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Articoli di riviste sul tema "West Persia Mission"
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Esenbel, Selçuk. "Shoes and Modern Civilization Between Racism and Imperialism: The 1880 Yoshida Masaharu Mission of Meiji Japan to Qajar Iran as Global History". GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON JAPAN, n. 2 (31 marzo 2019): 12–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.62231/gp2.160001a01.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper discusses the nineteenth century Meiji Japanese self-reflection on modernity, civilization and identity that was compelled to negotiate between Racism and Imperialism. The Meiji vision of a global world was made up of a hierarchy of nations according to their level of enlightenment and civilization using the West as a benchmark. The study of Yoshida Masaharu’s travel account Kaikyō Tanken Perusha no Tabi (The Expedition to the Islamic World: The Journey to Persia) (Tokyo: Hakubunka, 1894) shows this attitude. Yoshida’s book is also quite valuable as the firsthand account of the Japanese interaction in 1880 with Persia of the Qajar dynasty in Iran as an entry into the Muslim world. Sent by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Japanese Mission was a small-scale version of the famous Iwakura Mission to learn about the West earlier between 1871-1873, as an investigation expedition to study the Muslim Middle East-Islamic affairs. The Japanese Mission of seven members including an Army officer representing the newly established Sanbō Honbu, the Japanese General Staff, and five businessmen, were headed by the envoy Yoshida Masaharu, a liberal Constitutionalist from Tosa domain whose views colored his interpretation of Qajar Iran and Shah Nasir al-Din’s reforms using Western know-how. The Yoshida Mission’s experience shows us some of the enduring perceptions as well as stereotyped images among the general Japanese public even today classifying Islam as an alien religion and the Middle Eastern world as a strange geography: exotic but alien, fascinating but also unfamiliar. Shoes and Modern Civilization Between Racism and Imperialism: The 1880 Yoshida Masaharu Mission of Meiji Japan to Qajar Iran as Global History Selçuk Esenbel Department of History, Boğaziçi University 13 This paper argues that the Yoshida travelogue actually reveals to us the complex cultural and political layers with which Yoshida saw Qajar Iran and provides an instructive journey into the mind of a nineteenth century Meiji Japanese elite who still carried their Edo cultural background as well as the more obvious Westernism of the new regime in order to decipher the global context of Iran. In turn, the Yoshida Mission’s impact on Iranian intellectuals and their subsequent 1906 Constitutional Revolution shows the global influences and connections between the history of two so-called Non-Western worlds in the process of adapting Western forms and ideas in their respective reformist agendas.
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Raj, Pushpa. "Devasahayam: The First Martyr For Jesus Christ In Travancore". Proceedings Journal of Education, Psychology and Social Science Research 1, n. 1 (22 novembre 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21016/icepss.14031.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Travancore was the first and foremost among the princely states of India to receive the message of Jesus Christ. According to tradition, St. Thomas the Apostle came to India in 52 A.D. He made many conversions along the west coast of India. It had to the beginning of Christian Community in India from the early Christian era. He attained martyrdom in 72 A.D. at Calamina in St. Thomas mount, Madras. He was the first to be sacrificed for the sake of Christ in India. During the close of the second century A.D. the Gospel reached the people of southern most part of India, Travancore. Emperor Constantine deputed Theophilus to India in 354 A.D. to preach the Gospel. During this time the persecution of Christians in Persia seemed to have brought many Christian refugees to Malabar coast and after their arrival it strengthened the Christian community there. During the 4th century A.D. Thomas of Cana, a merchant from West Asia came to Malabar and converted many people. During the 6th century A.D. Theodore, a monk, visited India and reported the existence of a church and a few Christian groups at Mylapore and the monastery of St. Thomas in India. Joannes De Maringoly, Papal Legate who visited Malabar in 1348 has given evidence of the existence of a Latin Church at Quilon. Hosten noted many settlements from Karachi to Cape Comorin and from Cape Comorin to Mylapore. The Portuguese were the first European power to establish their power in India. Under the Portuguese, Christians experienced several changes in their general life and religion. Vas-co-da-gama reached Calicut on May 17, 1498. His arrival marked a new epoch in the history of Christianity in India. Many Syrian Catholics were brought into the Roman Catholic fold and made India, the most Catholic country in the East. Between 1535 to 1537 a group of Paravas were converted to Christianity by the Portuguese. In 1544 a group of fishermen were converted to Christian religion. St. Francis Xavier came to India in the year 1542. He is known as the second Apostle of India. He laid the foundation of Latin Christianity in Travancore. He could make many conversions. He is said to have baptized 30,000 people in South India. Roman Congregation of the propagation of Faith formed a Nemom Mission in 1622. The conversion of the Nairs was given much priority. As a result, several Nairs followed Christian faith particularly around Nemom about 8 k.m. south of Trivandrum. Ettuvitu pillaimars, the feudal chiefs began to persecute the Christians of the Nemom Mission. Martyr Devasahayam, belonged to the Nair community and was executed during the reign of Marthandavarma (1729-1758). It is an important chapter in the History of Christianity in South India in general, and of Travancore in particular.
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Gabriel, Reuben Louis. "Migration, Human Dislocation and the Good News". Mission Studies 31, n. 2 (14 luglio 2014): 206–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733831-12341334.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
At the dawn of the nineteenth century the British were keen on introducing a civilizational progress into what was perceived to be superstitious and regressing British India. Several strategies to achieve this objective were considered, of which one was to start by influencing the Indian communities that showed greatest promise and had a friendly disposition towards the British, and through their instrumentality reach the other Indian communities. The Parsees figured prominently among the handful communities the British were interested in for this purpose. Amongst nineteenth-century Christian missionaries in western India, John Wilson of Bombay shared this interest and vision. It encouraged him to adopt Enlightenment-inspired methods of determining truth and falsehood in the Parsee socio-religious system with the hope of inducing moral and religious change amongst the Parsees. When this strategy met with strong resistance he diverted his efforts to educating the Parsees. Wilson’s mission did not produce the results he hoped for. Instead his rigorous engagement with their beliefs and customs served a warning to the Parsees of the need to introduce reform within their community in order to survive in a milieu of intense social change. India’s tropical climate, its fertile and diverse landscape, the reputation of its elite religious and philosophical culture and the welcoming demeanor of its people have drawn conquering princes, tradesmen, travelers, missionaries and even economic and political refugees to her for several millennia. Today’s eclectic India with its multi-racial and culturally diverse population is the result of migration that happened since ancient times, especially from the regions to her north and west. Amongst the ethnic groups that migrated to become part of India were the Persians. Contact between Persia and India has existed for more than three thousand years. Those Persians who made India their home in ancient times lost their exclusive identity over time and amalgamated with the mainstream people groups of India. A later migration under desperate circumstances at the beginning of the Islamic era and as a result of Islamic persecution brought Persians once again to the shores of India. These relatively recent refugees retained their identity and came to be known as Parsees. This paper is about them and about the efforts of one of British India’s leading Christian missionaries of the nineteenth century – John Wilson – to Christianize them. Not many Parsees converted to the Christian faith as a result of Wilson’s efforts, but the entire episode has much to offer by way of lessons for Christian mission amongst migrants and dislocated people.
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MURRE-VAN DEN BERG, H. L. "Geldelijk of Geestelijk Gewin? Assyrische Bisschoppen Op De Loonlijst Van Een Amerikaanse Zendingspost". Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis / Dutch Review of Church History 77, n. 2 (1997): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/002820397x00270.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractIn the forties of last century, American Protestant missionaries, sent forth by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, were working among the Assyrian (Nestorian) Christians in northwestern Iran. Nearly ten years after its beginnings, the 'Nestorian mission' went through a difficult period. Not only had the mission to cope with opposition from Roman Catholic missionaries and the Persian government, but also with internal quarrels about the preferred policy of the mission. The internal conflict concentrated on the employment of Assyrian bishops by the mission. Some of the missionaries were convinced that the earlier cooperation of the bishops with the mission was only to be attributed to the fact that they received salaries, rather than out of conviction. Even more, the mission's employment of the bishops could be understood as its approval of the episcopal organisation and various customs of the Assyrian Church. For some of the missionaries, these consequences were hard to accept. Their opponents within the mission greatly valued the positive aspects of the employment of the bishops: it provided the missionaries with good opportunities to preach among the Assyrians, at the same time showing the Assyrians that the Protestants' main aim was not to subvert their customs but to stimulate a revival within the Assyrian Church. In this article, I have argued that it were these opportunities for preaching among the Assyrians which constituted the main reason for Rufus Anderson to support the latter party, even if some aspects of their policy were not in line with the general policy of the American Board of that time. As to the reasons for the Assyrian bishops to work with the American missionaries, I assume that both 'spiritual' and 'material' aspects were involved; the main reason, however, not being the bishops' attraction to the Protestant faith as such, but to the process of modernization and emancipation which the Protestant mission was thought to represent.
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Greaves, Ross L. "Sīstān in British Indian frontier policy". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 49, n. 1 (febbraio 1986): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00042518.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Sīstān (Sijistān or Sāgistān) came within the scope of British Indian frontier defence during the Napoleonic era. Lord Minto sent out missions to the Punjab, Sind, Baluchistan, Afghanistan and Persia in order to acquire reliable information about the borderlands. Captain Charles Christie and Lieutenant Eldred Pottinger in 1810 explored the route westward into Persia from Baluchistan. Christie separated from the others at Nushki and travelled to Herat via Sīstān before joining Pottinger in Iṣfahān. According to Christie: Seistan is a very small province on the banks of the Helmind, comprising not more than five hundred square miles, bounded on the north and northeast by Khorasan, on the west by Persia, and on the south and south-east it is separated from Mukran by an uninhabited desert.
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Buck, Christopher. "Bahá’u’lláh as “World Reformer”". Journal of Baha’i Studies 3, n. 4 (1991): 23–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31581/jbs-3.4.2(1991).
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Vindicating the mission of the Persian reformer known as the Báb (d. 1850) Bahá’u’lláh’s Book of Certitude (1862) focused on spiritual authority from an Islamic perspective. In this work, a subtext may be discerned, in which Bahá’u’lláh intimates his own mission in the same terms of reference. Later, in his epistles to the monarchs of Europe and West Asia (1866–1869), Bahá’u’lláh exercised that authority and spoke of world reform. This article places Bahá’u’lláh in the context of Islamic reform, with particular reference to the advocacy of constitutional democracy by prominent Iranian secularists. In an ideological ether pervaded by “Westoxication,” Bahá’u’lláh sought to reverse the direction of Western influence. Bahá’u’lláh prosecuted his own reforms in three stages: Bábí reform; Persian reform; and world reform. In the centrifugal sequence, Bahá’u’lláh is shown to have bypassed Islamic reform altogether in his professed role as “World Reformer.”
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Kritsiotis, Dino. "The Legality of the 1993 US Missile Strike on Iraq and the Right of Self-Defence in International Law". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 45, n. 1 (gennaio 1996): 162–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002058930005870x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the early evening hours of Saturday, 26 June 1993, the United States launched a missile attack on Iraq. Twenty-three Tomahawk sea-to-ground missiles were fired from two US warships, the USS Chancellorsville and the USS Peterson, located in the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea respectively.1Sixteen of those launched hit their desired military target, the Military Intelligence Headquarters, situated just outside the Iraqi capital of Baghdad. A further four missiles fell within the compound of the intelligence service complex. Conflicting reports put the death toll at between six and eight civilians, with 20 injured, when the remaining three missile warheads went astray.2The Venezuelan Embassy was also reported to have been damaged.3
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Dermer, Philip J. "Trip Notes on a Return to Israel and The West Bank: Reflections on U.S. Peacemaking, the Security Mission, and What Should be Done". Journal of Palestine Studies 39, n. 3 (2010): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2010.xxxix.3.66.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The following document, previously unpublished, was written in March 2010 by a recently retired ( June 2009) U.S. Army colonel with thirty years experience in the Middle East, including tours of duty and advisory roles (in both military/security and civilian domains) from North Africa to the Persian Gulf. The subject of the informal report is the author's first two trips as a "civilian" to Israel and the West Bank, where he had served two tours of duty, most recently as U.S. military attachéé in Tel Aviv during Israel's 2005 unilateral disengagement from Gaza and the formation of the U.S. Security Coordinator's (USSC) mission to reform Palestinian Authority (PA) security forces. Written as an internal document for military colleagues and government circles, the report has been circulating widely——as did the author's earlier briefings on travel or missions in Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, and especially Iraq——among White House senior staff, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Defense Intelligence Agency, CENTCOM (U.S. Central Command), EUCOM (U.S. European Command), and the USSC team. The document's focus is the state of the "peace process" and the current situation in the West Bank, with particular attention to the PA security forces and the changes on the ground since the author's last tour there ended in mid-2007. But the real interest of the paper lies in the message directed at its intended audience of military and government policy officials——that is, its frank assessment of the deficiencies of the U.S. peace effort and the wider U.S. policy-making system in the Israel-Palestine arena, with particular emphasis on the disconnect between the situation on the ground and the process led by Washington. The critique has special resonance in light of the emerging new thinking in the administration fueled by the military high command's unhappiness (expressed by CENTCOM commander General David Petraeus and Joint Chiefs of Staff chairman Admiral Michael Mullen) with the State Department's handling of Middle East diplomacy, especially with regard to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, on the grounds that diplomatic failures are having a negative impact on U.S. operations elsewhere in the region. For most JPS readers, the report has additional interest as an insider's view of the U.S. security presence in the Israel-Palestine arena. It also reflects a military approach that is often referenced but largely absent in public discourse and academic writings. The author, in addition to his tours of duty and peacekeeping missions in various Middle Eastern countries, has served as advisor to two U.S. special Middle East envoys, the U.S. negotiating team with Syria, General Petraeus, Lieutenant General Keith Dayton, Vice President Dick Cheney, and, more generally, to CENTCOM, the Department of Defense, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff, among others. In retirement, he has worked with CENTCOM as a key primary subject matter expert in the development of analyses and solutions for its area of responsibility, leads predeployment briefings for army units heading to Iraq, and travels frequently to Iraq and elsewhere in the region as an independent consultant. He is currently in Afghanistan with the CENTCOM commander's Afghanistan-Pakistan Center of Excellence. The report, made available to JPS, is being published with the author's permission.
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Lee, Ju Hyoung. "Using Ranked Probability Skill Score (RPSS) as Nonlocal Root-Mean-Square Errors (RMSEs) for Mitigating Wet Bias of Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Soil Moisture". Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 86, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2020): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14358/pers.86.2.91.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
To mitigate instantaneously evolving biases in satellite retrievals, a stochastic approach is applied over West Africa. This stochastic approach independently self-corrects Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (<small>SMOS</small>) wet biases, unlike the cumulative density function (<small>CDF</small>) matching that rescales satellite retrievals with respect to several years of reference data. Ranked probability skill score (<small>RPSS</small>) is used as nonlocal root-mean-square errors (<small>RMSEs</small>) to assess stochastic retrievals. Stochastic method successfully decreases <small>RMSEs</small> from 0.146 m3/m3 to 0.056 m3/m3 in the Republic of Benin and from 0.080 m3/m3 to 0.038 m3/m3 in Niger, while the <small>CDF</small> matching method exacerbates the original <small>SMOS</small> biases up to 0.141 m3/m3 in Niger, and 0.120 m3/m3 in Benin. Unlike the <small>CDF</small> matching or European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (<small>ECMWF</small>) Re-Analysis (<small>ERA</small>))–interim soil moisture, only a stochastic retrieval responds to Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission rainfall. Based on the effects of bias correction, RPSS is suggested as a nonlocal verification without needing local measurements.
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Rajaoalison, Herimitsinjo, Dariusz Knez e Mohammad Ahmad Mahmoudi Zamani. "A Multidisciplinary Approach to Evaluate the Environmental Impacts of Hydrocarbon Production in Khuzestan Province, Iran". Energies 15, n. 22 (18 novembre 2022): 8656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228656.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
From the late 1900s onward, hydrocarbon exploitation has led to severe environmental footprints in the Khuzestan province, Iran. However, no comprehensive study has been conducted to evaluate such issues. In this research, an inclusive analysis was performed to investigate these environmental impacts. To do this, first, two datasets related to a 15-year period (2006–2021) were collated: the satellite data from the Sentinel-1 mission and the seismic data recorded by the National Iranian Geophysics Institute as well as the catalog of the global Centroid Moment Tensor project (CMT). These datasets were processed using generic mapping tools (GMT), differential synthetic aperture radar (D-InSAR) techniques, and multiple processing algorithms using a specific toolbox for oil spill application in the sentinel application platform (SNAP) programming, respectively. The results revealed three critical footprints, including regional earthquakes, land subsidence, and oil spill issues in the area. The most frequent earthquakes originated from depths less than 15 km, indicating the disturbance of the crustal tectonics by the regional hydrocarbons. Furthermore, an annual rate of land subsidence equal to 10–15 cm was observed in the coastal areas of the Khuzestan province. Moreover, two regions located in the north and west of the Persian Gulf were detected as the permanently oil-spilled areas. The applied methodology and results are quite applicable to restrict the harmful consequences of hydrocarbon production in the study area. This research will benefit not only government officials and policymakers, but also those looking to understand the environmental challenges related to oil and gas production, especially in terms of sustainable goals for the management of natural resources.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "West Persia Mission"
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Lehmann, Alexander A., Diana R. Roen, Zoltán Megyesi e Paul V. Lehmann. "Reagent Tracker™ Platform Verifies and Provides Audit Trails for the Error-Free Implementation of T-Cell ImmunoSpot® Assays". In Methods in Molecular Biology, 105–15. New York, NY: Springer US, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3690-9_7.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractELISPOT and FluoroSpot assays, collectively called ImmunoSpot assays, permit to reliable detection of rare antigen-specific T cells in freshly isolated cell material, such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Establishing their frequency within all PBMC permits to assess the magnitude of antigen-specific T-cell immunity; the simultaneous measurement of their cytokine signatures reveals these T-cells’ lineage and effector functions, that is, the quality of T-cell-mediated immunity. Because of their unparalleled sensitivity, ease of implementation, robustness, and frugality in PBMC utilization, T-cell ImmunoSpot assays are increasingly becoming part of the standard immune monitoring repertoire. For regulated workflows, stringent audit trails of the data generated are a requirement. While this has been fully accomplished for the analysis of T-cell ImmunoSpot assay results, such are missing for the wet laboratory implementation of the actual test performed. Here we introduce a solution for enhancing and verifying the error-free implementation of T-cell ImmunoSpot assays.
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Ebrahimi, Sara Honarmand. "Missionaries and the Development of Novel Hospital Designs". In Emotion, Mission, Architecture, 67–113. Edinburgh University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486576.003.0003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter questions the assumtion that mission hospital wards were universally meant to demonstrate Christian order and cleanliness. It does so by examining the architecture of the medical missions and practices facilitated through architecture. Situating the architecture of the hospitals in the context of colonial and hospital architecture in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, it highlightes that missionaries adapted local architectural forms and elements that were fully caught up in the daily lives of the local people and employed and developed a wide range of construction methods as well as different types of hospital plans and ward designs. This runs in counter to the tendency in Britain and other parts of the West to aim for standardisation among all wards and between hospitals. Missionaries drew on the architecture of Islamic four-part gardens or Persian courtyard houses and incorporated details and ornamentations associated with Mughal-era or used construction methods local to the respective regions and found in domestic spaces such as the Kermani arch.
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Bailey, Lt Col F. M. "Frontier Skirmish". In Mission to Tashkent, 279–86. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192803870.003.0025.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract We were now nearing the Persian frontier. Wells and inhabitants had been comparatively frequent. We left Gumbezli well at about nine in the evening and travelled along the direct and fairly well marked track leading to Sarakhs, the town on the Persian frontier. We could not travel directly there. A Russian town with a Bolshevik garrison stood on this side of the river which formed the frontier here. So after going for some way along this track, we left it and steered due west by the stars. We once passed a shepherd’s camp and hailed the people, asking them to let us have some grain for our horses. They were terrified of us and said they had none, that there was a well half an hour’s journey off in the direction we were taking, and that if we did not go at once they would shoot. We never found this well and I doubt whether it existed. This was serious, as we were getting desperate; we had given the very last of our grain to our ponies and had been hoping to buy some in this slightly more populous region. Soon after this we crossed a track of real desert twenty versts wide, on which nothing grew. The people called it Kerk, but whether this was a name for this peculiar type of land or the name of the locality I did not find out. We could not halt on this as there was no fuel and it was terribly cold. There was a moon shortly after midnight. By its light we saw that we crossed a well-worn track cutting across our direction. Our guides knew this and said it led to Sarakhs. At two-forty a.m. we came on saxaul bushes again and halted, lit fires, warmed ourselves and slept. The Russians spent a long time preparing tea, time which I think would have been better spent in sleep. We had travelled sixty-four versts this day — about forty-two miles.
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"Islamic West Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean". In Amazons, Savages, and Machiavels, a cura di Matthew Dimmock e Andrew Hadfield, 188–237. 2a ed. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198871552.003.0006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This area, from the Black and Caspian Seas to the Mediterranean, was dominated by Islam and the Ottoman Empire, which had expanded impressively in the later Middle Ages, especially under the imperial rule of the powerful Sultan, Suleiman the Magnificent, whose Pan-Ottoman strategy absorbed a range of diverse peoples under his sole rule. The English were eager to trade with the Ottomans and to forge an alliance with the empire in particular to counteract the hegemony of Spain in Western Europe and a number of trade missions were sent which are reproduced here. The increased prominence of Ottoman power then led English dramatists to produce stage figures caricaturing the bombastic Turk. This chapter includes extracts from Anthony Jenkinson on his journey to the Caspian Sea through the lands of the Tatars; Thomas Dallam, who travelled to Istanbul to deliver an organ to the emperor, Mehmed III; Anthony Sherley, a wily and self-serving diplomat who was entrusted with establishing relations in Persia; Fynes Moryson on the nature and characteristics of the Ottoman Empire; and George Sandys, Henry Timberlake, and William Lithgow on the Jews in Ottoman Palestine and Jerusalem.
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Schulz, Raimund J. "Epilogue". In To the Ends of the Earth, 392–410. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197668023.003.0010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Antiquity was the first ‘hot’ phase of discovery in historical times. It began with the search for precious metals and luxuries for the great powers of the Bronze Age. Then came the trade and colonizing voyages of the Greeks, Phoenicians, and Carthaginians. From the fifth century bce, large empires such as Persia, Macedonia under Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic kingdoms, and, finally, Rome in the west and the Han Empire in the east encouraged long-distance trade and sent envoys on faraway missions. This led to a first globalization of the Eurasian world. It was fuelled by competitive rivalry and a mentality that combined the quest for riches with the expansion of political and military power. The constant stream of new knowledge and experiences promoted the development and evolution of various sciences, from ethnography and geography to astronomy and cosmology. Our world still draws on this legacy.
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Stanley, Brian. "The Power of the Word and Prophecy". In Christianity in the Twentieth Century, 57–78. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196848.003.0004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter traces a number of different trajectories whereby a religion emanating from Western societies became, in the course of the twentieth century, a faith rooted in the soil of West African or Melanesian societies. Catholic missions before Vatican II were fearful of unleashing the vernacular Bible on the laity and relied instead on a tightly controlled network of schools to grow a Christian community from childhood upwards. Conversion came not through sudden movements of indigenous revival and initiative, but through the steady growth in the numbers of school rolls and hence of the baptized. Meanwhile, Protestant mission schools were even more conscious than their Catholic counterparts of the dangers of mere head knowledge or forms of adherence to the church that appeared to lack strong personal conviction. The real point of education was that it opened the door to read the Bible for oneself, in one's own language, and thus laid the individual soul open to the regenerating power of the Spirit. However, reading the scriptures in one's own language was enough to permit individual and corporate appropriations of the Christian message that radically challenged European preconceptions. As vernacular translations exposed the extent to which European Christianity had denuded the biblical text of its prophetic and miraculous elements, Africans and Melanesians who had unusual charismatic gifts or mana sometimes assumed the mantle of the prophets and challenged their missionary mentors to join their many indigenous converts in believing their mighty works.
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Chatonnet, Françoise Briquel, e Muriel Debié. "Missionary Communities". In The Syriac World, 113–37. Yale University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300253535.003.0005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter focuses on Syriac encounters with various cultures through evangelism. Syriac churches, especially the Church of the East, were strongly evangelistic and carried the gospel beyond the Mediterranean world in an expansion unparalleled in either antiquity or the Middle Ages. Bordered to the west by the Greek Christian world and to the north by the Armenians, the Syriac missions mainly focused on the south and the east. Syriac missionaries did not arrive as part of an army or invading power, but rather in merchant caravans and among refugees. The Syriac churches were thus in contact with all kinds of peoples, languages, and cultures. Bound together by the same religion, Syriac churches included not only those who spoke various vernacular forms of Aramaic but also those who spoke Persian, Arabic, Sogdian, Uighur, Turkic, and myriad languages from Central Asia, China, and India. As a result, Syriac could not be identified with a single people, ethnicity, or state, as was the case with Copts and Armenians. Instead, Syriac culture was truly international.
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"CHAPTER XXXII. The Seventeenth-Nineteenth Century. Patriarchs and Regents. Many of the Syrian Christians Who Had Been Forced to Become Roman Catholics Went Back to Their Old Faith. Mar Denkah Shimon Transferred the Patriarchal Residence from the Village of Raban Dadishu to Kudshanes, Where It Has Been for More than 200 Years and Where It is Still. War Between Russia and Persia. The Old Syrian Church With Its Great Traditions Collapsed. The Morning Star Proclaims the Coming Day. Joseph Wolf Came to Urmia. The American Mission of Urmia. Rev. Smith and Rev. Davis Came to Urmia. The Report About the Syrian Church. Perkin's Journey to Persia. Mar Johannan, Bishop of Gavilan. Mar Elias, Bishop of Gugtapa. Mar Abraham, the Patriarch". In History of the Syrian Nation and the Old Evangelical-Apostolic Church of the East, 321–31. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463211462-038.
Testo completoRapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "West Persia Mission"
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Sopein-Mann, Oluwafunmike, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn e Kari L. Clase. Medicines Regulation in West Africa: Current State and Opportu-nities. Purdue University, dicembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317443.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ndomondo-Sigonda et al. (2017) observed that there is scarcity of information on human resources (person-nel devoted to regulation of medicines) in the domain of medicines regulation in the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The published information on medicines regulation by the National Medicines Regulatory Authorities (NMRAs) in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region are no longer current and consistent with the current realities in the NMRAs. In order to reveal this occurrence, show the trends that exist over the years and make appropriate recommendations, data were collected and compared from 2005, 2010 and 2017 research reports on seven regulatory features of the fifteen Members States of ECOWAS. The re-sults show that there was missing information per regulatory feature and country. There was also an overall increasing trend in the number of NMRAs in the region that showed progress with respect to the measured regulatory features - Autonomy (Authority and Legal form), Marketing Authorization), GMP inspection, Quality Control, Quality Management System, Information Management System and Harmonization and International cooperation. People of Africa have a valuable story to tell as it relates to medicines regulation. This report is written by a West African from the perspective of a West African involved in the study and practice of medi-cines regulation by the NMRAs in the ECOWAS.