Bibliografie tematiche / Wind turbines

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Wind turbines"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 31 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Wind turbines"

Annoni, Jennifer, Christopher Bay, Kathryn Johnson, Emiliano Dall'Anese, Eliot Quon, Travis Kemper e Paul Fleming. "Wind direction estimation using SCADA data with consensus-based optimization". Wind Energy Science 4, n. 2 (20 giugno 2019): 355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-355-2019.

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Abstract. Wind turbines in a wind farm typically operate individually to maximize their own performance and do not take into account information from nearby turbines. To enable cooperation to achieve farm-level objectives, turbines will need to use information from nearby turbines to optimize performance, ensure resiliency when other sensors fail, and adapt to changing local conditions. A key element of achieving a more efficient wind farm is to develop algorithms that ensure reliable, robust, real-time, and efficient operation of wind turbines in a wind farm using local sensor information that is already being collected, such as supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data, local meteorological stations, and nearby radars/sodars/lidars. This article presents a framework for developing a cooperative wind farm that incorporates information from nearby turbines in real time to better align turbines in a wind farm. SCADA data from multiple turbines can be used to make better estimates of the local inflow conditions at each individual turbine. By incorporating measurements from multiple nearby turbines, a more reliable estimate of the wind direction can be obtained at an individual turbine. The consensus-based approach presented in this paper uses information from nearby turbines to estimate wind direction in an iterative way rather than aggregating all the data in a wind farm at once. Results indicate that this estimate of the wind direction can be used to improve the turbine's knowledge of the wind direction. This estimated wind direction signal has implications for potentially decreasing dynamic yaw misalignment, decreasing the amount of time a turbine spends yawing due to a more reliable input to the yaw controller, increasing resiliency to faulty wind-vane measurements, and increasing the potential for wind farm control strategies such as wake steering.

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Chung, P. D. "Evaluation of Reactive Power Support Capability of Wind Turbines". Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, n. 1 (3 febbraio 2020): 5211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3260.

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Reactive power plays an important role in the operation of power systems, especially in the case of wind energy integration. This paper aims to evaluate the reactive power support capability of wind turbines in both normal and voltage sag conditions. The three 2MW wind turbines studied are a fixed speed wind turbine and two variable speed wind turbines with full-scale and power-scale power converters. Comparison results indicate that at normal operation, the fixed speed wind turbine with a static synchronous compensator is able to consume the highest reactive power, while the variable speed wind turbine with full-scale power converter can supply the highest reactive power. In case of low voltage, the fixed speed wind turbine with the static synchronous compensator can support the highest reactive power if the static synchronous compensator’s capacity is similar to the wind turbine’s capacity, while if its capacity is equal to 25% of the generator’s capacity, the variable speed wind turbine with full-scale power converter has the best performance.

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Ackshaya Varshini, K. S., Alenkar K. Aswin, H. Rajan e K. S. Maanav Charan. "Concept design and numerical analysis of hybrid solar–wind turbine". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 850, n. 1 (1 novembre 2021): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/850/1/012032.

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Abstract A wind turbine is a device that converts wind energy to electrical energy. External factors such as wind speed and direction shift, as well as turbine blade design considerations, cause a significant amount of energy to be wasted throughout the conversion process. Considering all these losses, a turbine’s average efficiency is roughly 45 percent. The blades of a wind turbine are one of the most crucial factors in determining the turbine’s efficiency. The design and geometry of the blades have a direct impact on performance since it determines how much kinetic energy from the wind is converted into mechanical energy. Many concepts and technologies are being used to improve the efficiency of wind turbines while lowering their maintenance costs. Wind turbines based on their axis orientation are classified as vertical axis and horizontal axis. Vertical axis wind turbines are not as widespread as their horizontal-axis counterparts due to their lower efficiency. In this study, we will use a Savonius vertical axis wind turbine to investigate a way of enhancing its efficiency by installing solar panels on its vertical blades and determining the best performance angle at which the turbine should be kept achieving maximum efficiency. Computation fluid dynamic analysis and thermal and structural analysis has been performed to check the efficiency of the designed blade. As a result, an optimized wind turbine design has been developed.

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Tian, Wenxin, Hao Tie, Shitang Ke, Jiawei Wan, Xiuyong Zhao, Yuze Zhao, Lidong Zhang e Sheng Wang. "Numerical Investigation of the Influence of the Wake of Wind Turbines with Different Scales Based on OpenFOAM". Applied Sciences 12, n. 19 (25 settembre 2022): 9624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199624.

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The wake of a wind turbine has an important influence on the output power of wind farms. Staggered height layout is an emerging method for the layout optimization of wind farms. In order to study the effect of a staggered height layout on the overall power output of wind farms in depth, we established a combination of two large wind turbines and three small wind turbines arranged laterally between the two large wind turbines, and set four working conditions with different distances between the small wind turbines and the downstream large wind turbines as the research objects. The wind turbine array is analyzed by numerical simulation The layouts add three small wind turbines between the two large wind turbines, and each row of small wind turbines has a different distance from the downstream large wind turbines. The results show that as the distance from the upstream large wind turbine increases, the power of the three small wind turbines on the downstream wind turbine tends to be positive. The numerical simulation suggests that under the inflow wind speed, the closer to the downstream large wind turbine, the higher the wind speed is at the hub height.

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Khudri Johari, Muhd, Muhammad Azim A Jalil e Mohammad Faizal Mohd Shariff. "Comparison of horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) and vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT)". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n. 4.13 (9 ottobre 2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.13.21333.

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As the demand for green technology is rising rapidly worldwide, it is important that Malaysian researchers take advantage of Malaysia’s windy climates and areas to initiate more power generation projects using wind. The main objectives of this study are to build a functional wind turbine and to compare the performance of two types of design for wind turbine under different speeds and behaviours of the wind. A three-blade horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) and a Darrieus-type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) have been designed with CATIA software and constructed using a 3D-printing method. Both wind turbines have undergone series of tests before the voltage and current output from the wind turbines are collected. The result of the test is used to compare the performance of both wind turbines that will imply which design has the best efficiency and performance for Malaysia’s tropical climate. While HAWT can generate higher voltage (up to 8.99 V at one point), it decreases back to 0 V when the wind angle changes. VAWT, however, can generate lower voltage (1.4 V) but changes in the wind angle does not affect its voltage output at all. The analysis has proven that VAWT is significantly more efficient to be built and utilized for Malaysia’s tropical and windy climates. This is also an initiative project to gauge the possibility of building wind turbines, which could be built on the extensive and windy areas surrounding Malaysian airports.

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Armengol Barcos, Guillem, e Fernando Porté-Agel. "Enhancing Wind Farm Performance through Axial Induction and Tilt Control: Insights from Wind Tunnel Experiments". Energies 17, n. 1 (29 dicembre 2023): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17010203.

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Static axial induction control and tilt control are two strategies that have the potential to increase power production in wind farms, mitigating wake effects and increasing the available power for downstream turbines. In this study, wind tunnel experiments are performed to evaluate the efficiency of these two techniques. First, the axial induction of upstream turbines in wind farms comprising two, three, and five turbines is modified through the tip-speed ratio. This strategy is found to be ineffective in increasing power extraction. Next, the power extraction and flow through a two-turbine wind farm are evaluated, considering different tilt angles for the upstream turbine, under two levels of incoming flow turbulence intensities and turbine spacing distances. It is shown that forward tilting increases the overall power extraction by deflecting the wake downwards and promoting the entrainment of high-speed fluid in the upper shear layer, regardless of the turbine spacing distance and turbulence intensity level. Also, the wake is seen to recover faster due to the increased shear between the wake and the outer flow. Tilting a turbine backward deflects the wake upwards and pulls low-speed flow from under the turbine into the wake space, increasing the available power for downstream turbines, but it is not enough to increase global power extraction. Moreover, since the wake deflection under backward tilting is not limited by ground blockage, it leads to larger secondary steering compared with forward tilting. Finally, it is demonstrated that the secondary steering of the downstream turbine’s wake influences the flow encountered by a turbine positioned farther downstream.

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Kryltcov, Sergei, e Sergei Solovev. "Efficient wind energy generation within Arctic latitudes". E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019): 11005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914011005.

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The paper addresses approaches to increasing the efficiency of wind turbines operating in autonomous mode in Arctic regions. Such type of wind turbine operation is related to fluctuations of the generated power, that negatively affects grid power quality. The increase of wind turbines efficiency is achieved by the utilization of current reserve of power converter, which is a necessary part of megawatts-sized wind energy generation unit. The developed Simulink model of the wind turbines, built according to two of the most suitable for megawatts-level power generation topologies, was used to determine their power output depending on the wind turbine’s rotor speed and the wind speed. Obtained power profile was then used to determine the amount of free current reserve depending on the wind speed, which has verified the ability of both wind turbine topologies to efficiently improve grid power quality, therefore leading to reduction or absence of the necessity to install additional power equipment for the compensation purpose.

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Gutierrez, Walter, Arquimedes Ruiz-Columbie, Murat Tutkun e Luciano Castillo. "Impacts of the low-level jet's negative wind shear on the wind turbine". Wind Energy Science 2, n. 2 (20 novembre 2017): 533–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-2-533-2017.

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Abstract. Nocturnal low-level jets (LLJs) are defined as relative maxima in the vertical profile of the horizontal wind speed at the top of the stable boundary layer. Such peaks constitute major power resources for wind turbines. However, a wind speed maximum implies a transition from positive wind shears below the peak to negative ones above. The effect that such a transition has on wind turbines has not been thoroughly studied.This research study employed a methodical approach to the study of negative wind shear's impacts on wind turbines. Up to now, the presence of negative shears inside the turbine's rotor in relation to the presence of positive shears has been largely ignored. A parameter has been proposed to quantify that presence in future studies of LLJ–wind-turbine interactions. Simulations were performed using the NREL aeroelastic simulator FAST code. Rather than using synthetic profiles to generate the wind data, all simulations were based on real data captured at the high frequency of 50 Hz, which allowed us to perform the analysis of a turbine's impacts with real-life, small scales of wind motions.It was found that the presence of negative wind shears at the height of the turbine's rotor appeared to exert a positive impact on reducing the motions of the nacelle and the tower in every direction, with oscillations reaching a minimum when negative shears covered the turbine swept area completely. Only the tower wobbling in the spanwise direction was amplified by the negative shears; however, this occurred at the tower's slower velocities and accelerations. The forces and moments were also reduced by the negative shears. The aforementioned impacts were less beneficial in the rotating parts, such as the blades and the shafts. Finally, the variance in power production was also reduced. These findings can be very important for the next generation of wind turbines as they reach deeper into LLJ's typical heights.The study demonstrated that the presence of negative shears is significant in reducing the loading on wind turbines. A major conclusion of this study is that the wind turbines of the future should probably be designed with the aim of reaching the top of the nightly boundary layer more often and therefore the altitudes where negative shears are more frequent. Doing so will help to reduce the positive shear's associated damage and to capture the significant LLJ energy.

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Simani, Silvio, Saverio Farsoni e Paolo Castaldi. "Transfer Learning for Fault Detection with Application to Wind Turbine SCADA Data". Journal of Energy and Power Technology 05, n. 01 (21 marzo 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/jept.2301011.

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The installed wind power capacity is growing worldwide. Remote condition monitoring of wind turbines is employed to achieve higher uptimes and lower maintenance costs. Machine learning models can detect developing damages in wind turbines. Therefore, this paper demonstrates that cross–turbine transfer learning can drastically improve the accuracy of fault detection models in turbines with scarce SCADA data. In particular, it shows that combining the knowledge from turbines with scarce and turbines with plentiful data enables earlier detection of faults than prior art methods. Training fault detection models require large amounts of past and present SCADA data but these data are often unavailable or not representative of the current operation behavior. Newly commissioned wind farms lack SCADA data from the previous operation. Due to control software updates or hardware replacements, older turbines may also lack representative SCADA data. After such events, a turbine’s operation behavior can change significantly so its SCADA data no longer represent its current behavior. Therefore, the work highlights how to reuse and transfer knowledge across wind turbines to overcome this lack of data and enable the earlier detection of faults in wind turbines.

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Das, Swagata, Neeraj Karnik e Surya Santoso. "Time-Domain Modeling of Tower Shadow and Wind Shear in Wind Turbines". ISRN Renewable Energy 2011 (23 ottobre 2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/890582.

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Tower shadow and wind shear contribute to periodic fluctuations in electrical power output of a wind turbine generator. The frequency of the periodic fluctuations is times the blade rotational frequency , where is the number of blades. For three-bladed wind turbines, this inherent characteristic is known as the effect. In a weak-power system, it results in voltage fluctuation or flicker at the point of common coupling of the wind turbine to the grid. The phenomenon is important to model so as to evaluate the flicker magnitude at the design level. Hence, the paper aims to develop a detailed time-domain upwind fixed speed wind turbine model which includes the turbine's aerodynamic, mechanical, electrical, as well as tower shadow and wind shear components. The model allows users to input factors such as terrain, tower height, and tower diameter to calculate the oscillations. The model can be expanded to suit studies involving variable speed wind turbines. Six case studies demonstrate how the model can be used for studying wind turbine interconnection and voltage flicker analysis. Results indicate that the model performs as expected.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Wind turbines"

Fégeant, Olivier. "Noise from wind turbines". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Byggnader och installationer, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3100.

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A rapid growth of installed wind power capacity is expectedin the next few years. However, the siting of wind turbines ona large scale raises concerns about their environmental impact,notably with respect to noise. To this end, variable speed windturbines offer a promising solution for applications in denselypopulated areas like the European countries, as this designwould enable an efficient utilisation of the masking effect dueto ambient noise. In rural and recreational areas where windturbines are sited, the ambient noise originates from theaction of wind on the vegetation and about the listener's ear(pseudo-noise). It shows a wind speed dependence similar tothat of the noise from a variable speed wind turbine and cantherefore mask the latter for a wide range of conditions.However, a problem inherent to the design of these machines istheir proclivity to pure tone generation, because of theenhanced difficulty of avoiding structural resonances in themechanical parts. Pure tones are deemed highly annoying and areseverely regulated by most noise policies. In relation to thisproblem, the vibration transmission of structure-borne sound tothe tower of the turbine is investigated, in particular whenthe tower is stiffened at its upper end. Furthermore, sincenoise annoyance due to wind turbine is mostly a masking issue,the wind-related sources of ambient noise are studied and theirmasking potentials assessed. With this aim, prediction modelsfor wind-induced vegetation noise and pseudo-noise have beendeveloped. Finally, closely related to the effect of masking,is the difficulty, regularly encountered by local authoritiesand wind farm developers, to measure noise immission from windturbines. A new measurement technique has thus been developedin the course of this work. Through improving thesignal-to-noise ratio between wind turbine noise and ambientnoise, the new technique yields more accurate measurementresults. Keywords: Masking, vibration transmission, diffraction,ambient noise, pseudo-noise, cylindrical shell, perturbationmethods, structural mobility, acoustic outdoor measurement.
QC 20100616

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Fégeant, Olivier. "Noise from wind turbines /". Stockholm, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3100.

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Horikiri, Kana. "Aerodynamics of wind turbines". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1881.

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The study of rotor blade aerodynamic performances of wind tur- bine has been presented in this thesis. This study was focused on aero- dynamic effects changed by blade surface distribution as well as grid solution along the airfoil. The details of numerical calculation from Fluent were described to help predict accurate blade performance for comparison and discussion with available data. The direct surface curvature distribution blade design method for two-dimensional airfoil sections for wind turbine rotors have been dis- cussed with the attentions to Euler equation, velocity diagram and the factors which affect wind turbine performance and applied to design a blade geometry close to an existing wind turbine blade, Eppler387, in order to argue that the blade surface drawn by direct surface curvature distribution blade design method contributes aerodynamic efficiency. The FLUENT calculation of NACA63-215V showed that the aero- dynamic characteristics agreed well with the available experimental data at lower angles of attack although it was discontinuities in the surface curvature distributions between 0.7 and 0.8 in x/c. The dis- continuities were so small that the blade performance could not be affected. The design of Eppler 387 blade performed to reduce drag force. The discontinuities of surface distributionmatched the curve of the pressure coefficients. It was found in the curvature distribution that the leading edge pressure side had difficulties to connect to Bezier curve and also the trailing edge circle was never be tangent to the lines of trailing edge pressure and suction sides due to programming difficulties.

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Dunbabin, Penny. "Noise from wind turbines". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14768.

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This thesis is an investigation into the nature of aerodynamic noise emitted by wind turbine blades as they rotate. The main aims of this work were a follows: 1. to give an account of theoretical and experimental work on aerodynamic noise emission from aerofoils, 2. to examine experimental data from a variety of different wind turbines, and to extract from these comparisons information about the influence of different blade design parameters on noise emission, 3. to examine experimentally the influence of tip angle of attack on noise using a new method, 4. to use the information gleaned from (1) and (2) to write a noise prediction program which can be used for any design of horizontal axis wind turbine operating under any reasonable conditions, 5. to compare the predictions with experimental data. The first three chapters consist of background information, concerning the development of wind farms, the noise regulations with which they must comply and the theory of aerodynamic noise emission. The following four chapters contain new work, the principal findings being: 1. Comparisons of experimental noise data from different designs of wind turbines indicate that low frequency noise (less than 250 Hz) is the most sensitive to tip speed, while frequencies between 250 and 630 Hz are less affected, and frequencies in the kHz range are almost unaffected by tip speed. This conflicts with existing noise prediction codes. 2. Noise may increase slightly with tip angle of attack, but this is not pronounced for modern blades with sharp trailing edges. However, there is a significant reduction in high frequency noise (above 1.5 kHz) as the tip angle of attack is reduced in constant winds. In addition, for the turbine studied, a broad aerodynamic peak centred on 630 Hz was observed when the tip angle of attack was reduced. 3. A rotor noise prediction code has been written, which gives accurate results over a range of tip speeds.

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Farr, Thomas D. "The effects of atmospheric and wake turbulence on wind turbines and wind turbine wakes". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/807177/.

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Wind tunnel studies using model wind turbines have been used to investigate the effects and characteristics of neutral and unstable atmospheric boundary layers on their operation and wake behaviour. Wind turbine arrays have also been arranged to observe the effect of wake interaction. Single-point two-component and two-point single-component velocity measurements have been made using laser Doppler anemometry in conjunction with cold-wire anemometry to interrogate the modelled boundary layer. The manufacture and installation of a second traverse mechanism in the wind tunnel was necessary to perform the two-point measurements, along with the development of laboratory software for control and data analysis. In order to allow for measurements of turbine performance, a current sensor was developed so that correlations could be made between velocity and torque fluctuations. Investigation of larger arrays, up to 12 turbines, required the production of additional turbines and installation and subsequent integration of the associated control systems. Measurements made in the neutral flow conditions show that there is an increasing correlation between the upstream turbulence and torque fluctuations with proximity to the turbine, especially in the wake of another turbine where the flow is rapidly evolving. Two-point velocity measurements, with a lateral separation, have shown that there is little effect of the turbine on the correlation of the flow over the rotor disc. Analysis of data from this type of measurement also shows that in an array of four aligned turbines, the spatial structures reach an equilibrium state and are of larger size after the second turbine. Furthermore, the velocity-torque correlation magnitude decreases after the first turbine, but then increases with distance through the array owing to the increased correlation over the rotor disc, although not to the level observed for the first turbine. The turbulence approaching the first turbine behaves in a frozen-flow manner, but this is not true for the second and subsequent turbines, although the idea of convection time still applies. Measurements made in the modelled unstable atmospheric boundary layer show that the length and time scales are changed in the flow, in addition to the alteration of the profiles of mean velocity and Reynolds stresses. The increased turbulence caused by the convective boundary layer increases the rate of wake deficit recovery and does not result in the same spatial structures as the neutral conditions. Temperature effects are of secondary importance with regard to wake and turbine behaviour, with the main driving force behind the performance being the increased turbulence levels.

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Moor, Gary Duncan. "Optimization of wind energy transfer using wind turbines". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53542.

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Thesis (MScIng)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The effect of topography and terrain on wind is examined in order to ensure that the wind turbine positioning will encourage a greater availability of wind energy to it. Maximum power point tracking methods are presented whereby the loading on the wind turbine is controlled to ensure that the maximum available energy from the wind is captured. The wind turbine system is modelled and used in simulations to evaluate the three proposed maximum power point trackers, named anemometer control, calculation control and constant step control for the purpose of this thesis. An additional analog system is also created whereby the complete wind turbine system is able to be simulated. An inverter is used to replicate the generator and the loading is controlled using an active rectifier since this will be used on the practical system. The results from the simulations and analog system are presented whereby one of the trackers is shown to be inadequate and the other two trackers are shown to be close to ideal. The appeal of the calculation method is in the redundancy of an anemometer making it attractive to less expensive, small-scale systems.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die invloed van die topografie en die terrein op die dinamika van wind word ondersoek om sodoende te verseker dat die posisionering van wind turbienes 'n beter effektiwiteit van wind energie oordrag sal bewerkstellig. Maksimum drywingspunt volger metodes word bespreek sodat die lading op die wind turbiene beheer kan word om sodoende te verseker dat die maksimum wind energie oorgedra kan word. Die wind turbiene stelsel word gemodeleer en geimplimenteer om die drie voorgestelde maksimum drywingspount volgers te evalueer, naamlik windspoedbeheer, berekening-beheer en konstantestap-beheer vir die doeleindes van hierdie tesis. 'n Adissionele analoog stelsel is ontwerp waarmee die volledige wind turbiene stelsel gesimuleer kan word. 'n Omsetter word gebruik om die generator na te boots en die belading word beheer deur middel van 'n aktiewe gelykrigter soos gebruik 'n praktese stelsel. Resultate van die simulasies en die analog stelsel is verskaf om te bewys dat een van die volg-metodes onvoldoende volging bewerkstellig, en die ander twee nabyaan ideale volging bewerkstellig. Dit is getoon dat die berekening metode meer aantreklik is vir kleinskaal stelsels, aangesien 'n windspoedsensor onnodig is.

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Eriksson, Petersen Lovisa. "The impact of wind conditions on wind turbines". Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192535.

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Abstract (sommario):

The world is facing global warming and the challenge to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Wind power is a renewable source of energy with no greenhouse gas emissions when operating. Therefore, it could contribute in this challenge. Vattenfall is a Swedish energy company that invests in the wind power business and have many wind turbines in operation. On behalf of Vattenfall this study has been performed with the aim to find how wind conditions affect wind turbines and how it is correlated to amount of alarms, time loss, energy availability and time availability in a wind turbine. Improving this knowledge will be an advantage when making investments in wind turbines and their maintenance. A statistical analysis was conducted in order to examine correlations of wind speed and turbulence intensity with the number of alarms, time loss, energy availability and time availability of a turbine. A case study of Lillgrund, an offshore park in Sweden, was performed since the park layout is tightly spaced and hence interesting in sense of turbulence intensity. Lillgrund suffered to a lot of blade vibration alarms and therefore these alarms were investigated deeper in terms of the wind conditions one hour, one day and one week before the alarm occurred. Four additional parks with other turbine types and manufacturers than Lillgrund’s were also included in the correlation analysis. The amount of alarms per year of each turbine was examined in order to compare this with the failure curve of a wind turbine. The purpose was to see if the wear-out period had started earlier for turbines with certain wind conditions but unfortunately the turbines were not old enough to draw a conclusion. The analysis resulted in positive correlations for high turbulence and high amount of alarms and blade vibration alarms for the Siemens SWT-2.3-93 turbines investigated while there were no clear correlations for time loss, energy availability and time availability. Also, the other turbine types had no strong correlations for the investigated parameters. From the results it can be concluded that there are no strong correlations for the wind conditions investigated and energy availability and time availability. It can also be said that the amount of alarms in Siemens SWT-2.3-93 turbines increases with higher turbulence. Hence, alarms do not influence the energy availability noticeably for this type of turbine.
Världen står inför en global uppvärmning och utmaningen att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser. Vindkraft är en förnybar energikälla utan utsläpp av växthusgaser vid drift som skulle kunna bidra positivt i denna utmaning. Vattenfall är ett svenskt energiföretag som investerar i vindkraftsverksamhet och äger många vindkraftverk. Denna studie genomförts på uppdrag av Vattenfall med syfte att finna hur vindförhållanden påverkar vindkraftverk och hur de är korrelerade till mängden av alarm, tidsförlust, energitillgänglighet och tidstillgänglighet i ett vindkraftverk. Att förbättra denna kunskap kommer att vara en fördel när investeringar i vindkraftverk och deras underhåll görs. En statistisk analys genomfördes för att undersöka korrelationer av vindhastighet och turbulensintensitet med antalet alarm, tidsförlust, energitillgänglighet och tidstillgänglighet hos en turbin. En studie av Lillgrund, en havsbaserad park i Sverige, genomfördes då parkens turbiner är placerade tätt intill varandra och därmed ger ett intressant perspektiv på turbulensintensitet. Lillgrund har en stor mängd bladvibrationsalarm och därför har dessa alarm undersökts djupare när det gäller vindförhållandena en timme, en dag och en vecka innan alarmet inträffade. Ytterligare fyra parker med andra turbintyper och tillverkare än Lillgrunds ingick i korrelationsanalysen. Mängden alarm per år för varje turbin undersöktes för att jämföra detta med felintensitetskurvan för ett vindkraftverk. Syftet var att se om utslitningsperioden hade börjat tidigare för turbiner med vissa vindförhållanden men tyvärr var de studerade turbinerna inte tillräckligt gamla för att dra slutsatser kring detta. Analysen resulterade i positiva korrelationer för hög turbulens och hög mängd av alarm och bladvibrationsalarm för de undersökta Siemens SWT-2.3-93-turbinerna medan det inte fanns några tydliga korrelationer för tidsförlust, energitillgänglighet och tidstillgänglighet. Även de andra turbintyperna saknade starka samband för de undersökta parametrarna. Av resultaten kan slutsatsen dras att det inte finns några starka samband för de undersökta vindförhållandena och energitillgängligheten och tidstillgängligheten. Det kan också sägas att mängden alarm i Siemens SWT-2.3-93-turbiner ökar med högre turbulensintensitet. Därför påverkar inte alarm energitillgängligheten märkbart för denna typ av turbin.

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Lee, Donghoon. "Multi-flexible-body analysis for applications to wind turbine control design". Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04052004-180040/unrestricted/lee%5Fdonghoon%5F200312%5Fphd.pdf.

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Zhang, Zijun Kusiak Andrew. "Wind turbine vibration study a data driven methodology /". [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/454.

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Homola, Matthew Carl. "Atmospheric icing on wind turbines". Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for teknisk kybernetikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-15209.

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Libri sul tema "Wind turbines"

Hau, Erich, e Horst von Renouard. Wind Turbines. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-29284-5.

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Hau, Erich. Wind Turbines. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27151-9.

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Wood, David. Small Wind Turbines. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-175-2.

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Ritschel, Uwe, e Michael Beyer. Designing Wind Turbines. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08549-9.

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Nelson, Vaughn. Wind energy and wind turbines. Canyon, Tex: Alternative Energy Institute, West Texas A&M University, 1996.

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H, Nacfaire, e Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General for Energy., a cura di. Grid-connected wind turbines. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1988.

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Schmid, J. Performance of European wind turbines: A statistical evaluation from the European wind turbine database EUROWIN. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1991.

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Hau, Erich, Jens Langenbrinck e Wolfgang Palz. WEGA Large Wind Turbines. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52129-4.

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ill, Mullaly Glen 1968, a cura di. How wind turbines work. Mankato, Minn: Child's World, 2011.

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Hansen, Martin O. L. Aerodynamics of wind turbines. 2^a ed. London: Earthscan, 2008.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Wind turbines"

Hau, Erich. "Windmills and Windwheels". In Wind Turbines, 1–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27151-9_1.

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Hau, Erich. "Electrical System". In Wind Turbines, 385–428. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27151-9_10.

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Hau, Erich. "Control Systems and Operational Sequence". In Wind Turbines, 429–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27151-9_11.

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Hau, Erich. "The Tower". In Wind Turbines, 467–503. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27151-9_12.

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Hau, Erich. "The Wind Resource". In Wind Turbines, 505–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27151-9_13.

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Hau, Erich. "Power Output and Energy Yield". In Wind Turbines, 549–603. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27151-9_14.

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Hau, Erich. "Environmental Impact". In Wind Turbines, 605–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27151-9_15.

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Hau, Erich. "Commercial Applications of Wind Turbines". In Wind Turbines, 637–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27151-9_16.

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Hau, Erich. "Offshore Wind Energy Utilisation". In Wind Turbines, 677–718. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27151-9_17.

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Hau, Erich. "Wind Turbine Installation and Operation". In Wind Turbines, 719–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27151-9_18.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Wind turbines"

Jallouli, Jihen, Guillaume Moreau e Ronan Querrec. "Wind turbines' landscape". In the 2008 ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1450579.1450641.

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Sundaresan, Mannur, Mark Schulz, Anindya Ghoshal, Alan Laxson, Walt Musial, Tom Almeida e Scott Hughes. "Intelligent blade for wind turbines". In 20th 2001 ASME Wind Energy Symposium. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-26.

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Chenniappan, Vivekanandan, e Prabakaran Balakrishnan. "Container wind energy for wind turbines". In 2017 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccci.2017.8117804.

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Pan, Qiyun, e Eunshin Byon. "Adaptive Extreme Load Estimation in Wind Turbines". In 35th Wind Energy Symposium. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-0679.

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Shen, W., J. Michelsen e J. Sorensen. "Aero-acoustic computations of wind turbines". In 2002 ASME Wind Energy Symposium. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-43.

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Shen, Wen Zhong, Jess A. Michelsen e Jens No̸rkær So̸rensen. "Aero-Acoustic Computations of Wind Turbines". In ASME 2002 Wind Energy Symposium. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wind2002-43.

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Abstract (sommario):

A numerical algorithm for acoustic noise generation is extended to 3D flows. The approach involves two parts comprising a viscous incompressible flow part and an inviscid acoustic part. In order to simulate noise generated from a wind turbine, the incompressible and acoustic equations are written in polar coordinates. The developed algorithm is combined with a so-called actuator-line technique in which the loading is distributed along lines representing the blade forces. Computations are carried out for the 500kW Nordtank wind turbine equipped with three LM19 blades.

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McWilliam, Michael K., Frederik Zahle, Christian Pavese e José P. Blasques. "Multi-fidelity Optimization of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines". In 35th Wind Energy Symposium. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-1846.

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Trematerra, Amelia, e Gino Iannace. "Wind turbines acoustic measurements". In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, CHARACTERIZATION, SOLID STATE PHYSICS, POWER, THERMAL AND COMBUSTION ENERGY: FCSPTC-2017. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4990154.

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Pollack, Martin L., Brian J. Petersen, Benjamin S. H. Connell, David S. Greeley e Dwight E. Davis. "Resonance Avoidance of Offshore Wind Turbines". In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37039.

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Abstract (sommario):

Coincidence of structural resonances with wind turbine dynamic forces can lead to large amplitude stresses and subsequent accelerated fatigue. For this reason, the wind turbine system is designed to avoid resonance coincidence. In particular, the current practice is to design the wind turbine support structure such that its fundamental resonance does not coincide with the fundamental rotational and blade passing frequencies of the rotor. For offshore wind turbines, resonance avoidance is achieved by ensuring that the support structure fundamental resonant frequency lies in the frequency band between the rotor and blade passing frequencies over the operating range of the turbine. This strategy is referred to as “soft-stiff” and has major implications for the structural design of the wind turbine. This paper details the technical basis for the “soft-stiff” resonance avoidance design methodology, investigates potential vulnerabilities in this approach, and explores the sensitivity of the wind turbine structural response to different aspects of the system’s design. The assessment addresses the wind turbine forcing functions, the coupled dynamic responses and resonance characteristics of the wind turbine’s structural components, and the system’s susceptibility to fatigue failure. It is demonstrated that the design practices for offshore wind turbines should reflect the importance of aerodynamic damping for the suppression of deleterious vibrations, consider the possibility of foundation degradation and its influence on the support structure’s fatigue life, and include proper treatment of important ambient sources such as wave and gust loading. These insights inform potential vibration mitigation and resonance avoidance strategies, which are briefly discussed.

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Malcolm, D. "Modal response of 3-bladed wind turbines". In 2002 ASME Wind Energy Symposium. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-47.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Wind turbines"

Dykes, Katherine L., e Jennifer Rinker. WindPACT Reference Wind Turbines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1432194.

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Cooperman, Aubryn. Large Castings for Wind Turbines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1995803.

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Aker, Pamela M., Anthony M. Jones e Andrea E. Copping. Offshore Wind Turbines Estimated Noise from Offshore Wind Turbine, Monhegan Island, Maine Addendum 2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1012295.

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Singh, Mohit, e Surya Santoso. Dynamic Models for Wind Turbines and Wind Power Plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), ottobre 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1028524.

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Osgood, R. Dynamic Characterization Testing of Wind Turbines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maggio 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/783417.

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Fair, R., W. Stautner, M. Douglass, R. Rajput-Ghoshal, M. Moscinski, P. Riley, D. Wagner et al. Superconductivity for Large Scale Wind Turbines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), ottobre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1052970.

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Aker, Pamela M., Anthony M. Jones e Andrea E. Copping. Offshore Wind Turbines - Estimated Noise from Offshore Wind Turbine, Monhegan Island, Maine: Environmental Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Development. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1006308.

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Wright, A. D. Modern Control Design for Flexible Wind Turbines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luglio 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15011696.

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Author, Not Given. Advanced horizontal axis wind turbines in windfarms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1216673.

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Windward Engineering, LLC. Field verification program for small wind turbines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/828233.

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