Tesi sul tema "Wheatley"

Phillis Wheatley famously became the first black woman to publish a book of poems when Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral appeared in London in 1773. For literary scholars the publication ofthis book has made her a key figure of black vernacular traditions and discussions of racial identity throughout the twentieth century. This thesis examines a variety of Wheatley's texts published in England and New England in the early to mid-1770s. It also considers the different historical contexts in which these texts were published and how they have influenced their production. In chapter two the publication history of Poems, the text upon which twentiethcentury literary critics have primarily focused, is considered. It is argued that Poems was primarily produced for the consumption of a London rather than a New England audience and that the text is explicable only through the London context. Chapter three provides a discussion of Wheatley's identity within the context of New England religious debate in the early 1770s. It is argued that as a result of the growth of heterogeneous religious styles, New Englanders were preoccupied with the issue of identifying and displaying a converted identity. Wheatley's early broadsides were part of the local printers' response to this need, and became a commercial vehicle through which the conversion of the New England consumer could be displayed. Chapter four goes on to discuss several of Wheatley's texts published in New England newspapers and magazines during the war years with England. It is argued that the representation of Wheatley in the early years of the Revolution reflected the developments in slavery discourses as the rebellion against England progressed. In chapter five it is concluded that there are in fact many different Phillis Wheatleys, each having a distinct identity as a result of the myriad of influences in each particular market. It is argued therefore that Wheatley's racial representation was formed out of the social and economic contradictions within eighteenth-century society and a variety of mediating factors. The implications of these [mdings for critical practices of studying identity are discussed.

Though much has been written about Phillis Wheatley's life and works, the balance of Wheatley scholarship has submerged her in historiographical context rather than treat Wheatley as a subject on her own merits. Wheatley's work was connoted as "unthinkable" in her own time as a means of using recognition of singular acts of resistance as exceptions to a rule of deference on the part of blacks to white society. Moreover, this contextualization has been repeated in Wheatley scholarship. In its overemphasis on Wheatley's environment or her potential link to present literary schools, Wheatley scholarship similarly attempts to "account" for Wheatley rather than seriously reckon with her as a historical actor.

However, Wheatley was herself aware of this system of representation, and honed her ability to politick through manipulating her "unthinkable" attributes into an opportunity to publish her verse. Wheatley's 1773 collection Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral began a brief yet pointed period in the public eye, and Wheatley used this opportunity to further hone her developing and increasingly radical voice. The poet's works challenged white hierarchy in ways both direct and indirect, with elites such as George Washington and Thomas Jefferson evaluating her work. In his 1801 work Notes on the State of Virginia, Jefferson was particularly critical of Wheatley's capacity to write her own poetry, but Jefferson's contemporaries continuously challenged his opinion and forced him reevaluate his views. Though she was never conventionally famous, Wheatley nonetheless made a marked contribution to the discourse of "race" in her day.

Since Montesquie's incisive differentiation of the principal forms of governance and their components, the rate at which theories of governance have been proposed has exponenetially grown now when we have a plethora of different theories on the best way to govern, lead and /or manage. Anyone interested in this topic is confronted with many conflicting schools of thought, from Weber's theory of the 'iron cage' to Wheatley's new-age concept of leadership. This seeming maze of different theories can be seen merely as different perspectives on the overall embracing concept of governance which is essentially the holistic conception and explanation of differentiated purposive human systems - about paradigms and systems that have their inception in and are limited by, human mind. The core challenge, then, is to put some order and rationale into the understanding of this 'many-headed ' concept of governance. This thesis meets this challenge by mapping out a cognitive framework that is capable of embracing and ordering all the multitudinous differentiated conceptions of human governance experienced at the different levels of society. In essence, this thesis reformulates the concept of organizational governance in terms of the metaphor of the human mind. The cognitive model of governance are embraced by the different organizations in different circumstances and why this is appropriate and necessary, how and why governance changes over time, and how it is important to institute processes of inquiry, dialogue and reflection in order to know and choose more consciously. As a consequence of using the mind metaphor to analyse governance in Western society, the key conclusion is that there has been a substantial shift or evolution in thinking from a mangerialist mindset to the more abstract politicist mindset. This fundamental shift in mindset is pervasive and influences the perspectives taken at many levels in the human governance systems.
Doctor of Philosophy (Management)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2000.
Title from title page screen, viewed May 4, 2006. Dissertation Committee: John Shields (chair), Lucia Getsi, Nancy Tolson. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 179-190) and abstract. Also available in print.

Since Montesquie's incisive differentiation of the principal forms of governance and their components, the rate at which theories of governance have been proposed has exponenetially grown now when we have a plethora of different theories on the best way to govern, lead and /or manage. Anyone interested in this topic is confronted with many conflicting schools of thought, from Weber's theory of the 'iron cage' to Wheatley's new-age concept of leadership. This seeming maze of different theories can be seen merely as different perspectives on the overall embracing concept of governance which is essentially the holistic conception and explanation of differentiated purposive human systems - about paradigms and systems that have their inception in and are limited by, human mind. The core challenge, then, is to put some order and rationale into the understanding of this 'many-headed ' concept of governance. This thesis meets this challenge by mapping out a cognitive framework that is capable of embracing and ordering all the multitudinous differentiated conceptions of human governance experienced at the different levels of society. In essence, this thesis reformulates the concept of organizational governance in terms of the metaphor of the human mind. The cognitive model of governance are embraced by the different organizations in different circumstances and why this is appropriate and necessary, how and why governance changes over time, and how it is important to institute processes of inquiry, dialogue and reflection in order to know and choose more consciously. As a consequence of using the mind metaphor to analyse governance in Western society, the key conclusion is that there has been a substantial shift or evolution in thinking from a mangerialist mindset to the more abstract politicist mindset. This fundamental shift in mindset is pervasive and influences the perspectives taken at many levels in the human governance systems.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The advent of the computer age has seen many fundamental changes in the economics. The ease with which organisations can store and transmit information in unprecedented quantities and speeds has changed the face of the economy as well as the way in which organisations conduct their day to day operations. Information has become the primary resource for organisational competitiveness and this has seen an increasing drive for efficient information generation and management in an economy that is interconnected on a global scale. The demand for better information management practices is driven by the realisation that the global economy is susceptible to sudden and unpredictable changes that can potentially have global consequences. The more information organisations have at their disposal, the better their chances are of remaining competitive and relevant in the global economy. The informational economy confronts organisations with two very significant problems, the first is information overload due to the sheer volume of information that is available to them. The second problem is that despite the volume of available information organisations still are not privy to all the information that is required to lessen the impact of uncertainty that is so characteristic of the global economy. Organisations therefore always run the' risk of becoming irrelevant if they do not change constantly. This drive for continuous change and the dependence on information has led some organisational theorists and economists to compare the global economy and organisations to nonlinear systems found in nature. Examples of nonlinear systems are living organisms, ecologies and solar systems. All of these systems are characterised by high levels of interconnectedness and interdependence among individual units within a shared environment, which they co-create. Nonlinear systems are of particular interest to organisational theorists because these systems process information about the environment to adapt in an unpredictable way to unpredictable changes. Such systems are incredibly resilient because they are able to learn and adapt to different conditions. Another notable aspect of nonlinear systems is the clear structured and complex organisation that they exhibit in the absence of centralised control mechanisms. Every unit has the liberty to experiment with new designs and from the success of individual units an organised and stable system emerges with a strong link between the success of individuals and the whole system. The order that exists within nonlinear systems is known as self-organisation because it is not superimposed but emerges instead in a spontaneous manner. Nonlinear systems are therefore more than just the sum of their parts. The notion of nonlinear systems and self-organisation has seen authors such as Stacey, Wheatley and Senge develop new ideas about organisational development, leadership and organisational strategic thinking. Their ideas are based on what is popularly known as 'The New Science'. These ideas attempt to encourage organisations realise that the global economy functions as a nonlinear system and that organisations stand a better chance of success if they learn to understand the principles of nonlinear systems and to utilise the inherent creative and organising characteristics of such systems.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die aanvang van die rekenaar era het verskeie fundamentele veranderinge in ekonomie mee gebring. Die gemak en snelheid waarmee organisasies informasie kan stoor en versprei is ongekend en het terselfde tyd die voorkoms van die ekonomie verander asook die wyse waarop organisasies op 'n daaglikse basis funksioneer. Informasie het die belangrikste hulpbron geword vir organisasies in terme van kompetering en dit het 'n groter dryfkrag vir doeltreffende informasie ontginning en bestuur mee gebring in 'n ekonomie wat op 'n wereldwye skaal in mekaar gevleg is. Die aanvraag vir beter informasie bestuur praktyke word gedryf deur die wete dat die wereld ekonomie vatbaar is vir skielike en onvoorspelbare veranderinge wat potensieel 'n wereldwye impak kan he. Hoe meer informasie organisasies tot hul beskikking het hoe beter is hul kans om relevant en kompeterend te bly in die wereld ekonomie. Die informasie ekonomie konfronteer organisasies met twee fundamentele probleme. Die eerste gevaar is dat organisasies oorlaai kan word met informasie as gevolg van die absolute volume van beskikbare informasie. Die tweede probleem spruit voort uit die feit dat ten spyte van die beskikbare informasie, lei organisasies steeds aan 'n gebrek aan algehele informasie, organisasies kan dus nooit toegang he tot al die informasie wat benodig word om die impak te verminder van die onsekerheid wat so kenmerkend is van die wereld ekonomie. Organisasies loop dus altyd die gevaar om irrelevant te raak as hulle nie konstant aanpas by nuwe omstandighede nie. Hierdie soeke na konstante verandering en die afhanklikheid op informasie het verskeie organisasie teoretici en ekonome daartoe gelei om 'n vergelyking te tref tussen die wereld ekonomie en organisasies aan die een kant en nie-Iiniere sisteme wat in die natuur voorkom. Voorbeelde van sulke sisteme sluit lewende organismes, ekostelsels en sterre stelsels in. Die komponente van al hierdie sisteme is op 'n komplekse wyse inmekaar geweef en interafhanklik op mekaar binne die raamwerk van gemeenskaplike omgewing waarvoor hierdie komponente mede verantwoordelik is. Nie-liniere sisteme is van besondere belang vir organisasie teoretici omdat die betrokke sisteme informasie verwerk aangaande hul omgewing om op 'n onvoorspelbare wyse aan te pas by onvoorspelbare veranderinge in die omgewing. Sulke sisteme is uitsonderlik standvastig deurdat hulle kan leer en aanpas by verskillende omstandighede. Nog 'n merkbare aspek van sulke sisteme is die duidelik gestruktureerde en komplekse organisasie wat bestaan ten spyte van 'n algehele gebrek aan gesentraliseerde beheer meganismes. Elke komponent is vry om met 'n nuwe ontwerp te eksperimenteer en vanuit die sukses van die komponente spruit die sukses van die sisteem. Die organisasie wat sigbaar is in nie-liniere sisteme staan bekend as self-organisasie omdat dit nie voortspruit uit 'n sentrale beheer meganisme nie maar instede spontaan onstaan as 'n gevolg van die aksies van komponente. Nie-Iiniere sisteme het die potensiaal om meer te kan wees as die somtotaal van hul komponente. Die beginsel van nie-liniere sisteme en selforganisasie het skrywers soos Stacey, Wheatley en Senge daartoe gelei om nuwe idees te ontwikkel rakende organisasie ontwikkeling, leierskap en strategiese beplanning in organisasies. Hierdie idees is gegrond in wat algemeen bekend staan as 'The New Science'. Die idees van hierdie skrywers is gemik daarop om organisasies aan te moedig om raak te sien dat die wereld ekonomie soos 'n nie-liniere sisteem funksioneer en dat organisasies as sulks 'n beter kans staan om sukses te behaal as hulle sou leer om die beginsels van nie-liniere sisteme te begryp en die inherente kreatiewe en organiserings eienskappe van sulke sisteme uit te buit.

Through their editorial arrangements of African-American, Euro-American and European poetry, fiction and news, Frederick Douglass’s anti-slavery periodicals (The North Star and Frederick Douglass’ Paper) imagine a cosmopolitan discourse that predates the segregated realities of the antebellum United States. In spite of Southern blockades against the infiltration of Northern texts, Douglass’s material space uniquely capitalized on the limited restrictions of his reprinting culture to relocate the voice of the ‘outraged slave’ onto a global stage. From the poems of Phillis Wheatley and William Cowper to Charles Dickens’s Bleak House and Douglass’s own novella “The Heroic Slave,” this project considers how Douglass’s literary inclusions—and exclusions—complicate our static considerations of the historicized Douglass and exhibit his savvy insertions of black print into an exclusive, transatlantic nineteenth-century print culture.

Thesis (Masters Diploma (Food Technology)) -- Cape Technikon, Cape Town,1991
Bread is an important commodity in South Africa for its nutritional value and contribution to the economy. As such anything that enhances consumption of bread is of economic importance. Variation in bread volumen influences its utility value aand consumer acceptance of the product- The variation of brown bread volume is much greater than that of white bread. Bakers will benefit if they could control the variation in brown bread volume since consumer studies indicate that brown bread sales could surpass that of white bread in the near future. The baking industry uses an automated, continuous baking process that is difficult to alter. Variance of flour thus causes variance in bread volume. Flour variance is caused by the availability of suitable wheat cultivars to blend the grist, the sxtraction rate of the flour, the amount of bran and germ materials inclusionan and the amount of cake flour divided off. Although millers strive to control variation in flour quality, they must operate their mills within constraints of profitability and wheat availability. Deregulation is only applied to bread and excludes the raw material. Since the total deregulation of bread, the fixed price structure has been abolished. Bakers can now use more expensive additives to negate any shortfalls in floUT quality. This could ensure standard bread quality at a slightly higher price. The problem at this stage is that very little is known about the factors that cause variable bread volume. In most cases decreased volumes are attributed to shortfalls in protein quality and quantity and bran content. Baking quality of brown bread flour deteriorates during storage. The deterioration is mor pronounced in flour blended with bran before storage. This study centres around the effects of changing lipid composition during storage on the baking quality of the flour. A review of the literature, with respect to the formation of gluten and the lipidprotein interactions during this process) shows that the various authors have contradictory opinions. The effects of bran and its contribution to the baking process led to even more contradictions. The research approach of this study differed from the approach published in the literature where the researchers use a specific sample of wheat and then generalise for wheat in total. fn this study the samples were selected such that variation between samples are as high as possible. The lipids were extracted as total lipid, and were not separated into various fractions. This allowed the determination of the effect of the changed total lipid content on bread volume. The separation of the different flour samples, that was necessary in the analysis of the results, indicates that one or more important parameters were absent in the design. With this approach it was shown that the changes in total lipids are caused by enzymatic action and that total lipid profIles correlate with bread volumes. It was however impossible to generalise for all the different samples of flour.

Cette thèse fournit une description du développement des services climatiques au sein de Toulouse Métropole, en France. Ils sont articulés autour d'un réseau de stations météorologiques pour les études de micro-climatologie, en particulier l'analyse de la température de l'air et de l'îlot de chaleur urbain. Le premier axe s'emploie à décomposer les services climatiques à base de réseaux d'observations en objets distincts rattachés à des champs disciplinaires séparés mais en interaction. La démarche s'appuie sur une classification de la bibliographie et des travaux de l'Organisation Mondiale de Météorologie sur les services climatiques. Dans cette partie sont également expliqués le parti pris et la mise en place d'une dynamique de travail qui font appel aux méthodes relatives à la participation, et en particulier à la co-construction. Si l'axe premier présente un cadre théorique et méthodologique du travail de recherche-action, le second axe se veut être la mise en pratique. A savoir la transformation des différentes composantes d'un service climatique à base de réseau de mesures en une solution technique déployée et opérationnelle selon des normes et standards internationaux. Un focus est apporté sur le choix des sites de mesures à l'aide de cartographies thématiques et d'une campagne de mesures véhiculée. Le troisième axe, enfin, propose une analyse de l'îlot de chaleur du territoire Toulousain à partir des données mesurées par le réseau mis en place. L'îlot de chaleur est abordé sous l'angle classique de la dichotomie urbain/rural et selon des conditions météos optimales à sa formation. Dans un second temps est mobilisée l'approche des types de temps. Enfin une analyse spatiale plus fine est réalisée en mobilisant les Local Climate Zones (LCZ) avec un focus sur les zones d'activités (LCZ 8). Cette thèse propose ainsi une approche transversale et inter-disciplinaire de mise en œuvre d'un service climatique urbain, complétée d'une analyse territorialisée du climat urbain
This thesis provides a description of the development of climate services within Toulouse Métropole, France. They are articulated around a automated weather station network for micro-climatology studies, in particular the analysis of air temperature of the urban canopy heat island. The first one decomposes the climate services based on observation networks into distinct objects attached to separate and interacting disciplinary fields. The approach is based on a classification of the bibliography and the work of the World Meteorological Organization on climate services. This part also explains the volontee to mobilize methods relating to participation and in particular co-construction with the purpose to bring work flow and dynamic. While the first axis presents a theoretical, methodological framework for action-research work, the second axis is intended to be its practical application. In other words the transformation of the different components of a climate service based on a measurment network into a technical solution deployed and operational according to international norms and standards. A focus is brought on the choice of measurement sites with the help of thematic maps and a mobile measurement campaign. The third axis, finally, proposes an analysis of the heat island of the Toulouse territory from the data measured by the network. The heat island is approached from the classic angle of the urban/rural dichotomy and according to optimal weather conditions at its formation. In a second step, the approach of weather types is mobilized to deepen the analyses according to various types of weather conditions. Finally, a finer spatial analysis is carried out using Local Climate Zones (LCZ) with a focus on the activity zones (LCZ 8)

This dissertation explores the theological and ethical preoccupations of Phillis Wheatley in colonial New England. Chapter 1 frames the conversation around relevant research and states the project thesis to explain Wheatley’s background and eventual role as mother of African-American literature. Wheatley manipulates neoclassical Greek mythological images to subversively critique British-American racial hierarchicalism. Chapter 2 explains the meaning of an Afrosensitive hermeneutic, exploring the epistemological development of Afrocentric thought as a Eurocentric counterfactual. Bebbington’s quadrilateral is the exploratory portal used to discern Wheatley’s commitment to evangelical theology. Chapter 3 assesses Wheatley’s critique of exemplary or open American exceptionalism through the lens of chattel slavery. Critical race theory becomes the analytical lens to understand the intersection of religion, race, class, and gender on Wheatley sociopolitical imagination. Chapter 4 develops a conversation on social justice and neighbor love between Wheatley and St. Augustine (AD 354-430) of Hippo. Although Wheatley never directly quotes, she exemplifies Augustinian spirituality in her response to injustice. They both desire to restore the image of God through a comprehensive view of the gospel—vertical, horizontal, and cosmological. Chapter 5 addresses Wheatley’s staunch commitment to Christian orthodoxy and social activism. She honored Christ as the exclusive way of salvation through literary apologetics in select poems. She also leveraged her privilege amongst societal influencers to advocate for the immediate emancipation of African peoples. Wheatley believed that enslavers lacked a comprehensive understanding of love. Hence, she confronted inconsistent religious and philosophical beliefs through her poetry and prose. Chapter 6 summarizes the dissertation by demonstrating the theological and ethical commitments of a contemporary afrosensitive evangelical spirituality by critiquing key figures within the realm of Afrocentric spirituality, illustrating why afrosensitive evangelical spirituality reverences biblical authority while exercising cultural agency when examining African diasporic narratives.

博士
國立成功大學
外國語文學系碩博士班
95
Drawing from Holloway's figurative use of the“mythic text,”this dissertation examines the first-person narratives of Phillis Wheatley, Harriet Jacobs, Zora Neale Hurston, and Maya Angelou so as to discover how these four Afro-American women writers originate their varied mythic texts, synchronically and diachronically revising both one another and their male counterparts in their own times. With this theoretical approach, I find out that in Poems on Various Subjects Religious and Moral Wheatley originates her mythic text from the Puritan redemption myth, which is blended with the Puritan captivity narrative form, associates herself with her enslaved fellowmen, claims her African identity, and connects to her African communal past. Jacobs in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl originates her mythic text by subverting the Christian myth to strongly attack slavery and the hypocritical white Christian slaveholders. With her spiritual rebellion, she further revises the dominant theology, passive Christian womanhood and motherhood. Her memories of an ancestral voice partially empower her to successfully become a fugitive slave along with communal help and maternal love for her children. Hurston originates her mythic text from the black folkloric storytelling narrative and terms it the power of words, which she associates with her female ancestral voice. Through this power, in Dust Tracks on a Road she relates her personal history and retells the history of her Eatonville community. Although the community deprives her of this speaking voice on her mother's deathbed, in Mules and Men she returns to her Southern black rural community to search for a mother figure with conjuring power and to collect the folklore that she heard during her childhood. This homeward journey has her reclaim her past connection with her own ethnic cultural community. Angelou originates her mythic text from her black ethnic cultural roots and deliberately parallels her personal history with that of the grand Afro-American socio-political surroundings. Due to her self-consciousness and identity with her ancestors, family, and community, in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1970) she invents her self and recreates the time when Afro-Americans still have to encounter institutionalized racial prejudice. Because she integrates her personal life with the communal history, she clearly connects her self-development with her ethnic community and thus expresses a communal voice. She relates her life after her homeward trip to Africa and eventually becomes an empowered black woman writer in A Song Flung Up to Heaven, in which she concludes the book with the first line of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Overall, these four writers intertextually represent themselves in/against various contexts, while evolving their racial and gender selves during the varied phases of their lives. Through the memories of words, they are conscious of their collective self and clearly express their communal voice in their “mythic text.”

碩士
國立中正大學
外國語文研究所
92
This thesis is an attempt to realize the romantic words of a poet. Imagination is “a violence from within that protects us from a violence without,” says Wallace Stevens. Inevitably, we all live in a world of violence, both violence from within and from without. Existence per se is a manifestation of basic power, and violence is that of ultimate power. To become a human, one always tries to distinguish himself from mere existence, while avoiding falling victim to violence. The essential way to substantiate one’s being is through imagination and language. “Language is the house of beings,” says Heidegger. Language is what frames one’s being; the limit of language is the limit of being. In this thesis, an 18th-century black slave poetess Phillis Wheatley will testify to the immediateness of this relationship. A black girl abducted from Senegal at the age of 7 or 8, and at 31, Wheatley died in poverty and ill health. However, she did not die in oblivion, because of the publication of a volume of poems. The fragile poetess manages to defy the outer violence imposed upon her by wielding the only handy tool she has, viz., the language she acquires in the New Continent. And despite all the controversies on her artistry, the poetess is successful to the extent as to distinguish her existence. Her personal efforts leave again one more indelible remark of human’s travail to dare and defy the outward violence.

Black Western Thought: Toward a Theory of the Black Citizen-Object troubles and challenges the philosophical category of the human, particularly the black human. Oppositionally reading Enlightenment texts like Edmund Burke’s A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origins of our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful and Emanuel Kant’s Observations on the Feelings of the Beautiful and Sublime, I extend Emanuel Eze and Charles Mills critiques of Kant and the Enlightenment through relinquishing the quest for a black humanity. This project embraces the abjection of blackness and posits that in the rejection of quest for humanity the black citizen-object reveals heretofore unexplored ontology, epistemology, poetics, and philosophy. Through careful close-reading of poets Phillis Wheatley, Terrance Hayes, Natasha Trethewey, and Jericho Brown, this project explores the political and aesthetic possibility of extending the democracy of subjectivity and presiding intelligence to black aesthetic and intellectual productions. Moving away from the notion of blackness as fear-inducing, funky, reprobate, and disorderly, this project constantly seeks to play with the dark rather than play in the dark. This act of ‘playing with the dark’ manifests as an interrogation of Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man in relationship to quantum physics and visibility / invisibility of blackness. The project hopes to shake the very stable ground of the ontology of aesthetics and academic discourse.
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An understanding of the cadmium levels in the Australian wheat crop and areas of elevated levels that may be of concern to health has great potential for both the export market and the domestic consumer in Australia. This understanding is most effective if the sources of the cadmium in the wheat, the fate of the cadmium during the milling process and how this affects the levels in bread products is also known. The objectives of this study were to investigate cadmium levels in wheat from Australian silo sites, determine if a correlation existed between cadmium level and soil type, pH and fertiliser usage and determine the reasons for any correlation. In addition, to determine if the cadmium was partitioned during the normal commercial milling process into the milling fractions and how this affected cadmium levels in bread.

This dissertation constructs a cultural history of women's performances in Boston from 1762-1823, using materialist feminism and ethnohistory. I look at how "woman" was historically understood at that time, and how women used those discourses to their advantage when constructing performances that allowed them to intervene in political culture. I examine a broad range of performance activities from white, black, and Native American women of all classes. Chapter two discusses three of Boston's elite female intellectuals: Mercy Otis Warren, Judith Sargent Murray, and Sarah Wentworth Apthorp Morton. Though each woman's writings have been examined individually, I examine them as a community. With the connections and public recognition they built, they helped found the Federal Street Theatre where they could have a ventrioloquized embodied performance for their ideas on women's rights, abolition, and political parties. Chapter three looks at the construction of three solo performances: Phillis Wheatley performing her poetry in 1772; the 1802 theatre tour of Deborah Sampson Gannett, who fought as a man in the revolution; and the monologues and wax effigy creations of Patience Lovell Wright circa 1772. These women depended on their performances for sustenance, and in Wheatley's case, to secure her freedom from bondage. I look at the way these women created a mythology about themselves and crafted a marketable image, both on and off the stage. In particular, I examine the ways each grappled with a charged discourse surrounding their bodies. In chapter four I look at fashion as performance. I explore homespun dresses as political propaganda, Native American and black women's use of clothing to express cultural pride that white Anglo society had attempted to erase, and the way that women used mourning costumes to perform and create nationalism at the mock funerals held for Washington after he died in 1799. In my conclusion I contrast the 2008 miniseries John Adams with a solo performance of Phillis Wheatley. I briefly trace the trajectory of the history of women during this time. I argue that focusing on performance identifies and legitimizes other sources of evidence and locates examples of women's agency in shaping popular culture.
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碩士
國立中山大學
資訊管理學系研究所
93
The business in Taiwan are globalized gradually. In the past time, most of the headquarter and factory of business are established in Taiwan. Then, by considering of the overhead and the needs of market, they moved some factories abroad in droves. The headquarters of Taiwan product some high valuable productions, low value productions be produced in overseas, and then be formed gradually a model of supply chain management. The form become complexity because of business goes abroad step by step. Sometimes they import well-done productions or parts, another time they export productions. At depends on economical comparable benefit in global and the principle of division of labor. For focusing on running own business, Company let the unimportant and low value parts be outsourcing is an apparent trend. The essay is studying of local motorcycle company, and discussing about the factory of outsourcing or producing by themselves within business. Then providing a strategically decision model for manager, and a method of purchase and supplier’s management when make outsourcing. The process of this essay is discussing of the theory of source base, the theory of core ability, producing by themselves or outsourcing, the strategy of purchase, the theory of supply chain management, satellite system, and explain the profile of the motorcycle’s industry, and their business running model and the classifying of motorcycle parts, and the producing method of parts. Finally, providing a method of assessing to be reference materials. Keywords﹕core competence , business plan , outsourcing or producing by themselves , decision model