Articoli di riviste: "Women Australia Alcohol use"

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Teesson, Maree, Wayne Hall, Michael Lynskey e Louisa Degenhardt. "Alcohol- and Drug-Use Disorders in Australia: Implications of the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, n. 2 (aprile 2000): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00715.x.

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Objective: This study reports the prevalence and correlates of ICD-10 alcohol- and drug-use disorders in the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing (NSMHWB) and discusses their implications for treatment. Method: The NSMHWB was a nationally representative household survey of 10 641 Australian adults that assessed participants for symptoms of the most prevalent ICD-10 and DSM-IV mental disorders, including alcohol- and drug-use disorders. Results: In the past 12 months 6.5%% of Australian adults met criteria for an ICD-10 alcohol-use disorder and 2.2%% had another ICD-10 drug-use disorder. Men were at higher risk than women of developing alcohol- and drug-use disorders and the prevalence of both disorders decreased with increasing age. There were high rates of comorbidity between alcohol- and other drug-use disorders and mental disorders and low rates of treatment seeking. Conclusions: Alcohol-use disorders are a major mental health and public health issue in Australia. Drug-use disorders are less common than alcohol-use disorders, but still affect a substantial minority of Australian adults. Treatment seeking among persons with alcohol- and other drug-use disorders is low. A range of public health strategies (including improved specialist treatment services) are needed to reduce the prevalence of these disorders.

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Williams, Robyn, Chris Lawrence, Edward Wilkes, Maurice Shipp, Barbara Henry, Sandra Eades, Bradley Mathers, John Kaldor, Lisa Maher e Dennis Gray. "Sexual behaviour, drug use and health service use by young Noongar people in Western Australia: a snapshot". Sexual Health 12, n. 3 (2015): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh14038.

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Background This study aimed to describe sexual health behaviour, alcohol and other drug use, and health service use among young Noongar people in the south-west of Western Australia. Method: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken among a sample of 244 Noongar people aged 16−30 years. Results: The sample was more disadvantaged than the wider Noongar population. Sexual activity was initiated at a young age, 18% had two or more casual sex partners in the previous 12 months, with men more likely to have done so than women (23% vs 14%). Condoms were always or often carried by 57% of men and 37% of women, and 36% of men and 23% of women reported condom use at last sex with a casual partner. Lifetime sexually transmissible infection diagnosis was 14%. Forty percent currently smoked tobacco and 25% reported risky alcohol consumption on a weekly and 7% on an almost daily basis. Cannabis was used by 37%, 12% used drugs in addition to cannabis and 11% reported recently injecting drugs. In the previous 12 months, 66% had a health check and 31% were tested for HIV or sexually transmissible infections. Additionally, 25% sought advice or assistance for mental health or alcohol and other drug issues. Discussion: Although some respondents engaged in risky sexual behaviour, alcohol and other drug use or both, most did not. Particularly encouraging was the engagement of respondents with the health care system, especially among those engaging in risky behaviours. The results confound negative stereotypes of Aboriginal people and demonstrate a level of resilience among respondents.

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Elliott, Elizabeth Jane. "Australia plays ‘catch-up’ with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders". International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 3, n. 1 (8 aprile 2014): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i1.177.

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Elliott, E. (2014). Australia plays ‘catch-up’ with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(1), 121-125. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i1.177Australians are amongst the highest consumers of alcohol worldwide, and "risky" drinking is increasing in young women. Contrary to the advice in national guidelines, drinking in pregnancy is common. Many women don’t understand the potential for harm to the unborn child and 20% have a "tolerant" attitude to drinking during pregnancy. As attitude, rather than knowledge, predicts risk of drinking in a future pregnancy, this presents a challenge for public health campaigns. Alcohol is teratogenic, crosses the placenta, and contributes to a range of physical, developmental, learning and behavioural problems, including fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). As nearly half of all pregnancies in Australia are unplanned, inadvertent exposure to alcohol is common. Good-quality prevalence data on FASD are lacking in Australia, although alcohol use at "risky" levels is well documented in some disadvantaged communities. In the last decade, clinicians, researchers, governments and non-governmental organizations have shown renewed interest in addressing alcohol use in pregnancy and FASD. This has included a parliamentary inquiry into FASD, provision of targeted funding for FASD, and development of educational materials for health professionals and the general public. Key challenges for the future are to prevent FASD and to offer timely diagnosis and help to children and families living with FASD. The implementation of evidence-based interventions known to decrease access to, and excessive use of, alcohol in our society will aid in the prevention of FASD. The development of national diagnostic tools for screening and diagnosis, and the training of health professionals in the management of FASD, are urgently needed.

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Hall, Wayne, Ernest Hunter e Randolph Spargo. "Alcohol Use and Incarceration in a Police Lockup among Aboriginals in the Kimberley Region of Western Australia". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 27, n. 1 (giugno 1994): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589402700109.

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Data from a general population survey of a stratified random sample of 516 Aboriginal men and women over the age of 15 years in the Kimberley region of Western Australia were used to estimate patterns of incarceration in police lockups and their relationship to self-reported alcohol consumption. Participants in the survey were asked about their lifetime experience of incarceration in police cells, and about their frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption. Estimates of the population risk of incarceration indicated that 81% of Kimberley Aboriginal men, and 37% of Kimberley Aboriginal women have been locked up in police cells. Alcohol use was strongly related to the risk of being locked up in police cells, and the risk was higher among current drinkers who were of full rather than mixed Aboriginal descent. Urgent action is required to reduce rates of incarceration in police cells among Kimberley Aboriginals. In addition to the decriminalisation of public drunkenness, action needs to be taken to reduce the prevalence of heavy alcohol use, and to improve the social and economic conditions in which Kimberley Aboriginals live.

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Lenton, Simon, e Claudia Ovenden. "Community Attitudes to Cannabis Use in Western Australia". Journal of Drug Issues 26, n. 4 (ottobre 1996): 783–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269602600405.

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This paper presents results of a telephone survey of 400 Western Australians regarding attitudes to laws relating to possession of cannabis for personal use. Over a third of respondents believed cannabis should be made as legal as alcohol. Support for decriminalization increased from 64.0% to 71.5% when possible penalties associated with decriminalization were described. When penalties were described, more women than men favored decriminalization but age, political affiliation, and city or country residency no longer predicted attitudes to decriminalization. Almost two-thirds of respondents believed that many people used cannabis without experiencing serious problems and that the court system was overburdened by minor cannabis offenses. Half the sample believed it would not be a bad thing for the community if people were legally able to grow cannabis for their personal use. Results suggest there is considerable community support for removing criminal penalties for simple cannabis offenses.

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Kumar, M. T. "Epidemiology of Substance use in Pregnancy". European Psychiatry 24, S1 (gennaio 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70541-3.

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An understanding of the epidemiology of alcohol and drug use in young women is important to appreciate the considerable morbidity and mortality associated with it and to understand the impact of such use on offspring. Although abstention rates are consistently higher among women than men in general substance misuse is increasing in young women. Differences in definitions, measurement techniques, availability, social acceptability and affordability partly explain the great variability in reported prevalence rates. Alcohol exposure among pregnant women varies from 0.2% to 14.8%. An Australian national survey revealed that nearly half of pregnant and or breast-feeding women up to 6 months postpartum were using alcohol. A Swedish study reported risky use of alcohol during the first 6 weeks of pregnancy, at 15%. Cannabis use among pregnant women varies from 1.8% to 15%. The reported prevalence of opiate use during pregnancy ranges from 1.65 to 8.5%. Cocaine use among pregnant women is reported to be between 0.3% and 9.5. Most pregnant women stop or reduce their substance use during pregnancy and this might be an opportune moment for detection and treatment. Substance use tends to increase sharply in the postpartum period with adverse consequences on mother and baby. Perinatal substance misuse interventions can reduce adverse neonatal outcomes. On the basis of relatively high rate of substance use disorders during pregnancy and postpartum period, effective screening and intervention strategies should be implemented.

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Kumar, M. T. "Epidemiology of Substance Use in Pregnancy". European Psychiatry 24, S1 (gennaio 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70314-1.

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An understanding of the epidemiology of alcohol and drug use in young women is important to appreciate the considerable morbidity and mortality associated with it and to understand the impact of such use on offspring. Although abstention rates are consistently higher among women than men in general substance misuse is increasing in young women. Differences in definitions, measurement techniques, availability, social acceptability and affordability partly explain the great variability in reported prevalence rates. Alcohol exposure among pregnant women varies from 0.2% to 14.8%. An Australian national survey revealed that nearly half of pregnant and or breast-feeding women up to 6 months postpartum were using alcohol. A Swedish study reported risky use of alcohol during the first 6 weeks of pregnancy, at 15%. Cannabis use among pregnant women varies from 1.8% to 15%. The reported prevalence of opiate use during pregnancy ranges from 1.65 to 8.5%. Cocaine use among pregnant women is reported to be between 0.3% and 9.5. Most pregnant women stop or reduce their substance use during pregnancy and this might be an opportune moment for detection and treatment. Substance use tends to increase sharply in the postpartum period with adverse consequences on mother and baby. Perinatal substance misuse interventions can reduce adverse neonatal outcomes. On the basis of relatively high rate of substance use disorders during pregnancy and postpartum period, effective screening and intervention strategies should be implemented.

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Stark, Astrid M., e Alex Hope. "Aboriginal women's stories of sexually transmissible infection transmission and condom use in remote central Australia". Sexual Health 4, n. 4 (2007): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh07009.

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Background: Sexually transmissible infection (STI) rates are persistently high in central Australia, creating conditions for a potential HIV pandemic in the area. There is a shortage of qualitative research examining the underlying factors affecting STI transmission in this region. The present study investigates Aboriginal women’s current levels of knowledge regarding STI and their transmission, perception of risk for STI, patterns of condom use, access to condoms and experiences of condom negotiation with their partners. It also explores the sociocultural context of their sexual health. Methods: The present study used qualitative methods with a semistructured questionnaire. Twenty-four women aged 18–35 years from one remote central-Australian Aboriginal community were recruited. Results: The results revealed poor understandings of STI transmission, limited access to condoms and low levels of condom use despite a high perception of risk to STI. They also identified specific issues facing these women regarding the sociocultural context of their condom use, their access to condoms and the transmission of STI. The perceived effects of alcohol abuse, infidelity, sexual assault and shame on the acquisition of STI were significant issues for the women. Conclusion: This research has identified an urgent need for further qualitative research into the sociocultural factors that facilitate the spread of STI among Aboriginal people of remote central Australia. Implications include the need to increase their knowledge regarding STI and STI transmission, to increase women’s access to condoms and to incorporate the teaching of skills to deal with sexual assault and violence into sexual-health education.

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Burns, Lucinda, Victoria H. Coleman-Cowger e Courtney Breen. "Managing Maternal Substance Use in the Perinatal Period: Current Concerns and Treatment Approaches in the United States and Australia". Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 10s1 (gennaio 2016): SART.S34558. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/sart.s34558.

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Substance use in pregnancy can have adverse effects on mother and fetus alike. Australia and the US are countries with high levels of substance use and policies advising abstinence, although the Australian approach occurs within a broader framework of harm minimization. Less attention has been paid to treatment of the mothers' substance use and what is considered gold standard. This is despite evidence that prior substance use in pregnancy is the most important factor in predicting future substance use in pregnancy. This paper draws together information from both the peer-reviewed and gray literature to provide a contemporary overview of patterns and outcomes of the three main drugs, alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, used in Australia and the US during pregnancy and discusses what are considered gold standard screening and treatment approaches for these substances. This paper does not set out to be a comprehensive review of the area but rather aims to provide a concise summary of current guidelines for policy makers and practitioners who provide treatment for women who use substances in pregnancy.

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Meyer, Samantha B., Belinda Lunnay, Megan Warin, Kristen Foley, Ian N. Olver, Carlene Wilson, Sara Macdonald S. e Paul R. Ward. "Examining social class as it relates to heuristics women use to determine the trustworthiness of information regarding the link between alcohol and breast cancer risk". PLOS ONE 17, n. 9 (12 settembre 2022): e0270936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270936.

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Background High rates of alcohol consumption by midlife women, despite the documented risks associated with breast cancer, varies according to social class. However, we know little about how to develop equitable messaging regarding breast cancer prevention that takes into consideration class differences in the receipt and use of such information. Objective To explore the heuristics used by women with different (inequitable) life chances to determine the trustworthiness of information regarding alcohol as a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer risk. Methods and materials Interviews were conducted with 50 midlife (aged 45–64) women living in South Australia, diversified by self-reported alcohol consumption and social class. Women were asked to describe where they sought health information, how they accessed information specific to breast cancer risk as it relates to alcohol, and how they determined whether (or not) such information was trustworthy. De-identified transcripts were analysed following a three-step progressive method with the aim of identifying how women of varying life chances determine the trustworthiness of alcohol and breast cancer risk information. Three heuristics were used by women: (1) consideration of whose interests are being served; (2) engagement with ‘common sense’; and (3) evaluating the credibility of the message and messenger. Embedded within each heuristic are notable class-based distinctions. Conclusions More equitable provision of cancer prevention messaging might consider how social class shapes the reception and acceptance of risk information. Class should be considered in the development and tailoring of messages as the trustworthiness of organizations behind public health messaging cannot be assumed.

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France, Kathryn, Nadine Henley, Jan Payne, Heather D'Antoine, Anne Bartu, Colleen O'Leary, Elizabeth Elliott e Carol Bower. "Health Professionals Addressing Alcohol Use with Pregnant Women in Western Australia: Barriers and Strategies for Communication". Substance Use & Misuse 45, n. 10 (1 giugno 2010): 1474–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826081003682172.

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Kelty, Erin, Duong Tran, Tina Lavin, David B. Preen, Gary Hulse e Alys Havard. "Prevalence and safety of acamprosate use in pregnant alcohol-dependent women in New South Wales, Australia". Addiction 114, n. 2 (21 settembre 2018): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.14429.

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Davey, Jeremy D. "Determinants of Binge Drinking and Alcohol Use by Young Australian Women". Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing 10, n. 2 (aprile 1997): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6171.1997.tb00275.x.

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Tucker, David, Martyn Symons, Elaine Clifton, Margaret Ramirez, James Fitzpatrick, Roz Walker, Glenn Pearson, Michelle Gray, Gary Kirby e Nyanda McBride. "Assessing The Validity Of A Culturally Modified Drinking Motives Questionnaire For Use In Aboriginal Communities." Journal of the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet 3, n. 4 (2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/aihjournal.v3n4.3.

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Introduction: Alcohol related harms disproportionately affect Aboriginal people in Australia. Motives to drink have been identified as the most proximal factor to alcohol consumption. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the validity of a culturally modified Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised (DMQ-R) (Cooper, 1994) with Aboriginal participants. Design: The study was cross sectional, utilising data collected via face-to-face surveys with a sample of adult Aboriginal participants. Participants: A convenience sample of 135 Aboriginal men (n=41) and women (n=94) from the Pilbara Region of Western Australia, who had consumed alcohol in the preceding 12 months. Outcome Measures: The Culturally modified DMQ-R (CDMQ-R) developed in consultation with Aboriginal community researchers and a local Aboriginal Community Reference Group was the primary outcome measure for this study. Results: Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated the four-factor model of drinking motives as measured by a culturally modified DMQ-R was valid for use with Aboriginal people of the Pilbara region. Conclusions: While most items loaded on the factor solution as hypothesised, there were some minor discrepancies which suggest further modification may be needed. In addition, the reduction of the original five-point scale to a three-point scale created statistical challenges. Future research might seek to further refine the DMQ-R for this population and determine an appropriate method for expanding the response scale incorporating advice from Aboriginal people.

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Tait, Robert J., Davina J. French, Richard A. Burns, Julie E. Byles e Kaarin J. Anstey. "Alcohol, hospital admissions, and falls in older adults: a longitudinal evaluation". International Psychogeriatrics 25, n. 6 (22 febbraio 2013): 901–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610213000173.

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ABSTRACTBackground:There are limited data on the impacts of alcohol use in older adults. We aimed to evaluate self-reported hospital admissions and falls against current Australian alcohol consumption guidelines.Methods:We conducted a longitudinal analysis of data from five Australian cohort studies. The study comprised 16,785 people aged 65 years or older at baseline. Alcohol consumption was categorized using Australian guidelines in standard (10 g) drinks per day as “abstinent,” “low-risk” (>0 ≤2), “long-term risk” (>2 ≤4), or “short-term risk” (>4). Separate generalized estimating equations for men and women, controlling for key demographic, and health variables (depression, diabetes, circulatory and musculoskeletal conditions) were used to examine the relationship of alcohol consumption with hospitalization and falls against a reference category of low-risk consumption.Results:Most participants were in the low (10,369, 62%) or abstinent (5,488, 33%) categories. Among women, all alcohol groups had greater odds of admission than low-risk users; among men, only the abstinent group had increased odds. For both genders, depression, diabetes, circulatory and musculoskeletal conditions all increased the odds of admission. For both genders, the unadjusted model showed that abstainers had increased odds of falling, with depression, diabetes, and for women, musculoskeletal conditions also associated with falls in the adjusted model.Conclusion:These outcomes suggest that older women in particular could benefit from targeted alcohol consumption messages or interventions. In relation to falls, other health conditions appear better targets for intervention than alcohol use.

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McNair, Ruth, Amy Pennay, Tonda L. Hughes, Scarlet Love, Jodie Valpied e Dan I. Lubman. "Health service use by same-sex attracted Australian women for alcohol and mental health issues: a cross-sectional study". BJGP Open 2, n. 2 (15 maggio 2018): bjgpopen18X101565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgpopen18x101565.

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BackgroundSame-sex attracted women (SSAW) have higher rates of alcohol and mental health problems than heterosexual women, but utilisation of and satisfaction with treatment is limited.AimThis study investigated the influences on health service use for alcohol and mental health problems among SSAW.Design & settingThe Gelberg-Andersen behavioural model of health service utilisation was used to generate outcome variables.MethodA convenience sample of 521 community-connected Australian SSAW completed an online survey. Health service use according to sexual identity was compared using χ2 analysis. Binary logistic regression examined associations between the independent variables with treatment utilisation.ResultsReports of alcohol treatment were very low. Only 41.1% of participants with service need had utilised mental health and alcohol treatment. Bisexual women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.76) and those with ‘other’ identities (AOR = 2.38) were more likely to use services than lesbian women. Enablers to service use were having a regular GP (AOR = 3.02); disclosure of sexuality to the GP (AOR = 2.42); lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community-connectedness (AOR = 1.11); and intimate partner violence ([IPV] AOR = 2.51). Social support was associated with a reduction in treatment use (AOR = 0.97). Significant access barriers included not feeling ready for help, and previous negative experiences related to sexual identity.ConclusionDisclosing sexual identity to a regular, trusted GP correlated with improved utilisation of alcohol and mental health treatment for SSAW. The benefits of seeking help for alcohol use, and of accessing LGBT-inclusive GPs to do so, should be promoted to SSAW.

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Anderson, AE, AJ Hure, P. Forder, JR Powers, FJ Kay-Lambkin e DJ Loxton. "Predictors of antenatal alcohol use among Australian women: a prospective cohort study". BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 120, n. 11 (17 luglio 2013): 1366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.12356.

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Szabó, Marianna, Ian Maxwell, Mitchell L. Cunningham e Mark Seton. "Alcohol Use by Australian Actors and Performing Artists: A Preliminary Examination from the Australian Actors’ Wellbeing Study". Medical Problems of Performing Artists 35, n. 2 (1 giugno 2020): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2020.2012.

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BACKGROUND: Anecdotal and media reports suggest that actors and performing artists are vulnerable to high levels of alcohol use. However, little empirical research is available to document the extent and correlates of alcohol use amongst these artists, particularly in an Australian context. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated alcohol use in a sample of Australian actors and other performing artists and its associations with sociodemographic background, psychological wellbeing, and work stress. METHODS: An online survey was distributed to the Equity Foundation membership representing Australian actors and performing artists. The survey included questions on sociodemographic and occupational background and psychological wellbeing (DASS-21), as well as the AUDIT questionnaire to assess self-reported alcohol consumption. A sample of 620 performing artists responded to the survey, a large majority of whom were actors. RESULTS: Australian actors and performing artists appear to consume alcohol at levels that are higher than those found in the general Australian population. About 40% of men and 31% of women were classified as drinking alcohol at potentially harmful or hazardous levels. Alcohol use was not strongly associated with age, education, or income, but it had a relationship with poorer psychological wellbeing. About 50% of respondents reported that their alcohol drinking was related to work stress as a performer. This perception was more pronounced amongst those performers who reported drinking at harmful levels. CONCLUSIONS: Australian actors and performing artists appear to be an at-risk population for harmful or hazardous alcohol use.

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Dingle, Kaeleen, Rosa Alati, Alexandra Clavarino, Jake M. Najman e Gail M. Williams. "Pregnancy loss and psychiatric disorders in young women: an Australian birth cohort study". British Journal of Psychiatry 193, n. 6 (dicembre 2008): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.055079.

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BackgroundRecent evidence has linked induced abortion with later adverse psychiatric outcomes in young women.AimsTo examine whether abortion or miscarriage are associated with subsequent psychiatric and substance use disorders.MethodA sample (n=1223) of women from a cohort born between 1981 and 1984 in Australia were assessed at 21 years for psychiatric and substance use disorders and lifetime pregnancy histories.ResultsYoung women reporting a pregnancy loss had nearly three times the odds of experiencing a lifetime illicit drug disorder (excluding cannabis): abortion odds ratio (OR)=3.6 (95% CI 2.0–6.7) and miscarriage OR=2.6 (95% CI 1.2–5.4). Abortion was associated with alcohol use disorder (OR=2.1, 95% CI 1.3–3.5) and 12-month depression (OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.1).ConclusionsThese findings add to the growing body of evidence suggesting that pregnancy loss per se, whether abortion or miscarriage, increases the risk of a range of substance use disorders and affective disorders in young women.

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Symons, Martyn, Amy Finlay-Jones, Jennifer Meehan, Natalie Raymond e Rochelle Watkins. "Nurturing families: One year pilot outcomes for a modified Parent Child Assistance Program in Australia". PLOS Global Public Health 2, n. 8 (10 agosto 2022): e0000580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000580.

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Alcohol and Other Drug (AOD) exposure during pregnancy is linked to serious adverse child outcomes, including Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). The Parent-Child Assistance Program (PCAP) supports women with problematic AOD use, who are pregnant or have young children, and are not effectively engaging with services. PCAP has been shown to reduce alcohol exposed pregnancies, promote AOD abstinence, increase employment and family planning and improve child outcomes. This manuscript reports the first pilot evaluation of the PCAP program delivered in Australia. A pre-post-intervention repeated measures design was used. Eleven women receiving PCAP from a not-for-profit organisation were invited to take part in the study, with eight providing complete pre-post data. Home visitation case management was provided by trained and experienced case-managers. Clients were assisted to engage with existing services effectively to meet their own goals via a combination of relational theory, motivational interviewing and harm reduction concepts. The PCAP Modified Addiction Severity Index 5th Edition was adapted for use in Australia and was used to measure domains of addiction severity related problems as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included client satisfaction and program fidelity. There were significant changes in composite addiction severity scores from baseline to one year. 80% of participants had periods of abstinence of longer than four months. All clients had better connection to services, no subsequent AOD exposed pregnancies, and were highly satisfied with the program. Four had children returned to their care. Implementation was similar to the original PCAP program with major differences including case-managers relying on training manuals only without undertaking in-person training; being more experienced; providing more direct AOD counselling; and having less supervision. The findings will inform future program delivery and methodology for a larger longitudinal study assessing outcomes at program exit.

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Maloney, Elizabeth, Delyse Hutchinson, Lucy Burns, Richard P. Mattick e Emma Black. "Prevalence and Predictors of Alcohol Use in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Among Australian Women". Birth 38, n. 1 (4 gennaio 2011): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-536x.2010.00445.x.

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Wright, Cassandra J. C., Mia Miller, Emmanuel Kuntsche e Sandra Kuntsche. "‘What makes up wine o'clock? Understanding social practices involved in alcohol use among women aged 40–65 years in Australia". International Journal of Drug Policy 101 (marzo 2022): 103560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103560.

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Lynskey, Michael T., Elliot C. Nelson, Rosalind J. Neuman, Kathleen K. Bucholz, Pamela A. F. Madden, Valerie S. Knopik, Wendy Slutske, John B. Whitfield, Nicholas G. Martin e Andrew C. Heath. "Limitations of DSM-IV Operationalizations of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence in a Sample of Australian Twins". Twin Research and Human Genetics 8, n. 6 (1 dicembre 2005): 574–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.8.6.574.

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AbstractAlcohol abuse and dependence are among the most common psychiatric conditions identified in epidemiological surveys of the general population. The aim of this article is to examine the psychometric properties of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria for alcohol abuse and dependence using latent class analysis (LCA). Six thousand two hundred and sixty-five young Australian twins (median age 30 years) were interviewed by telephone between 1996 and 2000 using a modified version of the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA). DSM-IV symptoms of alcohol abuse and dependence were collected by structured diagnostic interview and analyzed using methods of LCA. LCA revealed a 4-class solution for women that classified individuals according to the severity of their alcohol- related problems: no/few problems (66.5%), heavy drinking (23.9%), moderate dependence (7.6%) and severe dependence (2.0%). Among men the preferred solution included 5 classes corresponding to no/few problems (46.4%), heavy drinking (34.3%), moderate dependence (12.2%), severe dependence (3.0%) and abuse (4.0%). Evidence of a male-specific class of alcohol-related problems corresponding to abuse partially supports the DSM conceptualization of alcohol use disorders but suggests that this conceptualization — and measurement — may need to be refined for women. Identification of a male- specific abuse class also has important implications for interventions and treatment as these individuals experienced significant alcohol-related problems and comprised approximately 21% of all men classified with an alcohol use disorder.

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Amos, Natalie, Adam Bourne, Adam O. Hill, Jennifer Power, Ruth McNair, Julie Mooney-Somers, Amy Pennay, Marina Carman e Anthony Lyons. "Alcohol and tobacco consumption among Australian sexual minority women: Patterns of use and service engagement". International Journal of Drug Policy 100 (febbraio 2022): 103516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103516.

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Lee, KS Kylie, Kaylie Harrison, Katherine Mills e Katherine M. Conigrave. "Needs of Aboriginal Australian women with comorbid mental and alcohol and other drug use disorders". Drug and Alcohol Review 33, n. 5 (25 marzo 2014): 473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dar.12127.

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Carey, Renee N., e Sonia El-Zaemey. "Lifestyle and occupational factors associated with participation in breast mammography screening among Western Australian women". Journal of Medical Screening 27, n. 2 (3 ottobre 2019): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141319878747.

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Objectives Various lifestyle and occupational factors have been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, but there is limited research investigating the relationship between these factors and participation in breast cancer screening. This study explores the associations between lifestyle and occupational factors and participation in breast mammography screening among women living in Western Australia. Methods This study involved 1705 women aged 40 and older who participated as controls in the Breast Cancer Environment and Employment Study conducted in Western Australia. Self-reported questionnaire data were collected on participation in mammography screening, demographic factors, and lifestyle and occupational variables (smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, body mass index, use of contraceptive pill and hormone replacement therapy, breastfeeding, occupation, and participation in shift work). Multivariate modified Poisson regression was used to identify variables associated with ever participation in breast mammography screening. Results Just over 88% of women reported having ever had a mammogram. Likelihood of having ever had a mammogram was higher among women who had ever used hormone replacement therapy (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.07). Women who worked in clerical occupations (aPR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.11) or home duties (aPR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.00–1.11) were also more likely to report having ever had a mammogram compared with those in professional or technical occupations. Conclusions Participation in mammography screening was found to differ by lifestyle and occupational factors. These results have important implications for public health strategies on improving screening participation.

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Kamlade, Paul. "Barium exposure of an invasive breast cancer cluster investigation – quantitative drinking water chemistry for carcinogen search". H2Open Journal 2, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2019): 168–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2019.016.

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Abstract Quantitative review of oral barium exposure was conducted using drinking water metals data from the confirmed sixfold (18-fold15–39 years) Brisbane Australia invasive breast cancer cluster (IBC) investigation, which also included fivefold duct carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The new approach here was to assess sub-guideline on-site water system barium fluctuations and use cancer slope factor (CSF) firstly to profile match barium as a carcinogen, then correlate risk. Dissolved barium was converting, up to 71%, into non-dissolved forms in the cluster location; with only up to 3% in a comparison location. A CSF of approximately 330 (mg L−1)−1 gave a chemistry-based number of women of 12, consistent with 14 originally (mostly IBC), less 2 per general population biostatistics. The comparison location gave null women numbers. One-woman IBC correlated to 0.0018 mg/L barium, comparable to the US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) 0.002 mg/L, 10−4 cancer risk for arsenic. The two- to fivefold San Diego USA IBC cluster had barium as the only metal in common with Brisbane; and, breast cancer alcohol risk factor fingered barium qualitatively. It is put that barium causes IBC and DCIS; proof submitted hereby to wider scrutiny. The relevant barium exposure was likely calcium coprecipitated.

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McDermott, Robyn, Sandra Campbell, Ming Li e Brad McCulloch. "The health and nutrition of young indigenous women in north Queensland – intergenerational implications of poor food quality, obesity, diabetes, tobacco smoking and alcohol use". Public Health Nutrition 12, n. 11 (11 giugno 2009): 2143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009005783.

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AbstractObjectiveTo document nutritional status and health behaviours of young indigenous women of childbearing age in rural communities in north Queensland.DesignCross-sectional survey of 424 Aboriginal and 232 Torres Strait Islander (TSI) women aged 15–34 years, conducted in twenty-three rural and remote communities of far north Queensland in 1999–2000, with follow-up of a smaller cohort (n132) in 2006–2007.Main outcome measuresWeight, waist circumference, intake of fruit and vegetables, smoking, alcohol intake, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, γ-glutamyltransferase, red cell folate (RCF), interval weight and waist gain and incidence of diabetes.ResultsForty-one per cent of Aboriginal and 69 % of TSI had central obesity, 62 % were smokers, 71 % drank alcohol regularly and of those, 60 % did so at harmful levels. One third of Aboriginal and 16 % of TSI women had very low RCF levels. In the group followed up, there was a mean annual waist gain of 1·6 cm in Aboriginal women and 1·2 cm in TSI, 0·5 kg/m2in BMI and 1·5 kg in weight. Incidence of new type 2 diabetes mellitus in this cohort was 29·1 per 1000 person-years (py) (95 % CI 14·0, 52·8) in Aboriginal women and 13·9 per 1000 py (95 % CI 5·6, 28·5) among TSI.ConclusionsHigh prevalence and incidence of central obesity and diabetes, poor nutrition, high rates of alcohol use and tobacco smoking together with young maternal age, provide a poor intra-uterine environment for many indigenous Australian babies, and contribute to high perinatal morbidity and future disability. Community level interventions to improve pre-pregnancy nutrition and health behaviours in young women are urgent.

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Bell, Robin J., Marijana Lijovic, Pamela Fradkin, Max Schwarz e Susan R. Davis. "Changes in patterns of use of cigarettes and alcohol in women after a first diagnosis of invasive breast cancer: a cohort study of women from Victoria, Australia". Supportive Care in Cancer 20, n. 4 (9 aprile 2011): 783–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-011-1150-8.

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Rice, Lauren J., Tracey W. Tsang, Emily Carter, Marmingee Hand, Jadnah Davies, Sue Thomas, Eric Bedford et al. "Bigiswun Kid Project: a longitudinal study of adolescents living with high rates of prenatal alcohol exposure, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and early life trauma in remote Australian Aboriginal communities". BMJ Open 12, n. 4 (aprile 2022): e058111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058111.

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IntroductionThe Lililwan Project was the first Australian population-based prevalence study of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) using active case ascertainment. Conducted in 2010–2011, the study included 95% of all eligible children aged 7–9 years living in the very remote Aboriginal communities of the Fitzroy Valley, Western Australia. Women from Marninwarntikura Women’s Resource Centre, a local Aboriginal-led organisation, are concerned that some participants from the study are struggling in adolescence so partnered with researchers from the University of Sydney to follow up the Lililwan cohort in 2020–2022 at age 17–19 years.The overarching aim of the Bigiswun Kid Project is to identify adolescents’ needs and build knowledge to inform services to improve the health and well-being of adolescents in remote Aboriginal communities. The specific aims are to: (1) provide a voice to adolescents and their families to understand the health and well-being status of the Lililwan cohort at 17–19 years. (2) Examine relationships between exposures during pregnancy, birth characteristics, and health and neurodevelopment at 7–9 years, and positive/adverse adolescent outcomes at 17–19 years. This information will identify prenatal and early life factors that predict good health and well-being in adolescence. (3) Determine whether management plans provided in the Lililwan Project were followed, and identify past and present service gaps, support needs and barriers to service use. (4) Determine if key physical characteristics of FASD change between childhood and adolescence in this Aboriginal population.Ethics and disseminationApproved by the Kimberley Aboriginal Health Planning Forum and relevant ethics committees.

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FLEMING, JILLIAN. "The epidemiology of alcohol use in Australian women: findings from a national survey of women's drinking". Addiction 91, n. 9 (settembre 1996): 1325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1996.tb03618.x.

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Loxton, Deborah, Catherine Chojenta, Amy E. Anderson, Jennifer R. Powers, Anthony Shakeshaft e Lucy Burns. "Acquisition and Utilization of Information About Alcohol Use in Pregnancy Among Australian Pregnant Women and Service Providers". Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health 58, n. 5 (settembre 2013): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.12014.

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Dare, Julie, Celia Wilkinson, Line Traumer, Kathrine H. Kusk, Marie‐Louise McDermott, Lynsey Uridge e Mette Grønkjær. "“Women of my age tend to drink”: the social construction of alcohol use by Australian and Danish women aged 50–70 years". Sociology of Health & Illness 42, n. 1 (19 settembre 2019): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.12991.

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Hegarty, Kelsey L., Lorna O'Doherty, Jill Astbury e Jane Gunn. "Identifying intimate partner violence when screening for health and lifestyle issues among women attending general practice". Australian Journal of Primary Health 18, n. 4 (2012): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py11101.

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Intimate partner violence is a common but under-recognised issue for women attending primary care. There is a lack of studies looking at women’s comfort to discuss and openness to getting help for health issues, including fear of a partner, in primary care. Female patients (aged 16–50 years) attending 55 general practitioners (GPs) in Victoria, Australia were mailed a brief survey that screened for health and lifestyle issues, comfort to discuss these issues and intention to get help in primary care. Needing physical activity and smoking were the issues women were most comfortable to discuss; followed by difficulty controlling what and/or how much is eaten, feeling down, depressed, hopeless or worried, and use of drugs or alcohol. Women were least comfortable to discuss fear of a partner and least likely to seek help for it from the GP or primary care nurse. However, as with the other issues, acceptability of being asked in a survey was high. All health and lifestyle issues predicted fear of a partner. Primary care practitioners should be aware of this complex major public health issue especially when carrying out preventive health care.

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Ekram, A. R. M. Saifuddin, Joanne Ryan, Sara Espinoza, Anne Murray, Michael Ernst e Robyn Woods. "Factors Associated with Frailty Status in Relatively Healthy Community-Dwelling Older Adults". Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (1 dicembre 2020): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1579.

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Abstract Frailty is gaining importance as a predictor of disability and mortality in older people, and becoming frail poses a challenge for healthy aging. We investigated the prevalence and factors associated with pre-frail and frail status in a large study cohort of community-dwelling healthy older adults from Australia and the United States. A total of 19,114 individuals (87% Australian and 56% women) aged 65 years or older enrolled in a primary prevention clinical trial were evaluated. Frailty status was classified using the modified Fried phenotype criteria comprising of exhaustion, body mass index, grip strength, gait speed and physical activity. Prevalence and factors associated with frailty status (e.g. demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors) were reported using descriptive statistics along with a logistic regression model. At baseline, 2.3 % (95% CI, 2.1-2.5) of older trial participants were frail and 39.2% (95% CI, 38.5-39.9) were pre-frail, respectively. Women were more likely to be frail (65.1% vs 36.9%) and prefrail (58.0% vs 42.0%) than men. Lower levels of education (<12 years), living alone, ethnic minorities, current smoking and past alcohol use were some of the factors which were common among frail or prefrail. Despite being a relatively healthy cohort, more than one-third of the older trial participants were pre-frail, which was more prevalent among specific subgroups of individuals. This study emphasizes the high burden of the prefrailty status even among an apparently healthy cohort of community-dwelling older people.

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Shagar, Pravina Santhira, Caroline L. Donovan, Jennifer Boddy, Caley Tapp, Patricia Lee e Neil Harris. "Body Dissatisfaction, Weight-Related Behaviours, and Health Behaviours: A Comparison Between Australian and Malaysian in Female Emerging Adults". Behaviour Change 38, n. 3 (1 luglio 2021): 148–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2021.9.

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AbstractThe presence of body dissatisfaction (BD) in non-Western countries is an important area of empirical enquiry. The results reflect collectivistic and individualistic cultures of Malaysians and Australians, respectively, whereby social approval, social acceptance, and cultural values are of high importance to Malaysians compared with the more liberal attitudes of Australians with respect to health behaviours. This study sought to compare: (1) Australian and Malaysian women on BD, thin ideal internalisation, sociocultural influences, problematic weight-related behaviours, and health behaviours; and (2) the degree to which BD is associated with health behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, and sexual behaviours) across the two cultures. Participants were 428 Australian females and 402 Malaysian females aged 18–25 years old. Australians had higher BD, thin ideal internalisation, family and media influences, restrained eating, and poorer health behaviours, while Malaysians had higher peer influence. There was no difference for bulimic behaviours across the two countries. BD was found to have an association with use of drugs, smoking, and sexual behaviours among Malaysian women, but not for Australian participants. The permeation of Western standards of the thin ideal due to increased industrialisation, Westernisation, and modernisation has brought about bulimic behaviours in Malaysian women, similar to that of Australian women.

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Forbes, Miriam K., Julianne C. Flanagan, Emma L. Barrett, Erica Crome, Andrew J. Baillie, Katherine L. Mills e Maree Teesson. "Smoking, posttraumatic stress disorder, and alcohol use disorders in a nationally representative sample of Australian men and women". Drug and Alcohol Dependence 156 (novembre 2015): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.09.007.

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Miller-Lewis, Lauren R., Tracey D. Wade e Christina Lee. "Risk factors for pregnancy and childbearing in single young women: Evidence from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health". International Journal of Behavioral Development 29, n. 4 (luglio 2005): 292–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01650250544000071.

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This study investigated psychosocial predictors of early pregnancy and childbearing in single young women, consistent with the Eriksonian developmental perspective. Two mail-out surveys assessing reproductive behaviour and sociodemographic, education/competence, psychosocial well-being, and aspiration factors were completed 4 years apart by 2635 young women, aged 18 to 20 when first surveyed. Young women in the “emerging adulthood” developmental period were selected from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Longitudinally, lower investment in education over low-status paid work, experiencing unemployment, greater psychosocial distress, stress and alcohol use, and high family aspirations combined with low vocational aspirations were risk factors for early single pregnancy and childbearing. Several mediational relationships also existed between these predictor variables. It was concluded that psychosocial factors play an important role in understanding early pregnancy and childbearing in single young Australian women, and that the findings provide some support for investigating early pregnancy and childbearing from an Eriksonian developmental perspective.

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Durey, Angela, Susan Kaye Lee, Bola Adebayo e Linda Slack-Smith. "Building oral health capacity in a women's health service". Australian Journal of Primary Health 24, n. 5 (2018): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py17102.

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Adult women in Australia are more likely than men to have no teeth, more missing teeth or have a dental hospital admission. Experiences of war, family and domestic violence, mental health or alcohol and other drug use problems may also negatively affect women’s oral health. Yet, oral health is often excluded from primary healthcare. Little is known about what helps or inhibits primary healthcare service workers to promote oral health to women in need. Identifying the perceptions and experiences of such workers is a step towards a strategy to develop resources to support them in raising oral health issues with disadvantaged clients. This paper presents findings from a qualitative study conducted at a community-based women’s health service, which used focus groups to investigate workers’ perceptions of promoting oral health and accessing services for their clients. Findings indicated how structural issues informed oral healthcare, where workers generally did not consider oral health their responsibility, were reluctant to raise the issue with clients and had limited oral health knowledge and resources. To overcome these barriers, workers identified the need for oral health resources and better linkages to the dental system to help support their clients.

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Jackson, Melissa A., Amanda L. Brown, Amanda L. Baker, Gillian S. Gould e Adrian J. Dunlop. "The Incentives to Quit tobacco in Pregnancy (IQuiP) protocol: piloting a financial incentive-based smoking treatment for women attending substance use in pregnancy antenatal services". BMJ Open 9, n. 11 (novembre 2019): e032330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032330.

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IntroductionWhile tobacco smoking prevalence is falling in many western societies, it remains elevated among high-priority cohorts. Rates up to 95% have been reported in women whose pregnancy is complicated by other substance use. In this group, the potential for poor pregnancy outcomes and adverse physical and neurobiological fetal development are elevated by tobacco smoking. Unfortunately, few targeted and effective tobacco dependence treatments exist to assist cessation in this population. The study will trial an evidence-based, multicomponent tobacco smoking treatment tailored to pregnant women who use other substances. The intervention comprises financial incentives for biochemically verified abstinence, psychotherapy delivered by drug and alcohol counsellors, and nicotine replacement therapy. It will be piloted at three government-based, primary healthcare facilities in New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria, Australia. The study will assess the feasibility and acceptability of the treatment when integrated into routine antenatal care offered by substance use in pregnancy antenatal services.Methods and analysisThe study will use a single-arm design with pre–post comparisons. One hundred clients will be recruited from antenatal clinics with a substance use in pregnancy service. Women must be <33 weeks’ gestation, ≥16 years old and a current tobacco smoker. The primary outcomes are feasibility, assessed by recruitment and retention and the acceptability of addressing smoking among this population. Secondary outcomes include changes in smoking behaviours, the comparison of adverse maternal outcomes and neonatal characteristics to those of a historical control group, and a cost-consequence analysis of the intervention implementation.Ethics and disseminationProtocol approval was granted by Hunter New England Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference 17/04/12/4.05), with additional ethical approval sought from the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of NSW (Reference 1249/17). Findings will be disseminated via academic conferences, peer-reviewed publications and social media.Trial registration numberAustralia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (Ref: ACTRN12618000576224).

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McCutcheon, V. V., J. D. Grant, A. C. Heath, K. K. Bucholz, C. E. Sartor, E. C. Nelson, P. A. F. Madden e N. G. Martin. "Environmental influences predominate in remission from alcohol use disorder in young adult twins". Psychological Medicine 42, n. 11 (16 marzo 2012): 2421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329171200044x.

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BackgroundFamilial influences on remission from alcohol use disorder (AUD) have been studied using family history of AUD rather than family history of remission. The current study used a remission phenotype in a twin sample to examine the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences to remission.MethodThe sample comprised 6183 twins with an average age of 30 years from the Australian Twin Registry. Lifetime history of alcohol abuse and dependence symptoms and symptom recency were assessed with a structured telephone interview. AUD was defined broadly and narrowly as history of two or more or three or more abuse or dependence symptoms. Remission was defined as absence of symptoms at time of interview among individuals with lifetime AUD. Standard bivariate genetic analyses were conducted to derive estimates of genetic and environmental influences on AUD and remission.ResultsEnvironmental influences alone accounted for remission in males and for 89% of influences on remission in females, with 11% due to genetic influences shared with AUD, which decreased the likelihood of remission. For women, more than 80% of influences on remission were distinct from influences on AUD, and environmental influences were from individual experiences only. For men, just over 50% of influences on remission were distinct from those on AUD, and the influence of environments shared with the co-twin were substantial. The results for the broad and narrow phenotypes were similar.ConclusionsThe current study establishes young adult remission as a phenotype distinct from AUD and highlights the importance of environmental influences on remission.

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Hodge, Allison, Osvaldo P. Almeida, Dallas R. English, Graham G. Giles e Leon Flicker. "Patterns of dietary intake and psychological distress in older Australians: benefits not just from a Mediterranean diet". International Psychogeriatrics 25, n. 3 (3 dicembre 2012): 456–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610212001986.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Anxiety and depression contribute to morbidity in elderly adults and may be associated with diet. We investigated the association between diet and psychological distress as a marker for depression.Methods: Dietary patterns were defined by factor analysis or the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS); depression and anxiety were assessed 12 years later. A total of 8,660 generally healthy men and women born in Australia and aged 50–69 years from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study were included. At baseline (1990–1994), diet (food frequency questionnaire), education, Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) – Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage, medication use, social engagement, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol use, and health conditions were assessed; at follow-up (2003–2007), psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Logistic regression was used to identify associations between diet and a K10 score ≥20, indicative of psychological distress.Results: The MDS was inversely associated with psychological distress, with the odds ratio in the top-scoring group relative to the lowest scoring group being 0.72 (95% confidence interval = 0.54–0.95). Stronger adherence to a traditional Australian-style eating pattern was also associated with a lower K10 score at follow-up, with the odds ratio for having a K10 score indicative of psychological distress for the top 20% of adherence to this pattern relative to the lowest being 0.61 (95% confidence interval = 0.40–0.91).Conclusions: A Mediterranean-style diet was associated with less psychological distress, possibly through provision of a healthy nutrient profile. The Australian dietary pattern, which included some foods high in fat and sugar content along with whole foods, also showed a weak inverse association. Adherence to this pattern may reflect a feeling of belonging to the community associated with less psychological distress.

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Nguyen, Tu Q., Pamela M. Simpson e Belinda J. Gabbe. "The prevalence of pre-existing mental health, drug and alcohol conditions in major trauma patients". Australian Health Review 41, n. 3 (2017): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah16050.

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Objective Capturing information about mental health, drug and alcohol conditions in injury datasets is important for improving understanding of injury risk and outcome. This study describes the prevalence of pre-existing mental health, drug and alcohol conditions in major trauma patients based on routine discharge data coding. Methods Data were extracted from the population-based Victorian State Trauma Registry (July 2005 to June 2013, n = 16 096). Results Seventeen percent of major trauma patients had at least one mental health condition compared with the Australian population prevalence of 21%. The prevalence of mental health conditions was similar to the Australian population prevalence in men (19% v. 18%), but lower in women (14% v. 25%) and across all age groups. Mental health conditions were more prevalent in intentional self-harm cases (56.3%) compared with unintentional (13.8%) or other intentional (31.2%) cases. Substance use disorders were more prevalent in major trauma patients than the general population (15% v. 5%), higher in men than women (17% v. 10%) and was highest in young people aged 25–34 years (24%). Conclusions Under-reporting of mental health conditions in hospital discharge data appears likely, reducing the capacity to characterise the injury population. Further validation is needed. What is known about the topic? Medical record review, routine hospital discharge data and self-report have been used by studies previously to characterise mental health, drug and alcohol conditions in injured populations, with medical record review considered the most accurate and reliance on self-report measures being considered at risk of recall bias. The use of routinely collected data sources provides an efficient and standardised method of characterising pre-existing conditions, but may underestimate the true prevalence of conditions. What does this paper add? No study to date has explored the prevalence of Abbreviated Injury Scale and International Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification (ICD-10-a.m)-coded mental health, alcohol and drug conditions in seriously injured populations. The results of this study show the incidence of mental health conditions appeared to be under-reported in major trauma patients, suggesting limitations in the use of ICD-10-a.m. to measure mental health comorbidities. What are the implications for practitioners? In order to achieve improvements in measuring mental health, drug and alcohol comorbidities, we suggest the use of a series of different diagnostic systems to be used in conjunction with ICD-10-a.m., such as medical record review and self-reporting as well as linkage to other datasets. When applied simultaneously, diagnosis and outcomes of mental health may be compared and validated across diagnostic systems and deviations in diagnoses could be more readily accounted for.

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Cooper, Jae, Serafino G. Mancuso, Ron Borland, Tim Slade, Cherrie Galletly e David Castle. "Tobacco smoking among people living with a psychotic illness: The second Australian survey of psychosis". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 46, n. 9 (29 maggio 2012): 851–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867412449876.

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Objective: The aims of this study were to (a) describe patterns of tobacco smoking among Australians living with a psychotic illness and (b) explore the association between smoking and measures of psychopathology, psychiatric history, psychosocial functioning, physical health, substance use and demographic characteristics. Methods: Data were from 1812 participants in the 2010 Australian Survey of High Impact Psychosis. Participants were aged 18–64 years and resided in seven mental health catchment sites across five states of Australia. Bivariate statistics were used to compare smokers with non-smokers on the measures of interest, and to compare ICD-10 diagnostic categories on measures of smoking prevalence, nicotine addiction and quitting history. Multivariate logistic regression was used to test whether (a) demographics and psychiatric history were associated with having ever smoked and (b) whether symptoms and psychosocial functioning were independently associated with current smoking, after controlling for demographics, psychiatric history and substance use. Results: The prevalence of current tobacco smoking was 66.6% (72% of men and 59% of women); lifetime prevalence was 81%. In univariate analyses, individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were most likely to be smoking tobacco (70%) and were more nicotine dependent. Smokers reported worse perceived physical health, lower body mass index and waist circumference, and more lifetime medical conditions. A younger age of illness onset, male gender and low education were associated with having ever smoked. Associations with current smoking included low education, male gender, no formal employment, worse negative symptoms, higher daily caffeine consumption, and alcohol dependence and substance abuse/dependence. Conclusions: The prevalence of tobacco smoking is high amongst people with a psychotic disorder, and is associated with adverse mental health symptoms as well as high rates of other substance use, poorer subjective physical health, and a higher risk of the many known health consequences of smoking.

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Hill, Briony, Mamaru A. Awoke, Heidi Bergmeier, Lisa J. Moran, Gita D. Mishra e Helen Skouteris. "Lifestyle and Psychological Factors of Women with Pregnancy Intentions Who Become Pregnant: Analysis of a Longitudinal Cohort of Australian Women". Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, n. 4 (12 febbraio 2021): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040725.

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Preconception lifestyle and psychological factors are associated with maternal and offspring outcomes. Both are important considerations for women planning pregnancy. The aim of this study was to explore associations between lifestyle/psychological factors and long-term pregnancy intentions in women who go on to become pregnant. Data from the cohort born 1973–1978 from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women’s Health were utilised. Women were included if they had a new pregnancy occurring between Waves 3 and 5, resulting in 2203 women for analysis. Long-term pregnancy intentions (aspirations for children in 5–10 years), demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle (sedentary behaviour, physical activity, diet quality, smoking, alcohol use), and psychological factors (depression, anxiety, stress) were assessed at Wave 3. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to evaluate the associations between pregnancy intentions and lifestyle/psychological factors, adjusting for other explanatory variables. Younger age and being married were associated positively with pregnancy intentions, while living with obesity was associated negatively with pregnancy intentions. No lifestyle or psychological factors were significantly associated with pregnancy intentions. Our findings highlight potential opportunities to identify women who have longer-term pregnancy intentions during clinical care, offering a pivotal moment for preconception care relating to lifestyle health, psychological wellbeing, and family planning.

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Bourke-Taylor, Helen, Aislinn Lalor, Louise Farnworth, Julie F. Pallant, Elizabeth Knightbridge e Gayle McLelland. "Investigation of the self-reported health and health-related behaviours of Victorian mothers of school-aged children". Australian Journal of Primary Health 21, n. 1 (2015): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py13056.

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Lifestyle may influence many health-related issues currently facing Australian women. The extent to which women with school-aged children attend to their own health is unknown and the associations between health behaviours and health status requires investigation. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of health behaviours (alcohol consumption, health-promoting activities) and their impact on self-reported health (weight, sleep quality, mental health) among mothers of school-aged children in Victoria. Mail-out survey design (n = 263) including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) and Health Promoting Activities Scale was used to explore issues. The results indicated that substantial numbers of mothers reported moderate to extreme DASS scores: depression (n = 45, 17%); anxiety (n = 41, 15.6%); stress (n = 57, 21.7%). The majority participated in physical activity less often than daily. High rates of daily alcohol use (20%) and poor sleep quality were reported. Nearly one-half (n = 114, 46%) of the sample were overweight or obese and also reported poorer mental health than other women in the sample (P < 0.001). Significant associations were detected between maternal weight, mental health and participation in health-promoting activities. The findings indicate that there is a need for increased health education and services for women with school-aged children. Direct services and population-based health promotion strategies may be required to address healthy lifestyle issues and educate mothers about the possible health legacy of poor health behaviours.

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Grønkjær, Mette, Julie Dare, Kathrine Hoffmann Kusk, Line Traumer, Lynsey Uridge e Celia Wilkinson. "Social context, interaction and expectation play a role in alcohol use amongst Australian and Danish women aged 50 to 70 years". Health Care for Women International 41, n. 9 (1 settembre 2020): 1059–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2020.1803325.

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Slutske, Wendy S., Jarrod M. Ellingson, Leah S. Richmond-Rakerd, Gu Zhu e Nicholas G. Martin. "Shared Genetic Vulnerability for Disordered Gambling and Alcohol Use Disorder in Men and Women: Evidence from a National Community-Based Australian Twin Study". Twin Research and Human Genetics 16, n. 2 (25 marzo 2013): 525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2013.11.

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Disordered gambling (DG) will soon be included along with the substance use disorders in a revised diagnostic category of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5 called ‘Substance Use and Addictive Disorders’. This was premised in part on the common etiologies of DG and the substance use disorders. Using data from the national community-based Australian Twin Registry, we used biometric model fitting to examine the extent to which the genetic liabilities for DG and alcohol use disorder (AUD) were shared, and whether this differed for men and women. The effect of using categorical versus dimensional DG and AUD phenotypes was explored, as was the effect of using diagnoses based on the DSM-IV and the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. The genetic correlations between DG and AUD ranged from 0.29 to 0.44. There was a significantly larger genetic correlation between DG and AUD among men than women when using dimensional phenotypes. Overall, about one-half to two-thirds of the association between DG and AUD was due to a shared genetic vulnerability. This study represents one of the few empirical demonstrations of an overlap in the genetic risk for DG and another substance-related addictive disorder. More research is needed on the genetic overlap between DG and other substance use disorders, as well as the genetic overlap between DG and other (non-substance-related) psychiatric disorders.

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49

Bessant, Judith. "Habit and habitat: Housing, government policy, drugs, and pregnant women". Australian Journal of Primary Health 10, n. 2 (2004): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py04021.

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In this paper I report on young drug-dependent pregnant women, their housing needs, and the effectiveness of policies and services designed to meet their needs. The research on which this paper is based is part of an Australian Housing Urban Research Institute project. Most of the material used in this article comes from the City of Yarra, where we interviewed poly-drug users to explore how different kinds of accommodation options (from secure private or public housing through to insecure housing to no accommodation options other than squats or ?sleeping out?) impact on interviewees? capacity to participate in various socioeconomic and cultural activities. The primary research question asked is whether or not government policies and programs complement and support each other or whether they work against each other in respect to young homeless pregnant drug users. A series of vignettes are presented to answer this question, and they reveal how housing and related services that pregnant women need to use frequently overlook their multiple needs. This can range from services offering support in the areas of drug and alcohol, to financial and legal issues, to domestic and family violence matters, to health and disability problems. When a pregnant woman decides to manage her drug use better, she usually faces a number of barriers. An exploration of those barriers takes us into discussions about the general shortage of appropriate housing, the constraints she experiences in the private rental market, and how particular administrative requirements cause difficulties for the pregnant women (i.e., housing acceptance deadlines). Long waiting lists for supported accommodation and public housing along with policies like ?zero-tolerance? drug regulations exclude these women from shelters. In the final section of the paper, the issues of stigma and shame are considered along with the way in which drug use, pregnancy and housing shortages lead to child protection interventions and often loss of custody. My finding is that despite officially declared commitments to a ?whole of government approach?, as opposed to ?a silo approach?, departments and agencies frequently work in isolation from each other, and indeed often against each other.

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Fletcher, Ashley, Marissa Lassere, Lyn March, Catherine Hill, Graeme Carroll, Claire Barrett e Rachelle Buchbinder. "Oral Complementary Medicine Use among People with Inflammatory Arthritis: An Australian Rheumatology Association Database Analysis". International Journal of Rheumatology 2020 (5 giugno 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6542965.

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Objectives. To describe oral complementary medicine (CM) use in people with inflammatory arthritis, associations with use, and changes in use over time. Methods. Demographic, clinical, and patient-reported outcome data from 5,630 participants with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) were extracted from the Australian Rheumatology Association Database (ARAD), a national observational database. CM use at entry into ARAD was ascertained for participants recruited between 2002 and 2018. CM was categorised according to the NIH/Cochrane schema (fatty acids, herbs, or supplements). Logistic regression was used to assess associations between demographic characteristics and CM use. Change in CM use between 2006 and 2016 was investigated using a nonparametric test for trend of rate by year. Results. 2,156 (38.3%) ARAD participants were taking CM at enrolment (RA: 1,502/3,960 (37.9%), AS: 281/736 (38.2%), PsA: 334/749 (44.6%), and JIA: 39/185 (21.1%)). CM use was more prevalent in women (OR 1.3; 95% CI: 1.13-1.50), those with tertiary education (OR 1.32; 95% CI: 1.13-1.55), private health insurance (OR 1.26; (95% CI: 1.10-1.44), drinking alcohol sometimes (OR 1.22; 95% CI: 1.05-1.43), poorer function (HAQ) (OR 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02-1.24), use of NSAID (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.17-1.50), weak (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.05-1.41) but not strong opioids, and less prevalent in current smokers (OR 0.76; 95%: CI 0.63-0.91). CM use was not associated with pain, disease activity, or quality of life. The most common CMs were fish oils (N=1,489 users) followed by glucosamine (N=605). Both declined in use over time between 2006 and 2016 (27.5% to 21.4%, trend p=0.85 and 15.5% to 6.4%, trend p<0.01), respectively. Conclusion. Oral CM use is common among Australians with inflammatory arthritis. Its use is greater among women and those with tertiary education. Fish oil and glucosamine, the most common CMs, both declined in use over time.

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