Tesi: "Women soldiers – crimes against"

1

Ngachi, Sarah Mutseo. "Recruitment and use of juvenile pirates as crimes against humanity". University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7086.

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Magister Legum - LLM
Piracy attacks off the coast of the Horn of Africa have been on the rise in the recent years. According to a report by Ocean without Borders, although no vessels were hijacked by pirates off the coast of Somalia in 2017, 8 seafarers who were captured in 2016 were still being held in captivity. So far, 545 seafarers have been subjected to piracy attacks.1 The west coast of Africa has also experienced its fair share of piracy attacks. There has been an increase in piracy attacks off the coast of West Africa, two thirds of these attacks occurred off the coast of Nigeria.2The law governing maritime piracy is founded in the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea (UNCLOS).3Article 101 of the Convention defines piracy as; (a) any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, committed for private ends by the crew or the passengers of a private ship or a private aircraft, and directed: i. on the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or property on board such ship or aircraft; ii. against a ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any State; (b) any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of facts making it a pirate ship or aircraft; (c) any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described in subparagraph (a) or (b). In addition to the UNCLOS, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful acts of Violence against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (herein after referred to as SUA Convention) also criminalises acts related to maritime piracy but which hinder the safe navigation of ships.4 The determining factor for crimes under the SUA Convention is whether the offence is a threat to the safe navigation or is likely to endanger the safe navigation of ships.5 The SUA Convention, however, differs from the UNCLOS in several aspects. First, the Convention does not require that the offence be committed for private ends. Second, the two ships requirement under Article 101 (a) of the UNCLOS is not applicable in the SUA Convention. The offences created in Article 3 of the SUA Convention imply that they may be committed by a perpetrator who is in the same ship with the victim. The SUA Convention does not provide for application of the principle of universal jurisdiction, a State can only exercise jurisdiction over the crimes if it is a party to it.6 Both the SUA Convention7 and the UNCLOS8 provide that the offence must be committed outside a State’s territorial waters. Article 4 of the SUA Convention however further limits the application of the Convention. The Convention does not apply to instances where the ship was not scheduled to navigate out of the territorial waters of the State. This limitation is not applicable under the UNCLOS.

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2

Lee, Pik-kuen Anne, e 李碧娟. "Sexual violence against women in Hong Kong: socio-structural & cultural perspective". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977716.

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3

Lee, Pik-kuen Anne. "Sexual violence against women in Hong Kong : socio-structural & cultural perspective /". [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14764003.

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4

Faleni, Mzukisi Welcome. "Hagar: case study of abuse of women". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1551_1254303991.

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According to modern standards, the narratives about Hagar in Genesis 16 and 21 are stories of abuse, as many feminist commentators have pointed out. Some of them, however, argue that the narrator condones what happened to Hagar, seeing it as perfectly normal. This thesis aims to investigate whether and how Hagar was abused according to the narrator of Genesis 16 and 21: 8-21.

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5

O'Shea, Sharon. "Female Sexual Victimization: Psychosocial Consequences". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500451/.

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This archival and qualitative research adds insight into the psychosocial consequences females of sexual victimization incur. Sexual abuse is a pervasive, complex societal problem experienced by 30%-46% of American females. The psychosocial consequences are numerous, often severe, and can result in death. They include: anxiety, BPD, denial, dependence, despair, eating disorders, destructive relationships, fear, guilt, hallucinations, helplessness, hopelessness, hysteria, insecurity, isolation, MPD, nightmares, numbness, passivity, pessimism, phobias, PTSD, rage, self-loathing, sexual dysfunctions, shame, shock, sleeping disorders, stigmatization, stress-related disorders, substance abuse, and suicide. The severity of psychosocial consequences to female victims varies greatly depending upon the degree, duration, and emotion surrounding the abuse, the victim's health, and the health of the victim's social network. In conclusion, strategies suggested in the literature to combat female sexual victimization are outlined.

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6

Chiu, Yi-Ning. "Patterns in Unsolved Sexual Offences Against Women by Strangers". Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366582.

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Offending patterns in stranger sexual offences against women were analysed to identify crime scripts, and the predictive factors and contexts involved in unsolved cases. The aim of the study was to explore what patterns could be found in sexual offences against women for unsolved offences. Crime script analysis, hierarchical logistic regression and conjunctive analysis were used to analyse data from 542 cases from the Violent/ Sexual Crime Database (VSCD) based on police data. The sample was limited to sexual offences against women (16 years or above) by male stranger offenders, in a hands-on sexual offence in Queensland, Australia. An overall crime script was extracted, as well as script tracks for solved and unsolved cases. Differences were found in the location/ setting, offender approach method and offender-victim interaction stages. Several variables were found to be statistically significant in predicting whether a crime was solved or not: offender consumption of alcohol or drugs prior to the offence, vehicle used, bystander presence at any location, minimal offender force used, and if the victim was attacked while walking at the time of initial contact with the offender. After controlling for the presence of forensic evidence and case linkages within the sample, the two strongest predictors were offender use of minimal force and offender prior use of alcohol or drugs. Overall two themes emerged from the findings that impacted whether a case became solved or unsolved: criminal effectiveness and the level of personal engagement between the offender and victim. The concept of the travelling victim was also identified in relation to unsolved crimes. Prevention implications are discussed.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Arts, Education and Law
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7

Makota, Gillian. "Narratives of women victims of GBV-POWA Johannesburg women's writing project, 2008-2013". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6432.

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Gender-based Violence (GBV) has emerged as a major issue on the international human rights agenda and a major public health challenge throughout the world. A large proportion of the violence committed against women is perpetrated by their intimate partners. According to the World Health Organization’s Multi-country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence, it is estimated that approximately 10% to 60% of married women have experienced physical intimate-partner violence during their lifetimes (Garcia-Moreno, Jansen, Ellsberg, Heise and Watts, 2006). Once the extent of GBV in South Africa was realised interventions were put in place to address the issue and the Domestic Violence Act No 116 of 1998 (DVA) was instituted by the South African government, aimed at protecting and combating violence against women. The notion of ending GBV was also acknowledged by the late former South African president, Nelson Mandela (Nelson Mandela’s first State of the Nation Address in Parliament in Cape Town, South Africa, 24 May 1994) said: “Freedom cannot be achieved unless the women have been emancipated from all forms of oppression." (www.ehow.com, first accessed 9 August, 2013). People Opposing Woman Abuse (POWA), a Johannesburg-based non-governmental organization (NGO), initiated interventions to address GBV. POWA offers services to women in South Africa (SA) who have experienced domestic violence, sexual harassment or rape and other forms of violence, by aiming to creating a safe society where women are powerful, self –reliant and respected. Driven by the need to create a collective space through which women could share their stories of surviving GBV, POWA established the Women’s Writing Project (WPP) in 2005. The project publishes annual anthologies with specific themes for a particular year, giving women survivors a platform and opportunity to tell their stories as an important part of the healing process. Though the first anthology was published in 2005, this thesis only provides an analysis of the POWA WWP anthologies from 2008-2013. The notion that narratives can be used as therapeutic tools had prompted the researcher to use existing narratives as a basis to investigate GBV. The study is a qualitative, interpretive study, using content analysis as a method and working within the framework of the Ecological model (1999:18) which talks about the multi-faceted nature of GBV. A total of 65 English narratives, 13 per anthology, by survivors of GBV were used and common themes that emerged were identified to obtain accounts of these selected women’s perceptions, experiences and articulations on GBV. Informed by a theoretical framework consisting of Heise, Ellsberg and Gottemoeller’s Ecological model (1999:18), the USAID GBV Life cycle model (2009:15) and the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) GBV health effects document (2005:23), the researcher extracted the main overarching themes which emerged from the women’s narratives. Drawing on the study’s content analysis methodology and the subsequent emerging main narrative themes, the researcher could draw certain conclusions about general similarities in the experiences and perceptions about GBV of the women who participated in POWA’s Johannesburg-based five-year Women’s Writing Project (2008-2013). The most salient of these conclusions are that the following issues are major factors contributing to GBV in the specific sample group, and by assumption also among the larger population that it represents: alcohol abuse and the absence of mother figures. Conclusions about the effects of GBV include that most women suffer from psychological health effects due to GBV experiences. Based on the selected narratives in this study the researcher could conclude that self-narrative storytelling and the recounting of traumatic experiences had therapeutic potential in the treatment and recovery of survivors of GBV. Many of the narrators said that structured self-narration and the publication of their stories had helped to construct a recovery support system not only for themselves but also for those who are possibly still suffering from the consequences of violence. In this way survivors of GBV can therapeutically construct new identities for themselves, which transcend their abuse and thereby actively participate in the construction of meaning in their lives.

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8

Thatsaphone, Songbandith Penchan Pradubmook-Sherer. "Sexual violence against service women in Vientiane capital of Lao PDR /". Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd388/4737922.pdf.

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9

Aziz, Hanan Pehin. "Domestic and sexual violence against women from the Islamic perspective : focus on Brunei Darussalam". Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683019.

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10

Bento, Gustavo Leoplodo. "The difference between bystander normative judgments and intentions to intervene in male on female physical violence". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3144.

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11

O'Brien, Melanie. "National and international criminal jurisdiction over United Nations peacekeeping personnel for gender-based crimes against women". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11492/.

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This thesis seeks to determine the most effective jurisdiction for criminal accountability for UN peacekeeping personnel who engage in sexual exploitation and abuse of women, and other conduct amounting to violence against women. As criminalisation is sought as the appropriate method of prevention and punishment of such conduct, it is first examined why criminalisation is necessary. The impact of sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) on women in the territories in which peace operations are located is detailed as harms in the form of violations of the rights of these women. Alternatives to criminal sanctions are then considered, in particular the actions of the UN towards prevention and prohibition of SEA. While such regulations are necessary, they are ultimately inadequate in preventing and punishing SEA. Included is an assessment of the Draft Convention on Criminal Accountability of UN Officials and Experts on Mission, the adoption of which would support criminalisation. However, the UN itself is unable to exercise criminal jurisdiction, and thus it is essential to examine which jurisdictions would be most effective in undertaking criminal prosecution of peacekeeping personnel. The choice between national jurisdictions and international criminal justice is debated. Which jurisdiction offers a more effectual forum for ensuring accountability? What potential impediments exist and how can such hindrances can be overcome? This thesis argues that gender-based crimes by UN peacekeepers should be criminalised, and that, while the International Criminal Court should not be discounted as a potential forum for prosecuting perpetrators, domestic prosecutions are far more likely and far more effective.

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12

Avzalchoeva, Zouhal. "'Nobody beats an obedient woman' : state and non-state responses to violence against women in Tajikistan". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/41692/.

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This study explores the issues of subordination of women in Tajikistan through studying the phenomenon of violence against women. This study presents a socio-legal analysis of the responses of state and non-state institutions and how the justice system works for women, this study engaged in the feminist discourse on women's individual experiences of violence, the ‘woman question' in public and private, the construction of law and its effect on women and their subordinate position and how the laws and the legal and executive mechanisms construct the culture of inferiority of women in society. It employed qualitative methods of data collections, such as interviewing and participant observation along with a questionnaire. It draws on theoretical studies and the empirical work conducted in Tajikistan to present its findings. Theoretical input allows drawing on explanations and experiences provided in studies of VAW in other societies and empirical input allows placing them within the context of Tajikistan. This gives an opportunity to explore the interplay between hierarchical and structural basis of gender relations and women's individual experiences of violence. This study explores the power of societal norms and values pertaining women's subordination and male domination on individuals' perceptions of VAW and their responses to it. It analyses the socio-economic and legal context in Tajikistan and its influence on women's daily lives. This context also determines the choices women victims of violence are given and impacts women's decisions whether or not to seek solutions. The study establishes that the focus on increasing awareness of legal rights, or introducing new laws and making changes in the law, cannot in themselves provide women with long-awaited responses to the violence they experience. Changing the law, introducing well-developed law would be significant step forward but has to be accompanied by measures to bring a fundamental shift in attitudes. This study emphasises that the responses should encompass a number of initiatives and presents some examples of these.

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13

Setiawan, Dorita. "Islamic feminist community organizing for combatting violence against women : a case study of Rifka Annisa, Women Crisis Center, Yogyakarta, Indonesia". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83160.

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This thesis focuses on an Islamic feminist community organization, and its activities in combating violence against women. The case example discussed in this study is the Rifka Annisa Women's Crisis Center (WCC Rifka Annisa) located in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. By examining the environment and the issues that WCC Rifka Annisa faces, broader thematic concerns can be applied to Indonesian society in general. This study reviews western feminist and community organizing approaches, and examines them in light of the specific religious, cultural, economic and political context in Indonesia. A blend of Islamic feminim and community organizing approaches has emerged in Indonesia. Data collection for this study was based on interviews and direct observations. Exploring this perspective will contribute to the knowledge, practice and values of social work generally, and development work in similar contexts in particular.

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14

MARQUES, DEBORA. "NARRATIVE ENGAGEMENT AND GUILT MITIGATION IN POLICE INTERVIEWS AT A POLICE STATION SPECIALIZED IN CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25327@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Nesta tese, analisamos a mitigação da culpa coconstruída, discursiva e interacionalmente, por inspetores de polícia, suspeitos e vítimas em interrogatórios policiais de uma Delegacia da Mulher. Para isso, ancoramo-nos na Análise de Narrativa e nos pressupostos da Linguística Aplicada contemporânea, de perspectiva construcionista da pesquisa qualitativa. Em nossas análises, olhamos, mais focalmente, para as performances narrativo-identitárias que emergem no trabalho interacional de tentativa de mitigação da culpa frente aos crimes em análise nos interrogatórios. Nesse cenário, mostramos como o engajamento narrativo assume um papel essencial e constitutivo nesse tipo de interação institucional-legal. Analiticamente, lançamos mão de elementos do modelo narrativo laboviano – destacando dele a avaliação (sobretudo o discurso reportado) e a ação complicadora. Esse modelo mostra-se como uma ferramenta producente para entender como as histórias são coconstruídas por suspeitos e por vítimas e como elas configuram-se como um meio discursivo-interacional para tentar mitigar agência e responsabilidade a fim de buscar mitigar a culpa: suspeitos buscam distanciar-se, interacional e discursivamente, da confissão do crime em investigação na Delegacia, vitimizando-se ao responsabilizarem suas esposas/vítimas pela agressão e vítimas, por sua vez, buscam distanciar-se dessa responsabilidade atribuída a elas nas histórias que seus companheiros/suspeitos contam. Nessa mesma perspectiva, nossas análises mostram como o engajamento narrativo dos participantes ocorre como accounts (explicação), já que suspeitos e vítimas usam, interacionalmente, as histórias que contam como uma forma para tentar justificar e prestar contas de suas ações (essas histórias são chamadas, nesta tese, de narrativas-accounts). Dessa forma, mostramos que é contando histórias, avaliando ações e personagens sob sua própria ótica, que narradores – suspeitos e vítimas – constroem confissões e depoimentos, que são tomados como fatos no ambiente jurídico. Ainda, relacionamos construções identitárias, o trabalho confessional e o tipo de atividade em curso, posto que a culpa e a responsabilidade perante crimes são coconstruídas na interação negociada entre os participantes. Face ao exposto, destacamos que entender melhor como a agência e a responsabilidade são mitigadas, discursivamente, pode contribuir para a atuação dos agentes da lei, sobretudo, daqueles que participam de contextos investigativos.
In this thesis, we analyze the mitigation of guilt, discursively and interactionally co-constructed by police officers, suspects and victims in police interrogations that took place in a police station specializing in crimes against women. To this end, we adopt Narrative Analysis and contemporary Applied Linguistics constructionist perspective for qualitative research. In our analyses, we focus on the narrative, identity performances that emerge in the interactional work involved in attempting to mitigate guilt related to the crimes analyzed during interrogations. In this scenario, we show how narrative engagement plays an essential and constitutive role in this type of institutional, legal interaction. Analytically, we employ elements of Labov s narrative model – highlighting evaluations (particularly in reported speech) and complicating actions. This model shows itself to be a productive tool for understanding how stories are co-constructed by suspects and victims, and how they serve as a discursive, interactional means for attempting to mitigate agency and responsibility in order to seek to mitigate guilt. Suspects attempt to distance themselves, interactionally and discursively, from the confession of the crime being investigated in the police station, victimizing themselves by attributing responsibility for the aggressions to their wives/victims. Victims, on the other hand, seek to distance themselves from the responsibility attributed to them in the stories told by their partner/suspects. In this same perspective, our analyses show that the narrative engagement of the participants occurs as accounts (explanations), since suspects and victims use, interactionally, the stories they tell as a way of attempting to justify and account for their actions (in this thesis, these stories are called narrative accounts). Thus, we show that it is by telling stories and evaluating actions and characters in their own point of view that narrators – suspects and victims – construct confessions and testimonies, which are taken as facts in the legal environment. Moreover, we connect identity constructions, confessional work and the type of activity in progress, given that guilt and responsibility for crimes are co-constructed and negotiated in participants interactions. In view of the above, we emphasize that a better understanding of how agency and responsibility are mitigated discursively can contribute to the work of law enforcement officers, especially those who participate in investigative contexts.

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15

Briggs, Melissa L. "Measuring the benefits of safety awareness and violence prevention techniques for mentally ill women living in the community". Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1045627.

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Research shows that women are at higher risk for being victimized simply because of their gender. Women with mental illness living independently are especially vulnerable, since they underreport victimization and underutilize available resources. This study evaluated the benefits of educating women with mental illness about safety and violence. Twenty women utilizing outpatient services at two community mental health centers participated in one of two 12-week groups: 15 received an educational curriculum and 5 a control condition. Outcomes were assessed using pretest and posttest measures of quality of daily life, self-esteem and perceived control over life events, awareness of available resources to them as women, awareness of violence, attitudes about safety, and confidence in abilities to protect themselves. The greatest improvement was in the curriculum women's awareness of resources. Intra-group variability, a small sample size, and other unexpected complications precluded a definitive evaluation of the curriculum, but overall results suggest further research in this area would be beneficial.
Department of Psychological Science

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16

Finley, Briana Noelle. "The Destruction of a Society: A Qualitative Examination of the Use of Rape as a Military Tool". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4665/.

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This thesis explores the conditions under which mass rapes are more likely to be incorporated into the strategy of military or paramilitary groups during periods of conflict. I examine three societies, Rwanda , the former Yugoslavia , and Cambodia in a comparative analysis. To determine what characteristics make societies more likely to engage in rape as a military tool, I look at the status of women in the society, the religious cultures, the degree of female integration into the military institutions, the cause of the conflicts, the history of the conflict, and finally, the status of minority ethnic groups in each of these societies.

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17

Rosenberg, Sharon M. "Rupturing the skin of memory, bearing witness to the 1989 massacre of women in Montreal". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ28047.pdf.

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18

Wilcox, Joseph Morgan. "Trafficking in women: International sex services". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2754.

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This research looks to identify precursors to women becoming involved in trafficking for prostitution and/or sexual services in the United States. The failure to find patterns or trends regarding why women are trafficked or what types of women are trafficked most often, helps dispel some myths regarding the stereotypical victim of trafficking.

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19

Kaul, Sharika. "Sexual Violence Against Women in India: The Role of Public Policy and Social Media in the Persistence of Sexually Violent Crimes". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/739.

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Following the 2012 gang-rape of a 23-year-old paramedic student in New Delhi, India's rape culture received unprecedented global attention. The Central Government sought to reduce the incidence of sexually violent crimes against Indian women by implementing policy changes. However, crimes against women and reported rapes have continued to rise. This paper seeks to explain the persistence of sexually violent crimes in India by arguing that contemporary public policies and the dominating presence of men's rights organizations on social media platforms have reproduced rapability in unique and dangerous ways.

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20

Hickman, Laura J. "An Assessment of the Impact of Intimate Victim-Offender Relationship on Sentencing in Serious Assault Cases". PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5059.

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It is generally agreed that a criminal justice system reflects the values of the society within which it exists. The presence of patriarchal social values will likely affect the response of the criminal justice system to intimate violence. While the perpetration of violence against another is a violation of an important social norm, patriarchal values may function to discount the seriousness of such an act, if the violence is perpetrated by a man against his girlfriend or wife. This discount of seriousness may lead to less severe punishment for men who assault their intimates than to men who assault nonintimates. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that men who are convicted of committing serious assaults against female intimates receive more lenient punishment than men who are convicted of committing serious assault against nonintimates. Punishment was defined as sentencing outcomes, i. e. type and length of sentence. The sentences of offenders convicted of felony assaults as the major offense and subject to sentencing guidelines in Oregon in 1993 were examined. Chi-square tests were used to compare the sentence types of intimate and nonintimate violence offenders. Two-tailed !-tests and multiple linear regression were used to examine the relationship between victim-offender relationship and length of sentence. It appears that the presence of Oregon's sentencing guidelines, rather than victim-offender relationship, had the greatest effect upon the severity of punishment. This finding suggests that the guidelines may be responsible for minimizing the impact of patriarchal values on sentencing decisions in serious assault cases.

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21

Kulisa, Judy. "Killing ostriches: Young women, family violence and youth work". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1534.

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Abstract (sommario):

Using a phenomenological approach, this study, "Killing Ostriches" sought to investigate the experience of violence in the home of a small group of young women living in the northern suburbs of Perth. Seven young women between the ages of 17-26 took part in the study. Five of these young women claimed to have experienced violence in their family of origin and the: remaining two, introduced for triangulation purposes, claimed not to have done so. The study sought, not only to explore the lived experience of violence in the home for these young women, but to also investigate their experience of youth work practice. Accounts of family violence provided indicate the significance and meaning of family violence for participants. What the study was not able to do is to provide accounts of aspects of youth work practice perceived as beneficial or detrimental by the young women involved in the study as none of them were aware of the availability of youth workers. They were unaware of other supports available to them and were also scared that if anyone found out, their situation would become intolerable. Each of these women chose not to disclose to anyone outside their immediate environment. For some of these young women I was the first person to whom they had disclosed much of their story. The study provides a better understanding of why it is that young women who have experienced violence in their family of origin do not disclose to others who might be in a position to support them and possibly stop the violence. The young women in this study were isolated from their peers and any support mechanisms that might have been available to them. The study, therefore, provides further insight into why it is that young women living in a violent environment choose to remain silent thereby maintaining the isolation associated with family violence. What is clear is that young women who have experienced violence, no matter what form that violence might have taken or where it is placed on the continuum of violence, have a need to discuss their experience with an individual they feel confident will support them according to their needs. What is also clear is that these particular young women were not aware of anyone who might fill this role. The literature shows the importance of identifying at least one attachment figure as early as possible in life, with whom a secure attachment may be developed. The women in this study have greater awareness of the issues involved in family violence than do many youth workers and other professionals to whom they might realistically go for help. What this study has shown is that there is need for further research based on the needs and experience of women, such as those involved in this study, to effectively answer the original research subquestion relating to youth work practice. It also suggests that youth work practioners should be involved in such research.

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22

Hendricks, Melany L. "The psychodynamic implications of battering : a review of empirical research". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52559.

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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This paper aims to provide an understanding of the psychodynamic implications of battering on the victims of this form of abuse. Three dominant approaches to trauma (one descriptive, one explanatory and one phenomenological) are briefly discussed. Available empirical data is then explored to ascertain whether the empirical research correspond to these dominant theories. The research indicates that the theories all highlight different aspects of battering and all have important implications for treatment.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie werkstuk poog om die psigodinamiese implikasies van vroue mishandeling te verstaan. Drie dominante modelle van hierdie vorm van trauma (een beskrywend, een verduidelikend, en een fenomonologies) word kortliks bespreek. Beskikbare empiriese navorsing word ge-eksploreer om vas te stelof die navorsing ooreenstem met hierdie dominante modelle. Die navoring dui daarop dat al hierdie modelle verskillende aspekte van vroue mishandeling uitlig, en dat al hierdie modelle beduidende implikasies het vir behandeling.

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23

Marsicano, Ana Carolina de Oliveira. "Histórias de vida, histórias de morte: o protagonismo feminino nos crimes contra a vida". Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4081.

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O ato violento, principalmente no que diz respeito ao homicídio, é percebido pelas pessoas como um ato imprevisível e de difícil compreensão, consistindo o mesmo como uma “fatalidade”, não como um fenômeno social estável e psicologicamente determinado, cognoscível e controlável. Assim, no que diz respeito às modalidades violentas de crimes, os estudos permanecem em sua grande maioria no campo da psicanálise e da biologia, reportando a explicações como a passionalidade e a psicopatia, aproximando de uma perspectiva positivista e limitada. Compreendo, portanto, o crime como criação, ato cheio de significados e sentidos, o presente trabalho aborda estudos que tratam sobre a mulher que tenha praticado homicídio. Ao estudar o crime, principalmente dentro de uma perspectiva tão pouco explorada como trajetórias de vida de mulheres que cometeram assassinato, necessário se faz extrair os estados intencionais dessas mulheres as motivações e razões desses atores e de seu mundo simbólico, fornecido pelo contexto cultural o qual nos é retratado. Partindo do entendimento do crime como um fenômeno socialmente construído, dentro de um processo histórico pontuado por circunstâncias de gênero, analisei a trajetória de vida de mulheres presas e sentenciadas pelo cometimento de homicídio. Com base nos discursos das entrevistadas, procurei, em sua globalidade, responder a duas questões principais, que são os significados que as mulheres constroem sobre o crime e sobre o processo de reclusão em suas vidas, e a segunda que diz respeito aos processos de violência associados às determinantes sociais de gênero, tanto no âmbito extra muros, quanto no âmbito intra muros. Dessa forma, procurei contribuir para o processo de resgate da voz da mulher encarcerada para os estudos do crime, demonstrando a necessidade de apresentarmos uma face dessas mulheres via de regra ocultas por estigmas, desmistificando estereótipos e revelando suas histórias para além do crime.
The violent acts, particularly with regard to murderperpetrated by women, are generally perceived by people as an unpredictable and difficult act to understand, figuring as a "fatality" rather than a stable social phenomenon, psychologically determined, knowable and controllable. Thus, studies that relate to violent forms of crimes remain mostly in the field of psychoanalysis and biology, referring to explanations as passionate crimes or due to a psychopathy, approaching a positivist and limited perspective. We understand such crime as a creation, an act full of meanings and senses, therefore this work focus on murders whose perpetrators are women. By studying crime, especially in a perspective as little explored as the life trajectories of those ‘guilt’ women, it is necessary that we stratify the intentional states of these women, their motivations and reasons, and their symbolic world provided by the cultural context from which they belong. Setting off from the crime as a socially constructed phenomenon placed within a historical process punctuated by gender circumstances, this paper considers the life trajectories of the female prisoners sentenced for murder. Based on the speeches of the interviewees, we sought at best to answer two main questions, (1) Which are meanings the women build from the perpetrated crime and the incarceration process in their lives, and (2) Which are the processes of violence associated with gender social determinants both intra and extramuros. Thus, we tried to contribute to the recovery process of the voice of the incarcerated women for studies of crime, demonstrating the need to introduce a face to these women, in general hidden by stigmas, demystifying stereotypes and revealing their stories beyond the crime.

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24

Kane, Emma. ""I Just Signed Your Death Warrant": A Content Analysis of News Media Coverage of Violent Crimes Against Women in the #MeToo Era". Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109157.

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Thesis advisor: Alyssa Goldman
This study analyzes the narratives that emerged in the news media’s coverage of violent crimes against women during the #MeToo Movement. Additionally, it seeks to uncover if and how news media crime coverage differed based on the race of defendants. I conduct a content analysis of the news media coverage of the criminal cases State of Michigan v. Lawrence Gerard Nassar and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. William Henry Cosby, Jr. during the #MeToo Movement. I find that news media coverage of violent crimes against women typically exhibits an inverse relationship in which supportive portrayals of victims predict unsupportive portrayals of defendants, and vice versa. I also find some evidence to suggest that Black male defendants receive more lenient news media coverage than white male defendants. The results of this study demonstrate the power of social movements in influencing criminal justice outcomes and the news media’s role in shaping public opinion on criminal cases
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Departmental Honors
Discipline: Sociology

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25

Veldtman, Sazi Livingston. "Gender discrimination in the SANDF : women as combat soldiers in the South African Army with reference to the Western Province Command". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52283.

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Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As early as the unification of South Africa in 1910 enforced discrimination in the military has been an issue that affected both race and gender. The advent of democracy in South Africa has brought fundamental changes in spheres of governance. One of these changes is the transformation of the public service of which the Department of Defence, in particular the South African National Defence Force, is part. The constitutional and judicial imperatives stipulated to the government departments to be representative of the demographic composition of the population of South Africa. The Department of Defence has provided a policy on equal opportunity and affirmative action to redress the racial and gender imbalances of the past, to protect individual and groups against unfair discrimination andto work towards achievement of employment equity. The study seeks to establish the extent and influence of gender discrimination in the South African National Defence with particular reference to the SA Army's Western Province Command. To achieve this, the attitude of the middle and top management of the WP Command towards the utilisation or employment of women in combat roles were assessed. The study also investigated whether the mentioned management does encourage women to be involved or participate in combat roles. Data was collected from respondents by means of a structured questionnaire consisting of 58 questions (plus 8 unstructured questions). The sample was drawn from the SA Army's WP Command and the focus was on middle and top management. Findings of the study indicate that the SA Army's WP Command's middle and top management supports the equality of men and women in general, but is reluctant to allow women to participate in combat roles side by side with their male counterparts. Although there seems to be an understanding and support for the policies of addressing equal opportunities, traditional cultural beliefs or stereotypes about women still shape and influence the acceptance and the non-acceptance of women in combat roles Finally, recommendations highlight issues of consideration when drafting policy vis-a-vis the utilisation of women as combat soldiers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Reeds so vroeg as Uniewording van Suid Afrika in 1910 was geforseerde diskriminasie binne die weermag 'n kwessie wat beide ras en geslag beïnvloed het. Die totstandkoming van 'n demokrasie in Suid Afrika het fundamentele veranderinge in die sfeer van Staatsbestuur te weeg gebring. Een van hierdie veranderinge het betrekking op die transformasie van die staatsdiens, waarvan die Suid Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag 'n deel is. Daar rus 'n konstitusionele en juridiese verpligting op staatsdepartmente om die demografiese samestelling van die bevolking van Suid Afrika te weerspieel. Die Department van Verdediging het 'n beleid van gelyke geleenthede en regstellende optrede ontwikkelom die rasse- en geslagsongelykhede van die verlede aan te spreek. Die beleid poog om individue en groepe teen onregverdige diskriminasie te beskerm en om billikheid in die werksomgewing te verseker. Hierdie studie poog om die omvang en invloed van geslagsdiskriminasie in die Suid- Afrikaanse Nasionale .Weermag te bepaal, met spesifieke verwysing na Kommandement Westelike Provinsie in die Suid-Afrikaanse Leer. Ten einde die omvang en invloed te bepaal is die houdings van middel- en topbestuur van Kommandement WP beoordeel met betrekking tot die aanwending of benutting van vrouens in 'n gevegsrol. Die studie poog om te bepaal of genoemde bestuurders vrouens aanmoedig om betrokke te raak by, of deel te neem in 'n gevegsrol. Data insameling het geskied deur middel van 'n gestruktureerde vraelys wat 58 vrae bevat het (Daar was ook 8 ongestruktureerde vrae ingesluit). Die steekproef is getrek uit lede van die Suid Afrikaanse Leer verbonde aan Kommandement Westelike Provinsie, met die spesifieke fokus op middel- en topbestuur. Bevindings van die studie dui daarop dat middel- en topbestuur van Kommandement Westelike Provinsie (SA Leer) oor die algemeen gelykheid tussen mans en dames ondersteun. Hulle is egter onwillig om vrouens toe te laat om sy aan sy met hul manlike eweknie in 'n gevegsrol te funksioneer. Alhoewel dit blyk dat daar begrip en steun bestaan vir die beleid wat gelyke geleenthede voorskryf, bepaal tradisionele kulturele oortuigings of stereotipes met betrekking tot vroue steeds die aanvaarding of nie-aanvaarding van vrouens in 'n gevegsrol. Die finale aanbeveling beklemtoon dat daar sekere kwessies is wat oorweging moet geniet wanneer 'n beleid ten opsigte van die benutting van vroue as soldate in 'n gevegsrol, opgestel word.

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Warden, Tara S. "The cost of dreaming : identifying the underlying social and cultural structures which push/pull victims into human traffic and commercial sexual exploitation in Central America". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/18521.

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This investigation explores the international perspectives of causality of human traffic, specifically, traffic into commercial sexual exploitation. Current Western approaches to combat trafficking centre around law and order, immigration issues, and victim protection programs. While these are important for a holistic effort to deter traffic, these foci overlook prevention endeavors, thereby acting as a band-aid on a bullet wound, addressing the symptoms, but not the foundation of trafficking. Western perspectives toward prevention concentrate on economic aspects of supply and demand while crediting the root cause to be poverty. Using social exclusion theory, this thesis demonstrates that the current paradigm of viewing human trafficking in purely economic terms is an oversimplification. This project proposes to widen the focus of prevention efforts those cultural and social structures which push and pull victims into trafficking. The research is a response to an international call for further initiatives to prevent human trafficking, the recent rise of human traffic in Guatemala, Central America and the lack of research which focuses on the social links with trafficking and mainstream society. Research conducted in Guatemala, included a thirteen-month ethnography and involved one-hundred and thirteen qualitative interviews conducted in nine Guatemalan cities strategically located along trafficking routes. The target research population included women sex workers and former traffic victims from Central America and included insights from non-governmental organizations workers. Twenty-three interviewees were Central American migrants which provided insight in the wider regional structures of traffic and commercial sexual exploitation. The interviews aimed at understanding the lived experiences of exploitation in order to determine whether social exclusion affects human traffic within commercial sexual exploitation. The findings revealed the underlying social and cultural structures which reinforce human trafficking. Empirical data collected provides real-time data on trafficking networks, commercial sexual exploitation and reveals the geo-political significance of Guatemala as a hot-spot for traffic. Analysis of interviews illustrates variations in the experience of human traffic and commercial sexual exploitation which challenges current western stereotypical ideas on traffic victims. Conceptually, macro-structures—political, economic, social, and violence—are presented as a back drop for the formation of wider networks of exploitation. The exploration of violence as a push factor challenges international forced repatriation policies. Micro-structures—gender roles, family, violence, and coping strategies—are examined in the ways they perpetuate social systems of trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation. Theoretically, the thesis argues against the current paradigm which narrowly focuses on economics, but calls for the incorporation of social exclusion theory to understand the multi-dimensionality of human traffic and its wider links to society in order to open up new dialogue for prevention between the West and the majority world.

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Nyathi, Noluvo Annagratia. "Factors that conduce towards domestic violence against rural women a case study of Sisonke District Municipality KwaZulu Natal". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/509.

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In all the Black communities, women’s rights have always been taken for granted. Women have always been subordinate to the patriarchal system. The denial of domestic violence against rural women has its origin in the age long patriarchal society, deeply rooted in culture and tradition. The main aim of the patriarchal society is the control of women by men. The idea of protecting women abuse is not really new. It is a necessary component of long established and internationally recognized human rights. This includes the right to equality and freedom, liberty and personal security. The recognition could be traced to the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 (UDHR). However, women’s rights remain unrealized and are continuously violated despite the fact that these rights are well expressed in many international documents and national laws. The study examined the factors that conduce towards domestic violence against rural women in the Kwa Zulu Natal Province of South Africa. In this regard, the reasons why they support culture and traditional practices that are detrimental to their health were also explored. The small isolated area of Umzimkhulu was used. In-depth face to face interviews were employed to elicit information from the respondents and brief notes were written down to collect the data. The findings revealed that women are not aware of their human rights. This ignorance and negative attitude is influenced by the dependency of women to men, supremacy of the patriarchal system and the dominance of culture. Most disturbing is that these women don’t seem to see anything wrong with the situation. It is evidently clear therefore that women empowerment, through education, will not only affect women’s autonomy but will also increase their worth and make them understand the impact of traditional practices that they support. All these will have implications for policy and legislative interventions.

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Labe, Dana. "Ambivalence and paradox: the battered woman's interactions with the law and other helping resources". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003127.

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This thesis explores how the battered woman attachment to her abusive partner impacts on her interactions with the legal system and non-legal resources. This qualitative research project is based on in-depth interviews conducted with seven abused women who procured interdicts in terms of the Prevention of Family Violence Act 133 of 1993 to restrain their husbands from assaulting them. The research reviews the nature of abuse suffered by the participants, their psychological attachments to their husbands, and their patterns of help-seeking in relation to the law and non-legal resources. Two main theoretical frameworks, psychoanalysis and feminism inform this study. The study found that the participants retained unrealistic hopes that their husbands would reform and become loving, caring partners, and that they treated their husbands with care and sympathy despite their husbands’ often brutal behaviour towards them. The findings suggest that the women’s behaviour towards their husbands was the product of two reality distorting psychological defences, splitting and the moral defence which they used to preserve their attachments to their abusive partners. These defences intersected with rigid patriarchal prescriptions of femininity which dictate that women should be stoically caring towards their husbands, and should hold relationships together no matter what the cost to themselves. The participants interactions with the legal system and with non-legal sources of help were structured by their reliance on splitting and the moral defence, and by the dictates of patriarchal ideology. Whilst it is undoubtedly true that at one level the participants sought help to get protection from abuse, the study shows that their help-seeking was motivated by their conflicting desires to punish and reform their husbands. The participants sought help in ways which enabled them to strike a compromise between expressing their anger at their husbands, whilst simultaneously preserving their psychological attachments to them. The study concludes that the women’s interactions with the law and with other helping resource reflect their attempts to preserve their paradoxical attachments to their husbands, and to stabilise their own fragile sense of self and gender identity.

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Borrey, Anou. "Understanding sexual violence : the case of Papua New Guinea". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8078.

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30

Van, Breda Edna Elizabeth. "Die behoefte aan ondersteuning van vroue in landelike gebiede wat by intiemepaargeweld betrokke is : 'n ekologiese perspektief". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20163.

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Thesis (M Social Work)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Intimate partner violence is world wide and in South Africa an increasing social problem that leads to life-threatening history of injuries and psychosocial problems. Intimate partner violence is a global phenomenon prevalent in all socio-economic, race, religion, cultural and geographical boundaries. Although women with a lack or low income is more at risk of intimate partner violence and this reinforces their dependency of the intimate partner violence relationship. The largest percentage of South Africa’s poor population lives in rural areas that make them more vulnerable for social problems because of their lack of adequate resources. Women in rural areas involved with intimate partner violence are physically isolated from a supportive social network and must travel far distances to gain access to formal support resources. The goal of the study is to gain an understanding of the support needs of women in rural areas that are involved in intimate partner violence from an ecological perspective. To achieve this goal, the objectives are: to explain the nature, extent and origin of intimate partner violence as a social problem; to discuss the relevance of the ecological perspective as a theoretical framework regarding the analyses of intimate partner violence; to describe the support needs of women in rural areas that is involved in intimate partner violence; to investigate the experience of women in rural areas that is involved in intimate partner violence regarding the availability of support; and to offer recommendations regarding the promotion of the support needs for women in rural areas that is expose to intimate partner violence. Combinations of a quantitative and qualitative research approach were used in the study. The study further assumed an exploratory and descriptive research design due to the lack of information on support that is available to women in rural areas that are involved in intimate partner violence. A purposive sampling method was used to select the participants. Data was gathered by means of a semi-structured questionnaire, which was administered during 20 individual interviews. This allowed for a holistic view of the participants beliefs about, or perceptions of the topic. The design of the questionnaire was based on the information obtained from the literature review. The findings of the empirical investigation mainly confirmed the findings of the literature study that those women in rural areas that are involved in intimate partner violence support needs, from multiple levels of the ecological perspective. This support entails both informal and formal support resources which vary from concrete, informational to emotional support in order to cope with stressful life situations. The most important recommendations resulting from the study indicate that social workers must use an ecological approach during service rendered to women in rural areas that are involved in intimate partner violence. This approach can be used to identify and strengthen support resources on a micro, meso, exo and macro system level. The study further indicate that social workers must collaborate with different government sectors such as health care, police and law enforcement in order to create a multi professional team that focus on the social functioning of families and the community as a entity. Social workers that render intervention services to women in rural areas that are exposed to intimate partner violence should focus on all levels of social work intervention. The recommendation emphasises the importance of women and the communities’ awareness regarding intimate partner violence to promote women independency and to promote and facilitate support groups.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Intiemepaargeweld is wêreldwyd asook in Suid-Afrika ‘n toenemende sosiale probleem wat ‘n geskiedenis van ernstige beserings en psigososiale probleme vir vroue tot gevolg het. Die universele gebeurtenisse van intiemepaargeweld vind plaas binne alle sosio-ekonomiese, ras-, geloofs-, kulturele en geografiese grense. Alhoewel vroue met gebrekkige of lae inkomste hulle ‘n groter risiko vir intiemepaargeweld maak, versterk dit ook vroue se afhanklikheid van die intiemepaargeweldverhouding. Die meerderheid van Suid-Afrika se arm populasie woon in landelike gebiede, wat hulle meer kwesbaar maak vir maatskaplike probleme weens die gebrek aan genoegsame hulpbronne. Vroue in landelike gebiede wat by intiemepaargeweld betrokke is, is fisies geïsoleerd van ‘n ondersteunende sosiale netwerk en moet ver afstande reis om toegang tot formele ondersteuningshulpbronne te kry. Die doel van hierdie studie is om met behulp van die ekologiese perspektief die behoefte aan ondersteuning van vroue wat by intiemepaargeweld betrokke is, beter te verstaan. Om hierdie doel te bereik, is die doelwitte: om die aard, omvang en oorsprong van intiemepaargeweld as ‘n maatskaplike probleem te verduidelik; om die relevansie van die ekologiese perspektief as teoretiese raamwerk vir die ontleding van intiemepaargeweld te bespreek; om die ondersteuning wat nodig is vir vroue in landelike gebiede wat by intiemepaargeweld betrokke is, te omskryf; om ondersoek in te stel na die ervaring van vroue in landelike gebiede wat by intiemepaargeweld betrokke is, ten opsigte van die beskikbaarheid van ondersteuning; en om aanbevelings te maak ten opsigte van die bevordering van die ondersteuning vir vroue in landelike gebiede wat aan intiemepaargeweld blootgestel word. ‘n Kombinasie van kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenaderings is in hierdie studie gebruik. Tydens hierdie ondersoek is ook beide ‘n verkennende en beskrywende navorsingsontwerp benut, aangesien die beskikbare literatuur ‘n gebrek aan inligting aangaande ondersteuning wat beskikbaar is aan vroue in landelike gebiede wat by intiemepaargeweld betrokke is, toon. ‘n Doelbewuste streekproefmetode is geselekteer om deelnemers te verkry. Die data is ingevorder deur die gebruik van ‘n semi-gestruktureerde vraelys tydens 20 afsonderlike individuele onderhoude. Sodoende kon ‘n geheelbeeld van die deelnemers se oortuigings en persepsies aangaande die onderwerp van die studie verkry word. Die samestelling van die vraelys berus op inligting wat uit die literatuurstudie verkry is. Die resultate van die ondersoek het hoofsaaklik die bevindinge van die literatuurstudie bevestig dat vroue in landelike gebiede wat by intiemepaargeweld betrokke is, ‘n behoefte aan ondersteuning op veelvoudige vlakke van die ekologiese perspektief het. Hierdie ondersteuning behels beide informele en formele ondersteuningsbronne en varieer vanaf konkrete, informatiewe tot emosionele ondersteuning ten einde stresvolle lewensituasies te kan hanteer. Die belangrikste aanbevelings van hierdie studie dui daarop dat maatskaplike werkers die ekologiese perspektief moet gebruik tydens dienste wat aan vroue in landelike gebiede wat by intiemepaargeweld betrokke is, gelewer word. Hierdie perspektief kan die nodige ondersteuningshulpbronne identifiseer en versterk om die nodige ondersteuning aan hierdie vroue op ‘n mikro-, meso-, ekso- en makrosisteemvlak te bied. Die aanbevelings dui ook aan dat maatskaplike werkers saam met verskeie regeringsektore, naamlik gesondheidsorg-, polisie- en wetstoepassingsdienste, ‘n multi-professionele span vorm sodat daar op die sosiale funksionering van gesinne en gemeenskap as ‘n geheel gefokus word. Maatskaplike werkers wat intervensiedienste lewer aan vroue in landelike gebiede wat aan intiemepaargeweld blootgestel word, moet op alle maatskaplikewerk-intervensievlakke fokus. Die aanbevelings beklemtoon die noodsaaklikheid van vroue en die gemeenskappe se bewustheid rakende intiemepaargeweld om sodoende vroue se onafhanklikheid te bevorder en ondersteuningsgroepe te bevorder en te fasiliteer.

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David, Priscila [UNESP]. "As jovens das classes populares sob a mira dos crimes de estupro, sedução e rapto na cidade de Assis (1950-1979)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93342.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
A presente pesquisa discute as questões relacionadas às práticas das jovens das classes populares envolvidas nos crimes de estupro, sedução e rapto, todos delitos contra os costumes sociais, ocorridos na cidade de Assis entre os anos de 1950 e 1979, bem como as representações lançadas pelos membros do Poder Judiciário sobre tais comportamentos. A grande maioria das vítimas destes delitos estava diretamente envolvida no mercado de trabalho e possuía um menor monitoramento de suas práticas sociais. Diante disto, os membros do Poder Judiciário, os quais preservavam as representações tradicionais sobre o feminino, repreendiam estes comportamentos e os consideravam desviantes da moral e dos costumes. Sem levar em consideração a idade e as características culturais das vítimas, julgavam-nas como se fossem mulheres rebeldes e, muitas vezes, promíscuas. Pertencentes a um grupo social específico, essas jovens foram vítimas não apenas dos crimes contra os costumes, mas também da discriminação de uma sociedade machista e conservadora.
This present research discusses questions related to practices of young women from popular classes involved in rape, seduction and kidnapping crimes, all these delicts against the social custom happened in Assis city between 1950 and the 1979, and it also discusses the representations instituted by members of the Judiciary Committee about these behaviors. Great part of the victims concerning those delicts was involved at the job market and had a low supervision of their social practices. For this reason, members of the Judiciary Committee, who preserved the traditional representations about the feminine, reprehended these behaviors and considered them diverged from the moral and custom. Without considering age and cultural features of the victims, they were judged as rebel and, most of the time, promiscuous women. Belonging to a specific social group, these young women were not only victims of crimes against the custom, but they were also victims of discrimination by a sexist and conservative society.

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Wong, Yuen-ying, e 黃婉凝. "The role of informal social networks in marital conflict, violence among newly arrived wives in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31346480.

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Le, Roux Elisabet. "The role of African Christian churches in dealing with sexual violence against women : the case of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Liberia". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95826.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sexual violence against women (SVAW) has always been part of armed conflict. However, only recently has international law deemed it a crime against humanity and a genocidal crime, thus finally recognising that it is a strategy and weapon that is used extensively during conflict. SVAW and its consequences, however, also continue in the aftermath of conflict, with both ex-combatants and civilians perpetrating SVAW. The effectiveness of SVAW as a weapon and strategy relies on the existence of gender identities and relations that subjugate women. This gender inequality is instated and perpetuated through hegemonic masculinity and patriarchy, and violence against women is one way in which the imbalance is enforced. Patriarchal beliefs and structures, combined with a form of militarised hypermasculinity, lead to SVAW being used during armed conflict, but also continuing in its aftermath. The consequences for survivors are that they are often stigmatised and discriminated against by their husbands, families and communities, and this contributes to their further marginalisation and exploitation. As the state and international security and peacekeeping bodies fail to adequately address SVAW, civil society organisations (CSOs) tend to fill this void by providing mostly support to women affected. One sector of African civil society, namely African Christian churches, has a good record of effectively filling roles usually associated with the state. Furthermore, African Christian churches have increased tremendously in the last century, function at grassroots-level, and are of the few CSOs that continue functioning during armed conflict. As religious institutions they have authority and impact, for religion has the ability to influence behaviour, facilitate societal change, and provide societal solidarity and cohesion. Thus, for the marginalised in Africa, religion is a powerful resource. This leads one to assume that churches can be effective in addressing SVAW. This supposition was tested by studying how churches address SVAW in three different areas affected by armed conflict, namely the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Liberia, by using a qualitative, multiple-case case study approach. In two sites in each country, one urban and one rural, structured interview questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and nominal groups were done, focusing on the causes and consequences of SVAW and how it is being addressed, specifically by churches. The findings showed that SVAW in areas affected by armed conflict are due to patriarchal structures and beliefs, and the military hypermasculinity that has infused civilian masculinities. Patriarchy is also the indirect cause of the most severe consequences of SVAW. These are physical, psychological, social and economic, but the impact of the stigmatisation and discrimination that survivors experience is what they find most debilitating. Unfortunately, neither government nor civil society is addressing SVAW to any great extent and where they do, their actions are reactive not proactive in terms of prevention. This was no different in terms of the role and influence of the churches. While people believe in the ability of churches to be important actors in addressing SVAW, churches are not doing so, for they, too, are patriarchal institutions. Their ability to address injustice is limited when the cause of the injustice are practices and beliefs that lie at the heart of the religion and the churches, especially if these practices and beliefs are upholding the power of those currently in power. By perpetuating patriarchy, churches are actually contributing to SVAW being used as a weapon and strategy of warfare.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Seksuele geweld teen vroue (SGTV) was nog altyd deel van gewapende konflik. Dis egter eers onlangs wat internasionale wetgewing bepaal het dat dit ‘n misdaad teen die mensdom en van volksmoord is, en sodoende uiteindelik erken dat dit ‘n veelgebruikte konflikstrategie en -wapen is. SGTV en die gevolge daarvan hou egter aan ná konflik, met beide gewese vegters en burgerlikes wat SGTV pleeg. Die doeltreffendheid van SGTV as 'n wapen en strategie berus op geslagsidentiteite en -verhoudings wat vroue onderwerp. Hierdie geslagsongelykheid word ingestel en voortgesit deur hegemoniese manlikheid en patriargie, en geweld teen vroue is een manier waarop die wanbalans afgedwing word. Patriargale oortuigings en strukture, gekombineer met 'n vorm van militêre hipermanlikheid, lei daartoe dat SGTV nie net tydens gewapende konflik plaasvind nie, maar ook daarna. Die oorlewendes word dikwels gestigmatiseer en teen gediskrimineer deur hulle mans, families en gemeenskappe, en dit dra by tot hulle verdere marginalisering en uitbuiting. Aangesien die staat en internasionale veiligheids- en vredesliggame versuim om SGTV voldoende aan te spreek, is burgerlike organisasies (BOs) geneig om hierdie leemte te vul deur die verskaffing van meesal steun aan vroue wat deur SGTV geaffekteer word. Een sektor van Afrika se burgerlike samelewing, naamlik Afrika Christelike kerke, het 'n goeie rekord as dit kom by die vervulling van rolle wat gewoonlik geassosieer word met die staat. Verder het Afrika Christelike kerke geweldig toegeneem in die laaste eeu, funksioneer hulle op voetsoolvlak, en is hulle van die min BOs wat aanhou funksioneer tydens gewapende konflik. As godsdienstige instellings het hulle gesag en invloed, aangesien godsdiens die vermoë het om gedrag te beïnvloed, gemeenskapsverandering te fasiliteer, en solidariteit en samehorigheid aan ‘n gemeenskap te verskaf. Dus, vir gemarginaliseerdes in Afrika, is godsdiens 'n kragtige hulpbron. Dus neem ‘n mens aan dat kerke effektief kan wees in die aanspreek van SGTV. Hierdie veronderstelling is getoets deur te kyk na hoe kerke SGTV aanspreek in drie areas wat geraak word deur gewapende konflik, naamlik die Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo, Rwanda en Liberië, deur die gebruik van 'n kwalitatiewe, meervoudige-geval gevallestudie benadering. In twee gemeenskappe in elke land, een stedelike en een landelike, is gestruktureerde onderhoudvraelyste, semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude, en nominale groepe gedoen, met ‘n fokus op die oorsake en gevolge van SGTV en hoe dit aangespreek word, spesifiek deur kerke. Die bevindinge het getoon dat SGTV in gebiede geraak deur gewapende konflik, te wyte is aan patriargale strukture en oortuigings, en die militêre hipermanlikheid wat verweef geraak het met burgerlike manlikheid. Patriargie is ook die indirekte oorsaak van die mees ernstige gevolge van SGTV. Hierdie gevolge is fisies, sielkundig, maatskaplik en ekonomies, maar die impak van die stigmatisering en diskriminasie wat oorlewendes ervaar affekteer hulle die ergste. Ongelukkig spreek nie die regering óf burgerlike samelewing werklik SGTV aan nie, en waar hulle dit doen is hulle optrede reaktief en nie proaktief in terme van voorkoming nie. Dit was dieselfde met die rol en invloed van kerke. Terwyl mense glo in die vermoë van kerke om ‘n kernrol te speel in die aanspreek van SGTV, doen kerke dit nie, want hulle is óók patriargale instellings. Hulle vermoë om onreg aan te spreek is beperk wanneer die oorsaak van die onreg praktyke en oortuigings is wat aan die hart lê van die godsdiens en die kerke, veral as hierdie praktyke en oortuigings verseker dat dié in beheer hulle mag behou. Deur hulle voortsetting van patriargie, dra kerke by daartoe dat SGTV gebruik word as 'n wapen en strategie van oorlogvoering.

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34

Hadji, Mutambuli James. "An evaluation of the government communication and information system's communication strategy: a case study of the 16 days of activism campaign in Soshanguve". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1004900.

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United Nation's (UN) millennium development goal number three is aimed at eliminating gender inequality and empowering women. Gender-based violence is recognised as a global public health and human rights problem that leads to high rates of morbidity and mortality, including sexually transmitted infections, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance dependence and suicide. In responding to this international public health and human rights concern, the South African government has adopted numerous public health communication strategies to highlight the plight of women and children. One of the campaigns that are conducted in South Africa is the 16 Days of Activism for No Violence Against Women and Children (16 Days of Activism Campaign). This campaign was introduced in 1999 but the literature review reveals that to date, no studies have focused on its evaluation. As such, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the 16 Days of Activism Campaign with special reference to the Soshanguve community in Gauteng province. This study builds on two theories, namely the excellence theory and the diffusion of innovation theory. Mixed research methods (also called triangulation) was used whereby in-depth interviews were conducted with representatives from the Government Communication and Information System and the Department of Women, Children and People with Disability to establish the promotion strategies used in the campaign and the methods used to assess the effectiveness of the campaign. Furthermore, a self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted within the Soshanguve community to evaluate the promotion strategies and assess the impact of the campaign.This study revealed a high level of reliance on the television, radio and newspapers in the communication strategies. Both government departments acknowledged that they do not have a tool to evaluate the effectiveness of the campaign from the receivers‟ perspective. The Soshanguve community felt that in essence the campaign is relevant but not on time. The residents viewed the study as an important part of creating awareness about the campaign and they believed the campaign helped them to know what to do when faced with gender-based violence so that they can assist those who are affected by it.

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35

Murphy, Michael William. "Campus Sexual Assault: How Oregon University System Schools Respond". PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/281.

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College is usually thought of as a time where students, often living alone for their first time, are encouraged towards healthy risk-taking behavior, as well as social, intellectual, and vocational development. Unfortunately for female students, college becomes the time of their lives where they are exposed to the highest risk of sexual victimization. Many colleges across America have taken steps to address the significant problem of sexual assault on their campuses. However, even with rising concern about the sexual victimization of college students, there remains very little systematic information published about the content of sexual assault policies, protocols and programs that exist on college campuses. Focusing on the seven schools of the Oregon University System (OUS), this study sought to examine the schools' sexual assault policies, as well as their prevention and response efforts to sexual assault. Additionally schools' willingness for assistance and training from Oregon Sexual Assault Task Force (OSATF) was also studied. Specifically, official school sexual assault policies were content analysis and secondary survey data gathered by the OSATF was examined. Results demonstrated that, in most cases, policies of the OUS schools were vague in their definitions of what constituted a sexual assault, and lacked the additional information necessary for victims to respond to their sexual victimization. However, Universities also offered various forms of educational opportunities and awareness raising activities. While this proves promising, there is clearly room for improvement. OUS schools also appeared willing to work with the OSATF to improve the delivery of their sexual assault prevention services. The findings of this thesis are important in directing future actions of the OUS when developing and implementing sexual assault response and prevention strategies.

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Philibert-Ortega, Gena Christine. "Battered women who kill: Perspectives of prosecutors who have tried "burning bed" cases". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/648.

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37

Harper, Christopher Duncan. ""Changing ourselves, changing others" : an analysis of the life stories of participants in a training course for volunteers within a non-governmental organisation in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002494.

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Gender-based violence has been recognized as a pressing mental health problem that is prevalent within South African society. Non-governmental organizations play a major role in addressing and highlighting the issue. These organizations make use of volunteers in order to assist in meeting their goals. The modernist perspective has been the dominant investigative mode when research into volunteers has been conducted. However, this study has been conducted with an emphasis on narrative. In its use of this constitutionalist and deconstructive perspective, it examines the identity of the research participants within the dominant social and cultural discourses that story their lives. This presents a major challenge to the modernist framework. In examining the life stories of the participants an emergent nature of identity is noted. Through the process of storying their lives and ascribing meaning to their experiences and understandings, the participants engaged in a process of constructing their identity. This research recognizes that identity is both multi-sited and multi-storied. The emphasis on personal agency enables the participants to restory their lives in the light of challenging prevailing discourses. It is in this process of challenge that they reauthor their lives and are in a position to change their own lives and the lives of others.

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38

Brooks, Oona. "Negotiating power, resistance and control : young women's safety in bars, pubs and clubs". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2049.

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Contemporary young women would appear to enjoy greater freedoms to consume alcohol and socialise in bars, pubs and clubs than their predecessors. However, concern about women’s level of alcohol consumption, drink spiking and drug-assisted sexual assault have contributed to a renewed focus on safety advice for young women in these social settings. This thesis examines the views, experiences and behaviours of 35 young women in relation to their safety in bars, pubs and clubs using qualitative data from interviews and focus groups with young women (18-25 years) in Scotland. Exploring the divergent claims made within feminist structural and poststructural perspectives, this thesis develops a nuanced understanding of young women’s safety in bars, pubs and clubs by drawing upon the theoretical concepts of power, resistance and social control. Constraints on women’s leisure imposed by patriarchal structures, safety concerns and notions of ‘appropriate femininity’, formed a significant focus of early feminist theorising in this area. More recently, however, poststuctural feminist theorists have highlighted the opportunities that leisure experiences may offer women for liberation by providing a means to resist conventional cultural discourses around feminine identities. To a certain extent, the findings from this study challenge the conventional construction of consuming alcohol and socialising in bars, pubs and clubs as a masculine leisure pursuit, by identifying this leisure activity as a central aspect of young women’s social lives. However, young women’s experiences and behaviours within bars, pubs and clubs remain significantly structured by gender and young women perceive the risks that they experience in these settings to have increased over time. The continuing salience of gender is evident in the way that women access bars, pubs and clubs, their safety concerns and experiences, and ultimately their behaviour within these venues. Young women’s safety concerns in this context are overwhelmingly related to the fear and reality of sexual violence, lending credence to social control theories espoused by radical feminists. These concerns and the individualising discourse embodied within safety literature results in women normalising and taking individual responsibility for preventing sexual assault. This reflects the positioning of sexual violence as an inevitable fixed reality, thus evading the need to question the behaviour of men who choose to sexually assault and harass women in bars, pubs and clubs. Safety behaviours adopted by young women in bars, pubs and clubs are complex and contradictory in that they simultaneously adopt, resist and transgress those advocated within safety literature. Since these safety behaviours are inextricably linked to normative femininity and gendered expectations of women’s behaviour in bars, pubs and clubs, they are more adequately theorised as ‘accommodating techniques’ than ‘resistant practices’. These findings pose significant difficulties for locating women’s experiences of consuming alcohol in bars, pubs and clubs within a poststructuralist framework of liberation and freedom; in some respects, it would appear that women’s behaviour within these social spaces is subject to heightened regulation and control. While poststructural theorising about power and resistance is of some assistance in illuminating the process of how safety concerns regulate women’s behaviour, alongside the possibility of resistance, understanding young women’s safety is best served by an appreciation of feminist structural perspectives which highlight the salience of gender, and in particular the power of gendered norms and taboos which continue to operate with regard to women’s sexuality. Ultimately, bars, pubs and clubs remain a social space infused with gendered expectations and risks.

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Direiter, Diana C. (Diana Charity). "PTSD in Women following a Disaster: the Effects of Social Support and Gender Differences". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277601/.

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The purpose of this study was to examine and compare individuals that had survived a single incidence trauma, the Luby's massacre in Killeen, Texas. Participants answered questions regarding various facets of social support following the trauma, and were also screened for a diagnosis of PTSD. Participants' level of symptoms, specifically depression, anxiety, and phobic anxiety was measured over time with the SCL-90-R. The results of this study indicate that, while women initially experience a higher level of depression and phobic anxiety, there is no gender difference in rate of symptom change over time. This study also found that women were significantly higher than men on desirability, utilization and usefulness of social support. Of the target symptoms, however, only depression correlated with any facet of social support, specifically, desirability. Finally, this study questioned whether individuals would share more similarities with others based on gender or diagnosis. It is suggested by the current data that diagnosis is the better indicator of similarity.

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40

Robertson, Lauren. "‘Crimes of passion’ or ‘horrific murders’? A corpus-based Critical Discourse Analysis of reporting on domestic and non-domestic violence in The Sydney Morning Herald and The Daily Telegraph". Thesis, Department of Linguistics, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21867.

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This dissertation examines the current state of print news reporting of violence against women (VAW) in Australia. Specifically, it examines how blame and responsibility is encoded in articles on domestic violence (DV) and non-domestic violence (NDV), and considers the flow on effect of this on attitudes and understandings of VAW amongst broader society. The data are from two Sydney newspapers, The Sydney Morning Herald and The Daily Telegraph. Six cases overall are investigated, three DV and three NDV, which create a small, specialised corpus of 54 texts. It uses the emerging technique of corpus-based CDA, combining corpus methods with computer-assisted ‘manual’ text analysis in order to examine how the victim, perpetrator and the act of violence (AOV) are portrayed. The analysis reveals how blame and responsibility is often encoded in texts through the activation or passivation of certain social actors and different naming practices of perpetrators of DV and NDV. This study contributes to existing research on representations of VAW in the media and is the first to analyse this issue specifically from a linguistic perspective within the Australian context. It is also perhaps one of the only corpus-based CDA studies on VAW in the media. Through this, it offers methodological innovations as well as important findings related to the depictions of VAW in news media.

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41

Baldwin, Carol L. (Carol Louise). "Dissociation and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Women Who Have Experienced Trauma and Sexual Assault". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332592/.

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The relation between dissociative symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was investigated in women who had experienced trauma or sexual assault. Subjects were administered the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), the Sexual Experiences Scale (SES), and the PTSD Interview (PTSD-I). Subjects were grouped according to their scores on the SES and the PTSD-I. Analysis of variance revealed a relation between DES scores and PTSD symptom severity scores. Correlational analyses showed a relation between dissociative symptoms and PTSD symptom severity but not recency of trauma. Three factors from a previously published factor analysis of the DES were found to contribute to the DES scores of PTSD subjects.

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42

Ibrahim, Faiqa. "Honour killings under the rule of law in Pakistan". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83953.

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'Honour', an undefined notion in a patriarchal society like Pakistan, is used as a tool to justify the crime of murder. Violence in the name of honour is not a new phenomenon. Historically, it has been justified in the name of culture but the scope of this tradition has broadened with time and there is an enormous increase in the number of its victims. This cultural notion is interpreted in a way to control women's sexuality and to keep women subordinate to men. Honour killing is not legally sanctioned but the judiciary, the administration and the society often condone it one way or the other. In the tribal areas of Pakistan where such murder is not considered a crime, honour killing is a punishment for those who contravene against the traditional honour code.
The wide acceptance of honour killing has made women suffer as a whole against their basic rights; human, constitutional and Islamic. This thesis focuses on the judicial redress against the crime of honour killings, which could be achieved by proper administration of justice. It contests that to control the crime in the patriarchal society of Pakistan, legislative measures are not enough. There is a dire need to eliminate the inadequacies of the administration of justice. The State could build a judicial framework to eliminate the inequality and discrimination against women. The judiciary could play an important role in bringing justice to the victims and in curbing this heinous crime.

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43

David, Priscila. "As jovens das classes populares sob a mira dos crimes de estupro, sedução e rapto na cidade de Assis (1950-1979) /". Assis : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93342.

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Orientador: Zélia Lopes da Silva
Banca: Janete Leiko Tanno
Banca: Antonio Carlos Duarte Carvalho
Resumo: A presente pesquisa discute as questões relacionadas às práticas das jovens das classes populares envolvidas nos crimes de estupro, sedução e rapto, todos delitos contra os costumes sociais, ocorridos na cidade de Assis entre os anos de 1950 e 1979, bem como as representações lançadas pelos membros do Poder Judiciário sobre tais comportamentos. A grande maioria das vítimas destes delitos estava diretamente envolvida no mercado de trabalho e possuía um menor monitoramento de suas práticas sociais. Diante disto, os membros do Poder Judiciário, os quais preservavam as representações tradicionais sobre o feminino, repreendiam estes comportamentos e os consideravam desviantes da moral e dos costumes. Sem levar em consideração a idade e as características culturais das vítimas, julgavam-nas como se fossem mulheres rebeldes e, muitas vezes, promíscuas. Pertencentes a um grupo social específico, essas jovens foram vítimas não apenas dos crimes contra os costumes, mas também da discriminação de uma sociedade machista e conservadora.
Abstract: This present research discusses questions related to practices of young women from popular classes involved in rape, seduction and kidnapping crimes, all these delicts against the social custom happened in Assis city between 1950 and the 1979, and it also discusses the representations instituted by members of the Judiciary Committee about these behaviors. Great part of the victims concerning those delicts was involved at the job market and had a low supervision of their social practices. For this reason, members of the Judiciary Committee, who preserved the traditional representations about the feminine, reprehended these behaviors and considered them diverged from the moral and custom. Without considering age and cultural features of the victims, they were judged as rebel and, most of the time, promiscuous women. Belonging to a specific social group, these young women were not only victims of crimes against the custom, but they were also victims of discrimination by a sexist and conservative society.
Mestre

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44

Andrade, Fabiana de 1979. "Fios para trançar, jogos para armar : o "fazer" policial nos crimes de violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278986.

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Orientador: Maria Filomena Gregori
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T10:32:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrade_Fabianade_M.pdf: 2250271 bytes, checksum: 5f640dd2968adfef914ccdd4815a8318 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Esta dissertação discorre sobre o "fazer" policial nos crimes de "violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher" circunscritos na Lei Maria da Penha (11.340/06). O trançar de fios de sentidos e séries de acontecimentos busca entender como a constituição de um saber especializado da polícia civil, emaranhado ao de outros agentes e olhares, produz um tipo de prática e noções sobre os crimes de violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher. O texto tem início no "caminhar" pelos espaços da Delegacia de Defesa da Mulher de Campinas (DDM), no intuito de conhecer seus transeuntes e as múltiplas discursividades que se materializam em suas salas, seu Corredor e suas expectativas a respeito do cotidiano policial. De posse desse relato, acompanho um dos personagens que transita por seu Corredor e salas: a Lei Maria da Penha (11.340/06). Como foi seu nascimento? Quais suas memórias? Quem são seus padrinhos e referências? O que falam sobre ela? Para responder a essas questões, escolho no emaranhado de fios aquelas discursividades produzidas pelos documentos internacionais sobre Direitos Humanos e Direitos das Mulheres, assim como, pela atuação dos diversos movimentos feministas, dos especialistas na temática sobre violência e da polícia civil especializada. Por fim, acompanho essas policiais em seu "fazer" mais minúsculos do cotidiano: a operacionalização dos marcadores de diferença (peças/linhas) gênero doméstico e familiar na transformação de narrativas de violência doméstica em crimes previstos pela Lei Maria da Penha
Abstract: This dissertation discusses police's faire in domestic violence against women circumscribed in Maria da Penha Law (11.340/06).The weaving of meanings and the series of events seeks to understand how the constitution of a specialized knowledge about the civil police, tangled with other agents and eyes, produces practices and notions about the crimes of domestic violence against women. The text begins by the walking on spaces in the Women's Police Stations of Campinas (DDM), in order to know their passers-by and the multiple discourses that are materialized in rooms, its Corridor and expectations about the everyday police officer. After take it, I subscribe one of the characters that move through the Corridor and rooms: the Maria da Penha Law (11.340/06).How was her birth? What are her memories? Who are her sponsors and references? What they talk about her? To answer those questions I choose in the tangle of wires the documents produced by international discourses on Human Rights and Women's Rights, as well as the performance of various feminist movements, the experts on the topic of violence and civilian police staff. Finally, I follow these police officers in their tiniest faire of everyday life: the operation of the domestic and familiar's devices in the transformation of domestic violence against women's narrative in crimes provided by Law Maria da Penha
Mestrado
Antropologia Social
Mestre em Antropologia Social

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45

Shaikh, Sa'diyya. "Battered women in Muslim communities in the Western Cape : religious constructions of gender, marriage, sexuality and violence". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17491.

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Bibliography: pages 204-228.
Historically Muslim women have been marginalised in the examination of Islamic texts and Muslim society. This has resulted in the non-recognition and silencing of women's perspectives as well as the concealment of some of the traumatic realities experienced by groups of Muslim women. Exacerbated by pervading social and religious notions of "private" families, the incidence of wife battery within Muslim societies have been largely hidden violence against wives is seen as the manifestation of a sexist and patriarchal ideology. This study examines the manner in which Islamic gender discourses inform and impact upon the phenomenon of violence against women. The related tensions between patriarchal and egalitarian Islamic perspectives are explored. This study involves a two-fold feminist analysis of gender ideology in religious texts and contemporary Muslim society. At the level of textual studies, I applied a feminist hermeneutic to medieval and contemporary Qur'anic exegetical literature. The examination of medieval period focused on the exegesis of Abu Jafar Muhumammad b. Jarir al-Tabari (839-922), Abu al-Qasim Mahmud b. Umar Zamakshari (1075-1144), Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (1149- 1210). The study of contemporary exegetical literature concentrated on the approaches and exegeses of Fazlur Rahman and Amina Wadud-Muhsin. Hermeneutical debates on violence against wives were focused on the interpretations of the Qur'anic notion of female nushuz (Q.4:34). In examining contemporary Muslim society, I employed feminist qualitative research methodology. I interviewed a number of women from a South African Muslim community in the Western Cape. Here, the sample consisted of eight women with whom open-ended in-depth interviews were conducted. The interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed. I found that interweaving levels of religious symbols and discourses shaped normative understandings of gender relations. This in turn had implications for both structural and practical discourses of violence against women in Muslim societies. Islamic gender ideology spanned the continuum from patriarchal to feminist approaches. Misogynist religious understandings reinforced the husband's right to control and coerce his wife, even if this implied the use of force. On the other hand, egalitarian Islamic perspectives prioritised the Qur'anic ethics of equality and social justice and rejected the violation of women. I argue that Islam provides numerous resources for the pro-active empowerment of women and the promotion of the full humanity of women.

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46

Falla, Karen M. "Alcohol Use, Violence, and Psychological Abuse in Intimate Relationships". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279331/.

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Women in distressed relationships who had sustained severe psychological abuse and either no, moderate, or severe violence from their partner were included (N = 93). Men's and women's alcohol use did not differ with level of violence. Different patterns were found in the moderate violence group regarding women's beliefs about their partner's substance problem, men's psychological abuse, and the relationship of men's and women's quantity of alcohol use and times intoxicated. Uncertainty resulting from moderate violence may strengthen the emotional impact of psychological abuse. Even when psychological abuse is exacerbated by violence, women may use active coping techniques rather than drinking to cope with abusive relationships. The findings suggest that an inordinate focus on alcohol abuse may be ineffective in combating the problem of domestic violence.

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Vogel, Laura C. M. "Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Community Sample of Women: Examination of the Role of Violence and Ethnicity". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278385/.

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The purpose of the current study was to examine Dutton's (1992) model of moderating and mediating variables which may impact the relationship of violence from an intimate partner with the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. This model was tested within three ethnic groups (African American, n = 303, Euro-American, n = 271, and Mexican American, n = 260), of low income, community women in serious, long-term relationships. The importance of the differences and similarities observed are discussed within a framework of the PTSD as well as domestic violence literature.

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Danga, Talent. "Male perspectives on gender violence in South Africa: the case of Nkonkobe municipal area". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/180.

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The study explores the experiences of men who perpetrated violence against women in the domestic sphere. The study’s overarching concern is that violence has been largely seen as a women’s problem and not an issue that is central to men and yet in most cases are the perpetrators of this violence. Consequently, men have not been targeted in initiatives that curb domestic violence (Salo, 2005). It is in this frame of reference that this study saw it imperative to focus on the male perspective of gender violence. The study aims to find factors that contribute to male violence and in turn recommend practical and appropriate strategies of dealing with male violence perpetrators. The study drew its theoretical framework largely from the feminist theory, systems theory and the social learning theory in-order to gain insight into the different frameworks for making judgement about male violence against women. Feminists hold the view that, starting with people’s experiences is a powerful tool that provides the rational for their studies. The study was therefore qualitative in nature as it sought to gather men’s experiences of violent against their spouses; semi-structured interviews were utilized during data collection. A purposive sampling method was utilised to select ten men who were known to have perpetrated violence against their partners and five key informants with special knowledge on domestic violence. The research was conducted through the Department of Social Development in Alice in the Eastern Cape, which facilitated a trusting relationship between the researcher and its clients. The findings established that violence is used to maintain control and power over women. Men invoked hegemonic discourses as violence is employed as an instrument to suppress women, mostly in instances were women question their prerogatives and undermine their authority. It was evidenced that cultural practices such as ‘lobola’ (dowry) usually contribute to men’s use of violence. Most of the respondents understood violence from the physical dimension only, as violence was equated to beating and slapping. Added to that was the respondents’ inadequate understanding of domestic violence laws and legislation. The study also established that social service providers seem not to have concrete procedures and capacity to deal with perpetrators of domestic violence. In light of the problems discussed, the study recommends effective counseling and educational programs, policy improvement, capacitation of service providers and the criminal justice system and further research as strategies for dealing with male violence in the Nkonkobe District.

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Arruda, Jocelaine Espindola da Silva. "Um olhar sobre a lei Maria da Penha no Paraná: avanços e desafios". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1634.

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O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o processo de implementação da Lei Maria da Penha no Paraná a partir da percepção de pessoas diretamente envolvidas no enfrentamento à violência contra a mulher no estado. Para o alcance deste objetivo foi tomada como principal referência a implementação na cidade de Curitiba, em razão de sua situação de capital, sede dos poderes constituídos e local onde se encontram alguns movimentos sociais feministas. Como metodologia de pesquisa optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa de natureza interpretativa, por ser este um método que permite a análise das respostas e como técnica de coleta de dados. Escolheu-se também como modalidade de entrevista, a individual semiestruturada por entender-se que esta concede maior liberdade ao/a entrevistado/a para discorrer sobre o assunto, mas que fique delimitado aos objetivos da pesquisa. A investigação contou com nove pessoas, entre elas autoridades do Poder Judiciário, Ministério Público, servidores públicos e ativistas. A importância do estudo advém da relevância dos números da violência contra a mulher no Brasil, e mais especificamente, pela significativa ocorrência de atos deste tipo no estado do Paraná, que atualmente ocupa o 3o lugar no ranking entre os estados brasileiros mais violentos. O trabalho discute ainda relações de gênero por entender que a violência contra a mulher é o resultado de uma relação assimétrica de poder entre homens e mulheres; sobre direitos humanos, visto ser a violência um flagrante desrespeito aos direitos humanos das mulheres, sobre políticas públicas e tecnologias de enfrentamento a esta forma de violência. Dentre as políticas se destaca a Lei Maria da Penha como um dos exemplos mais contundentes de política pública de enfrentamento à violência contra a mulher. Verificou-se na pesquisa qual foi a participação do Paraná na discussão e implementação da Lei Maria da Penha, identificando fatos e pessoas relevantes e ainda qual foi a repercussão obtida pela lei. Quanto à implementação no Paraná foi possível apurar-se avanços, dificuldades e desafios do processo. Os maiores avanços até então obtidos são as instalações: do Juizado de Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra a Mulher no município de Curitiba, da Patrulha Maria da Penha e da Secretaria Municipal Extraordinária da Mulher da Prefeitura Municipal de Curitiba. Quanto às dificuldades, são elas relativas, entre outras, à estrutura física, capacitação dos agentes, vontade política, e ainda questões culturais, estas diretamente ligadas a questões de gênero. Desta forma constatou-se que a lei está implementada no estado, mas que ainda existem vários desafios a alcançar, os quais compreendem, principalmente, o incremento de estrutura para o enfrentamento à violência; a sensibilização e mudança de mentalidade dos gestores públicos; a capacitação dos agentes de atendimento e a maior participação social no enfrentamento à violência. Verificou-se, ainda como desafio, a necessidade de modificação nas relações de gênero, o que é um processo educativo e evolutivo social e por isso demorado.
This study aims to analyze the process of implementation of Maria da Penha Law in Paraná from the perception of persons directly involved in combating violence against women in that state. To achieve this goal, the implementation in Curitiba was taken as the main reference, due to its status as capital, being the headquarter of the political powers and the place where are some feminist social movements. We have chosen qualitative approach of interpretative nature as research methodology, because it is a method that allows the analysis of the responses and as a data collection technique. We also have chosen the individual semi-structured interview as interview mode, because it gives greater freedom to the interviewee to discuss the matter, but it is delimited to the study objectives. The research included nine persons, including members of the Judiciary and Public Ministry, public servants and activists. The importance of the study stems from the relevance of the numbers of violence against women in Brazil, and more specifically by the significant occurrence of this kind of acts in the state of Paraná, which currently occupies the 3rd place in the ranking for the most violent states. The paper also discusses gender relations by understanding that violence against women is the result of an asymmetrical power relationship between men and women; human rights because violence is a blatant disregard of women's human rights; on public policies and technologies to confront this form of violence. Among the policies, the Maria da Penha Law is highlighted as one of the most striking examples of public policy for combating violence against women. The research found out which was the participation of Paraná in the discussion and implementation of Maria da Penha Law, identifying relevant facts and people and also what was the repercussion obtained by this law. As for the implementation in Paraná, it was possible to determine progresses, difficulties and challenges of the process. The greatest advances obtained so far are the facilities of: Court of Domestic and Family Violence against Women in Curitiba, Maria da Penha Patrol and Women's Special City Office of Curitiba. As for the difficulties, they are related, among others things, to the physical structure, training of agents, political will, and even cultural issues, which are directly linked to gender issues. Thus it was found that the law is implemented in the state, but there are still several challenges to be achieved, which consist, mainly, of the structure increment for combating violence; awareness and change of mentality of public officials; training of service agents and a greater social participation in combating violence. We concluded that the need for change in gender relations, which is an educational and social evolutionary process and therefore time consuming, is also a challenge.

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Ayres, Cleison Ribeiro. "Casa da mulher brasileira: uma política pública para mulheres em situação de violência". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/3111.

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O estudo em discussão tem como objetivo conhecer o processo de implementação da Casa da Mulher Brasileira, na Cidade de Curitiba, enquanto nova política pública para acolhimento e atendimento mulheres vítimas de violência, com assistência integral e humanizada facilitando o acesso a serviços especializados e garantindo condições de enfrentamento da violência, de empoderamento e autonomia econômica. Para subsidiar a discussão da construção de políticas públicas para enfrentamento da violência contra as mulheres são discutidos os conceitos gênero, violência, violência contra as mulheres, direitos humanos, políticas públicas e políticas públicas para as mulheres e apresentados dados alarmantes sobre o fenômeno da violência contra as mulheres no Brasil, onde uma em cada três mulheres já sofreu violência física ou sexual. O país também aparece na 5ª posição em relação ao número de homicídio de mulheres, numa lista de 83 países, em relação ao número de homicídios de mulheres. Para este estudo realizou-se pesquisa qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com cinco profissionais, mulheres, que atuaram na implementação da Casa da Mulher Brasileira em Curitiba, por meio de entrevistas com objetivo de apresentar como resultado uma contextualização deste processo. A Casa da Mulher Brasileira é uma ação definida no Artigo 3º do Programa Mulher: Viver Sem Violência. O Programa foi instituído pelo Decreto nº 8.086 em 30 de agosto de 2013 com o objetivo de integrar e ampliar os serviços públicos existentes voltados às mulheres em situação de violência, mediante a articulação dos atendimentos especializados no âmbito da saúde, da justiça, da rede socioassistencial e da promoção da autonomia financeira. Ao concretizar-se em realidade responde ao disposto na Lei Maria da Penha, que determina que a política pública para coibir a violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher será realizada por um conjunto de ações articuladas entre União, dos Estados, do Distrito Federal e dos Municípios.
The study under discussion refers to the implementation process of the Casa da Mulher Brasileira, in the City of Curitiba, which is a new public policy for welcoming and assisting women victims of violence, with a humanized and integral assistance, helping the access to specialized services and ensuring conditions for standing up to violence, empowerment and economic autonomy. In order to subsidize the discussion of the construction of public policies to face violence against women, it discusses concepts of gender, violence, violence against women, human rights, public policies and public policies for women. It also shows alarming data on the phenomenon of violence against women in Brazil, where 1 in 3 women have already suffered physical or sexual violence. The country also ranks fifth in relation to the number of women homicides in a list of 83 countries in relation to the number of homicides of women. The field research executed with five professionals, women, who worked on the implementation of the Casa da Mulher Brasileira in Curitiba, through qualitative interviews, aiming to present as a result a contextualization of this process. The Casa da Mulher Brasileira is an action defined in Article 3 of the Women Program: Living without Violence. Decree 8.086 established the Program on August 30, 2013, with the goal of integrating and expanding existing public services aimed at women in situations of violence, through the articulation of specialized services in the health, justice, social assistance and the promotion of financial autonomy. When it comes to reality, it responds to the provisions of the Maria da Penha Law, which establishes that the public policy to curb domestic and family violence against women be carried out by a set of actions articulated between the Union, the States, the Federal District and the Counties.

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