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1
Malynevskaya, K. I. "Internet in our Life". Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2017. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8442.
2
Keildson, Sarah. "Model selection strategies in genome-wide association studies". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bd97c2e3-10e3-4007-9b7b-199e99d04f94.
Abstract (sommario):
Unravelling the genetic architecture of common diseases is a continuing challenge in human genetics. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have proven to be successful in identifying many new disease susceptibility loci, the extension of these studies beyond single-SNP methods of analysis has been limited. The incorporation of multi-locus methods of analysis may, however, increase the power of GWAS to detect genes of smaller effect size, as well as genes that interact with each other and the environment. This investigation carried out large-scale simulations of four multi-locus model selection techniques; namely forward and backward selection, Bayesian model averaging (BMA) and least angle regression with a lasso modification (lasso), in order to compare the type I error rates and power of each method. At a type I error rate of ~5%, lasso showed the highest power across varied effect sizes, disease frequencies and genetic models. Lasso penalized regression was then used to perform three different types of analysis on GWAS data. Firstly, lasso was applied to the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) data and identified many of the WTCCC SNPs that had a moderate-strong association (p<10-5) type 2 diabetes (T2D), as well as some of the moderate WTCCC associations (p<10-4) that have since been replicated in a large-scale meta-analysis. Secondly, lasso was used to fine-map the 17q21 childhood asthma risk locus and identified putative secondary signals in the 17q21 region, that may further contribute to childhood asthma risk. Finally, lasso identified three potential interaction effects potentially contributing towards coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. While the validity of these findings hinges on their replication in follow-up studies, the results suggest that lasso may provide scientists with exciting new methods of dissecting, and ultimately understanding, the complex genetic framework underlying common human diseases.
3
Barrett, Jeffrey C. "Design and analysis of genome-wide association studies". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:45790b5c-e50c-406a-bb3c-a96868b11a28.
Abstract (sommario):
Despite many years of effort, linkage and candidate gene association studies have yielded disappointingly few risk loci for common human diseases such as diabetes, auto-immune disorders and cancers. Large sample sizes, increased understanding of the patterns of correlation in genetic variation, and plunging genotyping costs have enabled genome-wide association studies, which have good power to detect common risk alleles of modest effect. I present an evaluation of SNP choice in study design and show that overall, despite substantial differences in genotyping technologies, marker selection strategies and number of markers assayed, the first generation platforms all offer good levels of genome coverage (∼ 70%). I next describe the largest such project undertaken to date, the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, which consisted of 2000 cases from each of seven common diseases and 3000 shared controls. It identified nearly two dozen new associations. I demonstrate the importance of careful data quality control, including both standard and unorthodox analyses. I next focus on the association results therein for Crohn’s disease. I present a replication experiment in over 1000 additional Crohn’s patients which unambiguously confirmed six previously published loci and four new loci. Next I describe, in a general context, several issues impeding the combination of genome-wide scans, including data annotation, population structure and differences in genotyping platform. Each of these problems is shown to be tractable with available methods, provided that these methods are applied prudently. I present the results of a meta-analysis of three genome-wide scans for Crohn’s disease. The data showed a striking excess of significant associations, and a replication experiment involving over 4000 independent Crohn’s patients verified twenty new risk loci. Finally, I discuss the early success of genome-wide association and its consequences for further understanding the biology of human disease.
4
Ridout, Kate E. "Genome-wide analysis of selection in mammals, insects and fungi". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5a894760-9240-4e79-a50f-37547f108a00.
Abstract (sommario):
Characterising and understanding factors that affect the rate of molecular evolution in proteins has played a major part in the development of evolutionary theory. The early analyses of amino acid substitutions stimulated the development of the neutral theory of molecular evolution, which later evolved into the nearly neutral theory. More recent work has lead to a better understanding of the role selection plays at the molecular level, but there is still limited understanding of how higher levels of protein organisation affect the way natural selection acts. The investigation of this question is the central aim of this thesis, which is addressed via the analysis of selective pressures in secondary protein structures in insects, mammals and fungi. The analyses for the first two groups were conducted using publically available datasets. To conduct the analyses in fungi, genome sequence data from the fungal genus Microbotryum (sequenced in our laboratory) was assembled and annotated, resulting in the development of a number of bioinformatics tools which are described here. The fungal, insect and mammalian datasets were interrogated with regard to a number of structural features, such as protein secondary structure, position of a site with regard to adaptively evolving sites, hydropathy and solvent-accessibility. These features were correlated with the signals of positive and purifying selection detected using phylogenetic maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. I conclude that all of the factors examined can have an effect on the rate of molecular evolution. In particular, disordered and hydrophilic regions of the protein are found to experience fewer physiochemical constraints and contain a higher proportion of adaptively evolving sites. It is also revealed that positively selected residues are ‘clustered’ together spatially, and these trends persist in the three taxa. Finally, I show that this variation in adaptive evolution is a result of both selective events and physiochemical constraint.
5
Klinterhäll, Annika, e Elisabeth Green. "Sex on the table. The formation of a wide-ranging sex education". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-27035.
Abstract (sommario):
There is a settled stereotype for women and men which give them different possibilities in our society. The schools, which are one of the most important sources of knowledge, have a great possibility to influence. This is the reason why we are interested in how the schools are working with a project, which we will call X henceforth. What was the purpose with the project and what does it contain? What is missing in the former education, since the project was started? Are there any obstacles or prerequisite in the design of the project or in the school teaching on the basis of X? We have done interviews in the gathering of empirical material to find out all the answers to our questions. To support this, we have chosen a few theories which we find suitable for the material. The teacher´s and the principal find the project X very important in the development of a more open-minded pupil. They also think that the project is helping them a lot by being supported with material and knowledges how to work with the subject.
6
Bhattacharya, Kanishka. "Gene x gene interactions in genome wide association studies". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6cb7ab29-90df-4d70-bc2f-531f874b79d0.
Abstract (sommario):
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have revolutionized our approach to mapping genetic determinants of complex human diseases. However, even with success from recent studies, we have typically been able to explain only a fraction of the trait heritability. GWAS are typically analysed by testing for the marginal effects of single variants. Consequently, it has been suggested that gene-gene interactions might contribute to the missing heritability of complex diseases. GWAS incorporating interaction effects have not been routinely applied because of statistical and computational challenges relating to the number of tests performed, genome-wide. To overcome this issue, I have developed novel methodology to allow rapid testing of pairwise interactions in GWAS of complex traits, implemented in the IntRapid software. Simulations demonstrated that the power of this approach was equivalent to computationally demanding exhaustive searches of the genome, but required only a fraction of the computing time. Application of IntRapid to GWAS of a range of complex human traits undertaken by the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) identified several interaction effects at nominal significance, which warrant further investigation in independent studies. In an attempt to fine-map the identified interacting loci, I undertook imputation of the WTCCC genotype data up to the 1000 Genomes Project reference panel (Phase 1 integrated release, March 2012) in the neighbourhood of the lead SNPs. I modified the IntRapid software to take account of imputed genotypes, and identified stronger signals of interaction after imputation at the majority of loci, where the lead SNP often had moved by hundreds of kilobases. The X-chromosome is often overlooked in GWAS of complex human traits, primarily because of the difference in the distribution of genotypes in males and females. I have extended IntRapid to allow for interactions with the X chromosome by considering males and females separately, and combining effect estimates across the sexes in a fixed-effects meta-analysis. Application to genotype data from the WTCCC failed to identify any strong signals of association with the X-chromosome, despite known epidemiological differences between the sexes for the traits considered. The novel methods developed as part of this doctoral work enable a user friendly, computationally efficient and powerful way of implementing genome-wide gene-gene interaction studies. Further work would be required to allow for more complex interaction modelling and deal with the associated computational burden, particularly when using next-generation sequencing (NGS) data which includes a much larger set of SNPs. However, IntRapid is demonstrably efficient in exhaustively searching for pairwise interactions in GWAS of complex traits, potentially leading to novel insights into the genetic architecture and biology of human disease.
7
Clemente, Batalha Pardal Diana 1990. "European-wide studies on pro-inflammatory risk factors in early life and molecular markers of aging". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666990.
Abstract (sommario):
Although universal and unavoidable, aging does not occur in a uniform way. In this dissertation, we assessed the effects of early life exposure to pro-inflammatory risk factors (air pollution and obesity) on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and telomere length, considered as markers of biological aging, at birth and during childhood. First we observed that an increment in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure during pregnancy was associated with a decrease in both placental mtDNA content and birth weight and length (chapter 2 and 3). Secondly, we showed that the association between prenatal NO2 exposure and infant growth could be mediated by placental mtDNA content (chapter 2 and 3). Thirdly, our study found that increased pre- and postnatal exposure to air pollutants lead to shorter leukocyte telomere length in 8 year old children (chapter 4). Finally, we showed that increased obesity indicators were associated with significant shorter telomeres in 8 year old children (chapter 5).Tot i que és universal i inevitable, l'envelliment no es produeix de manera uniforme. En aquesta tesi, es van avaluar els efectes de l'exposició primerenca a factors de risc proinflamatoris (contaminació de l'aire i obesitat) sobre el contingut d'ADN mitocondrial (mtDNA) i la longitud del telómero, considerats com a marcadors de l'envelliment biològic, en néixer i durant la infància. En primer lloc, vam observar que un increment de l'exposició al diòxid de nitrogen (NO2) durant l'embaràs es va associar amb una disminució tant del contingut de ADN de la placenta plasmàtica com del pes i la durada del part (capítols 2 i 3). En segon lloc, vam mostrar que l'associació entre l'exposició NO2 prenatal i el creixement infantil podria estar mediada per contingut de ADN de placenta (capítols 2 i 3). En tercer lloc, el nostre estudi va descobrir que l'augment de l'exposició pre i postnatal als contaminants atmosfèrics conduir a una menor longevitat de leucòcits en nens de 8 anys (capítol 4). Finalment, vam mostrar que un augment dels indicadors d'obesitat es van associar amb telòmers més curts significatius en nens de 8 anys (capítol 5).
8
Powers, Ralph Wilson. "Genome-wide screens reveal that reduced TOR signaling extends chronological and replicative life span in S. cerevisiae /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5044.
9
Sternberg, André Dirk [Verfasser], André [Akademischer Betreuer] Bardow e Francois [Akademischer Betreuer] Maréchal. "System-wide perspective for life cycle assessment of CO2-based C1-chemicals / André Dirk Sternberg ; André Bardow, Francois Maréchal". Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162900296/34.
10
Choudhry, Hani. "Genome-wide analysis of the hypoxic breast cancer transcriptome using next generation sequencing". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9a66b553-a66c-4164-a854-5881be65ca45.
Abstract (sommario):
Hypoxia pathways are associated with the pathogenesis of both ischaemic and neoplastic diseases. In response to hypoxia the transcription factor hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) induces the expression of hundreds of genes with diverse functions. These enable cells to adapt to low oxygen availability. To date, pan-genomic analyses of these transcriptional responses have focussed on protein-coding genes and microRNAs. However, the role of other classes of non-coding RNAs, in particular lncRNAs, in the hypoxia response is largely uncharacterised. My thesis aimed at improving understanding of the transcriptional regulation of the non-coding transcriptome in hypoxia. I performed an integrated genomic analysis of both non-coding and coding transcripts by massively parallel sequencing. This was interfaced with pan-genomic analyses of DNAse hypersensitivity and HIF, H3k4me3 and RNApol2 binding in hypoxic cells. These analyses have revealed that hypoxia profoundly regulated all RNA classes. snRNAs and tRNAs are globally downregulated in hypoxia, whilst miRNAs, mRNAs and lncRNAs are both up- and downregulated with an overall trend towards slight upregulation. In addition, a significant number of previously non-annotated (and largely hypoxia upregulated) transcripts were identified, including novel intergenic transcripts and natural antisense transcripts. HIF bound close to genes for mRNAs, miRNAs and lncRNAs that were upregulated by hypoxia, but was excluded from binding at genes for RNA classes that showed global downregulation. This suggests that HIF acts as a transcriptional activator (but not repressor), of lncRNAs as well as mRNAs and miRNAs. Consistent with direct regulation by HIF, many of these hypoxia-inducible, HIF-binding lncRNAs were downregulated following HIF knockdown. Analysis of RNApol2 binding and DNAse HSS signals at HIF transcriptional target genes indicated that HIF-dependent transcriptional activation occurs through release of RNApol2 that is pre-bound to open promoters of lncRNAs as well as mRNAs. In these datasets, NEAT1 was the most hypoxia-upregulated, HIF-targeted lncRNA in MCF-7 cells and, despite binding of both HIF-1 and HIF-2 isoforms at its promoter, was selectively regulated by HIF-2 alone. Furthermore, NEAT1 was induced by hypoxia in a wide range of breast cancer cell lines and in hypoxic xenograft models. Functionally, NEAT1 is required for the assembly of nuclear paraspeckle structures. Increased nuclear paraspeckle formation was observed in hypoxia and was dependent on both NEAT1 and HIF-2. Knockdown of hypoxia-induced NEAT1 significantly reduced cell proliferation and survival and induced apoptosis. Finally, high expression of NEAT1 correlated with poor clinical outcome in a large cohort of breast cancer patients. These findings extend the role of the hypoxic transcriptional response in cancer into the spectrum of non-coding transcripts and provide new insights into molecular roles of hypoxia-regulated lncRNAs, which may provide the basis for novel therapeutic targets in the future.
11
Baud, Amelie. "Fine-mapping complex traits in heterogeneous stock rats". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c762c1af-c899-478f-93e1-305775d5a6f4.
Abstract (sommario):
The fundamental theme my thesis explores is the relationship between genetic variation and phenotypic variation. It addresses three main questions. What is the genetic architecture of traits in the HS? How can sequence information help identifying the sequence variants and genes responsible for phenotypic variation? Are the genetic factors contributing to phenotypic variation in the rat homologous to those contributing to variation in the same phenotype in the mouse? To address these questions, I analysed data collected by the EURATRANS consortium on 1,407 Heterogeneous Stock (HS) rats descended from eight inbred strains through sixty generations of outbreeding. The HS rats were genotyped at 803,485 SNPs and 160 measures relevant to a number of models of disease (e.g. anxiety, type 2 diabetes, multiple sclerosis) were collected. The eight founders of the Stock were genotyped and sequenced. I identified loci in the genome that contribute to phenotypic variation (Quantitative Trait Loci, QTLs), and integrated sequence information with the mapping results to identify the genetic variants underlying the QTLs. I made some important observations about the nature of genetic architecture in rats, and how this compares to mice and humans. I also showed how sequence information can be used to improve mapping resolution, and in some cases to identify causal variants. However, I report an unexpected observation: at the majority of QTLs, the genetic effect cannot be accounted for by a single variant. This finding suggests that genetic variation cannot be reduced to sequence variation. This complexity will need to be taken into account by studies that aim at unravelling the genetic basis of complex traits.
12
Anthony, Pamela D. "Working Beyond 9 to 5: The Impact of a University-wide Alternative Work Arrangements Policy on Student Affairs Employees". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/eps_diss/87.
Abstract (sommario):
Alternative work arrangements (AWA) policies allow employees to select varied work schedules that are both conducive to the organization’s goals and to employees’ personal needs. Though common in the business sector, such policies are rarely articulated within American colleges and universities. Practitioners within the student affairs profession regularly work beyond the average 40-hour week due to the fundamental nature of their work with students’ co-curricular involvement outside of the classroom; as a result, the lack of work-life balance can result in high employee turnover which can be detrimental to an organization. Utilizing grounded theory, a qualitative methodology that allows researchers to espouse new theories to explain phenomena based on data, 14 student affairs practitioners employed at a large research institution in the southeast were interviewed to examine their experiences which emanated from the institution’s AWA policy implemented in 2007. The emergent theory collectively affirmed the importance of flexibility as participants indicated that they expected variations in their work hours given the unusual hours that are commonly associated with the student affairs profession. They reported benefits such as better work-life balance, increased productivity, reduced stress, and increased job satisfaction. Conversely, participants expressed concerns that AWAs were not consistency available to all employees and awareness of the policy was limited. They also experienced feelings of guilt and often felt the need to prove that they were working. Finally, participants recommended that AWA policies should be transparent, regularly assessed, and benchmarked against existing policies at other universities. Results provided evidence of how proven strategies used in corporate human resource models can be applied in a higher education setting, and the findings further suggested that employees and employers could greatly benefit from the establishment of formal policies that allow flexibility in the workplace through the use of AWAs. Implementation of these policies may provide employees with more opportunities for work-life balance, thereby improving job satisfaction and increasing employee retention in the student affairs profession.
13
Chalei, Vladislava. "Investigating molecular mechanisms of Dali, an intergenic chromatin-associated lincRNA regulating genes locally and neural differentiation genome-wide". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9c296666-927c-4c53-b250-39e79643b0f8.
Abstract (sommario):
Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) emerged as important regulators of many cellular functions. Many nuclear lncRNAs regulate the expression of geomically proximal or overlapping protein coding genes. Less clear is whether intergenic lncRNAs can regulate transcription by modulating chromatin at genomically distant loci in an RNA-dependent manner. This thesis investigated molecular functions of Dali, an intergenic central nervous system expressed lncRNA conserved in therian mammals. Dali is transcribed from a locus 50 kb downstream of the Pou3f3 transcription factor gene and performs both genomically local and distal RNA-dependent roles. Its depletion disrupts the differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. Locally, Dali regulates transcription of the Pou3f3 locus. Distally, it preferentially binds near to and regulates active promoters across the genome, including by physically associating with the POU3F3 transcription factor. Dali also interacts with the DNMT1 DNA methyltransferase in mouse and human and regulates CpG island-associated promoters by modulating their DNA methylation levels in trans. This work is the first to demonstrate that a lncRNA can regulate the DNA methylation of CpG island-associated promoters in trans and one of the first large scale studies to identify direct transcriptional targets of a lncRNA genome-wide. It also provides a more detailed molecular dissection of the extended Pou3f3 locus and a framework for the prioritisation and comprehensive functional characterisation of nuclear lncRNAs.
14
Nassar, Agnes. "A comparison between World Wide English and In Real Life : A content analysis of two English textbooks for upper secondary school in Sweden". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-312522.
Abstract (sommario):
This study is about the structure and content of two specific English textbooks used in upper secondary school. The aim of the study is to get a deeper understanding of the structure of textbooks in English teaching, and what topics are used and what skills are emphasised when teaching English as a second language with the guidance of those textbooks. The textbooks studied, World Wide English 5 Samhällsvetenskapsprogrammet and In Real Life, are designed for the course ‘English 5’ in the upper secondary school curriculum. World Wide English 5 Samhällsvetenskapsprogrammet is designed for an academic program, while In Real Life is designed for vocational programs. The study contains a content analysis of the textbooks with both a qualitative perspective and a quantitative perspective. The quantitative part of the analysis shows the different kinds of skills promoted by the exercises while the qualitative part shows what different texts are used in the textbooks. The study of the textbooks shows that when it comes to texts the textbooks emphasise different types of text (eg. fictional or non fictional) for the different programs. The exercises in both books focus on vocabulary and grammar activities. This study concludes that the textbooks are different but also have some similarities and both encourage the communicative aspects promoted in the new curriculum.
15
Zahoor, Muhammad kashif. "Genome wide analysis for novel regulators of growth and lipid metabolism in drosophila melanogaster". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664844.
Abstract (sommario):
The evolutionary conserved insulin and nutrient signaling network regulates growth andmetabolism. Nutrients are directly utilized for growth or stored, mostly as triglycerides. InDrosophila, activation of insulin/nutrient signaling in the fat body (the fly equivalent of liverand adipose tissue), causes an increase in fat stores composed of several small-size lipiddroplets (LDs). Conversely, fasting produces an increase in LD size and a decrease in fatcontents. The TOR kinase and its substrate S6 kinase (S6K) play a central role in this response,and particularly in Drosophila, they have been shown to orchestrate cell-autonomous andhormone-controlled growth. However, despite extensive research studies on different modelorganisms (mouse, fly, worm) to decipher the molecular and physiological functions of S6K,nothing is known about how its degradation is regulated.Taking advantage of the inducible RNA interfering (RNAi) library from NIG (Japan), we haveperformed three genetic screens to identify novel regulators of steroidogenesis, lipidmetabolism and dS6K-dependent growth. First, RNAi lines were screened in the ring gland; anorgan that controls the progression of the developmental steps by producing the steroidhormone ecdysone. Out of 7,000 genes screened, 620 positive candidates were identified toproduce developmental arrest and/or overgrowth phenotypes. Then, we challenged 4,000 genesby RNAi screening able to recapitulate the larger sized LD phenotype as obtained uponstarvation, leading to the identification of 24 potential candidates. Finally, the RNAi lines werescreened for their ability to enhance a growth phenotype dependent of the Drosophila S6K(dS6K). Out of 7,000 genes screened, 45 genes were identified as potential negative regulatorsof dS6K. These genes were further used to design a novel protein-protein interaction networkcentered on dS6K through the available data from yeast-2-hybrid (Y2H) assay. The most potentinteractors were then analyzed by treatment of cultured S2 cells with the corresponding doublestrand RNA (dRNA). Western blotting thus, allowed us to discriminate between the geneproducts that regulate dS6K levels versus those that regulate its phosphorylation, as a hallmarkfor its kinase activity. Interestingly, archipelago (ago), which encodes a component of an SCFubiquitinligase known to regulate the degradation of dMyc, Cyclin E and Notch, was identifiedas a negative regulator of dS6K-dependent growth. Based on the Y2H available data showingthat Ago and dS6K interact each other and the presence of a putative Ago-interaction motif indS6K, we hypothesized that Ago causes an ubiquitin-mediated degradation of dS6K. Ourmolecular data showed that loss of ago caused an elevated level of dS6K, which confirms arole of Ago in controlling dS6K degradation. Altogether our findings emphasize the importanceof the saturating screening strategies in Drosophila to identify novel regulators of metabolicand signaling pathways.
16
Reig, Alejandro. "When the forest world is not wide enough we open up many clearings : the making of landscape, place and people among the Shitari Yanomami of the upper Ocamo basin, Venezuela". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669819.
17
Brandler, William M. "The genetics of handedness and dyslexia". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e3b42dba-7077-4ab8-8eb7-14cd198b5a87.
Abstract (sommario):
The population level bias towards right-handedness in humans implies left-hemisphere dominance for fine motor control. Left-handedness and reduced cerebral asymmetry have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders such as dyslexia. Understanding the biology of these traits at a genetic level is crucial for understanding the relationship between handedness and neurodevelopmental disorders. Here I present genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses for both relative hand skill (handedness, n = 728) and reading-related traits (n = 548) in individuals with dyslexia. I uncovered a genome-wide significant association in an intron of PCSK6 associated with relative hand skill. PCSK6 is a protease that cleaves NODAL proprotein into an active form, and NODAL determines the development of left/right (LR) asymmetry in bilaterians. I performed pathway analyses of the GWAS data that revealed handedness is determined in part by the mechanisms that establish left/right (LR) asymmetry early in development, such as NODAL signalling and ciliogenesis. This finding replicated in a general population cohort unaffected with neurodevelopmental disorders (n = 2,666). A key stage in LR asymmetry development is the rotation of cilia that creates a leftward flow of NODAL. Candidate genes for dyslexia are involved in both neuronal migration and ciliogenesis. Ciliopathies can cause not only LR body asymmetry phenotypes, but also cerebral midline phenotypes such as an absent corpus callosum. Furthermore, I identified a genome-wide significant association with non-word reading located in an intron of MAP1B, a gene involved in neuronal migration that causes an absent corpus callosum when disrupted in mice. However, this finding did not replicate in two independent cohorts with dyslexia (n = 156 & 199), or in the general population cohort (n = 2,359). Though these cohorts had inadequate reading measures and poorly matched ascertainment for dyslexia. I also performed copy number variation (CNV) pathway and burden analyses of 920 individuals with dyslexia and 1,366 unselected controls, but did not find that rare CNVs play a major role in the etiology of dyslexia. Based on these results I propose that common variants in genes responsible for ciliogenesis and corpus callosum development influence traits such as handedness and reading ability.
18
Fogarty, Melissa Coon. "Characterization of Hemicellulose Biosynthesis Genes in Avena". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8978.
Abstract (sommario):
Avena sativa L. (2n = 6x = 42, AACCDD genome composition) or common oat is the cereal grain possessing the highest levels of water-soluble seed (1-3,1-4)-β-D-glucan (β-glucan), a hemicellulose important to human health due to its ability to lower serum LDL cholesterol levels. Understanding the mechanisms of β-glucan accumulation in oat endosperm is, consequently, of great interest. We report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling β-glucan production in oat, identifying 58 significantly associated markers. Synteny with the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genome identified four major regions of interest, the CslF and CslH gene families along with UGPase and AGPase as candidate genes. Subgenome-specific expression of the A, C, and D homoeologs of major β-glucan synthase AsCslF6 revealed that AsCslF6_C is the least expressed in all tissue types and time points, with low-β-glucan varieties recording the highest proportion of AsCslF6_C expression. In order to further investigate the candidate genes identified in our GWAS study and gain a greater understanding of the other cell wall polysaccharides that comprise the total fiber content in oat we sought to characterize five additional genes. Accordingly, we cloned and sequenced the three homoeologs of AsUGP and AsAGPS1. AsAGPS1 is the small subunit 1 gene of the enzyme ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), which is responsible for catalyzing the first committed step in the starch biosynthesis pathway through the production of ADP-glucose. AsUGP is the gene the codes for UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) an enzyme responsible for the reversible production of UDP-glucose (UDPG). UDPG is used directly or indirectly as a precursor for the biosynthesis of cell wall polysaccharides. In high β-glucan mutant line ‘OT3044’ we observed increased expression of AsUGP with a corresponding reduction of AsAGPS1 expression. Similarly, we observed an inverse expression pattern in low-fiber mutant line ‘OT3018’, wherein AsUGP expression was decreased in favor of AsAGPS1 expression. Further, we also found evidence that these changes in both AsUGP and AsAGPS1 expression are due primarily to up- or down-regulation in the A-genome homoeoalleles. Additionally, we characterized genes in the CslC family (CslC4, CslC9) and CslA family (CslA7) responsible for xyloglucan and glucomannan synthesis, respectively. High-fiber line ‘HiFi’ showed the least amount of overall expression of these three genes, raising the possibility that the increased β-glucan is due to a reduction in other hemicelluloses. After analyzing homoeolog-specific expression in multiple genes we observed that the A genome consistently had the most highly expressed homoeoallele, hinting at a universal preference for expression of this subgenome. We present hypotheses regarding multiple points in carbohydrate metabolism having the potential to alter β-glucan content in oat.
19
Hechter, Eliana. "On genetic variants underlying common disease". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d883f20e-7dad-4216-8851-b006993832fd.
Abstract (sommario):
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) exploit the correlation in ge- netic diversity along chromosomes in order to detect effects on disease risk without having to type causal loci directly. The inevitable downside of this approach is that, when the correlation between the marker and the causal variant is imperfect, the risk associated with carrying the predisposing allele is diluted and its effect is underestimated. This thesis explores four different facets of this risk dilution: (1) estimating true effect sizes from those observed in GWAS; (2) asking how the context of a GWAS, including the population studied, the genotyping chip employed, and the use of im- putation, affects risk estimates; (3) assessing how often the best-associated SNP in a GWAS coincides with the causal variant; and (4) quantifying how departures from the simplest disease risk model at a causal variant distort the observed disease risk model. Using simulations, where we have information about the true risk at the causal locus, we show that the correlation between the marker and the causal variant is the primary driver of effect size underestimation. The extent of the underestimation depends on a number of factors, including the population in which the study is conducted, the genotyping chip employed, whether imputation is used, and the strength, frequency, and disease model of the risk allele. Suppose that a GWAS study is conducted in a European population, with an Affymetrix 6.0 genotyping chip, without imputation, and that the causal loci have a modest effect on disease risk, are common in the population, and follow an additive disease risk model. In such a study, we show that the risk estimated from the most associated SNP is very close to the truth approximately two-thirds of the time (although we predict that fine mapping of GWAS loci will infrequently identify causal variants with considerably higher risk), and that the best-associated variant is very often perfectly or nearly-perfectly correlated with, and almost always within 0.1cM of, the causal variant. However, the strong correlations among nearby loci mean that the causal and best-associated variants coincide infrequently, less than one-fifth of the time, even if the causal variant is genotyped. We explore ways in which these results change quantitatively depending on the parameters of the GWAS study. Additionally, we demonstrate that we expect to identify substantial deviations from the additive disease risk model among loci where association is detected, even though power to detect departures from the model drops off very quickly as the correlation between the marker and causal loci decreases. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for the design and interpretation of future GWAS studies.
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Jian, Xueqiu. "A Family-Based Association Study of Conduct Disorder". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1697.
Abstract (sommario):
Conduct disorder (CD) is a psychiatric syndrome in childhood and adolescence that is one of the most common childhood disorders with continuously increasing prevalence but uncertain pathogenesis. We performed a genome-wide, family-based association study of CD using P2BAT/FBAT software. The data is gathered from Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) and International Multi-Center ADHD Genetics Project (IMAGE).
Using COGA data, we identified 20 markers which showed suggestive associations (p<10-3) with CD. Nine of them are located in known genes. Two genes, ADAM10 and CAMK2A, which had been reported associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), bipolar disorder, and depression, were of more concern. Using IMAGE sample, our results were well replicated.
This study identified several CD associated genetic variants, especially two novel candidate genes. These findings may serve as a resource for replication in other populations to elucidate the potential role of these genetic variants in CD.
21
Pfeifer, Susanne. "Statistical challenges in the detection of mutation and variation using high throughput sequencing". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e49ce2fa-aa2c-42d7-bb54-c63e50d14afb.
Abstract (sommario):
The aim of this thesis is to obtain a better understanding of mutation rates within as well as between the genomes of humans and chimpanzees using data generated by high throughput sequencers. I will start with a review of the field and an overview of the technologies and protocols used to generate and analyse high throughput sequencing data. I apply some of the discussed techniques to show that there is evidence of a selective advantage of pathogenic de novo mutations in the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 gene in the male germ line of humans. Furthermore, I use some of the methods to generate a map of genome-wide sequence variation in Western chimpanzees. Ever since Darwin [Darwin, 1871] and Huxley [Huxley, 1863] postulated more than a century ago that African great apes are our closest living evolutionary relatives, the study of chimpanzee individuals is of great scientific interest from an evolutionary point of view, as comparisons between the genomes of human and chimpanzee offer the potential to help to understand the molecular basis for similarities and differences between the two species. I use the generated data to explore the breadth of the nucleotide diversity in the chimpanzee genome in order to shed light on whether or not the local variation in mutation rate has been conserved since the divergence of the two species and to place human nucleotide diversity into perspective with an evolutionary closely related species. I explore the relationship of nucleotide diversity in chimpanzees with specific large-scale genome features to reveal a number of highly significant correlations which explain over 40% of the observed variation. I use data from the 1000 Genomes Project to examine the occurrence of ancestral polymorphisms shared between human and chimpanzee on a genome-wide scale. These ancestral polymorphisms do not only influence fine-scale divergence rates across the genome in very closely related species, they are also good candidates for regions under balancing selection and thus, they are a useful tool to study long-time population demographics and speciation. Using these variants, I postulate that long-term balancing selection may be more common than previously believed. I conclude with a discussion of the results contained in the body of the thesis and suggest a number of areas for future research.
22
Barrett, Cindy L. "Range-wide Prevalence and Impacts of Pseudocercosporella inconspicua on Lilium grayi and an Assessment of L. superbum and L. michauxii as Reservoirs". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3249.
Abstract (sommario):
Lilium grayi (Gray’s Lily), a southern Appalachian endemic species, is threatened by a Lilium-specific fungal pathogen, Pseudocercosporella inconspicua. The disease is characterized by tan lesions that can cause early senescence, while also lowering seed production and viability. This project tested for P. inconspicua conidia and accessed health at nine locations. The disease was present and ubiquitous across the range of L. grayi. Through identification of P. inconspicua conidia in the field, L. superbum (Turk’s Cap Lily) was identified as an additional host, while L. michauxii (Michaux’s Lily) was disease-free. However, infection was inducible in both species. With the disease widespread in L. superbum and this species represented by many large populations, L. superbum may act as disease reservoir, further complicating the outlook for L. grayi. The disease should be considered an epidemic because of its impact on individual plants, its commonness within populations, and its ubiquity across the geographical range.
23
McMurray, Fiona. "Investigating the role of the fat mass and obesity associated gene (Fto) in obesity". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d7b76f58-6206-47fc-a208-7eeefac7fe27.
Abstract (sommario):
In 2007, a genome wide association study identified a SNP in intron 1 of FTO with increased BMI. Homozygous risk allele carriers are on average three kg heavier than those homozygous for the protective allele. Mouse models have been made, including a conditional knockout, which is lean when globally expressed, as well as a conditional overexpression allele, which has increased body weight when globally expressed. The results from these and other studies suggest that the FTO SNPs lead to weight gain by increasing FTO activity and/or expression. Adult inactivation of Fto using the tamoxifen inducible Cre demonstrated that removal of Fto may be as deleterious as overexpression, with the adult knockout mice having increased fat mass and decreased lean mass. It also supported the role FTO plays in development as adult inactivation of Fto did not increase mortality rates as seen in the global Fto-/- pups. This study also revealed the importance of effective energy expenditure analysis in the mouse. I have confirmed a link between Fto-/- and increased mortality, which may be caused by alterations to developmental processes. Fto-/- reduces cilia formation in MEFs and results in dysregulated cilia formation in specific tissues in Fto-/- embryos. Levels of FTO also appear to affect adipogenic differentiation, which could be due to altered WNT/β-CATENIN signalling. Pharmacological inhibition of FTO was a success in vitro and a compound screen identified FG2216, which could be used in vivo to inhibit FTO. The in vivo effects of FG2216 at 60 mg/kg/2days did not affect body weight or composition in the mouse. My research suggests that there is dysregulation of gut hormones and neuronal signalling pathways in the FTO overexpression mice, which could cause the hyperphagia and increased body weight. These studies add to our current knowledge of FTO function, and suggest a role for FTO in control of body composition, development, and satiety signalling.
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Eikelberg, Andreas [Verfasser], e Jasmin [Akademischer Betreuer] Kümmerle-Deschner. "Identifying best practices for obtaining ethical consent and for data and sample collection in pediatric rheumatic diseases – the role of the EU-wide ethics process in real-life / Andreas Jan Charles Eikelberg ; Betreuer: Jasmin Kümmerle-Deschner". Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1207831263/34.
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Eikelberg, Andreas Jan Charles [Verfasser], e Jasmin [Akademischer Betreuer] Kümmerle-Deschner. "Identifying best practices for obtaining ethical consent and for data and sample collection in pediatric rheumatic diseases – the role of the EU-wide ethics process in real-life / Andreas Jan Charles Eikelberg ; Betreuer: Jasmin Kümmerle-Deschner". Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1207831263/34.
26
Travers, Mary E. "Mechanisms of Type 2 diabetes susceptibility". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d99892d8-534a-4908-b5dc-ab1d8b1cab52.
Abstract (sommario):
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has a genetic component which is only partially understood. The majority of genetic variance in disease susceptibility is unaccounted for, whilst the precise transcripts and molecular mechanisms through which most risk variants exert their effect is unclear. A complete understanding of T2D susceptibility mechanisms could have benefits in risk prediction, and in drug discovery through the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Work presented in this thesis aims to define relevant transcripts and disease mechanisms at known susceptibility loci, and to identify disease association with classes of genetic variation other than common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). KCNQ1 contains intronic variants associated with T2D susceptibility and β-cell dysfunction, but only maternally-inherited alleles confer increased disease risk. It maps within an imprinted domain with an established role in congenital and islet-specific growth phenotypes. Using human adult islet and foetal pancreas samples, I refined the transcripts and developmental stage at which T2D susceptibility must be conferred by demonstrating developmentally plastic monoallelic and biallelic expression. I identified a potential risk mechanism through the effect of T2D risk alleles upon DNA methylation. The disease-associated regions identified through genome-wide association (GWA) studies often contain multiple transcripts. I performed mRNA expression profiling of genes within loci associated with raised proinsulin/insulin ratios in human islets and metabolically relevant tissues. Some genes (notably CT62) were not expressed and therefore excluded from consideration for a risk effect, whilst others (for example C2CD4A) were highlighted as good regional candidates due to specific expression in relevant tissues. GWA studies for T2D risk have focused predominantly upon common single nucleotide polymorphisms. As part of a consortium conducing GWA analysis for copy number variation (CNV) and T2D risk, I optimised and compared alternative methods of CNV genotyping, before using this information to validate two signals of disease association. I genotyped three rare single nucleotide variants emerging from an association study with T2D risk based on imputed data, providing an indication of imputation accuracy and more powerful disease association analysis. These data underscore the challenge of translating association signals to causal mechanisms, and of identifying alternative forms of genomic variation which contribute to T2D risk. My work highlights candidates for functional analysis around proinsulin-associated loci, and makes significant progress towards uncovering risk mechanisms at the KCNQ1 locus.
27
Al-Shahri, Mohammed. "Line Matching in a Wide-Baseline Stereoview". The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376951775.
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Dipronio, Marissa. "Wide Eyes - for Drumset and Live Electronics". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1524570699628544.
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Caimmi, Davide. "Contribution of real-life databases of adult patients suffering from allergic rhinitis Validation of the MASK‐rhinitis visual analogue scale on smartphone screens to assess allergic rhinitis control Discriminating severe seasonal allergic rhinitis. Results from a large nation-wide database". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS510.
Abstract (sommario):
La prévalence de la rhinite allergique (RA) est en augmentation dans le monde entier. Malheureusement, cette maladie est souvent considérée comme triviale, et les patients ont une tendance à ne pas consulter un médecin, malgré le fait que la RA a un impact très important sur leur qualité de vie. Les recommandations ARIA conseillent d’évaluer la sévérité de la maladie avant traitement et le contrôle des symptômes au cours du suivi pour optimiser le traitement, améliorer la qualité de vie des patients, et diminuer le coût de la RA. En analysant des bases de données en vie réelle, nous avons détecté un score simple et pratique qui permet aux médecins d’évaluer la sévérité de la RA et nous avons validé un système pour vérifier le contrôle des symptômes par visual analogue scale (VAS) sur l’écran des smartphones. Cette validation se base sur les données recueillies par l’application pour smartphones « MASK-Air® » et a été réalisé selon les recommandations COSMIN, avec évaluation, de la cohérence interne, de la fiabilité, de la sensibilité, et de l’acceptabilité. Le score pour évaluer la sévérité se base sur les résultats de l’étude Pollin’Air, après comparaison de 5 méthodes de classification des patients (deux types d’analyses en cluster, un score à 17 questions, le score ARPhyS à 5 questions et le VAS). L’évaluation de la sévérité et du contrôle de la RA sont essentielles pour bien gérer les patients, leurs symptômes et leur qualité de vie. Grâce à l’analyse de bases de données en vie réelle, nous avons validé des outils faciles à utiliser et à comprendre, et rapides à compléter, et qui peuvent donc être vraiment utilisés dans la pratique cliniqueThe prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) is increasing worldwide. Unfortunately, this disease is often considered as trivial, and patients tend not to consult their physician, and even less a specialist, even though AR has a very significant impact on the quality of life of patients, which translates into a risk of absenteeism and impaired presenteeism. ARIA guidelines recommend evaluating the severity of the disease before treatment and the control of symptoms during follow-up to optimize treatment, improve patients’ quality of life, and reduce the direct and indirect cost of AR. By analyzing real-life databases, we detected a simple and practical score that allows physicians to assess AR severity and we validated a system to verify the control of symptoms by a visual analogue scale (VAS) on smartphone screens. This last validation was based on data collected by the “Allergy Diary / MASK-Air®” application for smartphones of the MASK study. It was carried out according to COSMIN criteria, with an evaluation, among other things, of internal consistency, reliability, sensitivity, and acceptability. The score to assess AR severity is based on the results of the Pollin'Air study, after comparison of 5 methods for patients’ classification (two types of cluster analyses, a 17-question score, the 5-question ARPhyS score and the VAS). Assessing both severity and control in AR is essential to properly manage patients, their symptoms and quality of life. Through the analysis of real-life databases, we validated tools that are easy to use and understand, and quick to complete, therefore meet the essential characteristics to be truly used in clinical practice
30
Kota, Naga Purna Kiran Kumar. "Analysis of Magnet Wire Life-time Characteristics". MSSTATE, 2005. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11022005-142744/.
Abstract (sommario):
Magnet wires find many applications in modern world. Magnet wires used for the electrical insulation in fly-back transformers, solenoids, sensors, adjustable speed drives etc. are subjected to multistress aging factors such as electrical (high voltage, high frequency), thermal and other environmental stresses. Due to the action of these aging factors degradation and aging of the insulation will occur and thereby lead to reduced life-time or premature failure. In order to identify the most important factors affecting the life-time of the electrical insulation, the insulation must be evaluated under simulated service conditions. This study is done by performing accelerated aging tests at high electrical stresses, elevated temperatures, and often at combined electrical and thermal stresses, and at high frequencies. The electrical phenomena behind the breakdown of the insulation have been studied. In this study accelerated life tests are performed on AWG 40 magnet wire. Life-time characteristics, probability of failures, and life-time percentiles are determined.
31
Schymick, Jennifer. "The genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f68f15c2-2875-46ba-bf25-8324c1dead91.
Abstract (sommario):
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterised clinically by rapidly progressive paralysis leading ultimately to death from respiratory failure. There is no cure for ALS and no definitive explanation for the onset and rapid progression of motor neuron degeneration. Genetics is a known risk factor for a portion of familial cases. However, the role of genetics in the commoner sporadic form of the disease is poorly understood, although numerous genes have been implicated. The primary aim of this thesis project is to uncover the genetic causes that underlie ALS. To accomplish this goal, the main focus of this thesis is to perform genome-wide association analysis of sporadic ALS using high density SNP arrays. This thesis describes the first and the largest genome-wide association studies of ALS to date. Results demonstrate that there is no single large effect susceptibility variant underlying a large proportion of ALS, such as ApoE in Alzheimer’s disease. However, the genotyping data has been made publically available and the digital nature of this data means that it is a resource that can grow with future studies. Beyond genome-wide association, this thesis describes work using linkage, haplotype and sequence analysis to investigate the genetic overlap between ALS and frontotemporal dementia. Lastly, this thesis presents a novel method for linkage analysis using high throughput SNP arrays. Ultimately, it is hoped that by uncovering the genes that cause ALS, such knowledge will shed light on the pathogenic mechanisms underlying motor neuron degeneration and potentially lead to new rational therapies effective in slowing or even halting disease progression.
32
Falcão, Alexandre Xavier 1966. "Paradigmas de segmentação de imagens guiada pelo usuario : live-wire, live-lane e 3D-live-wire". [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261117.
Abstract (sommario):
Orientadores: Roberto de Alencar Lotufo, Jayaram K. UdupaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-22T08:22:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Falcao_AlexandreXavier_D.pdf: 7475224 bytes, checksum: f45cbf0dcf8186e4f84a6d4396a4897d (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997
Resumo: Este trabalho trata o problema de segmentação de imagens em situações onde os métodos automáticos falham requerendo extensiva assistência do usuário no processo. Como solução são propostos três paradigmas de segmentação interativa, denominando live-wire, live-lane, e 3D-live-wire que têm como metas i) prover ao usuário, tão completo quanto for possível o controle sobre o processo de segmentação enquanto este estiver em andamento e ii) minimizar o envolvimento do usuário e o tempo total do usuário requeridos para segmentação. Os métodos podem ser usados para extrair objetos 2D, 3D e 4D de dados de imagens multidimensionais (e.g. imagens tomográficas). A estratégia usada pelos métodos é a de explorar a superior habilidade do operador humano (comparada com a dos algoritmos de computador) em reconhecer o objeto desejado na imagem e a superior habilidade dos algoritmos de computador (comparada com a do operador humano) em delinear este objeto. Os métodos oferecem três mecanismos de interação com o usuário, a segmentação é feita delineando cada borda 2D de um dado objeto de interesse fatia por fatia e a escolha entre os métodos depende da necessidade de envolvimento do usuário com o processo. Em live-wire e live-lane, o usuário interage ativamento na seleção de segmentos ótimos de borda em cada fatia. O método live-lane oferece ao usuáriio maior controle sobre o processo do que o live-wire, mas requer maior envolvimento ... Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: In multidimensional imaging there are and will continue to be situations wherein automatic image segmentation methods fail and extensive user assistence in the process is needed. For such situations we purpose a novel user-steered image boundary segmentation paradigm under three new methods, live-wire, live-lame and 3D-live-wire where the main goals are i) to provide as complete a control as possible to the user on the segmentations process while it is being executed and ii) to minimize the user involvement and the total user¿s time required for segmentation. The strategy to reach these goals is to esploit the synergy between the superior abilities of human observers (compared to computer algorithms)) in object recognition and of computer algorithms (compared to human observers) in object delineation. The methods are designed to delineate 2D boundaries of 2D, 3D and 4D objects in a slice-by-slice fashion. The methods provide three mechanism of user interaction ant the best choise among them depends on the need of user involvement. In live-wire and live-lane the user actively interacts in selection process of optimum boundary segments in each slice. The method live-lane allows more user control than live-wire although it requires more user involvement ...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
Doutorado
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
33
Zamfir, Cristian. "Live migration of user environments across wide area networks". Connect to e-thesis, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/887/.
Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (MSc(R)) - University of Glasgow, 2008.MSc(R) thesis submitted to the Faculty of Information and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
34
Bay, Herbert. "From wide-baseline point and line correspondences to 3D". Konstanz Hartung-Gorre, 2009. http://d-nb.info/998626740/04.
35
Sanders, Scott Edward. "Laser spectroscopy of wire-like molecules". Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3482/.
Abstract (sommario):
Cavity-enhanced Laser-Induced Fluorescence With the incorporation of a new optic mount and focussing lens a cavity ring-down set-up was altered to collect fluorescence signal from molecules seeded in a molecular beam. Running both the CRDS and fluorescence measurements simultaneously produced a technique with significantly enhanced sensitivity compared to either of the two individual methods. Preliminary analysis with SO2 and a selection of polyaromatic molecules point to the method been best suited for measuring the fluorescence spectra of fast fluorescence lifetime (< 1 ns) molecules and in confined environments i.e. molecular beams. This has been characterised using a known sample and also compared to the CRDS and fluorescence measurements ran as individual techniques. The method was found to increase the sensitivity of the current experimental set-up by two orders of magnitude. This was then applied in the analysis of two new molecular samples to obtain spectra for use in analysing the torsional motions within the molecule. Torsional Motion Analysis of 2,5-bis(phenylethynyl)thiophene Torsional motions in polyphenyls, potential molecular wires, are important in the charge carriage capability of the species. Using a combination of UV-cavity ring-down and fluorescence detection the absorption and photoexcitation spectra of 2,5-bis(phenylethynyl)thiophene were successfully measured. Using a simple cosine potential and simulation program the spectra were reproduced and were found to be close to the values determined in previous research on the two ring system tolane and 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene.
36
Valverde, Murillo Elena. "Exploring adamantine-like scaffolds for a wide range of therapeutic targets". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/317952.
Abstract (sommario):
For over eighty years, adamantane ring has interested organic chemists for its simplicity and symmetry. The rigid tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane skeleton has provided a unique structural template for evaluating important theoretical concepts in chemistry.
The physical and chemical properties of the adamantane nucleus have largely overshadowed the structure’s contribution to the discovery of human therapeutics. Nevertheless its application in medicinal chemistry has become more and more significant in the last decades, where the adamantane ring was identified as a key structural subunit in several synthetic drugs for multiple targets. Adamantane is often considered as providing just the critical lipophilicity readily available as an add-on for known pharmacophoric units. Although its valuable contribution to medicinal sciences, adamantane ring can lead to solubility and stability problems which compromise the pharmacokinetic profile of the potential drug. Hence many research teams have worked out alternatives on adamantyl-based compounds in order to avert these issues, especially by attaching polar groups at key positions.
In the last few years, the research group of Dr. Santiago Vázquez from University of Barcelona has developed new polycyclic scaffolds as surrogates of the adamantane group with encouraging results in multiple targets. So far, we have synthesized ring-contracted, ring-expanded and oxa analogues of the drugs amantadine, rimantadine and memantine with anti-influenza, NMDA receptor antagonist and trypanocidal activities, proving the capacity of these polycycles to substitute the adamantane ring.
As described previously, the replacement of the adamantane ring with other polycyclic scaffolds can lead to compounds with better pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles. In particular, my Ph.D. research has focused mainly on the substitution of the adamantane moiety in inhibitors of different targets.
1) NMDA receptor antagonists: design, synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and electrophysiological studies of new compounds.
2) 11β-HSD1: design, synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and computational studies of new compounds.
3) Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors: design, synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and in vitro cellular studies of new compounds.
From the results of this dissertation, we have confirmed the ability of the new scaffolds to replace the adamantane nucleus with successful outcomes. The work derived from this thesis have been published in peer scientific journals, as well as in two different patent applications.La recerca duta a terme durant la meva tesi doctoral ha estat centrada principalment en la substitució de l’anell d’adamantà en inhibidors de diferents dianes. Fins al moment, durant la present tesi, he sintetitzat estructures policícliques de diferent mida i forma com anàlegs de l’adamantà per la seva substitució en múltiples dianes farmacològiques. Concretament, he preparat famílies de compostos que tenen com a diana el receptor NMDA del glutamat per la malaltia d’Alzheimer, l’enzim 11β-HSD1 pel tractament de la diabetis mellitus tipus 2 i malalties cardiovasculars, i l’enzim sEH pel tractament del síndrome metabòlic i estats de dolor i inflamació. El nostre objectiu és proporcionar nous compostos amb propietats fisicoquímiques millorades, mentre mantenen la seva potència biològica. Amb la seva avaluació en assajos in vitro, hem demostrat la capacitat d’aquest policicles de substituir l’anell d’adamantà. Cal destacar que la meva recerca ha inclòs el disseny, la síntesi i la caracterització completa dels compostos finals, així com l’avaluació farmacològica i els assajos in vitro d’una de les famílies de compostos.
37
Zhang, Weida, e 张伟达. "Adaptive live VM migration over WAN: modelingand implementation". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50534270.
Abstract (sommario):
The combination of traditional process migration and the new virtualization technology enables mobility of virtual machines and resource provisioning within data centers. While applied to wide area network (WAN), a traditional migration algorithm has to adjust itself according to the various WAN situations and VM status. This thesis identifies four performance measurements of a VM migration: total migration time, downtime, remote up time and performance degradation. It observes that the total migration time and the remote up time of traditional pre-copy over WAN is too long to tolerate. This thesis claims that even for WAN, post-copy could be used to improve the total migration time and remote up time, only by introducing tolerable, predictable and controllable performance degradation. The adaptiveness of the migration algorithm is concerned. It proposes a hybrid solution of pre-copy and post-copy, both for memory and storage, to do the migration. In the hybrid solution, a fraction of memory (Mfrac) and a fraction of storage (Sfrac) are migrated in the pre-copy and freeze-and-copy phase, and the remaining are migrated in the post-copy phase. A model-based solution with the help of profiling is proposed to adaptively find the best combination of Mfrac and Sfrac. The evaluation part suggests that the proposed solution could adapt to different application behaviors and network conditions.published_or_final_version
Computer Science
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Najarian, Aida. "The Arab world on-line : Arab-American communities using the Internet". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16938.
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Jorge, Vitor Augusto Machado. "Color wideline detector and local width estimation". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/159543.
Abstract (sommario):
Algoritmos de detecção de linhas são usados em muitos campos de aplicação, tais como visão computacional e automação como base para análises mais complexas. Por exemplo, a informação de linha pode ser usada como dado de entrada para algoritmos de detecção de objetos ou mesmo para a estimativa da orientação espacial de robôs aéreos. Uma das formas de detectar linhas é através do uso de um processo de filtragem não linear chamado deWide Line Detector (WLD). Esse algoritmo é eficaz na marcação de pixels de linha em imagens em tons de cinza, separando linhas claras ou linhas escuras. Contudo, os algoritmos de detecção de linha não estão normalmente preocupados com a estimativa de largura local individual associada a um pixel. Se disponível, tal informação poderia ser explorada por algoritmos de visão computacional. Além do mais, a informação de cor também é extensivamente usada em visão computacional como um discriminante de objetos, mas o WLD não a usa. Neste Trabalho, nós propusemos a extensão do WLD para imagens em cores. Nós também desenvolvemos um novo kernel monotonicamente crescente que é mais eficiente e mais robusto para detectar linhas do que que os kernels monotonicamente decrescentes usados pelo WLD. Por fim, desenvolvemos uma maneira de obter uma estimativa de largura de linha partindo da densidade local associada a similaridade entre pixels, revertendo o processo usado pelo WLD para estimar qual kernel deve ser usado. Diversos experimentos foram realizados com o método proposto considerando diferentes parâmetros, além da comparação com o WLD tradicional, para analizar a eficácia do método.Line detection algorithms are used by many application fields, such as computer vision and automation, as a basis for more complex analysis. For instance, line information can be used as input to object detection algorithms or even attitude estimation in flying robots. One way to detect lines is to use an isotropic nonlinear filtering procedure called the Wide Line Detector (WLD). This algorithm is effective to highlight the line pixels in gray scale images, separating dark or bright lines. However, line detection algorithms are not normally concerned with the pixel-wise estimation of thickness. If available, such information could be further explored by computer vision algorithms. Furthermore, color is extensively used in computer vision as an object discriminant, but not by the WLD. In this work, we propose the extension of the WLD to color images. We also develop a method that allows the estimation of the line width locally using only the density information and no border or center line information. Finally, we develop a new monotonically increasing kernel that is more efficient and yet effective to detect lines than the monotonically decreasing kernels used by the WLD. Finally, we devise a way ro obtain the wideline thickness from the density estimate obtained from the similarity between pixels, reverting the process used by the WLD to determine which kernel should be used. We perform several experiments with the proposed method, considering different parameters, and comparing it to the traditional WLD algorithm to assess the effectiveness of the method.
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Wang, Jinhua. "A Wide Input Power Line Energy Harvesting Circuit For Wireless Sensor Nodes". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103426.
Abstract (sommario):
Massive deployment of wireless IoT (Internet of Things) devices makes replacement or recharge of batteries expensive and impractical for some applications. Energy harvesting is a promising solution, and various designs are proposed to harvest power from ambient resources including thermal, vibrational, solar, wind, and RF sources. Among these ambient resources, AC powerlines are a stable energy source in an urban environment. Many researchers investigated methods to exploit this stable source of energy to power wireless IoT devices.
The proposed circuit aims to harvest energy from AC powerlines with a wide input range of from 10 to 50 A. The proposed system includes a wake-up circuit and is capable of cold-start. A buck-boost converter operating in DCM is adopted for impedance matching, where the impedance is rather independent of the operation conditions. So, the proposed system can be applied to various types of wireless sensor nodes with different internal impedances. Experimental results show that the proposed system achieves an efficiency of 80.99% under the powerline current of 50 A.M.S.
Nowadays, with the magnificent growth of IoT devices, a reliable, and efficient energy supply system becomes more and more important, because, for some applications, battery replacement is very expensive and sometimes even impossible. At this time, a well-designed self-contained energy harvesting system is a good solution. The energy harvesting system can extend the service life of the IoT devices and reduce the frequency of charging or checking the device. In this work, the proposed circuit aims to harvest energy from the AC power lines, and the harvested power intends to power wireless sensor nodes (WSNs). By utilizing the efficient and self-contained EH system, WSNs can be used to monitor the temperature, pressure, noise level and humidity etc. The proposed energy harvesting circuit was implemented with discrete components on a printed circuit board (PCB). Under a power line current of 50 A @ 50 Hz, the proposed energy harvesting circuit can harvest 156.6 mW, with a peak efficiency of 80.99 %.
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Weninger, Stephen. "The contagion of life : Rossetti, Pater, Wilde, and the aestheticist body". The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1234525831.
42
Le, Clerc Sigrid. "Analyses 'genome entier' de la cohorte griv de patients à profil extrême du sida". Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00592265.
Abstract (sommario):
Après 25 ans de recherche intensive, aucun vaccin ou traitement définitif contre le SIDA n'existe, et les mécanismes moléculaires de pathogenèse de l'infection VIH-1 ne sont pas clairement élucidés. Les avancées technologiques permettent de comparer des sujets malades avec des sujets contrôles sur tout le génome. Il est ainsi possible d'identifier sans a priori des gènes potentiellement impliqués dans le développement de la maladie avec pour conséquence le développement rationnel de nouvelles stratégies diagnostiques ou thérapeutiques. Durant ma thèse, j'ai réalisé deux études d'association 'génome entier' dans le SIDA, en comparant les 275 non-progresseurs à long terme ou les 85 progresseurs rapides de la cohorte GRIV avec une cohorte de contrôles séronégatifs. J'ai réalisé une troisième analyse en exploitant les données issues de trois études 'génome entier' internationales dont la nôtre (France, Pays-Bas, USA), ciblant plus particulièrement les SNPs de fréquence faible (fréquence de l'allèle mineur, MAF<5%). Ces approches 'génome entier' ont réaffirmé le rôle central du HLA dans la progression vers le SIDA, mais aussi dévoilé de nouveaux gènes candidats très pertinents donnant une nouvelle lumière sur les mécanismes moléculaires de la maladie.
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Chiu, Guang-Hwa, e Yuh-Shihng Chang. "A study of the impact of on-line game emotion value creation on playersâ switching behavior [in Chinese]". School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105265.
Abstract (sommario):
Text in Chinese, with English abstractWith the popularization of broadband network in Taiwan, playing online-games has become one of most popular behavior. In 2003, the Taiwan on-line game market scale is up to NT $ 88.3 hundred million. In 2004 it is NT$ 92.7 hundred million. From the above data, the Taiwan on-line game market has been growing rapidly from 2000 to 2004. Focusing on the MMORPG, players exhibit switching behavior from old games to new ones. The thesis is aimed at exploring the factors of the players in the value creation process in playing on-line games, which influence his switching decision making. The research method focuses on external factors' "core services" combined with psychological factors such as "customer satisfaction", "emotion value" and "flow experience", to construct an empirical model to analyze the players' switching barriers and their switching behaviors. Our research adopts the on-line game players' emotion value factors in explaining their switching behaviors, which is different from previous related works. We take samples of Web members of Game-Based and Bahamut, which are the largest on-line game community in Taiwan, as the research objects. A total of 1749 completed questionnaires were obtained, with a response rate of 80.42 %. The explanation strength of the research model reaches 71.1%. The research scope covers the system exterior factors, players' perception factors, emotion value factors, the switching barriers and the switching behaviors. The results indicate that the development of any information system must take into consideration user' s requirements in the emotion value. It also suggests that the human requirement for final value demand should be incorporated into information design education.
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Cavalcante, JoÃo Paulo Braga. "ConexÃes entre o Mundo On-line e a "Vida Off-Line": Otakus e Cultura de Consumo na Era da Internet". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4788.
Abstract (sommario):
FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃEsta pesquisa teve como meta analisar questÃes relacionadas a mudanÃas na cultura de consumo contemporÃnea decorrentes da interaÃÃo entre agentes sociais e novas mÃdias eletrÃnicas nos moldes da World Wide Web Tal interaÃÃo resultou na crescente autonomia do agente perante os emissores oficiais de produtos e informaÃÃo Constatou-se que redes de consumidores organizadas em subculturas tÃm criado canais nÃo oficiais de compartilhamento de mensagens burlando barreiras legais e territoriais Este fenÃmeno foi observado na subcultura de consumo conhecida como otaku de origem japonesa O termo designa indivÃduos aficionados em animes e mangÃs animaÃÃes e quadrinhos japoneses respectivamente O otakismo à um movimento inerente a globalizaÃÃo cultural e retrata uma forte ligaÃÃo das novas tecnologias digitais com uma juventude pÃs-dÃcada de 1980 mais individualista e mais independe dos meios de comunicaÃÃes oficiais O crescimento do otakismo pÃde ser observado na cidade de Fortaleza onde ocorre todos os anos uma das maiores convenÃÃes de animes do Brasil a Super Amostra Nacional de Animes (SANA) com um nÃmero cada vez maior de freqÃentadores Os mÃtodos de anÃlise foram qualitativos e quantitativos com enquete exploratÃria na ocasiÃo da SANA entrevistas nÃo-estruturadas e etnografia em ambientes virtuais direcionada para a descoberta da natureza das relaÃÃes sociais nestas novas mÃdias multidirecionais (todos os envolvidos sÃo emissores receptores e produtores ao mesmo tempo) Concluiu-se que a subcultura otaku vem adaptando as novas tecnologias digitais particularmente a Internet para seus propÃsitos de consumo e para a ampliaÃÃo das possibilidades de relacionamento interpessoal
This research aimed to analyze the subjects related to social changes in the contemporary consumption culture due to interaction between social players and new electronic medias according to World Wide Web This interaction comes from the social playerâs growing autonomy against the authorized issuer of product and information Iâve founded that consumer networks structured by subcultures have created unauthorized channels of sharing of messages circumventing the law This phenomenon was observed in a consumption subculture known as otaku whose origin is Japanese This term means an enthusiast of Japanese animes mangas cartoon and comics The otakism is a movement intrinsic to culture globalization and it looks at a powerful connection between new digital technologies and post-1980s youth that is more individualistic and more independent of authorized medias The growth of otakism could be observed in Fortaleza a city that hosts every year one of the biggest anime convention in Brazil called Super Amostra Nacional de Animes (SANA) Its numbers of visitors grows years after years The qualitative and quantitative methods of analyze were used in this research including exploratory poll in SANA event non-structured interviews and ethnography in virtual ambients The last one was designed to understand the quality of social relations in the multidirectional new medias where all players are issuers receptors and creators at the same time The research discovered that otaku subculture has been adapting the new digital technologies particularly the Internet for its consumption purposes and expansion of the possibilities of interpersonal relationships
45
Rootenberg, Cindy. "The influence of a wine festival on tourists' life satisfaction / Cindy Rootenberg". Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3744.
46
Cheung, Daniel Chi Man. "Mobile telephone system and non-wire line network /". Online version of thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/9171.
47
Clark, F. Stoner. "New wine/new wineskins reassessing church life in light of biblical paradigms /". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
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Beh, Ai Lin Chemical Sciences & Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Investigation of yeasts and yeast-like fungi associated with Australian wine grapes using cultural and molecular methods". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Chemical Sciences & Engineering, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40683.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis presents a systematic investigation ofyeasts associated with wine grapes cultivated in several Australian vineyards during the 2001-2003 vintages. Using a combination of cultural and molecular methods, yeast populations of red (Cabernet sauvignon, Merlot, Tyrian) and white (Sauvignon blanc, Semilion) grape varieties were examined throughout grape cultivation. The yeast-like fungus, Aureobasidium pullulans, was the most prevalent species found on grapes. Various species of Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula and Sporobolomyces were frequently isolated throughout grape maturation. Ripe grapes showed an increased incidence of Hanseniaspora and Metschnikowia species for the 2001-2002 seasons, but not for the drought affected, 2002-2003 seasons. Atypical, hot and dry conditions may account for this difference in yeast flora and have limited comparisons of data to determine the influences of vineyard location, grape variety and pesticide applications on the yeast ecology. More systematic and controlled studies of these variables are required. Damaged grape berries harboured higher yeast populations and species diversity than intact healthy berries. PCR-DGGE analysis was less sensitive than plate culture for describing the diversity of yeast species on grapes; it detected prevalent species, but subdominant populations below 103 CFU/g were not detected. In some cases, PCR-DGGE revealed the presence ofyeasts (Candida galli, C. zemplinina) not isolated by culture. Fermentative wine species (Kluyveromyces, Torulaspora, Saccharomyces) were rarely isolated, and only detected by enrichment cultures. Significant morphological and genetic variability were detected among A. pullulans and other black yeasts isolates from grapes. Taxonomic characterization of 61 strains by ITS-RFLP and rDNA sequencing revealed that they belonged to several distinct species within the generic groupings ofAureobasidium, Hormonema and Kabatiella. Isolates were strong producers of extracellular enzymes and polysaccharides that could have oenological significance, and, using a plate assay, some were antagonistic towards Bacillus thuringiensis, several wine yeasts, and some spoilage and mycotoxigenic fungi found on grapes. Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was not inhibited by these organisms in grape juice. A species-specific probe was developed for the identification of the wine spoilage yeast, Zygosaccharomyces bailii in a microtitre plate hybridization assay. The probe detected 102 cells/ml in wine, reliably differentiating Z. bailii from other Zygosaccharomyces and other wine-related yeasts.
49
Wang, Ming. "Web-based instruction statics on-line". Ohio : Ohio University, 2000. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1173379670.
50
Vellanki, Vivekanand. "Extending caching for two applications : disseminating live data and accessing data from disks". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9243.