severely criticized by some members of the Commission. It has also received mixed reaction from states, with some supporting its content while others have opposed it. In the aftermath of the adoption of the Draft Article, there has also been academic commentary, some of which has been critical. The (main) criticism levelled against the Draft Article is that it does not represent existing law and has no basis in the practice of states. This article seeks to evaluate the criticism by considering whether there is any state practice in support of the Draft Article proposed by the Commission.
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Ignatenko, Evgeniy Aleksandrovich, e Nikita Evgenevich Chelnokov. "CRIMINOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE PREVENTION OF CRIMES COMMITTED BY PERSONS WITH NEGATIVE CHANGES IN MENTAL ACTIVITY". Current Issues of the State and Law, n. 8 (2018): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2018-2-8-30-37.
Abstract (sommario):
We examine the question of prevention of crimes committed by persons with negative changes in the psyche. The relevance of the topic is confirmed by the fact that in modern conditions, preventive activities against crimes of persons with mental disabilities has acquired high importance and has become the main concept of general and forensic psychiatry, but the lack of scientific research on the prevention of crimes committed by persons with mental disorders, has a negative impact on the fight against crime. The effectiveness of the fight against crime largely depends on organizational and methodological prerequisites. Prevention of crimes committed by persons with negative changes in mental activity has an integrative nature and is possible only with the comprehensive development of tactical methods of preventive measures, criminological methods of prevention of crimes committed by persons and the development on this basis of practical recommendations to improve preventive activities. Prevention consists of two main areas: socially oriented and biologically based measures. We propose to emphasize the special field of prophylaxis and prevention measures against crimes – socio-psychiatric prophylaxis, justifying it by the fact, that prophylaxis is a complex measure. We draw a conclusion that it is possible to ensure sustainable and effective preventive work only with the coordinated mutual work of doctors and law enforcement officers, first of all, the internal affairs bodies, as well as social workers.
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Kirilenko, Fedir. "Dynamics of crimes committed in 1960–2018 per 10,000 population". Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 1, n. 1 (30 marzo 2020): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-1-118-124.
Abstract (sommario):
Regardless of the type of state, crime was, is, and will be. Crime is generally explored by analyzing the number of crimes and the number of convicts. In general, the criminal situation in Ukraine in the period 1960-2018 is characterized by a stable tendency to increase the number of reported crimes. However, this trend was not uniform and in some years there was a decrease in crime rates. The overall crime rate can be traced to the tables that supplemented the submissions. This study was prepared based on statistics from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, which reflects the level of crimes committed in 1960–2018 with a population of ten thousand. The focus is on the dynamics of reported crimes during this period. The purpose of the article is to investigate, evaluate and publish statistics that show the dynamics of crimes perpetrated in Ukraine by ten thousand people in the 1960-2018 period. Elements of the scientific novelty of this study are the information base, as the work is based on the results of the reporting data of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. The information provided covers a range of issues pertaining to crimes perpetrated in Ukraine by ten thousand people per year. The materials can be useful for officials and officials of state bodies, local self-government bodies, public activists, journalists, scientists, etc., who deal with the problems of legal statistics, as well as in the research sphere, in the educational process, etc. The study is based on the official statistics of the Interior Ministry of Ukraine 1960-2018. Materials are supplemented by primary statistics. The study, which is based on the results of the study of the reporting data of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and reflects the level of crimes committed in 19602018 with the rate per ten thousand population, allows to judge the work of its individual services and units for crime detection, etc. during this period and will useful in predicting the dynamics of crime and developing evidence-based measures to prevent these types of crime.
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M. Musa, Elsi Elvina e Evi Yanti. "Criminal Social Work To Overcome Overcapacity In Post-Pandemic Prisons". Yuridika 38, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2023): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v38i1.37962.
Abstract (sommario):
There are currently various problems with prisons, including the emergence of problems regarding Over Capacity in prisons. Especially in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic, where prisons in Indonesia are not comparable to limited capacity space. In the renewal of criminal law, in this case, the Draft Law on the Criminal Code (RUU-KUHP) has discussed various alternative crimes, one of which is the existence of social work crimes. Research on social work crimes to overcome overcapacity in Post Pandemic Prisons (Prisons) uses normative legal research methods. The legal material used is to use library studies (Library Research). The regulations regarding social work crimes have been implemented in several countries such as the Netherlands, Portugal and Denmark. Social work crimes are also known as short-term deprivation of liberty and as an alternative attempt to carry out certain crimes with a short time.
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Deloughery, Kathleen, Ryan D. King e Victor Asal. "Close Cousins or Distant Relatives? The Relationship Between Terrorism and Hate Crime". Crime & Delinquency 58, n. 5 (settembre 2012): 663–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128712452956.
Abstract (sommario):
Prior research has frequently drawn parallels between the study of hate crimes and the study of terrorism. Yet, key differences between the two behaviors may be underappreciated in extant work. Terrorism is often an “upward crime,” involving a perpetrator of lower social standing than the targeted group. By contrast, hate crimes are disproportionately “downward crimes,” usually entailing perpetrators belonging to the majority or powerful group in society and minority group victims. The latter difference implies that hate crimes and terrorism are more akin to distant relatives than close cousins. These divergent perspectives provide a backdrop for the present research, which empirically investigates the association between hate crimes and terrorism. In doing so, we contribute to prior work on hate crimes and terrorism by emphasizing the temporal association between these behaviors and by empirically investigating the potential for one kind of violent event to trigger another kind of violence. Time-series analyses of weekly and daily data on terrorism and hate crimes committed in the United States between 1992 and 2008 reveal three primary conclusions. First, we find no evidence to suggest that hate crimes are a precursor to future terrorism. Second, hate crimes are often perpetrated in response to terrorist acts. Third, the latter association is particularly strong for hate crimes perpetrated against minority groups after a non-right-wing terrorist attack, particularly attacks on symbols of core American ideals, indicating that some hate crimes may essentially constitute expressions of retaliation.
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Albariansyah, Hamonangan, Topo Santoso e Eva Achjani Zulfa. "Legal Protection of Work Safety Crimes Victims In Indonesia". Sriwijaya Law Review 6, n. 1 (31 gennaio 2022): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.28946/slrev.vol6.iss1.1363.pp24-40.
Abstract (sommario):
Between 2014 and 2018, the Indonesian Ministry of Manpower recorded 89,625 cases of work accidents, and 1,193 of them resulted in death. During this period, 34,075 companies were reported for alleged work safety crimes. From the 2,074 cases, only four have been sentenced to prison. The most interesting issue is that the victims of work safety crimes do not get any kind of restitution or even compensation. This article aims to investigate the legal protection for victims of work safety crimes from the criminal law perspective. The method used is normative qualitative research on primary data, such as work safety legislation, the Criminal Code, and criminal court decisions. As a result, the work safety law stipulates that the purpose of law enforcement on work safety is recovery for victims, repairs and prevention. They are carried out to protect the public interest. Work safety regulations also regulate the qualifications of actions categorized as work safety crimes. Unfortunately, the regulation does not provide a mechanism for resolving work safety crimes. So that the settlement of work safety crimes relies on the general criminal justice system that adheres to retributive objectives in law enforcement. The purpose of law enforcement on work safety cannot be applied because victims do not get restitution or compensation. Thus, to obtain legal protection in accordance with the objectives of law enforcement on work safety, the alternative solution is a criminal policy to establish a special criminal mechanism for the settlement of work safety crimes.
24
Cabral de Albuquerque, Rafael. "TRAFFIC CRIMES". Revista Gênero e Interdisciplinaridade 5, n. 01 (29 febbraio 2024): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.51249/gei.v5i01.1911.
Abstract (sommario):
The topic of traffic crimes is a growing concern in many countries, including Brazil, due to serious accidents, injuries, and deaths resulting from violations of traffic laws. The aim of this work is to analyze the characteristics and main differences between intentional and negligent crimes, as well as their application to traffic offenses. The distinction between intentional and negligent crimes in traffic offenses lies in the presence or absence of intent, which is the deliberate and conscious will to commit the crime, according to current legislation. The classification of a traffic offense as intentional or negligent depends on a detailed analysis of the circumstances of each specific case, taking into account factors such as the conduct of the agent, the resulting outcome, the causal link, and the agent’s culpability, based on court precedents. The development of this work highlights that traffic offenses are classified in the Brazilian Traffic Code (CTB) and can be categorized as intentional or negligent, depending on the conduct of the agent and the resulting outcome. Intentional crimes occur when the driver acts with the intention of causing the outcome, while negligent crimes occur when the driver behaves negligently, recklessly, or in an unskilled manner, resulting in a traffic accident. The reference work used in this study emphasizes the importance of considering the presence or absence of intent in differentiating between intentional and negligent crimes in traffic offenses and underscores the need for an individualized analysis of each case. This research employed a bibliographic review methodology, which was essential to provide a theoretical foundation for the study and identify gaps and research opportunities on this topic. In conclusion, the application of intent or negligence to a specific case will depend on the evidence presented to the judge, both by the Public Prosecutor’s Office at the time of indictment and by the defense during the presentation of the response to the charges. Thus, the classification of the conduct ceases to be of an objective nature and becomes subjectively evaluated by the judge.
25
Homich, Dmitro. "A study and systematization of methods of thefts of natural gas are by interference with work of device of account". Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, n. 1 (15 aprile 2020): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.1.2020.67.
Abstract (sommario):
The results of the study of different ways to commit abduction of natural gas by interfering with the work appliance are considered in the article. A special attention is paid to the abduction of natural gas by interfering with manipulation of a gas meter. The study has revealed that these ways include training actions, committing and hiding of criminological traces of such crimes. The ways to commit abduction of natural gas depend on the following factors: professional skills of the offender, construction of gas network, methods of direct impact on gas meters and their components. Results of studying given problem make it possible to systematize the actions of criminals aimed at direct abduction of natural gas by interfering with manipulation of a gas meter: by exposure time (regular and one-off), by form of influence (mechanic and magnetic methods). A way of committing a crime manifested itself in committing certain actions and left certain trace picture changing the environment. These changes reflected the ways of committing the crime, disclosed the professional and criminal skills of the offender. The techniques of committing crimes that were investigated were repeated. This pattern is objective in the investigation technique of the abduction of natural gas by interfering with manipulation of a gas meter. The key finding of the study shows that the repetitive nature of such crimes is explained by the repetition of objective and subjective factors. It gives us reason to talk about similarity in the commission of crimes caused by a coincidence of species traits. The ways to commit abduction of natural gas by interfering with the work appliance includes acts that are naturally associated with the commission of a crime and aimed at preparing and hiding them.
Therefore, to prevent the abduction of natural gas by interfering with manipulation of a gas meter the study focused on revealing the ways of committing such crimes because they are of great use in their investigation. A list of ways to steal natural gas is not complete, new ways of abduction of natural gas will appear that will be characterized by greater level of concealment.
26
Lyapin, A. E. "Cybercrime as a New Object of Statistical Analysis". Statistics and Economics 18, n. 6 (22 dicembre 2021): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2021-6-4-16.
Abstract (sommario):
A global trend in recent years is the so-called digitalization of crime, that is, the use of information technology as a means and instrument of crime. Remote methods of committing crimes have become widespread, in which direct contact is excluded not only between the offender and the victim, but also between the accomplices of illegal activities. The real damage from cybercrimes is currently difficult to calculate, while the number of these crimes is growing rapidly from year to year. This study analyzes the state and dynamics of crimes in the field of information technology, as well as identifies gaps in legislation, law enforcement practice and accounting in which information about crimes of this type is accumulated. Purpose of the research. The purpose of the research is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the state and dynamics of crimes in the field of information technology. Within the framework of the article, it is necessary to give a definition of crimes in the field of information technology for the purpose of conducting static analysis, while distinguishing between identical concepts. Highlight the main types and methods of their commission, form the classification of crimes in the field of information technology and designate the criteria for their construction. Analyze the experience of foreign countries and the results of the operational activities of the economic security and anti-corruption units of the territorial internal affairs bodies and suggest measures to improve the efficiency of the work being done.Materials and methods. When writing the work, the author used the methods of mathematical statistics; methods of the general theory of statistics, namely, relative, absolute and average values, methods of synthesis and analysis. For visual display of statistical data, graphical and tabular methods of data visualization were used. The information and empirical base was compiled by data on crimes in this area of the Main Information and Analytical Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the Judicial Department under the Supreme Court and the General Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation.Results of the research. When writing the article, a quantitative assessment of the state of crime in the field of information technology was made, the main objects of attack by cybercriminals were identified; the most characteristic features and methods of committing crimes in the field of information technology were described. A statistical classification system for assessing the level of cybercrime is proposed. The effectiveness of the work carried out by law enforcement agencies to counter these criminal manifestations has been analyzed. Various ways of increasing the efficiency of the work of law enforcement agencies are proposed. When analyzing the law enforcement practice, a number of problems were identified related to the proof of crimes of this orientation, namely, insufficient interaction between law enforcement agencies, on the one hand, and financial institutions, telecommunication service providers, on the other hand.Conclusion. The author proposes ways to improve the quality of the verification measures to identify persons involved in the commission of crimes in the field of information technology, as well as to assess the effectiveness of economic security and anti-corruption units of territorial internal affairs bodies in identifying this category of crimes. These measures are not exhaustive; in order to increase the effectiveness of countering cybercriminals, it is necessary to apply a systematic approach aimed not only at improving the quality of the work of law enforcement and investigative agencies, improving the software system and material and technical equipment, but also improving information support of the banking sector, increasing bank response measures, and most importantly, the literacy of the population.
27
Bessonov, Aleksey. "The Use of Information Technologies in Crime Investigation". Siberian Criminal Process and Criminalistic Readings, n. 1 (35) (11 aprile 2022): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2411-6122.2022.1.94-100.
Abstract (sommario):
The digitization of various spheres of state and public life not only gives rise to new ways of committing crimes, but also presents new opportunities for crime investigation work. In the modern world, the products of digitization are an important source of evidentiary and search information, they also act as an instrument of detecting and studying digital traces in crime investigation. A separate sphere of research is algorithms of artificial intelligence, and the possibilities of using them in criminalistics and the investigation of criminal activities. Serial crimes are used as an example to showcase the possibility of applying AI algorithms to construct a search portrait of a serial offender, to find serial crimes in a mass of unsolved crimes, and to identify the suspect. Further improvement of preliminary investigation is impossible without the use of modern digital technologies, which sets new tasks for the science of criminalistics.
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Гришин, Алексей, Alexey Grishin, Александр Шахматов e Alexander Shakhmatov. "Operational-search characteristics of the offender committing sexual crimes against minors and teenagers". Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2019, n. 2 (12 luglio 2019): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2019-2-199-207.
Abstract (sommario):
this article deals with the issues of operational-search characteristics of the criminal personality, committing sexual crimes, types of crimes against sexual integrity and sexual freedom, the qualification of the person committing sexual crimes, its psychological characteristics, as well as issues related to the study of the criminal personality, as one of the elements of operational-search characteristics of the investigation and disclosure of crimes against sexual integrity of minors and minors. Investigative and operational investigative practice includes the development of a psychological portrait of a person unknown to law enforcement agencies, but the perpetrator of the crime Studied several types of crimes against sexual integrity and sexual freedom of minors and minors, which include sexual depravity. The article States that the subject of rape can be a male person, but women can also become criminals in this area, not only acting as an organizer, instigator or accomplice, but also as a person who commits a sexual crime. The article provides recommendations for the development of a file, which should contain the most complete information about the perpetrators of sexual crimes, the external characteristics of persons in respect of whom sexual interest was expressed. The presence of such information will make the most effective work of law enforcement agencies in the operational investigation and disclosure of these crimes, will increase the efficiency in identifying persons who have committed sexual crimes, and most importantly prevent possible serial crimes.
29
Slack, Anita J. "Book Review: Crimes of the Centuries: Notorious Crimes, Criminals, and Criminal Trials in American History". Reference & User Services Quarterly 56, n. 1 (23 settembre 2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.56n1.57b.
Abstract (sommario):
This three-volume set’s biggest strength is its unique focus. While many encyclopedias of crime exist, focusing on types of criminals, locations of crimes, and types of punishments, I have yet to experience a set that focuses on the notoriety of the crimes it discusses. The introduction details the philosophy employed by the editors in choosing the content for this set, noting that they sought crimes that are notorious in the sense of uniqueness, newsworthiness, and timeliness to other political, social, or cultural happenings. A quick search of Amazon confirmed my suspicion that scholarly reference work on these types of crimes has been a niche in the literature that has remained, until recently, largely unfilled.
30
Hrishakov, M. V. "Interpol activities against environmental crime". Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, n. 80 (20 gennaio 2024): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.80.2.47.
Abstract (sommario):
The article focuses on describing the main areas of Interpol’s activities in combating environmental crime. It is indicated that Interpol’s activities in combating environmental crime include the following areas: crimes against wildlife, crimes in the field of fisheries, crimes in the field of forestry, pollution and related crimes. It is noted that an extensive structure has been created within the Organization to combat these crimes. In particular, a group responsible for combating environmental crimes was created - the Environmental Security Programme (ENS). The ENS aims to assist member states in effectively enforcing national legislation and international environmental law, as well as to ensure law enforcement cooperation, combine the efforts of various government agencies and encourage coordinated crossborder actions to maintain environmental security. It is noted that the activities of ENS are closely interrelated and supported by the Environmental Compliance and Enforcement Committee (ECEC). The ECEC helps INTERPOL to identify emerging patterns and trends in environmental crime and develop law enforcement responses to address identified threats; it acts as a strategic advisory group of INTERPOL on policy development and project implementation related to the prevention and suppression of environmental crime and law violations. It is emphasised that the ECEC has four working groups on crimes: Fisheries (FCWG), Forestry (FoCWG), Wildlife (WCWG) and Pollution (PCWG). Each group brings together forensic scientists and experts from around the world who work on threat-based activities and provide the Committee and INTERPOL with expert advice on how to respond to various threats. It is noted that INTERPOL also provides a range of other tools and services in the field of combating environmental crime: the I-24/7 system, notices, ecomessages, Regional Investigative and Analytical Case Meetings (RIACMs), Investigative Support Teams (ISTs), operations, National Environmental Security Task Forces (NeSts) etc.
31
Cadena-Urzúa, Pablo, Álvaro Briz-Redón e Francisco Montes. "Crime Analysis of the Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile: A Spatial Panel Data Approach". Social Sciences 11, n. 10 (27 settembre 2022): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11100443.
Abstract (sommario):
The aim of our work is to determine the influence that socio-economic and demographic factors have had on crimes that have taken place during the period 2010–2018 in the communes of the Metropolitan Region of Chile, as well as the existence of possible spatial or temporal effects. We address 12 kinds of crime that we have grouped into two main types: against people and against property. Our interest focuses on crimes against people, using crimes against property as an additional covariate in order to investigate the existence of the broken-windows phenomenon in this context. The model chosen for our analysis is a spatial panel model with fixed effects. The results highlight that covariates such as infant mortality, birth rate, poverty and green areas have a significant influence on crimes against people. Regarding the spatio-temporal covariates, one effect observed is that there is a displacement of crime towards neighbouring communes, leaving open a new line of study to discover the causes of this displacement.
32
Gotchina, Larisa. "Juvenile and youth crime: current state and prospects". Russian Journal of Deviant Behavior 1, n. 2 (28 ottobre 2021): 304–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2713-0622-2021-2-304-313.
Abstract (sommario):
The official decline in registered crime rates is associated with a high level of its latency, new forms and methods of its commission, «computerization of crime» and an artificial redistribution of public attention to extremist crime and corruption. Russian crime continues to be self-serving, violent, and organized. A factor of its latency is the problem of the young people’s career placing in the job and low pay for their work. The Internet is actively used by «criminal IT specialists» in drug trafficking, deliberately false reports of acts of terrorism; juveniles and young people are chosen as perpetrators of crimes and as victims of crimes. They are also characterized by participation in the organization of prostitution, illegal arms trafficking, and self-serving violent crimes. The family remains both the factor of juvenile and youth crime, and the main subject of its prevention. The adoption of the criminogenic draft law «On the prevention of domestic violence», the legalization of the drug market and the authorization of the use of methadone in Russia are unacceptable. Prevention of crimes committed by juveniles, young people and their families is a priority, it should be based on the developed state ideology. It is based on morality, patriotism, healthy lifestyle, and law-abiding behavior. A return to the priority of international law is essential. This will preserve the system of prevention and suppression of the most dangerous types of crimes using mechanisms of international control and interaction.
33
Kutsev, Vladimir Valentinovich. "Forms and methods of preventing crimes in the field of drug trafficking". Вопросы безопасности, n. 1 (gennaio 2024): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2024.1.69561.
Abstract (sommario):
The subject of this study is the forms and methods of preventing crimes in the field of drug trafficking. The purpose of the study is to analyze the forms and methods of preventing drug crimes, their differentiation, identify current problems and develop ways to solve them. Attention is drawn to the fact that the main actors in the prevention of drug crime are the state and society. The role of the state is to coordinate and determine the vectors of combating drug crime, draw up plans and programs for preventive activities, and determine the competence of other subjects of prevention. Society also plays an important role in reducing drug crime, so it is important to involve citizens in the prevention of crimes in the field of drug trafficking. It is determined that the feedback mechanism contributes to the qualitative interaction of civil society institutions with law enforcement agencies and government agencies. The research methodology includes a number of general scientific methods of scientific cognition. The following methods were used in the course of the research: the method of analysis and synthesis, methods of deduction and induction, the method of analyzing scientific literature, the method of systematization, formal legal, dialectical and other methods. The research is structured according to the principles of logic and structuring. The scientific novelty of this study is to highlight the urgent problems of drug crime prevention as one of the methods of preventing crimes in the field of drug trafficking. Special attention is paid to improving the practice of social rehabilitation of drug addicts. This topic has been the subject of scientific research, but the main focus of many researchers is on drug treatment. At the same time, social rehabilitation and employment of drug addicts are of no less importance, as they seriously reduce the likelihood of such persons committing crimes in the field of drug trafficking. The considered method of preventing drug crimes, expressed in individual preventive work with drug addicts, will also contribute to reducing the demand for drugs, which will reduce the number of crimes in the field of illicit trafficking. The conducted research allowed us to conclude that such a method of preventing crimes in the field of drug trafficking as individual preventive work with drug addicts, their adaptation and social rehabilitation is of high importance. Some problems in this area are considered, and possible solutions are proposed.
34
Endriana, Muchamad Satria, Yusriadi, Ana Silviana e Zico Junius Fernando. "Green Financial Crime: Expose About Financial Crime In The Environment And Renewable Energy World". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1270, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2023): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1270/1/012012.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Financial crimes related to the environment and renewable energy sector, known as green financial crimes, have become a global concern due to their negative impact on the economy, environment, and sustainable development. This research aims to find out the phenomenon of green financial crimes, the impacts caused, as well as the challenges and obstacles in overcoming this problem. This research uses a doctrinal, descriptive-perscriptive research method using content analysis. To address these issues, this study recommends strategies involving the government, private sector, and society, such as counselling, strict supervision, and strict law enforcement. With a better understanding of green finance crime, it is hoped that various parties can work together to combat this crime so that renewable energy development and environmental preservation can run more efficiently and effectively to achieve sustainable development goals.
35
Heinonen, Anna. "Balancing Between Social Work and Prosecution". European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 22, n. 3 (2 luglio 2014): 281–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718174-22032050.
Abstract (sommario):
Disciplinary violence is a type of a crime that still is not always perceived as a crime and perceptions of the severity and ‘educational’ nature of the acts still may affect authority decision making. This is not indifferent as pre-trial investigation carried out by the police has a crucial impact on how suspicions of crime proceed in the criminal process, especially when it comes to suspicions of violence against children. During pre-trial investigation, the police affect what kind of a case is being ‘constructed’ as a crime and, thus, affect what we perceive as a crime. This process of ‘defining’ what constitutes a crime is very meaningful especially when considering crimes like disciplinary violence that have not traditionally been considered as forbidden. Based on Finnish reports of crime to the police and pre-trial investigation documents from the year 2011, this research examines, first, what kind of typical suspicions of disciplinary violence come to the attention of the police and, second, how these suspicions have proceeded. The analysis shows that a typical suspicion of disciplinary violence is reported to the police by a social worker or the other parent, and that slightly less than two-thirds of the cases had been sent to a prosecutor. However, from the point of view of due process and equal treatment of children, the analysis yields alarming findings in the sense of very diverse policies of police departments and individual investigators in dealing with suspicions of disciplinary violence.
36
Pawluczuk-Bućko, Paulina, e Andrii Butyrskyi. "Criminological characteristics of crimes in bankruptcy". Studia Iuridica Toruniensia 28 (16 ottobre 2021): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/sit.2021.012.
Abstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to investigating the problems of the causes of crimes in bankruptcy proceedings. The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze the causes of bankruptcy crimes achieved through the establishment of: types of bankruptcy crimes, subjects of bankruptcy crimes, motives for committing bankruptcy crimes, peculiarities of crimes at different stages of bankruptcy. The theoretical basis of the study was the scientific work of scientists and practitioners in the field of criminology, criminal law and economic law. The authors have developed their own concept, which is based on the so-called bankruptcy rhombus, which defines the composition and location of each of the participants in the bankruptcy case, is ideally suited to identify the subjects and object of the bankruptcy crime, because it allows you to see the degree of interest of participants in the case bankruptcy and their hierarchy. Now let’s look at the causes of the crime each participant individually, starting from the bottom of the rhombus – from the debtor. To achieve this goal and to solve it set of tasks during the study was used a set of various methods of cognition, among which can be distinguished: dialectical, systemic analysis, formal-logical, systemic-structural.
37
Crodelle, Jennifer, Celeste Vallejo, Markus Schmidtchen, Chad M. Topaz e Maria R. D’Orsogna. "Impacts of California Proposition 47 on crime in Santa Monica, California". PLOS ONE 16, n. 5 (19 maggio 2021): e0251199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251199.
Abstract (sommario):
We examine patterns of reported crime in Santa Monica, California before and after the passage of Proposition 47, a 2014 initiative that reclassified some non-violent felonies as misdemeanors. We also investigate impacts of the opening of four new light rail stations in 2016 and of increased community-based policing starting in late 2018. Our statistical analyses of reclassified crimes—larceny, fraud, possession of narcotics, forgery, receiving/possessing stolen property—and non-reclassified ones are based on publicly available reported crime data from 2006 to 2019. These analyses examine reported crime at various levels: city-wide, within eight neighborhoods, and within a 450-meter radius of the new transit stations. Monthly reported reclassified crimes increased city-wide by approximately 15% after enactment of Proposition 47, with a significant drop observed in late 2018. Downtown exhibited the largest overall surge. Reported non-reclassified crimes fell overall by approximately 9%. Areas surrounding two new train stations, including Downtown, saw significant increases in reported crime after train service began. While reported reclassified crimes increased after passage of Proposition 47, non-reclassified crimes, for the most part, decreased or stayed constant, suggesting that Proposition 47 may have impacted reported crime in Santa Monica. Reported crimes decreased in late 2018 concurrent with the adoption of new community-based policing measures. Follow-up studies needed to confirm long-term trends may be challenging due to the COVID-19 pandemic that drastically changed societal conditions. While our research detects changes in reported crime, it does not provide causative explanations. Our work, along with other considerations relevant to public utility, respect for human rights, and existence of socioeconomic disparities, may be useful to law enforcement and policymakers to assess the overall effect of Proposition 47.
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Vardanyan, Akop, e Elena Foygel. "Some Aspects of the Forensic Study of an Underage Victims Personality in Crimes Against Sexual Freedom and Integrity". Russian Journal of Criminology 17, n. 3 (18 luglio 2023): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2023.17(3).263-272.
Abstract (sommario):
One of the priorities of modern criminal policy is counteracting crimes against sexual freedom and integrity of minors, which is especially relevant in view of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation announcing the Decade of Motherhood and Childhood. The authors state that the detection of such crimes is hindered by their latent character due to the victims’ fear of making their intimate life public, as well as the age-related features of juveniles and minors. The official statistical reports on the number of registered crimes against sexual freedom and integrity of minors and the number of identified underage victims mentioned in the article are alarming and testify to the necessity of developing scientifically grounded recommendations on intensifying the counteraction to such crimes. The head of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation also stresses that counteracting crimes against minors is a priority in the work of investigative bodies. The authors analyze the theoretical basis of recommendations in the works of scholars devoted both to the complex research of forensically relevant characteristics of the personality of an underage victim, and the research of its specific aspects, which helped to identify a system of personal features and conditions of the victim as a source of forensically relevant information reflected in the mechanism of the crime, and to single out investigative situations typical for the initial stage of investigating crimes against sexual freedom and integrity of minors. These investigative situations characterize the following conditions of investigating the crimes under consideration: the availability of information on the participants of the criminal event, their relationships, criminal actions, ways of concealing the crime and other measures aimed at counteracting the investigation. The analysis of the empirical basis of the research, namely, the results of studying criminal cases and statistical reports, allowed the authors to work out tactical solutions for organizing and carrying out the investigation in each of the specified investigative situations, the recommendations on establishing the psychological contact with the participants of investigative actions, as well as on dealing with organizational, procedural and operative-search problems.
39
Atish, E. "A Geographical investigation of the crimes against property in the «Araç» (Kastamonu/Turkey) district center in terms of crime geography". BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Chemistry. Geography. Ecology Series 132, n. 3 (2020): 102–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2020-132-3-102-123.
Abstract (sommario):
The different social values and cultural lives of human beings have caused the phenomenon of crime to differ between societies. The concept of crime has always been regarded as an important problem in everyday and social life that has become complicated. It is argued that in the emergence of crime, it is mostly the psychological and sociological factors that are effective. However, in addition to the various geographical features of the place where the crime occurs, the effect of the socio-economic characteristics that the people living in the particular place interact with the environment should not be overlooked either. As a matter of fact, these factors are some of the factors that impact the number and type of crime in any given place.Just as a crime occurs in a geographic location as a result of various variables, various preventive factors should come together in an attempt to reduce the number of the crime and prevent it from being committed in that place. In fact, perceiving crime as a duty of law enforcement officers and seeking solutions only in this way is a method that is not realistic. In order to prevent crime, which is a social event, many disciplines need to work together and the results of these studies should be evaluated and implemented by the decision makers.In this study, the spatial and temporal distribution of crimes against property, the general characteristics of crimes against property, the numerical and proportional distribution of crimes against property and the relationship between the geographic features affecting it and the crimes against property were investigated and revealed in the Araç District Center of the Kastamonu province within a period of three years (2016-2018). As a result of these data obtained in the study, the reasons for the crimes committed against the property in the Araç District Center, which was the area of the investigation were examined and evaluated, and based on the findings, some suggestions were made in order in an attempt to prevent the crimes and reduce their numbers.
40
Jarvis, John P., Ashley Mancik e Wendy C. Regoeczi. "Police Responses to Violent Crime". Criminal Justice Review 42, n. 1 (22 dicembre 2016): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016816684198.
Abstract (sommario):
This work advances the relatively limited literature pertaining to police clearances of serious violent crimes by comparing and contrasting the correlates of homicide clearance with clearance of nonlethal violent crimes. Using 5 years of National Incident-Based Reporting System data from 2008 to 2012 and survival models, we analyze the impact of various victim and incident characteristics on time to clearance outcomes for four offense types: homicide, aggravated assault, robbery, and sexual assault. Examining longitudinal trends of clearance rates reveals important differences across violent crime types. Results of survival models also reveal substantial variation in the effects of victim and incident characteristics on time to clearance across types of violent crime. These findings indicate that results from previous studies on homicide case outcomes are not applicable to other types of violent crimes, and police efforts to solve violent crimes differ markedly. As such, the theoretical frameworks of mobilization of law and bounded rationality explanations for variation in police responses to violent crime may be more viable than found in previous studies. However, future research will need to consider these nuances to confirm if such dynamics extend to other forms of criminal behavior.
41
Sharma, Visha, Mohammad Ishtiaque e Dimple Kumar. "Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Crimes Against Women in Uttar Pradesh (2001-2018)". National Geographical Journal of India 66, n. 4 (31 dicembre 2020): 371–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.48008/ngji.1755.
Abstract (sommario):
The crime against women is a subject of great concern globally but in the Indian context it much alarming especially in Uttar Pradesh. According to the National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) report 2018, 378277 cases of crime against women were reported in India up from 359849 in 2017 and Uttar Pradesh topped the list with 59445 cases. The present paper is an attempt to show a Spatio-temporal analysis of crimes against women in Uttar Pradesh. The analysis is based on the secondary data that was collected from the National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB)and the Census of India. The main objective of this research is to show the trend and patterns of crimes against women in the state. Correlation technique has been used to analyse the data and maps have been prepared based on the calculated results. To perform the correlation several demographic variables have been selected to understand the degree of crimes against women. The results of the research work differed for variables as some of them have a strong positive relationship while others have negative. It is to be noted that sex-ratio and literacy the variables have a strong positive correlation with the crimes in the majority of the districts of the study area.
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Habsari, Wara Aninditari Larascintya. "Internalisasi nilai pelestarian alam dan pendidikan karakter melalui representasi kejahatan lingkungan dalam sastra anak karya Okky Madasari". Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 6, n. 3 (18 giugno 2023): 625–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v6i3.692.
Abstract (sommario):
The subject of this research is Mata dan Rahasia Pulau Gapi by Okky Madasari. I adopt green cultural criminology and narrative criminology to analyze how the writer describes environmental crime phenomena in her work as a medium for internalizing the value of conservation and character education for children’s readers. This study was designed using the children's literature research method and note-taking technique. The results of this study found that the novel contains two forms of environmental crimes, namely crimes against historical sites and crimes against wildlife. I also found that the author makes the representation of the character's resistance to environmental crimes as a strong message to readers that children have a role as agents to encourage public awareness of environmental issues. In addition, moral licensing by the perpetrators of environmental crimes in this novel is the author's effort to cultivate a critical attitude in child readers.
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Yunus, Nur Rohim, Siti Romlah, Siti Nurhalimah e Latipah Nasution. "OVERVIEW OF INDONESIAN LAW AND INTERNATIONAL LAW ON TERRORISM AS AN EXTRAORDINARY CRIME". JHR (Jurnal Hukum Replik) 10, n. 1 (9 aprile 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/jhr.v10i1.5921.
Abstract (sommario):
In terms of unusual crimes, terrorism is one of the most heinous acts. One only needs to look at the crimes that have been committed across national borders to recognize how devastating they can be for the victims and their families. The research method employed in this study is a combination of the Statute Approach and the Literature Approach. Since there are a variety of criminal activities that have been branded as terrorist crimes yet their perpetrators' goals and backgrounds differ, there is no agreed-upon definition of terrorism, according to a study. As an example of a crime that has been condemned as an act of international terrorism at the national level, the WTO event of September 11, 2001, and the Bali Bombing incident of 2002 come to mind. Therefore, it is imperative that all parties, including legal professionals, agree on the limitations of terrorism, as well as work together to prevent this unique crime from occurring.Keywords: Terrorism; National Law; International law; Extraordinary Crime
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Rayati, Dewi, Firdaus Firdaus e Danial Danial. "LEGAL EFFORTS FOR A RULING OF PERMANENT LEGAL FORCE THAT CANNOT BE EXCECUTED". JHR (Jurnal Hukum Replik) 10, n. 1 (9 aprile 2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/jhr.v10i1.5689.
Abstract (sommario):
In terms of unusual crimes, terrorism is one of the most heinous acts. One only needs to look at the crimes that have been committed across national borders to recognize how devastating they can be for the victims and their families. The research method employed in this study is a combination of the Statute Approach and the Literature Approach. Since there are a variety of criminal activities that have been branded as terrorist crimes yet their perpetrators' goals and backgrounds differ, there is no agreed-upon definition of terrorism, according to a study. As an example of a crime that has been condemned as an act of international terrorism at the national level, the WTO event of September 11, 2001, and the Bali Bombing incident of 2002 come to mind. Therefore, it is imperative that all parties, including legal professionals, agree on the limitations of terrorism, as well as work together to prevent this unique crime from occurring.Keywords: Terrorism; National Law; International law; Extraordinary Crime
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Lapkin, Andrii. "The Role of the Prosecutor's Office in Crime Counteraction Under the Legislation of Ukraine". Russian Journal of Criminology 14, n. 2 (30 aprile 2020): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2020.14(2).327-337.
Abstract (sommario):
The effectiveness of crime counteraction in modern conditions greatly depends on the functioning of the corresponding institutional mechanism, where the prosecutors office has an important part. Using the analysis of international documents and the experience of a number of countries, the author shows that the common international standard for the function of the prosecutors office in the criminal law sphere is to give it a priority role in suppressing crime, and to define this role in a more or less broad way at the national level. The author researches the Ukrainian model of the functions performed by the prosecutors office where this body is mainly involved in criminal proceedings, which makes it possible to identify crime counteraction as the key task of the prosecutors office. The author also examines the progress and the result of the prosecutors office reforms in Ukraine in view of the changes in the functions of this body in the sphere of crime counteraction. The functions of the prosecutors office are analyzed from the standpoint of their importance for suppressing crime based on the research of legislation, analytical and statistical data. The author shows that the key tasks (directions) of crime counteraction (identifying and eliminating the causes and conditions for committing crimes; identifying, suppressing and investigating crimes; prosecution of perpetrators; compensation of damage inflicted by crimes) fully correlate with the functions of the Ukrainian prosecutors office. The function of procedural supervision of the pre-trial investigation allows the prosecutors office to influence the identification, suppression and investigation of crimes; the function of the support of public prosecution in court makes it possible to criminally prosecute persons guilty of crimes; the function of representation allows the prosecutors office to compensate the state for the damage inflicted by crimes. Special attention is paid to the prosecutors coordination of the work of law enforcement bodies on counteracting corruption. Although it has lost its status as a separate function of the prosecutors office under Ukrainian legislation, it still has key importance for the work of different law enforcement bodies aimed at suppressing crimes in their different forms. The author conducts a comparative legal study of the regulation of coordination activities of the prosecutors office in Ukraine and in other countries, as well as the prospects of establishing the European Prosecutors Office; based on this study, the author concludes that the definition of the prosecutors office as the coordination center of the system of criminal justice aimed at counteracting corruption is a widely recognized global trend. The author also presents suggestions on improving the effectiveness of the coordination activities of the prosecutors office and of its other functions aimed at counteracting crimes.
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Ciek Julyati Hisyam, Elin Nur Fadila, Ersa Novia, Farhan Pria Syawaldi, Naia Regitha e Rini Febriyani. "Analisis Kejahatan Korupsi Ditinjau Dari Kejahatan Terorganisir". ALADALAH: Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum dan Humaniora 2, n. 1 (5 dicembre 2023): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.59246/aladalah.v2i1.610.
Abstract (sommario):
Corruption crimes are crimes committed jointly between several people or groups of people committed in a government or private institution. The purpose of the research is to explain the crime of corruption in terms of organized crime. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach conducted in women's prisons using informants and key informants located in women's prisons. Data collection techniques were carried out by in-depth interviews with informants and key informants. The results of the study state that the corruption crime committed by the informant is an act of organized crime because a person agrees to the request of his superior who wants to work together in a company to engage in illegal activities at the national level with the aim of making a profit.
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Myroshnychenko, Nataliia, Dmytro Baranenko, Alina Murzanovska, Zoriana Dilna e Susanna Suleimanova. "Crimes against humanity in the conditions of military conflicts of the 21st Century: The practice of international courts". Revista Amazonia Investiga 11, n. 54 (30 agosto 2022): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2022.54.06.1.
Abstract (sommario):
Despite the existence of norms of international public law regulating the conduct of war, during military conflicts, states completely ignore the established rules of war and go beyond common sense, committing crimes against humanity, organizing terrorist acts, and other illegal acts. In conditions where violations of the norms and rules of hostilities become a trend, it is important to investigate how international humanitarian law regulates armed conflicts, as well as the practice of international courts regarding the consideration of cases of crimes against humanity in the context of military conflicts of the 21st century. The purpose of the work is to study the practice of international judicial authorities in the investigation of crimes against humanity in the context of military conflicts of the 21st century. The research methodology consists of such methods as historical-legal, system analysis method, logical-semantic method, methods of documentary analysis, critical evaluation, and comparison. As a result of the conducted research, the peculiarities of consideration of cases regarding the commission of crimes against humanity in the conditions of military conflicts of the XXI century by international judicial bodies were considered. Thus, the concept of crime against humanity, and war crime were formed, signs of such crimes were identified, and proposals were formed to improve international legislation in terms of regulating international crimes and ways to increase the effectiveness of activities to prosecute those guilty of war crimes.
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Slobodenyuk, M. A. "Special Prevention of the Violent Crimes Committed by Minors and Youth on the National Hatred Grounds". Juridical Science and Practice 15, n. 3 (2019): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2542-0410-2019-15-3-92-99.
Abstract (sommario):
The problem of special prevention of the violent crimes committed by minors and youth on the national hatred grounds is considered in article. Law enforcement agencies have a special role in the solution of the matter because they carry out the large quantities of work on special prevention of crimes committed by minors and youth. Acquisition of sociocultural skills by minors and youth directed to elimination of long term habits and stereotypes of antisocial behavior among youth is one of the most perspective measures of prevention the violent crimes committed by minors and youth on the national hatred grounds. The author pays attention to necessity of the earlier bringing legal information to minors, taking into account features of group dynamics. Modern information technologies (for example, the complex automated information-analytical system “Safe City”, which allows ensuring safety on city streets) are also more effective in preventing crime among minors and youth than traditional methods of preventing teenage and youth crime, as these categories most often commit violent crimes in the streets.
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Meretukov, Gaisa Mosovich, Aleksander Aleksandrovich Tushev e Aleksander Yuryevich Korchagin. "Establishing the circumstances to be proven during verification of tax crime reports". SHS Web of Conferences 118 (2021): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111803005.
Abstract (sommario):
The primary purpose of this scientific work is to study the specifics of initiating criminal cases on crimes under Articles 198, 199, 199.1, 199.2, 199.3, and 199.4 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation following current legislation. Using methods of analysis of legislation, published scientific works on the subject, legal comparison, study of practical activities of investigation bodies, the article developed scientific provisions and practical recommendations, which can be used in criminalistics and the activities of investigation bodies. In accordance with subparagraph “a” of paragraph 1 of part 1 of Article 151 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, these crimes are investigated by investigators of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation. The reasons for initiating a criminal case can be both reports from the inquiry and the tax authorities (Part 7-9 of Article 144 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). Another result of the work considered the joint activities of these bodies to establish the event and traces of the crime during the verification of tax crime reports and the conclusions obtained during the analysis of the applied forensic methods and means during such verification. The novelty of the work lies in the definition of the circumstances included in the subject of proof, which can be established in deciding the issue of initiation of criminal proceedings for this category of crimes. It also substantiates the problems that arise during the verification of messages. The results and novelty of the study will allow optimizing the activities of the bodies of preliminary investigation and inquiry.
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Li, Gang, e Yong Wen. "Research on the Detection Countermeasures of Telecommunication Network Fraud Based on Big Data for Killing Pigs and Plates". Journal of Robotics 2022 (7 marzo 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4761230.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper uses big data analysis to conduct in-depth analysis and research on the investigation countermeasures of the pig-killing dish telecommunication network fraud. This paper takes the case of “piggy bank” as a perspective, starting from analyzing the concept and characteristics of “piggy bank” type network fraud, analyzing the current phenomenon of this type of network fraud crime, and analyzing the current situation of the relevant laws, to explore the judicial situation regarding this type of network fraud crime, and to explore the problems and dilemmas in the judicial determination of such network fraud crimes, the determination of evidence, the determination of principal and accessory in joint crimes, the determination of crime amount, the determination of attempt and attempt form, and the determination of related crimes. Based on the analysis of the problems, the judicial determination process of “piggyback” network fraud is improved in terms of perfecting the evidence determination process, combining the facts of the whole case to determine the joint crime, accurately characterizing the associated criminal acts, regulating the judicial determination rules of the crime amount, and strictly applying the criteria of the circumstances of attempt and completion. This paper explores the forward shift of investigation work, anticipating telecommunication network fraud crimes in advance or the middle of the matter through active investigation, taking technical countermeasures, especially early warning and dissuasion to avoid the occurrence of telecommunication network fraud crimes, and reversing the unfavorable situation of passive investigation in the past. Finally, it focuses on the strategy and innovation points of the use of network investigation methods in telecom fraud crimes and proposes the investigation method of tracing the money chain and information chain along the line and cross-complementing the two lines at the same time according to the characteristics contained in telecom fraud crimes, relying on multiple groups such as public security, hackers, and network volunteers to jointly combat in a variety of network environments.