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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Wave impact"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 1 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Wave impact"

Takagi, Emiko, Yasuhiko Saito e Angelique W. M. Chan. "A Longitudinal Study of the Impact of Loneliness on Personal Mastery Among Older Adults in Singapore". Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (1 dicembre 2020): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1017.

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Abstract This study uses longitudinal data to examine the association between older adults’ sense of mastery and loneliness. We examined the data of a nationally representative sample of adults 60 years and older in Singapore (Wave1, n=4,990) from the Panel of Health and Aging among Older Singaporeans Survey. The initial participants were followed up in 2011 (Wave2, n=3,103) and in 2015 (Wave3, n=1,572). At each wave, emotional loneliness was assessed using the UCLA three-item loneliness scale and sense of mastery was measured with the five items from the Pearlin Mastery Scale. We conducted cross-lagged regression analyses where loneliness and personal mastery scores in each wave were treated as endogenous variables along with covariates including demographic characteristics, health conditions, and the overall strength of social network measured by Lubben Social Network Scale. The results showed that loneliness in wave 1 and wave 2 respectively predicted a lower level of personal sense of mastery in subsequent waves. However, the other direction, the influence of personal mastery in wave 1 and wave 2 on loneliness at subsequent waves, was not significant. Furthermore, the analysis showed that older adults’ relatively strong social network was related to a lower level of loneliness and a higher sense of mastery at Wave 3. The finding suggests that loneliness plays a critical role in influencing older adults’ personal sense of mastery and that the strength of social network is an important mediator of loneliness and personal sense of mastery amongst older adults and a potential area for intervention.

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Verao Fernandez, Gael, Vasiliki Stratigaki, Panagiotis Vasarmidis, Philip Balitsky e Peter Troch. "Wake Effect Assessment in Long- and Short-Crested Seas of Heaving-Point Absorber and Oscillating Wave Surge WEC Arrays". Water 11, n. 6 (29 maggio 2019): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11061126.

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In the recent years, the potential impact of wave energy converter (WEC) arrays on the surrounding wave field has been studied using both phase-averaging and phase-resolving wave propagation models. Obtaining understanding of this impact is important because it may affect other users in the sea or on the coastline. However, in these models a parametrization of the WEC power absorption is often adopted. This may lead to an overestimation or underestimation of the overall WEC array power absorption, and thus to an unrealistic estimation of the potential WEC array impact. WEC array power absorption is a result of energy extraction from the incoming waves, and thus wave height decrease is generally observed downwave at large distances (the so-called “wake” or “far-field” effects). Moreover, the power absorption depends on the mutual interactions between the WECs of an array (the so-called “near field” effects). To deal with the limitations posed by wave propagation models, coupled models of recent years, which are nesting wave-structure interaction solvers into wave propagation models, have been used. Wave-structure interaction solvers can generally provide detailed hydrodynamic information around the WECs and a more realistic representation of wave power absorption. Coupled models have shown a lower WEC array impact in terms of wake effects compared to wave propagation models. However, all studies to date in which coupled models are employed have been performed using idealized long-crested waves. Ocean waves propagate with a certain directional spreading that affects the redistribution of wave energy in the lee of WEC arrays, and thus gaining insight wake effect for irregular short-crested sea states is crucial. In our research, a new methodology is introduced for the assessment of WEC array wake effects for realistic sea states. A coupled model is developed between the wave-structure interaction solver NEMOH and the wave propagation model MILDwave. A parametric study is performed showing a comparison between WEC array wake effects for regular, long-crested irregular, and short-crested irregular waves. For this investigation, a nine heaving-point absorber array is used for which the wave height reduction is found to be up to 8% lower at 1.0 km downwave the WEC array when changing from long-crested to short-crested irregular waves. Also, an oscillating wave surge WEC array is simulated and the overestimation of the wake effects in this case is up to 5%. These differences in wake effects between different wave types indicates the need to consider short-crested irregular waves to avoid overestimating the WEC array potential impacts. The MILDwave-NEMOH coupled model has proven to be a reliable numerical tool, with an efficient computational effort for simulating the wake effects of two different WEC arrays under the action of a range of different sea states.

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Grilli, Stephan T., Jeffrey C. Harris, Fengyan Shi, James T. Kirby, Tayebeh S. Tajalli Bakhsh, Elise Estibals e Babak Tehranirad. "NUMERICAL MODELING OF COASTAL TSUNAMI IMPACT DISSIPATION AND IMPACT". Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, n. 33 (15 dicembre 2012): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.currents.9.

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Recent observations of the coastal impact of large tsunamis (e.g., Indian Ocean 2004; Tohoku 2011) and related numerical and theoretical works have made it increasingly clear that tsunami waves arrive nearshore as a series of long waves (so-called N-waves) with, often, the superposition of undular bores around each crest. Such wave trains are much more complex and very much in contrast with the solitary wave paradigm which for a long time was the accepted idealization of tsunami waves in both experimental and numerical work. The dissipation associated with these breaking bores can be very large, particularly over a wide and shallow continental shelf such as along the east coast of North America, particularly for the shorter waves associated with tsunamis generated by Submarine Mass Failures (SMFs). In this paper, we perform numerical simulations of tsunami coastal impact in the context of both idealized laboratory experiments and several tsunami case studies. We attempt to clarify the key physical processes at play in such cases, and discuss the parameterization of long wave dissipation and implications for models of coastal tsunami hazard assessment.

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Li, Zhisong, Kirti Ghia, Ye Li, Zhun Fan e Lian Shen. "Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes investigation of free surface wave impact on tidal turbine wake". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 477, n. 2246 (febbraio 2021): 20200703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0703.

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Tidal current is a promising renewable energy source. Previous studies have investigated the influence of surface waves on tidal turbines in many aspects. However, the turbine wake development in a surface wave environment, which is crucial for power extraction in a turbine array, remains elusive. In this study, we focus on the wake evolution behind a single turbine and its interaction with surface waves. A numerical solver is developed to study the effects of surface waves on an industrial-size turbine. A case without surface wave and two cases with waves and different rotor depths are investigated. We obtain three-dimensional flow field descriptions near the free surface, around the rotor, and in the near- and far-wake. In a comparative analysis, the time-averaged and instantaneous flow fields are examined for various flow characteristics, including momentum restoration, power output, free surface elevation and vorticity dynamics. A model reduction technique is employed to identify the coherent flow structures and investigate the spatial and temporal characteristics of the wave–wake interactions. The results indicate the effect of surface waves in augmenting wake restoration and reveal the interactions between the surface waves and the wake structure, through a series of dynamic processes and the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability.

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Gonzalez-Santamaria, Raul, Qingping Zou, Shunqi Pan e Roberto Padilla-Hernandez. "MODELLING WAVE-TIDE INTERACTIONS AT A WAVE FARM". Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, n. 32 (27 gennaio 2011): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.waves.34.

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The Wave Hub project will create the world’s largest wave farm off the coast of Cornwall, Southwest England. This study is to investigate wave and tide interactions, in particular their effects on bottom friction and sediment transport at the wave-farm coast. This is an ambitious project research which includes the use of a very complex numerical modelling system. The main question to answer is how waves, tidal currents and winds affect the bottom friction at the Wave Hub site and the near-shore zone, as well as their impact on the sediment transport. Results show that tidal elevation and tidal currents have a significant effect on the wave height predictions, tidal forcing and wind waves have a significant effect on the bed shear-stress, relevant to sediment transport, waves via radiation stresses have an important effect on the long-shore and cross-shore velocity components, particularly during the spring tides, waves can impact on bottom boundary layer and the mixing in the water column. Interactions between waves and tides at the Wave Hub site is important when modelling coastal morphology influenced by wave energy devices, this open-source modelling system tool will help the study of physical impacts on the Wave Hub farm area.

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Kerpen, Nils, Talia Schoonees e Torsten Schlurmann. "Wave Impact Pressures on Stepped Revetments". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 6, n. 4 (13 dicembre 2018): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse6040156.

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The wave impacts on horizontal and vertical step fronts of stepped revetments is investigated by means of hydraulic model tests conducted with wave spectra in a wave flume. Wave impacts on revetments with relative step heights of 0.3 < Hm0/Sh < 3.5 and a constant slope of 1:2 are analyzed with respect to (1) the probability distribution of the impacts, (2) the time evolution of impacts including a classification of load cases, and (3) a special distribution of the position of the maximum impact. The validity of the approved log-normal probability distribution for the largest wave impacts is experimentally verified for stepped revetments. The wave impact properties for stepped revetments are compared with those of vertical seawalls, showing that their impact rising times are within the same range. The impact duration for stepped revetments is shorter and decreases with increasing step height. Maximum horizontal wave impact loads are about two times larger than the corresponding maximum vertical wave impact loads. Horizontal and vertical impact loads increase with a decreasing step height. Data are compared with findings from literature for stepped revetments and vertical walls. A prediction formula is provided to calculate the maximum horizontal wave impact at stepped revetments along its vertical axis.

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Rodriguez Gandara, Ruben, e John Harris. "NEARSHORE WAVE DAMPING DUE TO THE EFFECT ON WINDS IN RESPONSE TO OFFSHORE WIND FARMS". Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, n. 33 (25 ottobre 2012): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.waves.55.

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Despite the progress that has been made in modeling wind wake interaction between turbines in offshore wind farms, only a handful of studies have quantified the impact of wind turbines or wave farms upon surface waves, and there are even less articles about the wave blockage induced by the whole array of turbines upon wind waves. This hypothetical case study proposes a methodology that takes into account the combined effect of wind wake and wave blockage on wind waves when transforming offshore waves to nearshore in an offshore wind farm scenario.

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Shimura, Tomoya, Nobuhito Mori, Tomohiro Yasuda e Hajime Mase. "WAVE DYNAMICS AND ITS IMPACT TO WAVE CLIMATE PROJECTION". Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, n. 33 (25 ottobre 2012): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.management.24.

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Impacts and adaptations of climate change have been studied in various fields. In order to assess the impacts of climate change on coastal areas, it is necessary to evaluate how wave change due to climate changes. Projections of global wave climate have been carried out by some research groups for next IPCC report. Projection of wave climate contains uncertainties, such as scenario uncertainty, GCM uncertainty and wave model uncertainty. Impacts and adaptations of climate change have been studied in various fields. In order to assess the impacts of climate change on coastal areas, it is necessary to evaluate how wave change due to the climate changes. Projections of global wave climate have been carried out by some research groups for next IPCC report. Projection of wave climate contains uncertainties, such as scenario uncertainty, GCM uncertainty and wave model uncertainty. The uncertainties need to be estimated for reliable projections. In this study, wave model uncertainty was evaluated. Global wave hindcasts were conducted using SWAN with four different models of source terms and the impacts of different wave models on global long-term wave statistics were made clear. Furthermore, the global characteristics of differences in long-term wave statistics due to different models were compared with the result of global wave climate projection (Mori et al., 2010). Global long-term wave statistics are varied depending on choice of formula of Sin and Swc rather than that of Snl4. The uncertainty is larger in eastern lower latitude of ocean especially in the Pacific where swells dominate. On the other hand, the uncertainty of future wave climate change due to wave model is negligibly small in higher latitude where wind-waves dominate.

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Mu, Ping, Pingyi Wang, Linfeng Han, Meili Wang, Caixia Meng, Zhiyou Cheng e Haiyong Xu. "The Propagation of Landslide-Generated Impulse Waves and Their Impacts on the Moored Ships: An Experimental Investigation". Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (12 maggio 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6396379.

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The effective prevention and reduction of the hazardous impact of landslide-generated impulse waves on the moored ships are crucial for the sustainable operation of the reservoirs. Although the investigations of landslide-generated impulse waves have been widely studied in the past decades, few efforts involved their impacts on the moored ships. The authors in this paper specifically examine the hazardous impact of the impulse waves on the moored ships by applying the physical experiments. Considering that the impulse wave was an external force acting on the mooring line, the impulse wave generation, propagation, and its impact on the moored ships are hence explored in detail. The results indicate that the impact of impulse waves on the moored ships was mainly due to the first wave amplitude and height, and an exponential function relationship between the relative wave height and wave crest amplitude was revealed. Furthermore, the attenuation of the maximum wave crest amplitude was approximated by a power exponential function. On this basis, the mooring tension could be calculated based on the linear relationship between the mooring tension and wave height. Ultimately, the safety of the moored ships in the port can be evaluated.

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Lindt, John W. van de, Rakesh Gupta, Daniel T. Cox e Jebediah S. Wilson. "Wave Impact Study on a Residential Building". Journal of Disaster Research 4, n. 6 (1 dicembre 2009): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2009.p0419.

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Recent natural disasters around the world including both tsunamis and hurricanes, have highlighted the inability of wood buildings to withstand wave and surge loading during these extreme events. Little is known about the interaction between coastal residential light-frame wood buildings and wave and surge loading because often little is left of the buildings. This leaves minimal opportunity for forensic investigations. This paper summarizes the results of a study whose objective was to begin to better understand the interaction between North American style residential structures and wave loading. To do this, one-sixth scale residential building models typical of North American coastal construction, were subjected to tsunami wave bores generated from waves of heights varying from 10 cm to 60 cm. The lateral force produced by the wave bores were, as expected, found to vary nonlinearly with parent wave height.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Wave impact"

Md, Noar Nor. "Wave impacts on rectangular structures". Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6609.

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There is a good deal of uncertainty and sensitivity in the results for wave impact. In a practical situation, many parameters such as the wave climate will not be known with any accuracy especially the frequency and severity of wave breaking. Even if the wave spectrum is known, this is usually recorded offshore, requiring same sort of (linear) transfer function to estimate the wave climate at the seawall. What is more, the higher spectral moments will generally be unknown. Wave breaking, according to linear wave theory, is known to depend on the wave spectrum, see Srokosz (1986) and Greenhow (1989). Not only is the wave climate unknown, but the aeration of the water will also be subject to uncertainty. This affects rather dramatically the speed of sound in the water/bubble mixture and hence the value of the acoustic pressure that acts as a maximum cutoff for pressure calculated by any incompressible model. The results are also highly sensitive to the angle of alignment of the wave front and seawall. Here we consider the worst case scenario of perfect alignment. Given the above, it seems sensible to exploit the simple pressure impulse model used in this thesis. Thus Cooker (1990) proposed using the pressure impulse P(x, y) that is the time integral of the pressure over the duration of the impact. This results in a simplified, but much more stable, model of wave impact on the coastal structures, and forms the basis of this thesis, as follows: Chapter 1 is an overview about this topic, a brief summary of the work which will follow and a summary of the contribution of this thesis. Chapter 2 gives a literature review of wave impact, theoretically and experimentally. The topics covered include total impulse, moment impulse and overtopping. A summary of the present state of the theory and Cooker’s model is also presented in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3 and Chapter 4, we extend the work of Greenhow (2006). He studied the berm and ditch problems, see Chapter 3, and the missing block problem in Chapter 4, and solved the problems by using a basis function method. I solve these problems in nondimensionlised variables by using a hybrid collocation method in Chapter 3 and by using the same method as Greenhow (2006) in Chapter 4. The works are extended by calculating the total impulse and moment impulse, and the maximum pressure arising from the wave impact for each problem. These quantities will be very helpful from a practical point of view for engineers and designers of seawalls. The mathematical equations governing the fluid motion and its boundary conditions are presented. The deck problem together with the mathematical formulation and boundary conditions for the problem is presented in Chapters 5 and 6 by using a hybrid collocation method. For this case, the basis function method fails due to hyperbolic terms in these formulations growing exponentially. The formulations also include a secular term, not present in Cooker’s formulation. For Chapter 5, the wave hits the wall in a horizontal direction and for Chapter 6, the wave hits beneath the deck in a vertical direction. These problems are important for offshore structures where providing adequate freeboard for decks contributes very significantly to the cost of the structure. Chapter 7 looks at what happens when we have a vertical baffle. The mathematical formulation and the boundary conditions for four cases of baffles which have different positions are presented in this chapter. We use a basis function method to solve the mathematical formulation, and total impulse and moment impulse are investigated for each problem. These problems are not, perhaps, very relevant to coastal structures. However, they are pertinent to wave impacts in sloshing tanks where baffles are used to detune the natural tank frequencies away from environmental driving frequencies (e.g ship roll due to wave action) and to damp the oscillations by shedding vortices. They also provide useful information for the design of oscillating water column wave energy devices. Finally, conclusions from the research and recommendations for future work are presented in Chapter 8.

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Katsidoniotaki, Eirini. "Extreme wave conditions and the impact on wave energy converters". Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-441043.

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The amount of energy enclosed in ocean waves has been classified as one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Nowadays, different wave energy conversion (WEC) systems are being investigated, but only a few concepts have been operated in a sea environment. One of the largest challenges is to guarantee the offshore survivability of the devices in extreme wave conditions. However, there are large uncertainties related to the prediction of extreme wave loads on WECs. Highfidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations can resolve nonlinear hydrodynamic effects associated with wave-structure interaction (WSI). This thesis explores the point-absorbing WEC developed by Uppsala University in extreme wave conditions. The dynamic response and the forces on key components (mooring line, buoy, generator's end-stop spring) of the device are studied and compared. The high nonlinear phenomena accompany the steep and high waves, i.e., breaking behavior, slamming loads can be well-captured by the highfidelity CFD simulations. A commonly used methodology for extreme waves selection, recommended by technical specifications and guidelines, is the environmental contour approach. The 100-year contour in Hamboldt Bay site in California and the 50-year contour in the Dowsing site, outside the UK, are utilized to extract the extreme waves examined in the present thesis. Popular methodologies and data from different sources (observational and hindcast data) are examined for the environmental contour generation providing useful insights. Moreover, two popular approaches for the numerical representation of the extreme sea states, either as focused wave or as equivalent regular wave, were examined and compared. A midfidelity model of the WEC is successfully verified, as the utilization of lower fidelity tools in the design stage would reduce the computational cost. Last but not least, in CFD simulations the computational grid is sensitive in large motions, something often occurs during extreme-WSI. The solution of this issue for the open source CFD software OpenFOAM is provided here.

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Topliss, Margaret E. "Water wave impact on structures". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/2fa7ba69-7867-4cd0-8b3a-de4de97f98db.

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Wood, Deborah Jane. "Pressure-impulse impact problems and plunging wave jet impact". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/c3dbd4c5-5082-4c71-a16e-3daa969e22ee.

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Cox, Simon John. "Pressure impulses caused by wave impact". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266731.

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Abdolmaleki, Kourosh. "Modelling of wave impact on offshore structures". University of Western Australia. School of Mechanical Engineering, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0055.

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[Truncated abstract] The hydrodynamics of wave impact on offshore structures is not well understood. Wave impacts often involve large deformations of water free-surface. Therefore, a wave impact problem is usually combined with a free-surface problem. The complexity is expanded when the body exposed to a wave impact is allowed to move. The nonlinear interactions between a moving body and fluid is a complicated process that has been a dilemma in the engineering design of offshore and coastal structures for a long time. This thesis used experimental and numerical means to develop further understanding of the wave impact problems as well as to create a numerical tool suitable for simulation of such problems. The study included the consideration of moving boundaries in order to include the coupled interactions of the body and fluid. The thesis is organized into two experimental and numerical parts. There is a lack of benchmarking experimental data for studying fluid-structure interactions with moving boundaries. In the experimental part of this research, novel experiments were, therefore, designed and performed that were useful for validation of the numerical developments. By considering a dynamical system with only one degree of freedom, the complexity of the experiments performed was minimal. The setup included a plate that was attached to the bottom of a flume via a hinge and tethered by two springs from the top one at each side. The experiments modelled fluid-structure interactions in three subsets. The first subset studied a highly nonlinear decay test, which resembled a harsh wave impact (or slam) incident. The second subset included waves overtopping on the vertically restrained plate. In the third subset, the plate was free to oscillate and was excited by the same waves. The wave overtopping the plate resembled the physics of the green water on fixed and moving structures. An analytical solution based on linear potential theory was provided for comparison with experimental results. ... In simulation of the nonlinear decay test, the SPH results captured the frequency variation in plate oscillations, which indicated that the radiation forces (added mass and damping forces) were calculated satisfactorily. In simulation of the nonlinear waves, the waves progressed in the flume similar to the physical experiments and the total energy of the system was conserved with an error of 0.025% of the total initial energy. The wave-plate interactions were successfully modelled by SPH. The simulations included wave run-up and shipping of water for fixed and oscillating plate cases. The effects of the plate oscillations on the flow regime are also discussed in detail. The combination of experimental and numerical investigation provided further understanding of wave impact problems. The novel design of the experiments extended the study to moving boundaries in small scale. The use of SPH eliminated the difficulties of dealing with free-surface problems so that the focus of study could be placed on the impact forces on fixed and moving bodies.

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Abraham, Aliza Opila. "Extreme wave impact on a flexible plate". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104117.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-102).
This thesis describes the use of a combination of various visual techniques to characterize the flow-structure interaction of a breaking wave impacting a flexible vertically mounted plate. Several experiments were conducted on a simulated dam break in which water was rapidly released from a reservoir to generate a wave, which impinged on a cantilevered stainless steel plate downstream. Two high speed cameras collected data on the water and the plate simultaneously. Manual tracking of the wave front and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) were used to gather water height, wave speed, crest speed, vorticity, and particle speed, which were used to determine the pressure exerted by the water on the plate. An algorithm was written to track the edge of the plate to find plate deflection over time. The dynamic beam bending equation was used to find the forces experienced by the plate, which were compared to the pressure results. A series of waves of different heights and breaking locations were tested, controlled by the ratio of the height of water initially in the tank and the height of water in the dam break reservoir, for two different plate locations. The properties of the wave varied depending on these parameters, as did the deflection of the plate. The plate deformed more and the recorded velocities in the wave were higher when the depth ratio decreased and when the plate was moved farther from the reservoir. These results shed light on the effect of breaking wave impacts on offshore structures and ship hulls, taking into account the elasticity of these structures. They also provide a test case for future numerical fluid-structure interaction simulation techniques.
by Aliza Opila Abraham.
S.M.

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Schöpfer, Philipp. "Non-linear Wave Impact on Monopile Structures". Thesis, KTH, Lättkonstruktioner, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-203342.

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This Master Thesis deals with non-linear wave impacts on monopile structures by introducing a potential flow solver named OceanWave3D (OCW3D) for simulating free surface waves and their kinematics under engineering consideration. A comparison to Rambøll’s analytical tool WAVGEN is conducted with the aim of providing distinct recommendations on the application and suitability of both programs for the monopile design. As WAVGEN applies common wave theories it is able to generate single waves in linear or non-linear form but only linear irregular sea states. In contrary, OCW3D includes both the non-linearity of the wave shape and the randomness of the water surface, resulting in a fully non-linear sea state due to the numerical solution. The obtained wave kinematics from both tools are read by a finite-element software which converts water particle velocities into wave loads. In order to reveal differences between both approaches an ultimate limit strength analysis of the foundation is performed, implementing wave kinematics by either WAVGEN or OCW3D. Here, the conventional approach with WAVGEN includes the principle of an embedded stream function wave into a linear irregular sea state to somewhat cover the non-linearity of the wave profile and the arbitrary surface elevation. As a result, the structural analysis yields a maximum overturning moment (OTM) which can be clearly affiliated to the inserted extreme wave represented by the stream function wave. On the other hand, the new approach with OCW3D generates a fully non-linear sea state in a numerical wave tank although without influencing the maximum wave. The already more realistic wave simulation by OCW3D is improved by activating a breaking filter which dissipates the energy of waves which would not exist in reality due to breaking. Multiple realisations give indications whether the non-linear sea state solution produces a single wave that exceeds the embedded stream function wave and the respective structural response. The final results in some cases confirm a greater OTM with OCW3D due to more aggressive and non-linear wave kinematics although the wave height of the embedded stream function wave is not surpassed. However, considering the most realistic wave and kinematics after a certain distance along the numerical wave tank when the breaking filter has removed all the excess energy a saving of almost 4.0 % in the structural response with OCW3D is reached. Additionally, the work has provided an unprecedented validation of Rambøll’s engineering procedure of defining an embedded stream function, i.e. this commonly used approach delivers representative wave loads compared to actual wave impacts induced by non-linear sea states.

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Rimal, Nischal. "Impact Localization Using Lamb Wave and Spiral FSAT". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1388672483.

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Bradshaw, Douglas Robert Saunders. "Linear wave propagation in traumatic brain injury". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341646.

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Libri sul tema "Wave impact"

Samra, J. S. Cold wave of 2002-03: Impact on agriculture. New Delhi: Natural Resource Management Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2003.

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1937-, Shen Jinwei, e Song Jingzheng 1945-, a cura di. Chuan bo bo lang zai he: Ship wave loads. Beijing: Guo fang gong ye chu ban she, 2007.

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T, Balasubramanian. Wave in bay: Impact of Tsunami on coastal resources. Parangipettai: Environmental Information System Centre, Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, 2005.

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Coops, Hugo. Helophyte zonation: Impact of water depth and wave exposure. Nijmegen: Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, 1996.

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Jelliman, Carol. Wave climate change and its impact on UK coastal management. Wallingford: Hydraulics Research Limited, 1991.

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Narendra, Jain. The wave of bliss: Impact of Chitrabhanu on the Western world. Ahmedabad: Swadhyay Mandir Charitable Trust, 1995.

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International Symposium on Explosion, Shock Wave & High-Energy Reaction Phenomena (3rd 2010 Seoul, Korea). Explosion, shock wave and high energy reaction phenomena: Selected, peer reviewed papers from International Symposium on Explosion, Shock wave & High-energy reaction Phenomena 2010 (3rd ESHP Symposium), 1-3 September 2010, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications, 2011.

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Daidola, John C. Hydrodynamic impact on displacement ship hulls: An assessment of the state of the art. Washington, D.C: Ship Structure Committee, 1995.

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Fawcett, Jo. Foot and Mouth disease: Business impact tracking survey Scotland September 2001 Third wave. Edinburgh: Stationary Office, 2001.

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Allnutt, J. E. Satellite-to-ground radiowave propagation: Theory, practice, and system impact at frequencies above 1GHz. London, U.K: P. Peregrinus on behalf of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1989.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Wave impact"

Sperhake, Ulrich. "Gravitational Recoil and Astrophysical Impact". In Gravitational Wave Astrophysics, 185–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10488-1_16.

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Rein, Martin. "Wave Phenomena During Droplet Impact". In IUTAM Symposium on Waves in Liquid/Gas and Liquid/Vapour Two-Phase Systems, 171–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0057-1_14.

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Mardan, Ali H., Stefan A. Loening e David M. Lubaroff. "Impact of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Treatment on Dunning Prostate Tumors". In Shock Wave Lithotripsy, 333–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1977-2_69.

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Etienne, Zachariah B., Vasileios Paschalidis e Stuart L. Shapiro. "Advanced Models of Black Hole–Neutron Star Binaries and Their Astrophysical Impact". In Gravitational Wave Astrophysics, 59–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10488-1_6.

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Skews, B. W. "Shock Wave Impact on Porous Materials". In Shock Waves @ Marseille III, 11–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78835-2_2.

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Hartmann, C. S. "Systems Impact of Modern Rayleigh Wave Technology". In Springer Series on Wave Phenomena, 238–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82621-4_17.

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Collins, Gareth S., Kevin R. Housen, Martin Jutzi e Akiko M. Nakamura. "Planetary Impact Processes in Porous Materials". In Shock Wave and High Pressure Phenomena, 103–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23002-9_4.

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Hu, B., P. Eberhard e W. Schiehlen. "Solving wave propagation problems symbolically using computer algebra". In Dynamics of Vibro-Impact Systems, 231–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60114-9_26.

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Hieronymus, Hartmut. "Single Bubble Ignition After Shock Wave Impact". In The Micro-World Observed by Ultra High-Speed Cameras, 303–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61491-5_14.

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Chen, H., M. V. Barnhart, Y. Y. Chen e G. L. Huang. "Elastic Metamaterials for Blast Wave Impact Mitigation". In Blast Mitigation Strategies in Marine Composite and Sandwich Structures, 357–75. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7170-6_19.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Wave impact"

Stansberg, Carl Trygve. "A Wave Impact Parameter". In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57801.

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Critical events in random wave trains that can lead to impact on offshore structures are addressed. Experience from model testing has shown that impact is correlated with steep and energetic waves, characterized by high crests, wave heights, orbital velocities, slope, or a combination of all. A new impact alert parameter derived directly from a wave record, unifying these properties in a physically consistent way, is proposed. Hilbert transform analysis is applied. The analysis is demonstrated through application on numerical and laboratory wave records. Impact responses from model tests with floating offshore structures in steep storm sea states are compared to predictions made by the new simple alert parameter derived from the calibrated wave records. It is found that a large majority of events identified by the new parameter turn out to be real critical events also in the response records.

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Banton, Rohan, Thuvan Piehler, Nicole Zander, Richard Benjamin, Josh Duckworth e Oren Petel. "Investigating Pressure Wave Impact on a Surrogate Head Model Using Numerical Simulation Techniques". In 2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-113.

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Abstract There is an urgent need to understand the mechanism leading to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) resulting from blast wave impact to the head. The recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have heightened the awareness of head impact injuries to military personnel resulting from exposure to blast waves [1, 2]. A blast wave generated in air is a by-product of the detonation of an explosive [3]. To date the mechanism resulting in mTBI from primary blast insult is still unclear.

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Tian, Zhigang. "An Evaluation of Wave Impact Indicators". In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79732.

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Wave impact on offshore structures has been the focus of several studies, due to its significant effect on offshore operations. We evaluate several parameters (wave impact indicators) which can be adopted to indicate the possibility of wave impact on offshore structures due to extreme waves. The indicators can be estimated quickly with given sea states, and thus may provide useful information to offshore structure designers at early design phases. Definitions of three wave impact indicators are presented and discussed. The first indicator, Ψ, is proposed by Stansberg (2008). The second one considered is a wave breaking parameter, μ, originally presented by Song and Banner (2002) in their construction of a wave breaking criterion. Finally, we propose a more generalized impact indicator, βn. The subscript n indicates its dependence on local wave steepness. Our study demonstrates that the three indicators are analytically related. To evaluate these indicators numerically, 2nd order random surface waves are generated with random phase method and Two-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform (2D FFT). Hilbert analysis of the wave signal reveals that all indicators are able to identify steep and energetic waves that may potentially cause large wave impact loads. Further numerical study demonstrates that the quantitative correlation of wave impact loads to μ is less promising than that to Ψ and βn; while βn provides the best relationship to both local wave impact load and global wave load with its dependence on local wave steepness adjusted (i.e. adjusting n). The correlation is independent of sea states. Estimations and recommendations for thresholds of the two impact indicators (i.e. Ψ and βn with n = 1) are made based on model test results. With proper estimation of the thresholds, both indicators can be applied to predict wave impact and wave impact probability in given sea states.

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Schellin, Thomas E., e Ould El Moctar. "Numerical Prediction of Impact-Related Wave Loads on Ships". In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92133.

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We present a numerical procedure to predict impact-related wave-induced (slamming) loads on ships. The procedure was applied to predict slamming loads on two ships that feature a flared bow with a pronounced bulb, hull shapes typical of modern offshore supply vessels. The procedure used a chain of seakeeping codes. First, a linear Green function panel code computed ship responses in unit amplitude regular waves. Wave frequency and wave heading were systematically varied to cover all possible combinations likely to cause slamming. Regular design waves were selected on the basis of maximum magnitudes of relative normal velocity between ship critical areas and wave, averaged over the critical areas. Second, a nonlinear strip theory seakeeping code determined ship motions under design wave conditions, thereby accounting for the ship’s forward speed, the swell-up of water in finite amplitude waves, as well as the ship’s wake that influences the wave elevation around the ship. Third, these nonlinearly computed ship motions constituted part of the input for a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANSE) code that was used to obtain slamming loads. Favourable comparison with available model test data validated the procedure and demonstrated its capability to predict slamming loads suitable for design of ship structures.

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Scharnke, Jule, Rene Lindeboom e Bulent Duz. "Wave-in-Deck Impact Loads in Relation With Wave Kinematics". In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61406.

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Breaking waves have been studied for many decades and are still of interest as these waves contribute significantly to the dynamics and loading of offshore structures. In current MARIN research this awareness has led to the setup of an experiment to determine the kinematics of breaking waves using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The purpose of the measurement campaign is to determine the evolution of the kinematics of breaking focussed waves. In addition to the PIV measurements in waves, small scale wave-in-deck impact load measurements on a fixed deck box were carried out in the same wave conditions. To investigate the link between wave kinematics and wave-in-deck impact loads, simplified loading models for estimating horizontal deck impact loads were applied and compared to the measured impact loads. In this paper, the comparison of the model test data to estimated loads is presented.

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Guo, Yinghao, Longfei Xiao, Handi Wei, Lei Li e Yanfei Deng. "Wave Impact Load and Corresponding Nonlinear Response of a Semi-Submersible". In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95693.

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Abstract Offshore platforms operating in harsh ocean environments often suffer from severe wave impacts which threaten the structural integrity and staffs safety. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the wave impact load and its effect on the global response of a semi-submersible. First, two typical wave impact events occurring successively in the wave test run are analyzed, including the characteristics of incident waves, relative wave elevations and the spatial distribution of the wave impact load. Subsequently, the corresponding global response of the semi-submersible under these two wave impacts are investigated in time domain. It reveals that compared with the incident wave, the relative wave elevation has a more straightforward relationship with the wave impact load. The relative wave crest height is associated with the spatial distribution of the wave impact load, while the local wave steepness matters more in the magnitude of the wave impact load. The impulsive effect of the wave impact load on the motion behaviors is not obvious. But severe wave impacts can introduce excessive horizontal accelerations and nonlinear behaviors like ringing in the acceleration response.

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Peng, Zhong, Tim Raaijmakers e Peter Wellens. "Nonlinear Wave Group Impact on a Cylindrical Monopile". In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10838.

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The ComFLOW wave model has been employed to study the impact of nonlinear wave groups on cylindrical monopiles. Four nonlinear wave groups are selected from fully nonlinear waves generated by a 2D ComFLOW model, representing wave groups with the largest or the second largest crest heights, the largest wave height and a wave group consisting of consecutive large waves. These four wave groups are used to investigate the wave loads on the foundation and the platform in a 3D ComFLOW model. Model results show that the maximum wave loads on the foundation and the platform by nonlinear wave groups are determined by their individual wave crest height. This study presents a relationship between platform level and wave impact on the platform, as the vertical force on the platform is the combination of buoyancy force (if inundated) and wave impact force due to wave run-up. Results also show that wave loads on the foundation and wave impact on the platform decrease as the wave period increases from 13s to 16s (typical wave period at German Bight). A wave group can cause a larger wave load on the foundation and the platform than regular waves, considering a regular wave height equal to the maximum wave height, regardless of the associated wave period (period of individual wave or peak period).

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Li, K. C., Jay C. Y. Huang, J. L. Ku e Synger Lee. "Investigate the Performance of SnCuNi (SCN) Alloy for Wave Soldering". In Circuits Technology Conference (IMPACT). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/impact.2008.4783821.

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Thomas, Sarah A., Robert S. Hixson, M. Cameron Hawkins e Oliver T. Strand. "Wave speeds in single-crystal and polycrystalline copper". In 2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-007.

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Abstract While the equation of state for copper has been fairly well studied, wave speeds at low stress are not as well known. Systematic errors may be present in the lowest stress data presented in the Marsh [1] compendium due to the use of the flash gap method to collect the data. Additionally, little data has been gathered on the wave speeds in single-crystal copper, which may vary from polycrystalline due to the different longitudinal and shear sound speeds. Hugoniot information at low pressures is useful in constraining and improving predictive hydrodynamic codes. Knowledge of single-crystal behavior provides input for mesoscale computer models that use tens-of-micron-sized grains of single crystals to build a model of polycrystalline systems. We undertook experiments to measure wave speeds in polycrystalline and single-crystal copper at low pressures using a novel technique to limit error, and to determine if single-crystal shock velocities are systematically different than polycrystalline shock velocities at the same stress. The best previous research on this topic is from Chau et al. [2] at relatively high shock stress; they reported no observed difference between orientations. It is of interest to do careful measurements at low stress, and that is the principal goal of this work.

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Kalogirou, A., e O. Bokhove. "Mathematical and Numerical Modelling of Wave Impact on Wave-Energy Buoys". In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54937.

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We report on the mathematical and numerical modelling of amplified rogue waves driving a wave-energy device in a contraction. This wave-energy device consists of a floating buoy attached to an AC-induction motor and constrained to move upward only in a contraction, for which we have realised a working scale-model. A coupled Hamiltonian system is derived for the dynamics of water waves and moving wave-energy buoys. This nonlinear model consists of the classical water wave equations for the free surface deviation and velocity potential, coupled to a set of equations describing the dynamics of a wave-energy buoy. As a stepping stone, the model is solved numerically for the case of linear shallow water waves causing the motion of a simple buoy structure with V-shaped cross-sections, using a variational (dis)continuous Galerkin finite element method.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Wave impact"

Fullerton, Anne M., Ann Marie Powers, Don C. Walker e Susan Brewton. The Distribution of Breaking and Non-Breaking Wave Impact Forces. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, marzo 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada495574.

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McElroy, Michael B., e Hans R. Schneider. The impact of tropospheric planetary wave variability on stratospheric ozone. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/809126.

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Fullerton, Anne M., David Drazen, Don Walker e Eric Terrill. Full Scale Measurements of Wave Impact on a Flat Plate. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maggio 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada585475.

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Ding, J. L., e Y. M. Gupta. Layering Concept for Wave Shaping and Lateral Distribution of Stresses During Impact. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maggio 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada394098.

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Riley, Michael R., e Timothy W. Coats. Quantifying Mitigation Characteristics of Shock Isolation Seats in a Wave Impact Environment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, gennaio 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada622526.

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Krall, J., e C. M. Tang. The Impact of the Three-Wave Instability on the Spiral Line Induction Accelerator. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, novembre 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada229758.

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Riley, Michael R., Timothy W. Coats e Heidi Murphy. Acceleration Response Mode Decomposition for Quantifying Wave Impact Load in High-Speed Planing Craft. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, aprile 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada621230.

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Strassburger, Elmar. High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave Propagation and Impact Damage in Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride (AION). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, settembre 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada457205.

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Wang, Shouping. High-Resolution Coupled Ocean-Wave-Atmosphere Prediction of Typhoons and Their Impact on the Upper Ocean. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, settembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada590344.

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Bhatt, Mihir R., Shilpi Srivastava, Megan Schmidt-Sane e Lyla Mehta. Key Considerations: India's Deadly Second COVID-19 Wave: Addressing Impacts and Building Preparedness Against Future Waves. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), giugno 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.031.

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Since February 2021, countless lives have been lost in India, which has compounded the social and economic devastation caused by the second wave of COVID-19. The sharp surge in cases across the country overwhelmed the health infrastructure, with people left scrambling for hospital beds, critical drugs, and oxygen. As of May 2021, infections began to come down in urban areas. However, the effects of the second wave continued to be felt in rural areas. This is the worst humanitarian and public health crisis the country has witnessed since independence; while the continued spread of COVID-19 variants will have regional and global implications. With a slow vaccine rollout and overwhelmed health infrastructure, there is a critical need to examine India's response and recommend measures to further arrest the current spread of infection and to prevent and prepare against future waves. This brief is a rapid social science review and analysis of the second wave of COVID-19 in India. It draws on emerging reports, literature, and regional social science expertise to examine reasons for the second wave, explain its impact, and highlight the systemic issues that hindered the response. This brief puts forth vital considerations for local and national government, civil society, and humanitarian actors at global and national levels, with implications for future waves of COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries. This review is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on the COVID-19 response in India. It was developed for SSHAP by Mihir R. Bhatt (AIDMI), Shilpi Srivastava (IDS), Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), and Lyla Mehta (IDS) with input and reviews from Deepak Sanan (Former Civil Servant; Senior Visiting Fellow, Centre for Policy Research), Subir Sinha (SOAS), Murad Banaji (Middlesex University London), Delhi Rose Angom (Oxfam India), Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica) and Santiago Ripoll (IDS). It is the responsibility of SSHAP.

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