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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Wheat Physiology"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 30 gennaio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Wheat Physiology"

Paulsen, Gary. "Application of Physiology in Wheat Breeding". Crop Science 42, n. 6 (novembre 2002): 2228. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2002.2228.

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Tamblyn, Christian M., Rod J. Burke e Andrew H. Cobb. "Effects of CGA245704 on wheat physiology". Pesticide Science 55, n. 6 (giugno 1999): 676–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9063(199906)55:6<676::aid-ps980>3.0.co;2-u.

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Paulsen, Gary M. "Wheat: Ecology and Physiology of Yield Determination". Crop Science 40, n. 4 (luglio 2000): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2000.0018br.

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Harriman, Neil A. "Wheat. Ecology and Physiology of Yield Determination". Economic Botany 58, n. 3 (settembre 2004): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1663/0013-0001(2004)058[0502:dfabre]2.0.co;2.

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Fischer, R. A. "Wheat physiology: a review of recent developments". Crop and Pasture Science 62, n. 2 (2011): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp10344.

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This review focuses on recent advances in some key areas of wheat physiology, namely phasic development, determination of potential yield and water-limited potential yield, tolerance to some other abiotic stresses (aluminium, salt, heat shock), and simulation modelling. Applications of the new knowledge to breeding and crop agronomy are emphasized. The linking of relatively simple traits like time to flowering, and aluminium and salt tolerance, in each case to a small number of genes, is being greatly facilitated by the development of molecular gene markers, and there is some progress on the functional basis of these links, and likely application in breeding. However with more complex crop features like potential yield, progress at the gene level is negligible, and even that at the level of the physiology of seemingly important component traits (e.g., grain number, grain weight, soil water extraction, sensitivity to water shortage at meiosis) is patchy and generally slow although a few more heritable traits (e.g. carbon isotope discrimination, coleoptile length) are seeing application. This is despite the advent of smart tools for molecular analysis and for phenotyping, and the move to study genetic variation in soundly-constituted populations. Exploring the functional genomics of traits has a poor record of application; while trait validation in breeding appears underinvested. Simulation modeling is helping to unravel G × E interaction for yield, and is beginning to explore genetic variation in traits in this context, but adequate validation is often lacking. Simulation modelling to project agronomic options over time is, however, more successful, and has become an essential tool, probably because less uncertainty surrounds the influence of variable water and climate on the performance of a given cultivar. It is the ever-increasing complexity we are seeing with genetic variation which remains the greatest challenge for modelling, molecular biology, and indeed physiology, as they all seek to progress yield at a rate greater than empirical breeding is achieving.

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Muhammad I, Rana. "Growth Physiology of Spring Wheat Under Saline Conditions". Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 2, n. 17 (15 agosto 2003): 1156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2003.1156.1161.

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Ionescu, Nicolae, e Aurelian Penescu. "Aspects of Winter Wheat Physiology Treated with Herbicides". Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 6 (2015): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2015.08.037.

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Rieusset, Laura, Marjolaine Rey, Florence Wisniewski-Dyé, Claire Prigent-Combaret e Gilles Comte. "Wheat Metabolite Interferences on Fluorescent Pseudomonas Physiology Modify Wheat Metabolome through an Ecological Feedback". Metabolites 12, n. 3 (9 marzo 2022): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12030236.

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Plant roots exude a wide variety of secondary metabolites able to attract and/or control a large diversity of microbial species. In return, among the root microbiota, some bacteria can promote plant development. Among these, Pseudomonas are known to produce a wide diversity of secondary metabolites that could have biological activity on the host plant and other soil microorganisms. We previously showed that wheat can interfere with Pseudomonas secondary metabolism production through its root metabolites. Interestingly, production of Pseudomonas bioactive metabolites, such as phloroglucinol, phenazines, pyrrolnitrin, or acyl homoserine lactones, are modified in the presence of wheat root extracts. A new cross metabolomic approach was then performed to evaluate if wheat metabolic interferences on Pseudomonas secondary metabolites production have consequences on wheat metabolome itself. Two different Pseudomonas strains were conditioned by wheat root extracts from two genotypes, leading to modification of bacterial secondary metabolites production. Bacterial cells were then inoculated on each wheat genotypes. Then, wheat root metabolomes were analyzed by untargeted metabolomic, and metabolites from the Adular genotype were characterized by molecular network. This allows us to evaluate if wheat differently recognizes the bacterial cells that have already been into contact with plants and highlights bioactive metabolites involved in wheat—Pseudomonas interaction.

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Jat, Khyali Ram, R. N. Muralia e Arvind Kumar. "Physiology of Drought Tolerance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 167, n. 2 (agosto 1991): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037x.1991.tb00936.x.

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Waines, J. G., e B. Ehdaie. "Domestication and Crop Physiology: Roots of Green-Revolution Wheat". Annals of Botany 100, n. 5 (28 luglio 2007): 991–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcm180.

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Tesi sul tema "Wheat Physiology"

Iqbal, Rana Muhammad. "Growth and physiology of spring wheat under saline conditions". Thesis, Bangor University, 1992. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/growth-and-physiology-of-spring-wheat-under-saline-conditions(fadba57d-0627-4506-807a-e6c80792f57c).html.

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A series of experiments were carried out in solution culture in growt~ ~ooms and a glasshouse, to study the effects of sallnlty on leaf extension rate ion concentrations, sap osmotic pressure, net photosynthesis and related parameters, stom~tal frequency, specific leaf weight and a number of agronomlc parameters of spring wheat. Rate of net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and sub-stomatal carbon dioxide concentration per unit area of leaf were determined using an Infra-red Gas Analyser. Experiments 1 and 3 were conducted in growth rooms set at a temperature cycle of 24°Cj16°C day and night and photoperiod of 16 hours. The seedlings received light from a bank of 125W fluorescent 'warm white' lights which provided between 200-300 ~mol m- 2 s-l photosynthetically active radiation at initial plant level. Experiments 2, 4 and 5 were carried out in a glasshouse with no control of light and temperature. In Experiment 1 the salinity treatments tested were control (0 mol m- 3 NaCI), 'constant' and 'variable' salinity. In the constant salinity treatment plants were grown at 100 mol m- 3 NaCI all the time after initial salt stress. In the variable salinity treatment a 12 day cycle was repeated with daily increments of 10 mol m- 3 NaCI after initial salt stress of 50 mol m- 3 NaCI till it reached to 150 mol m- 3 NaCI. During the final two days of the cycle salinity was stepped down from 150 to 100 to 50 mol m- 3 NaCl. In Experiment 2 the salinity levels tested were 0, 50, 100 and 150 mol m- 3 NaCI. CaCI was added in this and later experiments at 20:1 (mol Na~:mol ca2+) ratio. The results of the both Experiments 1 and 2 suggested that salinity had no effect on leaf appearance stage but tiller production was decreased. Salinity decreased leaf extension rate and final leaf length but leaf extension duration was not affected. Although leaf extension rate was the main factor influencing final leaf length, there were no consistent quantitative relationships between these parameters in different leaves and at different salinity levels. Plants in variable salinity performed better than those in constant salinity but these treatments were not significantly different and gave similar results. The results of Experiment 2 showed that a gradient of Na+ and Cl- concentrations was found in different leaves. Higher Na+ and Cl- concentrations were found in lower leaves than in expanding leaves. Calculated Na+ and CI- contents (ion concentrations x dry weight) suggested that these ions were mainly located in roots, stem and tillers irrespective of salinity levels. The effect of salinity was to increase concentrations of leaf Na+, Cl- and sap osmotic pressure in the youngest fully expanded leaves whereas K+ concentration was inconsistently affected. When gas exchange measurements were made in situ on leaves, light intensity showed wide i variation due to movement of clouds. Variations in light intensity and absence of any equilibration prior to measurements made it difficult to detect any effects of salinity on gas exchange. Therefore to determine the effects of salinity on gas exchange in expanding and senescing leaves, in Experiments 3, 4 and 5, a strong light source capable of providing photon flux densities at or near light saturation for gas exchange was used. In Experiments 3 and 4 light response curves were produced using neutral density filters. Using an exponential model, maximum net photosynthesis photosynthetic efficiency, photon flux compensation point and dark respiration for salinities and leaf insertions were calculated. In Exper~~ent 3 the .s~linity levels tested were 0, 100 and 200 mol m NaCI. Sa11n1ty decreased green lamina area, maximum and net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf productivity but increased dark respiration and photon flux compensation point. Photosynthetic efficiency and transpiration efficiency were inconsistently affected. In Experiment 3 at 200 mol m- 3 NaCI leaf 6 senesced rapidly. Therefore in Experiment 4 the salinity levels tested were 0, 75 and 150 mol m- 3 NaCI. In Experiment 4 the parameters studied were identical to those in Experiment 3 except that the measurements were performed on leaf 5 and the flag leaf. In Experiment 4 a similar trend for gas exchange parameters was noted at 0 and 150 mol m- 3 NaCl but at 75 mol m- 3 NaCI Pn was higher than in the control due to delayed senescence. In both Experiments 3 and 4 leaf sap Na+, CI- and osmotic pressure increased and Pn decreased during senescence but there were no consistent relationships between these parameters for different leaves and salinity treatments. Experiments 2, 3 and 4 suggested that salinity increased stomatal frequency per unit leaf area but stomatal frequency per leaf and specific leaf weight were inconsistently affected. Experiment 5 was conducted to examine the effects of salinity on changes in gas exchange in the flag leaf and two penultimate leaves simultaneously. The salinity levels tested were 0, 75 and 150 mol m- 3 NaCI. The leaf x salinity interaction showed that salinity had larger effects on the flag leaf than leaves 2 and 3. The leaf x salinity interaction was significant for leaf temperature, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and transpiration efficiency but not for sUb-stomatal carbon dioxide concentration. Salinity significantly decreased all the yield components and grain yield. The results of these experiments suggest that salinity had large effects on photosynthesis, dry matter production and grain yield and that ion concentrations do not determine the observed changes in net photosynthesis with leaf age in salt stressed plants.

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O'Donoughue, Louise Stephanie. "Chromosome behaviour and reproductive physiology in cereal wide crosses". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357835.

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Al-Sobhi, Owdah Ayyad. "Greening and development in wheat seedlings". Thesis, Durham University, 1989. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6742/.

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The greening of etiolated first leaf blades of wheat (Triticium aestivum Mercia) seedlings (referred to in the text as leaf tissue) was studied in relation to tissue age and water stress. Use was made of whole seedlings, excised leaf blades and leaf blade segments. Responses to photoperiodic illumination were measured as changes in the levels of chlorophyll, total soluble protein and nucleic acids (both total and specific fractions). The pattern of greening in the whole seedlings, excised leaf blades and leaf blade segments was essentially the same in 6 and 10 day-old dark-grown tissues, where chlorophyll accumulation followed the age sequence along the leaf. Least chlorophyll accumulated in the tip of leaves of both ages but the older leaves contained less overall pigment than the younger leaves. Patterns of total soluble protein and total nucleic acid accumulation did not reflect the pattern shown by the chlorophyll. Protein accumulated most in the tip region, with nucleic acids being highest in the middle region. Water stress treatment reduced chlorophyll accumulation in leaf blade tissue, particularly in the intact seedlings. Protein levels, however, were more variable and appeared to reflect the ability of the younger tissue to accumulate this compound as a stress metabolite. Total nucleic acid levels were also elevated under water stress. Again, these effects were most marked on the intact seedlings, implying that an effect on the roots was also involved. The data from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of RNA fractions showed that the level of chloroplast RNA components was maintained up to 17 days for tissue incubated in the dark as well as in the light. Severe water stress treatments applied to the roots of whole seedlings resulted in the loss of ribosomal fraction in the leaves. However, this effect was not seen with mild water stress. Kinetin treatments during water stress did not appear to alter the pattern of cell component accumulation although in unstressed material, treatment with this compound enhanced chlorophyll accumulation slightly, especially in the young tissue. This indicates that, at the concentration used, the growth regulator was not able to alleviate the stress condition. The leaf blades of intact seedlings responded in a specific way which was much more pronounced than for excised leaf blades or leaf blade segments. It was concluded that some signalling was involved between the root and shoot tissues during water stress treatments.

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Allen, Gethyn John. "Sodium transport in wheat root plasma membrane vesicles". Thesis, Bangor University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357596.

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Hopkinson, Sarah J. "Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici, race c17 : physiology of uredospore germination and germtube differentiation". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27957.

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Germinating uredospores of race C17 of Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici form characteristic infection structures (appressorium, infection peg, vesicle, infection hypha) in response to a 1.5 h heat shock at 29° C administered 2 h after germination at 19° C. The proportion of sporelings forming infection structures was augmented by nutrients, n-nonyl alcohol and, an appropriately timed heat shock. The heat shock temperature required to induce maximum differentiation had a very precise optimum which varied slightly for each spore lot. Variations one degree above or below this optimum reduced the percent differentiation by greater than 40%. The presence of an inhibitor of protein synthesis, puromycin, in the germination medium: (1) prevented uredosporeling differentiation but had no effect on germination, (2) significantly reduced the proportion of germtubes forming appressoria, and (3) in most cases prevented the division of germtube nuclei. It was concluded that essential differentiation-specific proteins are synthesized from the onset of germination, throughout the formation of appressoria and to the completion of differentiation. These results were consistent with the observed effects of heat shock on the rate of protein hydrolysis. During germination there was a net hydrolysis of protein leading to an increase in size of the endogenous pool of free amino acids and to an increased leakage of amino acids to the germination medium. Heat shock effectively reduced the amount of endogenous free amino acids and the extent to which amino acids were lost to the medium. It was concluded that in heat shocked sporelings protein synthesis was increased relative to protein hydrolysis by comparison with the relative rates of these two processes in germinating (non-shocked) uredosporelings. Moreover, there was no net protein synthesis during the formation of infection structures induced by heat shock. The loss of amino acids to the germination medium was selective, particularly in heat shocked sporelings.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
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Wanchoo-Kohli, Aakriti. "The role of gibberellin in wheat grain development". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41368/.

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The plant hormone gibberellin (GA) is known to influence grain size and flour quality, flowering, development and germination in wheat. GA also induces the production of α-amylase by the aleurone layer and premature production of this enzyme during development results in degraded starch in the mature grain. While GA is proposed to have a negative effect on flour quality, it is essential for early grain development and these effects are separated both temporarily and spatially in the grain. It was the aim of this project to further understand the role GA plays in wheat grain development and in order to achieve this constructs were designed to alter GA metabolism or signalling in the seed-coat, endosperm, embryo or aleurone of developing wheat grains. In plants where GA content was manipulated in the developing endosperm it was shown that GA produced by this tissue is involved in regulating grain size and morphology. This was demonstrated by the differences observed between the transgenics and their nulls in grain size, hardness index and moisture content. Additionally, in these lines no differences were observed in the α-amylase levels, implying that GA produced by the endosperm might not be influencing the production of this enzyme. However, GA insensitivity introduced in the embryo and aleurone layers did not display the hypothesised phenotypes and was inconclusive in determining the role of GA signalling in grain development. During this project a reliable qPCR based method using TaqMan assays was also developed to determine zygosity of transgenic plants in the T1 generation. This method was successful in reducing the number of generations required to select homozygous material compared to more conventional methods.

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Cocker, Kay M. "Silicon amelioration of aluminium toxicity in wheat". Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363719.

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Mullan, Daniel John. "Physiology, comparative genomics and germplasm development for improvement of salt tolerance in hexaploid wheat". University of Western Australia. Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0104.

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[Truncated abstract] Lophopyrum elongatum, a wild relative of wheat, can be used as a source of novel genes for improving the salt tolerance of bread wheat. Na+ `exclusion? is a major physiological mechanism for salt tolerance in the wheat L. elongatum amphiploid, and a large proportion (~50%) of the improved Na+ `exclusion? is contributed by a gene(s) on chromosome 3E. This study integrated physiological analysis with comparative genomics to identify gene orthologues that may regulate Na+ transport, and designed and implemented molecular markers for developing wheat L. elongatum recombinant lines with reduced portions of L. elongatum chromatin retaining the Na+ `exclusion? trait. Physiological analysis of leaf Na+ accumulation in wheat L. elongatum substitution lines confirmed that the 3E chromosome contributes a major effect on reduced leaf Na+ accumulation in wheat when grown at 200 mM NaCl. Candidate genes from the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, controlling Na+ transport into and from cells (SOS1, HKT1) or compartmentalisation within vacuoles (NHX1, NHX5, AVP1, AVP2) were targeted for comparative analysis in wheat. Wheat gene orthologues were identified by BLAST searching to identify either FL-cDNAs or ESTs, which were subsequently used to amplify genomic DNA, and orthologues confirmed by similar intron-exon structure between Arabidopsis and rice. Intron-exon comparisons showed the majority of exons were conserved between Arabidopsis, rice and wheat, but also indicated exon shuffling events since divergence from a common ancestor. Gene orthologues were assigned to homoeologous chromosomes and non-syntenic regions between wheat and L. elongatum, with the SOS1 orthologue located on group 3 chromosomes in wheat and L. elongatum. ... The recombinant line 524-568 contains a small introgression on the distal end of the long arm of wheat chromosome 3A and represents the most desirable line presently available for further germplasm development. The main outcomes of this thesis have been an increased understanding of the physiology and evolution of orthologues for Na+ transport in wheat and L. elongatum, improved methodologies for designing alien-specific PCR markers, and the development of overlapping recombinant lines that provide a source of novel genes for pyramiding into wheat and improving its tolerance to salt stress.

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Nasser, Mansour Mohamed. "Heritability and morpho-physiology of drought tolerance in lines of Middle Eastern wheat". Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327347.

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Hindley, Eve Madelaine. "The effects of experimental fungicides on the yield physiology of wheat and barley". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288783.

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Libri sul tema "Wheat Physiology"

H, Satorre Emilio, e Slafer Gustavo A. 1960-, a cura di. Wheat: Ecology and physiology of yield determination. New York: Food Products Press, 1999.

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M, Plotnikova I͡U︡, e Gorlenko Mikhail Vladimirovich, a cura di. Rzhavchina pshenit͡s︡y: T͡s︡itologii͡a︡ i fiziologii͡a︡. Moskva: "Nauka", 1989.

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Balaur, N. S. Ontogeneticheskai͡a︡ adaptat͡s︡ii͡a︡ ėnergoobmena rasteniĭ. Kishinev: "Shtiint͡s︡a", 1989.

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Ravet, F. A meteorologically driven wheat stress indicator model. Houston, Tex: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, Crop Condition Assessment Division, 1997.

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International Wheat Conference (7th Mar del Plata, Argentina 2005). Wheat production in stressed environments: Proceedings of the 7th International Wheat Conference, 27 November - 2 December 2005, Mar del Plata, Argentina. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer, 2007.

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D'Arcier, Marima Faivre. What is balance? (London): Viking Kestrel, 1986.

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What Is life?: A guide to biology with physiology. New York: W.H. Freeman, 2011.

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What do my lungs do? Bath, United Kingdom: Parragon Publishing, 2001.

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What happens when your heart beats? New York: Rosen Pub. Group's PowerKids Press, 2009.

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illustrator, Mones Marc, a cura di. What makes your body work? St. Catharines, Ontario: Crabtree Publishing, 2016.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Wheat Physiology"

Rodrigues, Fabrício Ávila, Carlos Eduardo Aucique-Pérez, Daniel Debona e Jonas Alberto Rios. "Effect of Blast on Wheat Physiology". In Wheat Blast, 131–48. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2020]: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429470554-7.

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Tony Fischer, R. A. "History of Wheat Breeding: A Personal View". In Wheat Improvement, 17–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90673-3_2.

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AbstractFor more than a century, breeding has delivered huge benefits as a major driver of increased wheat productivity and of stability in the face of inevitable disease threats. Thus, the real cost of this staple grain has been reduced for billions of consumers. Steady breeding progress has been seen across many important traits of wheat, currently for potential yield averaging about 0.6% p.a. This yield progress continues to rely of extensive multilocational yield testing but has, however, become more difficult, even as new breeding techniques have improved efficiency. Breeding will continue to evolve as new approaches, being proposed with increasing frequency, are tested and found useful or not. High throughput phenotyping (HTPP), applying modern crop physiology, and molecular markers and genomic selection (GS) are in this phase right now. Such new techniques, along with pre-breeding for new traits, will likely play a larger role in this future improvement of wheat. New tools will also include genetic engineering (GE), as society’s need for its benefits become more urgent. The steady privatization of breeding seems unlikely to cease in the developed world but will continue to struggle elsewhere. It would seem wise, however, that a significant portion of the world’s pre-breeding research remains in the public sector, while maintaining close and equitable contact with those delivering new varieties.

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Seward, P., P. B. Barraclough e P. J. Gregory. "Modelling potassium uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum) crops". In Plant Nutrition — Physiology and Applications, 705–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0585-6_118.

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Webb, A. J., e B. Dell. "Effect of manganese supply on development of wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots". In Plant Nutrition — Physiology and Applications, 235–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0585-6_40.

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Foy, C. D., E. H. Lee, C. A. Coradetti e G. J. Taylor. "Organic acids related to differential aluminium tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars". In Plant Nutrition — Physiology and Applications, 381–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0585-6_63.

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Abrol, Y. P. "Pattern of nitrate assimilation and grain nitrogen yield in field-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum)". In Plant Nutrition — Physiology and Applications, 773–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0585-6_130.

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Schenk, D., e U. Feller. "Effect of phloem interruption on leaf senescence and nutrient redistribution in wheat (Triticum aestivum)". In Plant Nutrition — Physiology and Applications, 121–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0585-6_20.

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Zhen, R. G., e R. A. Leigh. "Nitrate accumulation by wheat (Triticum aestivum) in relation to growth and tissue N concentrations". In Plant Nutrition — Physiology and Applications, 17–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0585-6_3.

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Baligar, V. C., R. J. Wright, K. D. Ritchey e N. K. Fageria. "Bioassay technique to assess acid soil constraints for growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots". In Plant Nutrition — Physiology and Applications, 419–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0585-6_69.

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Momčilović, V., M. R. Sarić e A. Stojanović. "Some criteria for the assessment of genetic specificity for nitrogen concentration in wheat (Triticum aestivum)". In Plant Nutrition — Physiology and Applications, 735–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0585-6_123.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Wheat Physiology"

Mirskaya, Galina, N. Rushina, N. Sinyavina, A. Kochetov e Yuriy Chesnokov. "Using insensitive PPD-D1a allele for the early forms selection of bread wheat in the initial selection stages". In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.42.

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Determination the photoperiod-insensitive allele (Ppd-D1a) in wheat cultivars is necessary for use in breeding development of newly wheat cultivars. The aim of our study was to select breeding material by screening Ppd-D1 gene alleles and estimation value and the degree of heterosis in F1. Using these two methods, it is possible to select genetic material for increased breeding of new wheat lines that combine earliness and increased productivity. In this study 26 varieties of spring soft wheat were screened for the Ppd-D1 gene alleles. The Ppd-D1a allele was detected in 12 wheat varieties (ITMI 10, 29, 47, 57, 58, 59, 60, 89, 94, AFI-91, AFI-177, Opata 85), the recessive Ppd-D1b allele was detected in 14 wheat varieties (ITMI 7, 31, 32, 44, 80, 88, 83, 115, Zlata, Lisa, Agata, Lubava, W7984). Based on the results of a comprehensive assessment, parental pairs were chosen and 10 recombinants were obtained. Based on estimation value and the degree of heterosis of the main ear traits in F1, such as "ear length", "number of grains from the ear" and "weight of grains from the ear" were identified 4 crosses as initial to create wheat cultivars that combine earliness and increased productivity.

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Jelev, Natalia, Nina Zdioruk, Alexandru Dascaliuc, Iaroslav Parii e Iulia Parii. "Epigenetic in heritance and selection of heat and frost resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes". In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.40.

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The primary resistance and plasticity of the response to shock with negative temperatures (SNT) or heat shock (HS) of different winter wheat genotypes grown in Ukraine and then reproduced in Moldo-va are determined. The values of the mentioned parameters specifically varied depended on the genotype specificity and conditions of seeds reproduction. Thus, data support the hypothesis about the specificity of trans-generational inheritance of wheat genotypes adaptations to extreme temperatures. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between the resistance SNT value to HS and inversed value (HS/SNT) ratio may indicate the epigenetically inherited effects.

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Melian, Lolita, Liudmila Corlateanu, Victoria Mihailă e Doina Cutitaru. "Evaluarea potenţialului de păstrare a seminţelor mostrelor din colecţia de Triticum durum L." In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.17.

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The test of accelerated aging of seeds (AAS) was applied on 7 genotypes of durum wheat, and the morphophysiological parameters of seeds and seedlings, such as dynamics of seed germination, length of seedling roots, fresh and dry biomass of seedlings, were investigated. The genotypic features of collection samples of durum wheat were identified after exposure to stress factors (high temperature and humidity). Such a grouping of genotypes according to their potential ability to preserve the viability of seeds is an important complex characteristic of collection samples when they are placed for long-term storage in a plant gene bank.

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Платовский, Николай. "Динамика накопления хлорофилла в листьях Triticum aestivum L. в зависимости от глубины залегания узла кущения". In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.21.

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This research paper presents the results of the dynamics of the accumulation of the chlorophyll in-dex in winter soft wheat plants, depending on the depth of the tillering node. In conditions of lack of moisture, the deepening of the tillering node leads to the development of roots in more moisture-rich soil horizons, which reduces the risk of cultivating winter soft wheat. With the help of the chlorophyll index, it was possible to evaluate the effect of the deepening of the tillering node in the soil, as well as to assess the condition of plants and the rate of maturation.

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Rotari, Silvia, Svetlana Leatamborg e Andrei Gore. "Caracteristica hibrizilor interspecifici de grâu durum de toamnă". In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.70.

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In the result of our investigations, in 2016 2019, were obtained 220 hybrids of winter durum wheat with a percentaje of grain biding from 0 to 82.5% for interspecific hybrids. In interspecific hybrids from the first generation (F1), the complete domination is revealed only after the pubescence of the ear and the lack of awns. The color of the ear, the awns and the grains are inherited according to the intermediate type. Interspecific hybrids of F2 and subsequent descendants are characterized by a vigorous process of segregation with the appearance of durum and aestivum wheat with valuble agronomic indices.

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Dissanayake, Bhagya M. "Proteomic responses of wheat root tissues to salt stress in relation to root physiology". In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1049098.

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Арашкович, Светлана, e Дмитрий Войтка. "Разработка методики определения флудиоксонила в растениводческой продукции методом газовой хроматографии". In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.74.

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In the publication the methods of fludioxonyl determination in vegetable pea, potato and winter wheat by the method of gas chromatography with the mass-spectrometric detector is presented. The ex-traction method of soil preparation differs by the simplicity of execution, small use of reagents, expres-sion and provides with the purity of extracts necessary for getting the reproduced quantitative results.

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Lupascu, Galina, Svetlana Gavzer, Angela Rudacova e Ala Cherdivara. "Genotipuri noi de grâu comun de toamnă – productivitatea și calitatea boabelor". In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.59.

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The article presents data on the structural elements of the spike and the biochemical content of the grains in newly created common wheat winter genotypes, cultivated in extreme drought conditions of 2020. It was concluded that the lines and cultivars created by hybridization and individual selection of segregating populations are well adapted to drought and have a high nutritional value of grains which is of great practical interest.

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Sasco, Elena. "Efectele genetice implicate în răspunsul grăului comun la filtratul de cultură Drechslera sorokiniana (SACC.) subram". In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.71.

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Helminthosporiosis caused by the fungus Drechslera sorokiniana (Sacc.) causes significant crop and quality losses to Triticum aestivum L. in agroecological conditions with extreme humidity. Increasing the resistance is considered the most cost-effective and sustainable approach to disease control. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic effects involved in the inheritance of resistance, using the ge-netic model of character reproduction in descendants of wheat. Generations F1, F2, BCP1 and BCP2, de-scended from the mutual crossing of the parents Basarabeanca / Moldova 30 and Moldova 30 / Moldova 3 (P1 and P2) were evaluated for the response of callus characters to the action of D. sorokiniana culture filtrate on the medium Murashige Skoog. Fungal metabolites have decreased the effects of gene actions and epistatic interactions, but also their variance. The phenomenon corresponds to the decrease of callus indices. A great importance for the heredity of the character of the surface of the callus manifested the epistatic effects of additive-dominant (ad) type. In the case of callus biomass comparable to the mean val-ues were the a actions, but also the ad and dd epistatic effects. The predominant involvement of epistatic effects indicates the need for resistance selections to helminthosporiosis in late generations of wheat.

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Terletskaya, N. V., N. A. Altaeva e A. N. Zorbekova. "Alloplasmic lines of wheat. Photosynthesis and drought tolerance". In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-431.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Wheat Physiology"

Meriel Melendrez Mees, Meriel Melendrez Mees. How do California redwood stomata change with height? What are the implications in physiology and taxonomy? Experiment, marzo 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/25428.

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LaBonte, Don, Etan Pressman, Nurit Firon e Arthur Villordon. Molecular and Anatomical Characterization of Sweetpotato Storage Root Formation. United States Department of Agriculture, dicembre 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592648.bard.

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Original objectives: Anatomical study of storage root initiation and formation. Induction of storage root formation. Isolation and characterization of genes involved in storage root formation. During the normal course of storage root development. Following stress-induced storage root formation. Background:Sweetpotato is a high value vegetable crop in Israel and the U.S. and acreage is expanding in both countries and the research herein represents an important backstop to improving quality, consistency, and yield. This research has two broad objectives, both relating to sweetpotato storage root formation. The first objective is to understand storage root inductive conditions and describe the anatomical and physiological stages of storage root development. Sweetpotato is propagated through vine cuttings. These vine cuttings form adventitious roots, from pre-formed primordiae, at each node underground and it is these small adventitious roots which serve as initials for storage and fibrous (non-storage) “feeder” roots. What perplexes producers is the tremendous variability in storage roots produced from plant to plant. The marketable root number may vary from none to five per plant. What has intrigued us is the dearth of research on sweetpotato during the early growth period which we hypothesize has a tremendous impact on ultimate consistency and yield. The second objective is to identify genes that change the root physiology towards either a fleshy storage root or a fibrous “feeder” root. Understanding which genes affect the ultimate outcome is central to our research. Major conclusions: For objective one, we have determined that the majority of adventitious roots that are initiated within 5-7 days after transplanting possess the anatomical features associated with storage root initiation and account for 86 % of storage root count at 65 days after transplanting. These data underscore the importance of optimizing the growing environment during the critical storage root initiation period. Water deprivation during this phenological stage led to substantial reduction in storage root number and yield as determined through growth chamber, greenhouse, and field experiments. Morphological characterization of adventitious roots showed adjustments in root system architecture, expressed as lateral root count and density, in response to water deprivation. For objective two, we generated a transcriptome of storage and lignified (non-storage) adventitious roots. This transcriptome database consists of 55,296 contigs and contains data as regards to differential expression between initiating and lignified adventitious roots. The molecular data provide evidence that a key regulatory mechanism in storage root initiation involves the switch between lignin biosynthesis and cell division and starch accumulation. We extended this research to identify genes upregulated in adventitious roots under drought stress. A subset of these genes was expressed in salt stressed plants.

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Fridman, Eyal, e Eran Pichersky. Tomato Natural Insecticides: Elucidation of the Complex Pathway of Methylketone Biosynthesis. United States Department of Agriculture, dicembre 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696543.bard.

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Plant species synthesize a multitude of specialized compounds 10 help ward off pests. and these in turn may well serve as an alternative to synthetic pesticides to reduce environmental damage and health risks to humans. The general goal of this research was to perform a genetic and biochemical dissection of the natural-insecticides methylketone pathway that is specific to the glandular trichomes of the wild species of tomato, Solanumhabrochaites f. glabratum (accession PI126449). Previous study conducted by us have demonstrated that these compounds are synthesized de novo as a derivate pathway of the fatty acid biosynthesis, and that a key enzyme. designated MethylketoneSynthase 1 (MKS 1). catalyzes conversion of the intermediate B-ketoacyl- ACPs to the corresponding Cn-1 methylketones. The approach taken in this proposed project was to use an interspecific F2 population. derived from the cross between the cultivated lV182 and the wild species PIl26449. for three objectives: (i) Analyze the association between allelic status of candidate genes from the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway with the methylketone content in the leaves (ii) Perform bulk segregant analysis of genetic markers along the tomato genome for identifying genomic regions that harbor QTLs for 2TD content (iii) Apply differential gene expression analysis using the isolated glands of bulk segregant for identifying new genes that are involved in the pathway. The genetic mapping in the interspecific F2 population included app. 60 genetic markers, including the candidate genes from the FAS pathway and SSR markers spread evenly across the genome. This initial; screening identified 5 loci associated with MK content including the candidate genes MKS1, ACC and MaCoA:ACP trans. Interesting observation in this genetic analysis was the connection between shape and content of the glands, i.e. the globularity of the four cells, typical to the wild species. was associated with increased MK in the segregating population. In the next step of the research transcriptomic analysis of trichomes from high- and 10w-MK plants was conducted. This analysis identified a new gene, Methy1ketone synthase 2 (MKS2), whose protein product share sequence similarity to the thioesterase super family of hot-dog enzymes. Genetic analysis in the segregating population confirmed its association with MK content, as well as its overexpression in E. coli that led to formation of MK in the media. There are several conclusions drawn from this research project: (i) the genetic control of MK accumulation in the trichomes is composed of biochemical components in the FAS pathway and its vicinity (MKS 1 and MKS2). as well as genetic factors that mediate the morphology of these specialized cells. (ii) the biochemical pathway is now realized different from what was hypothesized before with MKS2 working upstream to I\1KS 1 and serves as the interface between primary (fatty acids) and secondary (MK) metabolism. We are currently testing the possible physical interactions between these two proteins in vitro after the genetic analysis showed clear epistatic interactions. (iii) the regulation of the pathway that lead to specialized metabolism in the wild species is largely mediated by transcription and one of the achievements of this project is that we were able to isolate and verify the specificity of the MKS1 promoter to the trichomes which allows manipulation of the pathways in these cells (currently in progress). The scientific implications of this research project is the advancement in our knowledge of hitherto unknown biochemical pathway in plants and new leads for studying a new family in plants (hot dog thioesterase). The agricultural and biotechnological implication are : (i) generation of new genetic markers that could assist in importing this pathway to cultivated tomato hence enhancing its natural resistance to insecticides, (ii) the discovery of MKS2 adds a new gene for genetic engineering of plants for making new fatty acid derived compounds. This could be assisted with the use of the isolated and verified MKS1 promoter. The results of this research were summarized to a manuscript that was published in Plant Physiology (cover paper). to a chapter in a proceeding book. and one patent was submitted in the US.

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Brosh, Arieh, David Robertshaw, Yoav Aharoni, Zvi Holzer, Mario Gutman e Amichai Arieli. Estimation of Energy Expenditure of Free Living and Growing Domesticated Ruminants by Heart Rate Measurement. United States Department of Agriculture, aprile 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580685.bard.

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Research objectives were: 1) To study the effect of diet energy density, level of exercise, thermal conditions and reproductive state on cardiovascular function as it relates to oxygen (O2) mobilization. 2) To validate the use of heart rate (HR) to predict energy expenditure (EE) of ruminants, by measuring and calculating the energy balance components at different productive and reproductive states. 3) To validate the use of HR to identify changes in the metabolizable energy (ME) and ME intake (MEI) of grazing ruminants. Background: The development of an effective method for the measurement of EE is essential for understanding the management of both grazing and confined feedlot animals. The use of HR as a method of estimating EE in free-ranging large ruminants has been limited by the availability of suitable field monitoring equipment and by the absence of empirical understanding of the relationship between cardiac function and metabolic rate. Recent developments in microelectronics provide a good opportunity to use small HR devices to monitor free-range animals. The estimation of O2 uptake (VO2) of animals from their HR has to be based upon a consistent relationship between HR and VO2. The question as to whether, or to what extent, feeding level, environmental conditions and reproductive state affect such a relationship is still unanswered. Studies on the basic physiology of O2 mobilization (in USA) and field and feedlot-based investigations (in Israel) covered a , variety of conditions in order to investigate the possibilities of using HR to estimate EE. In USA the physiological studies conducted using animals with implanted flow probes, show that: I) although stroke volume decreases during intense exercise, VO2 per one heart beat per kgBW0.75 (O2 Pulse, O2P) actually increases and measurement of EE by HR and constant O2P may underestimate VO2unless the slope of the regression relating to heart rate and VO2 is also determined, 2) alterations in VO2 associated with the level of feeding and the effects of feeding itself have no effect on O2P, 3) both pregnancy and lactation may increase blood volume, especially lactation; but they have no effect on O2P, 4) ambient temperature in the range of 15 to 25°C in the resting animal has no effect on O2P, and 5) severe heat stress, induced by exercise, elevates body temperature to a sufficient extent that 14% of cardiac output may be required to dissipate the heat generated by exercise rather than for O2 transport. However, this is an unusual situation and its affect on EE estimation in a freely grazing animal, especially when heart rate is monitored over several days, is minor. In Israel three experiments were carried out in the hot summer to define changes in O2P attributable to changes in the time of day or In the heat load. The animals used were lambs and young calves in the growing phase and highly yielding dairy cows. In the growing animals the time of day, or the heat load, affected HR and VO2, but had no effect on O2P. On the other hand, the O2P measured in lactating cows was affected by the heat load; this is similar to the finding in the USA study of sheep. Energy balance trials were conducted to compare MEI recovery by the retained energy (RE) and by EE as measured by HR and O2P. The trial hypothesis was that if HR reliably estimated EE, the MEI proportion to (EE+RE) would not be significantly different from 1.0. Beef cows along a year of their reproductive cycle and growing lambs were used. The MEI recoveries of both trials were not significantly different from 1.0, 1.062+0.026 and 0.957+0.024 respectively. The cows' reproductive state did not affect the O2P, which is similar to the finding in the USA study. Pasture ME content and animal variables such as HR, VO2, O2P and EE of cows on grazing and in confinement were measured throughout three years under twenty-nine combinations of herbage quality and cows' reproductive state. In twelve grazing states, individual faecal output (FO) was measured and MEI was calculated. Regression analyses of the EE and RE dependent on MEI were highly significant (P<0.001). The predicted values of EE at zero intake (78 kcal/kgBW0.75), were similar to those estimated by NRC (1984). The EE at maintenance condition of the grazing cows (EE=MEI, 125 kcal/kgBW0.75) which are in the range of 96.1 to 125.5 as presented by NRC (1996 pp 6-7) for beef cows. Average daily HR and EE were significantly increased by lactation, P<0.001 and P<0.02 respectively. Grazing ME significantly increased HR and EE, P<0.001 and P<0.00l respectively. In contradiction to the finding in confined ewes and cows, the O2P of the grazing cows was significantly affected by the combined treatments (P<0.00l ); this effect was significantly related to the diet ME (P<0.00l ) and consequently to the MEI (P<0.03). Grazing significantly increased O2P compared to confinement. So, when EE of grazing animals during a certain season of the year is estimated using the HR method, the O2P must be re measured whenever grazing ME changes. A high correlation (R2>0.96) of group average EE and of HR dependency on MEI was also found in confined cows, which were fed six different diets and in growing lambs on three diets. In conclusion, the studies conducted in USA and in Israel investigated in depth the physiological mechanisms of cardiovascular and O2 mobilization, and went on to investigate a wide variety of ruminant species, ages, reproductive states, diets ME, time of intake and time of day, and compared these variables under grazing and confinement conditions. From these combined studies we can conclude that EE can be determined from HR measurements during several days, multiplied by O2P measured over a short period of time (10-15 min). The study showed that RE could be determined during the growing phase without slaughtering. In the near future the development microelectronic devices will enable wide use of the HR method to determine EE and energy balance. It will open new scopes of physiological and agricultural research with minimizes strain on animals. The method also has a high potential as a tool for herd management.

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