Tesi: "Watershed management"

1

Kellon, Delanie. "Natural resource management in a Costa Rican watershed". Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.

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2

Cline, Sarah A. "An assessment of organizational effectiveness a study of West Virginia watershed associations /". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=687.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 122 p. : maps. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-103).

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3

Lien, Aaron M., Lacroix Kelly Mott, Katie Banister e Sharon B. Megdal. "Using Watershed Assessments to Inform Planning for Rural Watersheds". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/324539.

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9 pp.
The Using Watershed Assessments to Inform Planning for Rural Watersheds publication provides a process for developing a baseline watershed assessment. In this guide we provide recommendations for engaging with stakeholders to assess natural resource conditions, as well as basic information to collect to create a baseline assessment. Watershed planning is not a simple, quick process. This guide addresses just the first steps of building a watershed assessment– understanding the current conditions and issues facing your watershed. Beyond the watershed assessment phase is the hard work of utilizing the information from the assessment, along with the results of additional stakeholder feedback, to develop an actual watershed plan. This guide provides an outline of how to complete the watershed assessment portion of your watershed planning effort, but does not provide a detailed step-by-step process. Rather, this document is intended as a resource to help guide you in your efforts by providing suggestions based on real-world watershed planning experience.

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4

Hecker, Garret Allen. "Assessment of Watershed Health on Intermittent Watersheds in Southwestern North Dakota". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10285615.

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Watersheds are complex systems that are influenced by many factors including geomorphology, climate, soil, vegetation, and land management. Due to this complexity, a watershed assessment that evaluates both the riparian and upland areas has yet to be developed. We proposed investigating a combination of plant community composition within the greenline, upland ecological site function assessment with the Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health (IIRH) protocol, and stream morphological parameters. Stream parameters investigated were Rosgen’s classification method, bank erosion hazard index (BEHI) and bank height ratio (BHR). This research was conducted on five intermittent streams in southwestern North Dakota. We found that facultative wetland species offered the most protection to intermittent streambanks as a result of hydrology. When assessing the uplands it was determined that there is a positive correlation between rangeland health and riparian health. The stream parameter that showed the strongest relationship was the BEHI.

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5

Karigomba, Wilbert. "A spatial optimization approach to watershed water quality management a case of the Opequon watershed /". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10782.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 199 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 142-172).

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6

Rasmussen, Walter L. "Effects of urbanization on a small rural watershed /". Link to Abstract, 2005. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/abstracts/2005/Rasmussen.pdf.

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7

Hill, Jennifer Marie. "Effective implementation of watershed management". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11541.

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8

Jean, Christy Roberts. "Hydrological transitions: a story of Kansas watershed districts". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20592.

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Master of Arts
Geography
John A. Harrington Jr
Kansas watershed projects have been responsible for reducing floodwater damage across the state since the formation of watershed districts, following the Kansas Watershed District Act of 1953. A total of 80 organized watershed districts now take on the responsibilities associated with watershed management and protecting the land uses within them. Today, Kansas watershed districts face challenges in completing nearly half of the 3,000 structures proposed since 1953. Insufficient funding, burdensome policy changes, and a declining interest from local board members and landowners are key challenges boards must overcome in addition to managing rapidly aging infrastructure and dealing with projects that have exceeded their life expectancy. Research methods used for this report include content analysis of general work plans, relevant federal and state policies, and interviews with local stakeholders. In order to understand the economic, political, social and geographic impacts of watershed development, the following issues are addressed: cost-benefit ratios using monetary and non-monetary benefits, differences between federal and state funding in regards to rehabilitation and best management practices, local perceptions of watershed development, and spatial factors that exist among watershed districts. This study found that watershed projects have the potential to provide up to $115 million each year in monetary and flood damage reduction benefits in Kansas protecting over 35,000 miles of transportation routes while providing recreation opportunities and enhancing environmental conservation efforts. Political and social impacts were identified through in-person interviews with 21 local stakeholders that include landowners, board members and state representatives, representing 21 different watershed districts. Perceptions of political and social issues indicate that when government assistance is available, watershed districts are more willing to deal with increased regulations. However, a lack of financial support that has existed in Kansas watershed districts over the last eight years has contributed to a general opposition of increased federal regulations and reluctance to continue building watershed structures. Spatial factors among watershed districts illustrate the spatial and temporal differences in district development, watershed structure construction, and precipitation gradients that influence land use and ecoregions between western and eastern Kansas.

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9

Chen, Chu. "Stakeholder Involvement and Public Outreach Strategies Identified from Watershed Councils in Oregon". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9979.

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xii, 78 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
Watershed councils in Oregon have been created and developed for collaborative watershed management since the 1990s. Although a lot of research has been conducted to examine the conceptual framework and practical experience of watershed councils, there have been fewer investigations of the outreach and education strategies used by watershed councils. The goal of this study is to identify the range of outreach strategies that have been used by watershed collaboratives and discuss how these strategies relate with councils focused at the organizational level compared to those focused at the action level. OWEB grant applications provide the major source of data for examining a sample of eighteen among more than ninety watershed councils in Oregon. The study results reveal that watershed councils' outreach strategies include direct involvement and public outreach. The planning of outreach is incorporated into mission statements, organizational governance, board member representatives and recruitment, decision-making processes, meetings, community events, watershed events, invitation and tracking, and outcome measures. Action and organizational groups use similar public outreach approaches but adopt different direct involvement strategies. Action councils rely more on direct involvement from participants in the community, while organizational councils are more likely to use partnerships to achieve their involvement goals. Three themes emerged from this research. Organizational councils need to create "in-group" awareness and connectivity to their watershed communities since these councils lack a sense of place-based identification. Social networks are important for action councils' outreach and education, but organizational groups depend more on interorganizational networks. Lastly, multiple levels of public participation are realized in the implementation of outreach strategies by watershed councils in Oregon.
Committee in charge: Dr. Richard D. Margerum, Chair; Dr. Patricia F. McDowell

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10

Heller, Jill Ann. "The effects of stock ponds on downstream potential recharge in the Arivaca Creek Watershed". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1999. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0037_m_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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11

Rosenberg, Stacy R. "Watershed restoration in Western Oregon : landowners, watershed groups, and community dynamics /". view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3190544.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 177-195). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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12

Wang, Yang. "Application of a nonpoint source pollution model to a small watershed in Virginia". Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11012008-063232/.

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13

Galewski, Nancy. "Campesino community participation in watershed management". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34753.

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A series of threats face campesino communities' water management practices in the Callejón de Huaylas (upper region of the Santa Watershed). Competition for water resources is escalating due to increasing demand, decreasing supply, and a rise in contamination levels, leaving campesino communities in a precarious state as a result of their marginalized position in Peruvian society. Competition for water resources occurs between upstream and downstream users and amongst sectors including mining, agriculture, hydropower, and domestic water users. The national government recently passed an integrated water resource management system to improve water governance. However, bureaucratic tendencies make it unlikely that campesinos will receive an adequate share of resources. Campesino communities in the Callejón need to adopt new strategies to improve their position vis á-vis other sectors and resist capture of resources. Campesinos are important to the discussion of water resource management because they have long established systems of self-regulated management and need to be included in the new system of watershed governance. This research first examines local water management strategies and integrated water management through four characteristics: 1) how is water framed, 2) is decision-making participatory, 3) is water management appropriate to the local and regional level, and 4) is it possible to monitor activity and impose consequences for unauthorized water usage. Interviews with campesino community members and leaders, local officials, regional representatives, and non-governmental organizations found opportunities to collaborate between groups and transfer some management responsibilities to a more regional watershed scale. Second, this research examines the opportunities and barriers to scaling up traditional management practices to meet regional needs while ensuring local water availability. Scaling decision-making is imperative for successful integrated water management and will allow campesino communities to continue to manage their water to meet local needs. Shifting the decision-making scale may facilitate more effective watershed governance with campesino community participation.

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14

Dorn, Jason Liam. "Evolutionary Algorithms to Aid Watershed Management". NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12282004-235442/.

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Watershed management is a complex process involving multiple uses, diverse stakeholders, and a variety of computer-based hydrologic and hydraulic simulation models. Exploring for efficient solutions and making decisions about the best integrated management strategies to implement can be improved through the use of quantitative systems analytic techniques. In addition to identifying mathematically optimal solutions, these techniques should also be able to consider issues that may not be properly represented in the models or may be in conflict with one another. As the complexities of the system models grow, contemporary heuristic search methods, including evolutionary algorithms (EAs), are becoming increasingly common in quantitative analysis of such challenging decision-making problems. More research is needed to enhance and extend the capabilities of these newer search methods to meet the growing challenges. Further, these new systems analytic capabilities are best made accessible to practitioners through a generic computational framework that integrates the system simulation models with the suite of search techniques. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop new EA-based system analytic methods for addressing integrated watershed management problems and a computational framework within which their capabilities are enabled for watershed management applications. EA-based methods to generate good alternative solutions and for multiobjective optimization have been developed and tested, and their performances compare well with those of other procedures. These new methods were also demonstrated through successful applications to realistic problems in watershed management. These techniques were integrated into and implemented within a new computer-based decision support framework that supports the integration of the user?s preferred watershed models, methods to perform uncertainty and/or sensitivity analyses thereon, and multiple state-of-the-art optimization heuristic search procedures to identify good management strategies that meet the problem-specific (e.g., fiscal or environmental) objectives and constraints. The design of the software framework is described with a demonstration of its capabilities via a case study involving several scenarios of a watershed management problem.

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15

Ffolliott, Peter F., Malchus B. Jr Baker, Leonard F. DeBano, Daniel G. Neary e Gerald J. Gottfried. "Perspectives on Watershed Management in Arizona". Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296586.

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16

Haseltine, Michael, Barbara Hutchinson e Malchus B. Jr Backer. "Improving Access to Watershed Management Information". Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296595.

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17

Paul, Somali. "Balason watershed : its management and development". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1190.

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18

Moreno, Ramírez Denise. "Variables that contribute to the success of watershed organizations: analysis of past efforts in developing nations with an application in the Mexican portion of the upper San Pedro River basin". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0315_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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19

Menerey, Melissa E. "Stakeholder Involvement in Watershed Management: A Case Study of Sunday Creek Watershed Management Plans in Southeastern Ohio". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1307123398.

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20

Yazawa, Taishi. "Design Flood Criteria toward Integrated Watershed Management in the Johor River Watershed, Malaysia". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225577.

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21

Rivest, Sébastien. "Watershed evaluation of beneficial management practices: the Bras d'Henri watershed-on-farm economics". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66796.

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The Watershed Evaluation of Beneficial Management Practices (WEB's) project is funded by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC). This study addresses the issue of non-point source agricultural pollution in the Bras d'Henri sub-watershed. It estimates the economic impact on the farm of an increased environmental constraint and the environmental and economic performance of Best Management Practices (BMPs) to satisfy this environmental constraint. The model's objective was to maximize net farm income subject to an environmental constraint, farm characteristics, and animal nutrient requirements. Results indicate that increasing the pollution emission constraint: (1) Reduces agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution, (2) forces cropping patterns and farming practices to change, (3) reduces profit, and (4) induces average abatement cost and marginal abatement cost to increase at an increasing rate. Also, with comparable environmental constraints, farms are economically better off when the environmental constraint was set at the watershed scale as opposed to being set at the farm scale.
Le projet d'Évaluation des pratiques de gestions bénéfique à l'échelle du basin versant (EBB) est financé par Agriculture Canada (AAAC). Cette étude met l'emphase sur la problématique de pollution diffuse agricole présente dans le sous-bassin versant du Bras d'Henri. Cette étude fait l'estimation de l'impact à la ferme d'une contrainte environnementale croissante et de la performance environnementale et économique des Pratiques de Gestions Bénéfiques (PGB) pour satisfaire une contrainte environnementale. Les objectifs du model était de maximiser les revenus nets agricoles en ce conformant à une contrainte environnemental, à l'utilisation unique des champs, et au respect des besoins nutritionnels des animaux. Les résultats indiquent que la présence d'une contrainte environnementale croissante : (1) réduit l'émission de pollution diffuse agricole, (2) force les habitudes de production à changer, (3) réduit les revenus nets agricole, et (4) fait en sorte que les coûts moyens d'abattement et les coûts marginaux d'abattement augmentent et accélèrent. De plus, soumis à des contraintes environnementales similaires, les fermes sont économiquement gagnantes lorsque la contrainte environnemental est fixée à l'échelle de du bassin versant contrairement à une contrainte environnementale fixée à l'échelle de la ferme.

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22

Cox, Christopher Anthony. "Integrated watershed management planning for St. Lucia". Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82848.

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A decision support framework (DSF) to guide watershed management planning in St. Lucia was developed. The DSF, supported by three components, integrated physiographic criteria in spatially defining sustainable land management regimes, crop suitability based on agro-ecologic zoning criteria, and water quality modelling tools.
In the first component, a methodology for agricultural and forestry land management zoning based on decision-rule frameworks was developed, employing GIS-based spatial multiple-criteria integration techniques. Land capability, recommended land management regimes, crop suitability and broad agricultural/forestry land utilization type zones were derived for the country. Sixteen broad agricultural and forestry land utilization types (LUTs) based on FAO agro-ecologic zoning guidelines were spatially defined over the island. These LUT zones represent relative suitability for rain-fed annual and perennial crop production, grazing and forestry.
In the second component, field research to quantify rainfall, runoff and erosion from two small watersheds under contrasting land management regimes was undertaken. Over the study period the erosion rate from an intensively cultivated, degraded agricultural watershed was 20 times that of a completely forested watershed. SCS curve numbers were evaluated for both watersheds based on rainfall-runoff relationships.
The third component demonstrated the application of a distributed-parameter hydrologic/water quality model, AnnAGNPS, in land management scenario evaluation, in terms of runoff and soil erosion. Data from the second component were used to calibrate and validate the model in simulation of daily runoff and erosion losses from the two watersheds over the study period. The model generally performed better in runoff simulation for the agricultural watershed compared to the forested watershed. Average annual erosion rates under current land management regimes were estimated at 73.3 and 7.2 t/ha for the agricultural and forested watersheds respectively. The model was applied to simulate runoff and erosion losses from the agricultural watershed under alternative sustainable land management regimes derived in the first component. Simulated average annual erosion losses were reduced to 9.2 t/ha.
This study demonstrated the application of efficient and powerful computer-based tools in the development of a decision support framework for watershed management planning for small islands.

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23

Adams, Erica Elaine. "Operationalizing Scale in Watershed-based Stormwater Management". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72982.

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Watershed-based stormwater management (WSM) has been proposed as more effective for stormwater management than traditional methods of controlling stormwater, which are carried out based on jurisdictional lines at the parcel-scale. Because WSM considers the watershed as a total unit, this method is considered to be more effective in reducing problems associated with stormwater management including environmental degradation and flooding. However, larger watersheds encompass smaller watersheds, and therefore WSM can be implemented at a wide range of scales. There has been little research on what scale is most appropriate, and more specifically, only a modest amount of work has taken stakeholder opinion into account.

The specific objectives of this study are to determine: 1) if watershed scale is an important factor in WSM, 2) whether stakeholder opinion has an effect on the appropriate scale used in WSM, and 3) what scale is most appropriate for WSM, if scale is an important factor. To meet these objectives, we delineated sub-watersheds within a watershed in southwestern Virginia, surveyed stakeholders within the watershed on their opinions of stormwater management methods, and compared the results at both watershed scales using statistical tests and decisions support software. The results of this study have important implications for geographic scale in WSM as well as the use of qualitative data in determining appropriate geographic scale in matters of implementation in the field of planning.
Master of Science

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24

Castern, Maureen P. "Stormwater quality management strategy: Peters Creek watershed". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50033.

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The effect of stormwater runoff on the water quality of Peters Creek was investigated. Creek water was sampled at rural, suburban and urban sites. Background and runoff samples were analyzed for sediment, nutrient and heavy metal concentrations. The area upstream of the suburban site was found to contribute the greatest contamination to the creek but the heavy metal contributions were accumulated throughout the watershed. The creek water contained sufficient nutrients to potentially contribute to the eutrophication of Smith Mountain Lake downstream. As the watershed has been developed, flooding has increased in frequency. The detrimental effects of runoff can be reduced in the watershed by clearing the trash from the creek bed, enforcing construction erosion control and creek bed alteration ordinances and by building a series of detention basins in the creek upstream from common sites of flooding.
Master of Science
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25

Adem, Esmail Blal. "Ecosystem services for watershed management and planning". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369265.

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Human wellbeing in cities, often associated to availability of engineered structures, is increasingly linked to the conservation of ecosystems. This is the case of the urban water sector where the focus is shifting from adequate infrastructural arrangements to the key role of ecosystem services, thus offering a unique opportunity to achieve sustainability transitions. The urban water sector entails significant complexities and uncertainties, which no longer can be addressed effectively with traditional approaches. A new paradigm of “adaptation and integration”, emerging as a collective effort of stakeholders that engage themselves in a process of social learning, is needed. However, real-life implementation is arduous: it requires linking diverse stakeholders and knowledge systems, across management levels and institutional boundaries. Three innovative concepts can help face this challenge, namely, ecosystem services, boundary work and learning organizations. Ecosystem services provide a holistic approach for framing socio-ecological issues and for integrating different biophysical and socio-economic data. Boundary work, i.e. the effort put in place to facilitate transfer of knowledge into action, informs active management of the tension at the interface between stakeholders that have differing views on what constitutes relevant knowledge. A learning organization is one that is skilled at creating and acquiring knowledge and modifying its behavior to reflect new insights. In this study, these three concepts are jointly explored to build operative approaches to support the implementation of adaptive management. To this end, the work is driven by four specific objectives presented hereafter. The first objective is to frame the urban water sector from an ecosystem services perspective, synthesizing the most relevant aspects related to the exchange of water between watershed and city, and within the city. The proposed framework highlights the role of the urban water sector in (i) linking ecosystem service production and benefit areas, (ii) bridging spatial scales ranging from the watershed to the household level and (iii) adopting ecosystem service-based responses to drivers of water vulnerability. The second objective is to explore practices of boundary work in adaptive watershed management. Thus, an empirical investigation of how boundary work can facilitate knowledge co-generation and cooperative application in a case study of adaptive management in the Fuhrberg watershed (Germany) is conducted. The results suggest that scientific insights have been crucial for "enlightenment", "decision-support", and in "negotiations" between a water utility and stakeholders in Fuhrberg watershed management. The successful implementation of adaptive watershed management is attributed to boundary work deployed by the water utility and ultimately to its high institutional capacity. This study, which is one of the first empirical assessments of boundary work in practice, presents many promising approaches for initiating boundary work in the case of water utilities. Yet, more comparative research is required to understand the influence of contextual differences on appropriate methods and potential outcomes of boundary work. The third objective is to build and test an approach for designing and assessing impact of watershed investments, aiming to implement adaptive management. The proposed approach is structured to facilitate negotiations among stakeholders. Its strategic component includes setting the agenda, defining investment scenarios, and assessing the performance of watershed investments. Its technical component consists of tailoring spatially explicit ecosystem service models, generating future land use scenarios, and modeling impacts on ecosystem services. The approach is applied to a case study in a data-scarce context: Toker Watershed (Eritrea), considering soil erosion -related challenges. It produced spatially explicit data, which has been aggregated to assess quantitatively the performance of watershed investments, in terms of changes in selected ecosystem services, thus answering key management and planning questions. By addressing stakeholders’ concerns of credibility, saliency, and legitimacy, the approach is expected to facilitate the negotiation of objectives, definition of scenarios, and assessment of watershed investments. The fourth objective is to explore water utilities as learning organization implementing adaptive watershed management. A conceptual framework for evaluating the institutional capacity of water utilities is used to characterize the water utilities in Hanover and Asmara. In particular, the institutional capacity of the “Hannover Water Utility” and “Asmara Water Supply Department” is investigated based on the available information from documents, literature and the previous results, and an interview with a key informant. The results show that the institutional capacity of Hanover Water Utility can be classified as Level 5 – “Progressive water utility” and Asmara Water Supply Department can be classified as Level 2 – “Basic water utility”. An empirical pathway to test the results, by involving senior managers and informed scientists from both case studies, is proposed. In any case, the preliminary results highlight the attributes that determine the capacity of water utilities to become a central actor in the in the implementation of an adaptive watershed management. This research, by jointly exploring the innovative concepts of ecosystem services, boundary work and learning organizations, builds operative approaches that can support the implementation of adaptive watershed management. Further work is needed to address some of the complexities and uncertainties underlying the proposed approaches, including data resolution, model calibration, and above all participation of real-life stakeholders

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Adem, Esmail Blal. "Ecosystem services for watershed management and planning". Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2016. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1747/1/PhD_thesis_DICAM_Blal_Adem_Esmail_30Marchpdf.pdf.

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Abstract (sommario):

Human wellbeing in cities, often associated to availability of engineered structures, is increasingly linked to the conservation of ecosystems. This is the case of the urban water sector where the focus is shifting from adequate infrastructural arrangements to the key role of ecosystem services, thus offering a unique opportunity to achieve sustainability transitions. The urban water sector entails significant complexities and uncertainties, which no longer can be addressed effectively with traditional approaches. A new paradigm of “adaptation and integration”, emerging as a collective effort of stakeholders that engage themselves in a process of social learning, is needed. However, real-life implementation is arduous: it requires linking diverse stakeholders and knowledge systems, across management levels and institutional boundaries. Three innovative concepts can help face this challenge, namely, ecosystem services, boundary work and learning organizations. Ecosystem services provide a holistic approach for framing socio-ecological issues and for integrating different biophysical and socio-economic data. Boundary work, i.e. the effort put in place to facilitate transfer of knowledge into action, informs active management of the tension at the interface between stakeholders that have differing views on what constitutes relevant knowledge. A learning organization is one that is skilled at creating and acquiring knowledge and modifying its behavior to reflect new insights. In this study, these three concepts are jointly explored to build operative approaches to support the implementation of adaptive management. To this end, the work is driven by four specific objectives presented hereafter. The first objective is to frame the urban water sector from an ecosystem services perspective, synthesizing the most relevant aspects related to the exchange of water between watershed and city, and within the city. The proposed framework highlights the role of the urban water sector in (i) linking ecosystem service production and benefit areas, (ii) bridging spatial scales ranging from the watershed to the household level and (iii) adopting ecosystem service-based responses to drivers of water vulnerability. The second objective is to explore practices of boundary work in adaptive watershed management. Thus, an empirical investigation of how boundary work can facilitate knowledge co-generation and cooperative application in a case study of adaptive management in the Fuhrberg watershed (Germany) is conducted. The results suggest that scientific insights have been crucial for "enlightenment", "decision-support", and in "negotiations" between a water utility and stakeholders in Fuhrberg watershed management. The successful implementation of adaptive watershed management is attributed to boundary work deployed by the water utility and ultimately to its high institutional capacity. This study, which is one of the first empirical assessments of boundary work in practice, presents many promising approaches for initiating boundary work in the case of water utilities. Yet, more comparative research is required to understand the influence of contextual differences on appropriate methods and potential outcomes of boundary work. The third objective is to build and test an approach for designing and assessing impact of watershed investments, aiming to implement adaptive management. The proposed approach is structured to facilitate negotiations among stakeholders. Its strategic component includes setting the agenda, defining investment scenarios, and assessing the performance of watershed investments. Its technical component consists of tailoring spatially explicit ecosystem service models, generating future land use scenarios, and modeling impacts on ecosystem services. The approach is applied to a case study in a data-scarce context: Toker Watershed (Eritrea), considering soil erosion -related challenges. It produced spatially explicit data, which has been aggregated to assess quantitatively the performance of watershed investments, in terms of changes in selected ecosystem services, thus answering key management and planning questions. By addressing stakeholders’ concerns of credibility, saliency, and legitimacy, the approach is expected to facilitate the negotiation of objectives, definition of scenarios, and assessment of watershed investments. The fourth objective is to explore water utilities as learning organization implementing adaptive watershed management. A conceptual framework for evaluating the institutional capacity of water utilities is used to characterize the water utilities in Hanover and Asmara. In particular, the institutional capacity of the “Hannover Water Utility” and “Asmara Water Supply Department” is investigated based on the available information from documents, literature and the previous results, and an interview with a key informant. The results show that the institutional capacity of Hanover Water Utility can be classified as Level 5 – “Progressive water utility” and Asmara Water Supply Department can be classified as Level 2 – “Basic water utility”. An empirical pathway to test the results, by involving senior managers and informed scientists from both case studies, is proposed. In any case, the preliminary results highlight the attributes that determine the capacity of water utilities to become a central actor in the in the implementation of an adaptive watershed management. This research, by jointly exploring the innovative concepts of ecosystem services, boundary work and learning organizations, builds operative approaches that can support the implementation of adaptive watershed management. Further work is needed to address some of the complexities and uncertainties underlying the proposed approaches, including data resolution, model calibration, and above all participation of real-life stakeholders

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27

Steele, Kelsi Lynne. "Atrazine best management practices : impact on water quality". Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/660.

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28

Steele, Jonathan Charles. "An examination of public participation used in the development of watershed management plans in Ohio". Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1108414335.

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Shandas, Vivek. "Towards an integrated approach to urban watershed planning : linking vegetation patterns, human preferences, and stream biotic conditions in the Puget Sound lowland /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10824.

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Emanuel, Robert. "Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Regional and State Water Management". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146910.

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19 pp.
"Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Geology, Geomorphology and Soils Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Watershed Ecology Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Working Together Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Hydrology Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Fire in Watersheds Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Climate
Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide was created to help individuals and groups build a mutual foundation of basic knowledge about watersheds in Arizona. It is intended to help Arizonans understand and be good stewards of their watersheds. The guide was designed to compliment the mission of Arizona Master Watershed Steward program to educate and train citizens across the state of Arizona to serve as volunteers in the monitoring, restoration, conservation, and protection of their water and watersheds. The guide consists of 10 self-contained modules which teach about one or more important aspects of watershed science or management.

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Mika, Melissa Lynn. "Evolution and Application of Urban Watershed Management Planning". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81747.

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The development of Watershed Management Plans (WMPs) in urban areas aids municipalities in allocating resources, engaging the public and stakeholders, addressing water quality regulations, and mitigating issues related to stormwater runoff and flooding. In this study, 63 urban WMPs across the nation were reviewed to characterize historical approaches and identify emerging trends in watershed planning. Planning methods and tools were qualitatively evaluated, followed by statistical analyses to identify correlations between planning factors. Plans developed by a municipality or consultant were correlated to higher occurrences of hydrologic modeling and site-specific recommendations, and lower occurrences of characterizing social watershed factors. Trends in the use and selection of hydrologic, hydraulic, and pollutant load models were identified, specifically in the past decade. Project prioritization was found to increasingly focus on feasibility in implementation. Additional qualitative trends identified include an increased focus on water quality and interdisciplinary studies, public participation, responsiveness to water quality regulations, and risk aversion. The study concludes by envisioning future watershed planning trends. This state of the practice review of planning efforts, innovation in implementation, and the adoption of emergent technologies will aid future planners in employing current tools and strategies in the development of new WMPs.
Master of Science

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Rooks, Alyssa D. L. "Updating the Lower East Fork Watershed Management Plan". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1500930309439036.

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Kaunda, Nalishebo Nally. "Exploring object-oriented GIS for watershed resource management". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2226.

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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 87 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-85).

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Eskandari, Abdollah 1952. "Decision support system in watershed management under uncertainty". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191213.

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Watershed ecosystems consist of numerous resources which have important environmental, social, cultural, and economic values. The mutual existence and interaction among different resources within the watershed ecosystem calls for a multiobjective watershed resources management analysis. These objectives are often uncertain since they are based on estimation and/or measurement data. Probabilistic methods or fuzzification are usually the methods used in modeling these uncertainties. Selection of the best decision alternative is based on using some Multiple Criterion Decision Making (MCDM) technique. Through simulation in this dissertation, we examine the probabilistic model to address the watershed management problem. In particular, the distance-based methods, which are the most frequently used MCDM techniques, are employed in the problem analysis. In most cases, several interest groups with conflicting preferences are willing to influence the final decision. In our study, a new method is suggested to incorporate their preference orders into the DM's final preference. The application of MCDM techniques combined with stochastic simulation and conflicting preference orders is new in the watershed management literature. Detailed analysis and comparison of the numerical results will help to decide on the suitability of the MCDM technique in watershed resources management. In particular, our numerical results indicate that in practical applications the best alternative selection is significantly influenced by the uncertainties in the payoff values. Hence, in situations where suitable data are available, our methodology is highly recommended.

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Slemp, Christopher T. "An assessment of community capacity for sustainable watershed management in the lower Kaskaskia River watershed /". Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1966551511&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Ho, Sharon Pui Kwan. "Watershed stewardship boards, a partnership between community and government in watershed management in Nova Scotia". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0016/MQ57297.pdf.

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Slemp, Christopher Thomas. "An Assessment of Community Capacity for Sustainable Watershed Management in the Lower Kaskaskia River Watershed". OpenSIUC, 2009. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/131.

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Sprawling low density housing and retail developments characterize the growth patterns of many communities nationally. These patterns of development have been associated with impairments in ecosystem services that are critical to the functioning of social and natural systems. In response to the negative implications of these patterns, watershed initiatives are taking place across the U.S. These initiatives are characterized by participatory decision making processes involving diverse community interest groups. Studies have indicated that leadership and social capital contribute to the success of these initiatives. A qualitative assessment of community capacity for sustainable watershed management was conducted in two Lower Kaskaskia River watersheds. The study communities of Belleville and O'Fallon, Illinois are located in the eastern metropolitan region of St. Louis, MO. The primary concerns of community managers and planners are related to managing growth and its negative impacts on economic, social, and natural capitals. Six research questions drove this capacity assessment: (1) How do diverse community managers and residents define community health, (2) What role does the natural environment play in perceptions of community health, (3) What are the perceived effects of urbanization on the study communities, (4) What are community stakeholders' beliefs about the level of environmental protection within their communities, (5) What are stakeholders' perceptions of their communities' ability to solve problems and (6) What are critical indicators of community capacity to engage in sustainable watershed management. Study findings suggest that healthy natural environments are an essential element of healthy communities. Indicators of community capacity for watershed management were identified by participants. This list of indicators can be used as a tool by residents that have identified a need for a watershed initiative in their community. Key findings suggest that developing a sustainable vision, networking between groups, and leadership play important roles in the successful implementation of community based watershed initiatives.

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de, Leon Raymond F. "Developing a Service-Learning Program for Watershed Management: Lessons from the Stroubles Creek Watershed Initiative". Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37100.

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There has been a growing interest and support by many state and local programs to address aquatic resource protection and restoration at a watershed level. The desire by many programs to implement watershed management programs has become more than just a need, rather a necessity to ensure suitable water resources. However, many challenges arise when developing and sustaining watershed programs. One such challenge is that watershed programs are resource intensive. These programs require significant funds to support monitoring, research, effective management, and to provide public outreach. In addition, these programs require knowledgeable and skilled water resource professionals who can implement and manage these tasks. Integrating university-knowledge and resources into the watershed effort can meet many of these challenges. Faculty, students, and in-kind university support can contribute knowledge, technical support, research funds, and personnel to aid and enhance watershed management activities. Furthermore, connecting watershed management activities with academic work can foster the development of future environmental planning, policy, and science professionals. The overall goal of this paper is to explore the integration of service-learning in higher education within watershed management activities. The concepts and benefits of service-learning are explored in this paper. An example of a watershed-based, service-learning initiative in the Stroubles Creek watershed, Virginia is presented. In addition, perspectives gathered from the Initiative's students and project coordinator (the author) on their work experience as service-learners are provided. The lessons and recommendations presented in this paper pave way to means of sustaining and enhancing service-learning program in watershed activities.
Master of Urban and Regional Planning

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Zhao, Xiaobing. "A spatial-temporal optimization approach to watershed management AMD treatment in the Cheat River Watershed, WV /". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3790.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2004.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 213 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 164-172).

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Pumayalli, Rene. "Watershed Modeling by Remote Sensing and AGWA - SWAT for Western Portion of Cusco Watershed - Peru". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193359.

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Erosion and flooding in the Cusco watershed have increased over the last 30 years due to urban growth and incorrect use of natural resources. New data for a section of the watershed were created with satellite image, spatial data, and geoprocessing software including Erdas Imagine 9.1 and ArcInfo and free information and software in the public domain on the internet. AGWA2.0 - SWAT modeling software used the data to assess the actual conditions of the study area (Model 1) including sediment yield, water yield, percolation, and stream flow. Then, two models were created by altering the conditions of the land cover/use grid: Model 2 changed the bare soil class into contour trenches, and Model 3 changed bare soil class into trees or forest. A comparison of Models 2 and 3 with the current state (Model 1) found that forestation, Model 3, would greatly decrease flooding and increase water infiltration.

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Tecle, Aregai 1948. "Choice of multicriterion decision making techniques for watershed management". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191145.

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The problem of selecting a multicriterion decision making (MCDM) technique for watershed resources management is investigated. Of explicit concern in this research is the matching of a watersned resources management problem with an appropriate MCDM technique. More than seventy techniques are recognized while reviewing the area of MCDM. A new classification scheme is developed to categorize these techniques into four groups on the bases of each algorithm's structural formulation and the possible results obtained by using the algorithm. Other standard classification schemes are also discussed to better understand the differences and similarities among the techniques and thereby demonstrate the importance of matching a particular multicriterion decision problem with an appropriate MCDM technique. The desire for selecting the most appropriate MCDM technique for watershed resources management lead to the development of 49 technique choice criteria and an algorithm for selecting a technique. The algorithm divides the technique choice criteria into four groups: (1) DM/analyst-related criteria, (2) technique-related criteria, (3) problem-related criteria and (4) solution-related criteria. To analyze the applicability of MCDM techniques to a particular problem, the levels of performance of the techniques in solving the problem are, at first, evaluated with respect to the choice criteria in each criterion group resulting in four sets of preference rankings. These four sets are then linearly combined using a set of trade-off parameters to determine the overall preference ranking of the techniques. The MUM technique selection process is itself modeled as a multiobjective problem. In this research, for example, a set of 15 techniques, the author is familiar with, are analyzed for their appropriateness to solve a watershed resources management problem. The performance levels of the 15 MCDM techniques in solving such a problem are evaluated with respect to a selected set of technique choice criteria in each criterion group leading to a set of four evaluation matrices of choice criteria versus alternative techniques. This technique choice problem is then analyzed using a two-stage evaluation procedure known as composite programming. The final product of the process resulted in a preference ranking of the alternative MCDM techniques.

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Garduño, Diaz Philippe Youssef. "Social Safeguards for REDD+ in Mexico’s Watershed Management Program". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-176121.

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Case studies on environmental governance are essential to improve comprehension on howto implement international agreements. This study focuses on seven social safeguards relevant toREDD+. The existence of these social safeguards is examined in Mexico’s watershed managementprogram in La Sierra Madre and La Costa of Chiapas. The watershed management program is anotherPayment for Ecosystem Services (PES) scheme similar to REDD+. Questionnaires and interviews wereused to conduct primary research with participants of the water management program. Upon theexamination of the collected data the safeguards were analysed on their sufficiency for REDD+.REDD+ itself could not be examined as it is still in the stage of preparation at the time of the research.Results varied between each safeguards. A complaint mechanism does exist but is underutilized andgenerally dysfunctional. Local knowledge is considered and used as the watershed managementprogram has a flat hierarchy of decision-making. However this is only the case at the lowestinstitutional level of the Comités de Cuenca. The higher the level the less likely it is that localknowledge will be considered. This is reflected in the social safeguard of full and effectiveparticipation, which is only fulfilled at the lowest level. There are no barriers to participation when itcomes to implementing and evaluating the mechanism on a local scale. However the design of it isdone on institutional levels beyond the reach of locals. The application of free, prior and informedconsent is upheld within the mechanism, as everyone participates by his or her own free choice.Marginalized stakeholders such as women, indigenous people and youth are also free to participate;unfortunately, little is done to encourage them to do so. As a result few to none are present, turning theComités de Cuenca into decision-making bodies for comparably wealthy and influential citizens at thelocal scale. The benefits acquired from the mechanism mostly go to e.g. work-committees where muchof the funds are distributed as income to temporary workers from the local community. According toparticipants of the Comités and managers alike, the decision-making process is equal to the waydecisions were made before the arrival of the mechanism.It could be observed that some social safeguards are in place, however, none of them sufficiently forREDD+. In regards to implementation of REDD+ the most challenging social safeguard will be theconcept of “free, prior and informed consent”. This holds true as long as REDD+ will be implementednationally. If that will be the case the government would have to convince locals across the country toparticipate in REDD+, including those that already announced their opposition in the Declaration ofPatihuitz (Declaration of Patihuitz 2011). Without legitimization there will be little participation andcommitment on the side of local people, which is crucial to make REDD+ work. Hence it isrecommended that the mechanism takes a process-oriented focus in order to legitimize the mechanism.
implement international agreements. At the 16th Climate Change Conference, the United Nationsformally agreed to launch a new Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) scheme called ReducingEmission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). Controversy exists concerning socialand environmental safeguards, which are additional rules aimed at preventing harm to civil society andnature. This study focuses on seven social safeguards that could be identified through a review ofinternational law. These are: complaint mechanism; consideration and usage of local knowledge; fulland effective participation; application of free, prior and informed consent; inclusion of marginalizedstakeholders; equitable benefit-sharing; and the use of traditional methods for decision-making.This study examines the existence of these social safeguards in Mexico’s watershed managementprogram of La Sierra Madre and La Costa of Chiapas. The watershed management program is anotherPES scheme similar to REDD+. Questionnaires and interviews were used as a means to conductprimary research with participants of the water management program. Upon the examination of thecollected data the safeguards were analysed on their sufficiency for REDD+. REDD+ itself could notbe examined as it is still in the stage of preparation at the time of the research.It could be observed that some social safeguards are in place, however, none of them sufficiently forREDD+. In regards to the implementation of REDD+ the most challenging social safeguard will be theconcept of “free, prior and informed consent”. This holds true as long as REDD+ will be implementednationally. If that will be the case the government would have to convince locals across the country toparticipate in REDD+, including those that already announced their opposition in the Declaration ofPatihuitz (Declaration of Patihuitz 2011).As REDD+ is another governmental mechanism it needs to fulfil specific requirements in theChiapanecan context in order to function properly. One of the most important foundations is to createtrust between stakeholders which has been lost during decades of conflict and corruption. This trust canbe established by committing to the guidelines of the social safeguards with particular focus on theinclusion of marginalized stakeholders and transparency. Hence it is recommended that the mechanismtakes a process-oriented focus in order to legitimize the mechanism. Without legitimization there willbe little participation and commitment from local people, which is crucial to make REDD+ work.

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Kuterdem, Can Ali. "Integrated Watershed Management Using a Genetic Algorithm-Based Approach". NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20010713-114413.

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Kuterdem, Can Ali. Integrated Watershed Management Using a Genetic Algorithm-Based Approach (Under the direction of Dr. Ranji S. Ranjithan)Watershed management requires consideration of a multitude of factors affecting water quality at the watershed-scale while integrating point and non-point sources of pollution and control. While the existing water quality modeling systems and associated quantitative tools can assist in some aspects of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) development for a watershed, their abilities to assist in determining efficient management strategies are limited. Typically, the best a user can do is employ these tools manually to explore the solution space via a trial-and-error process, which is inefficient for finding management strategies that consider water quality as well as a multitude of other design issues simultaneously. Recent implementation of the STAR (STrategy, Analysis, and Reporting) system incorporates a set of systems analytic tools to assist decisions-makers explore and identify alternative management strategies. The main engine of the STAR system is a genetic algorithm-based optimization technique, which is coupled with additional tools such as an uncertainty propagation tool, a solution reporting system, and an incremental strategy development system to form a decision support framework. This paper describes some of the capabilities of this framework through several illustrative scenarios for the Yellow River watershed in Gwinnett County, Georgia, which conducted a comprehensive, countywide TMDL investigation to assess the current water quality conditions. The STAR system?s capabilities are employed to identify ways to achieve minimum total phosphorous (TP) levels via point and nonpoint source controls, as well as characterize the implications of future urban development on TP levels. Noninferior tradeoffs between urban development and TP levels at different degrees of point source controls are generated. The range of uses of the STAR system in considering the integrated effect of point and non-point sources in watershed management is demonstrated throughout these illustrative scenarios.

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Criblez, Matthew. "Multijurisdictional watershed management in Virginia: experiences and lessons learned". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45073.

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Ffolliott, Peter F. "Integrated Watershed Management: A Comprehensive Approach to Land Stewardship". Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296994.

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Gurewitz, Heather 1977. "The Role of Socia-Economic Indicators in Watershed Management". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9870.

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xiv, 107 p. : ill., maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
In Oregon, watershed councils are a prime example of community-based natural resource management. Since the early 1990's the state has promoted local place-based ecosystem management for the restoration of fish habitat, water quality, and the protection of water resources. In this new paradigm, watershed management in Oregon incorporates ecosystem and adaptive management, a concept that involves acting, monitoring, and evaluating current and past programs. Since their early beginnings, watershed councils have recognized the integrated nature ofthe socio-economic and biophysical environment. However, the management practices of watershed councils in Oregon have focused on the bio-physical environment and bio-physical monitoring and evaluation. Socio-economic indicators may provide information that will allow watershed councils to plan for watershed management in a more holistic framework for strategic decision-making and collaborative management through an integration of the socio-economic and bio-physical elements of the watershed.
Committee in charge: Dr. Michael Hibbard, Chair; Dr. Cassandra Moseley; Dr. Jon A. Souder

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Landy, C., Phillip R. Scheuerman, L. Curtis e T. Oppewal. "Environmental Education: A Hands-On Approach to Watershed Management". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1998. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2919.

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Alfian, Alfian. "The Impact of Decentralization on Integrated Watershed Management (IWM): A Case Study in the Wanggu Watershed, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia". The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1588962127373195.

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Vilanculos, Agostinho Chuquelane Fadulo. "The use of hydrological information to improve flood management-integrated hydrological modelling of the Zambezi River basin". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018915.

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The recent high profile flooding events – that have occurred in many parts of the world – have drawn attention to the need for new and improved methods for water resources assessment, water management and the modelling of large-scale flooding events. In the case of the Zambezi Basin, a review of the 2000 and 2001 floods identified the need for tools to enable hydrologists to assess and predict daily stream flow and identify the areas that are likely to be affected by flooding. As a way to address the problem, a methodology was set up to derive catchment soil moisture statistics from Earth Observation (EO) data and to study the improvements brought about by an assimilation of this information into hydrological models for improving reservoir management in a data scarce environment. Rainfall data were obtained from the FEWSNet Web site and computed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climatic Prediction Center (NOAA/CPC). These datasets were processed and used to monitor rainfall variability and subsequently fed into a hydrological model to predict the daily flows for the Zambezi River Basin. The hydrological model used was the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM), developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). GeoSFM is a spatially semi-distributed physically-based hydrological model, parameterised using spatially distributed topographic data, soil characteristics and land cover data sets available globally from both Remote Sensing and in situ sources. The Satellite rainfall data were validated against data from twenty (20) rainfall gauges located on the Lower Zambezi. However, at several rain gauge stations (especially those with complex topography, which tended to experience high rainfall spatial variability), there was no direct correlation between the satellite estimates and the ground data as recorded in daily time steps. The model was calibrated for seven gauging stations. The calibrated model performed quite well at seven selected locations (R2=0.66 to 0.90, CE=0.51 to 0.88, RSR=0.35 to 0.69, PBIAS=−4.5 to 7.5). The observed data were obtained from the National Water Agencies of the riparian countries. After GeoSFM calibration, the model generated an integration of the flows into a reservoir and hydropower model to optimise the operation of Kariba and Cahora Bassa dams. The Kariba and Cahora Bassa dams were selected because this study considers these two dams as the major infrastructures for controlling and alleviating floods in the Zambezi River Basin. Other dams (such as the Kafue and Itezhi-Thezi) were recognised in terms of their importance but including them was beyond the scope of this study because of financial and time constraints. The licence of the reservoir model was limited to one year for the same reason. The reservoir model used was the MIKE BASIN, a professional engineering software package and quasi-steady-state mass balance modelling tool for integrated river basin and management, developed by the Denmark Hydraulic Institute (DHI) in 2003. The model was parameterised by the geometry of the reservoir basin (level, area, volume relationships) and by the discharge-level (Q-h) relationship of the dam spillways. The integrated modelling system simulated the daily flow variation for all Zambezi River sub-basins between 1998 and 2008 and validated between 2009 and 2011. The resulting streamflows have been expressed in terms of hydrograph comparisons between simulated and observed flow values at the four gauging stations located downstream of Cahora Bassa dam. The integrated model performed well, between observed and forecast streamflows, at four selected gauging stations (R2=0.53 to 0.90, CE=0.50 to 0.80, RSR=0.49 to 0.69, PBIAS=−2.10 to 4.8). From the results of integrated modelling, it was observed that both Kariba and Cahora Bassa are currently being operated based on the maximum rule curve and both remain focused on maximising hydropower production and ensuring dam safety rather than other potential influences by the Zambezi River (such as flood control downstream – where the communities are located – and environmental issues). In addition, the flood mapping analysis demonstrated that the Cahora Bassa dam plays an important part in flood mitigation downstream of the dams. In the absence of optimisation of flow releases from both the Kariba and Cahora Bassa dams, in additional to the contribution of any other tributaries located downstream of the dams, the impact of flooding can be severe. As such, this study has developed new approaches for flood monitoring downstream of the Zambezi Basin, through the application of an integrated modelling system. The modelling system consists of: predicting daily streamflow (using the calibrated GeoSFM), then feeding the predicted streamflow into MIKE BASIN (for checking the operating rules) and to optimise the releases. Therefore, before releases are made, the flood maps can be used as a decision-making tool to both assess the impact of each level of release downstream and to identify the communities likely to be affected by the flood – this ensures that the necessary warnings can be issued before flooding occurs. Finally an integrated flood management tool was proposed – to host the results produced by the integrated system – which would then be accessible for assessment by the different users. These results were expressed in terms of water level (m). Four discharge-level (Q-h) relationships were developed for converting the simulated flow into water level at four selected sites downstream of Cahora Bassa dam – namely: Cahora Bassa dam site, Tete (E-320), Caia (E-291) and Marromeu (E-285). However, the uncertainties in these predictions suggested that improved monitoring systems may be achieved if data access at appropriate scale and quality was improved.

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Anderson, Richard McDonald. "Decision analysis and exploratory modeling in Lake Erie ecosystem management". Available to US Hopkins community, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/dlnow/3068110.

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