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1
Watkins, David. "Case for Case Studies in Water Resources Planning and Management Education". Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 133, n. 2 (marzo 2007): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(2007)133:2(93).
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Nwankwoala, H. O. "Case Studies on Coastal Wetlands and Water Resources in Nigeria". European Journal of Sustainable Development 1, n. 2 (1 giugno 2012): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2012.v1n2p113.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Wetlands play a very important role in the sustenance of both the surface andgroundwater resources of the country. It is sad to observe that the country is fast losingher wetlands, as the rich wetlands are being seriously threatened by a number ofanthropogenic and biophysical factors. Some of the notable human actions includepopulation pressure, rapid urbanization, mining, oil and industrial waste pollution,overgrazing, logging, dam construction, transportation routes and other physicalinfrastructure. Others factors are uncontrolled tilling for crop production andunprecedented/unregulated land reclamation. Subsidence, saltwater intrusion, sandstorm, desertification and droughts, invasion by alien floral and faunal species as well asmarine and coastal erosion are natural threats to wetlands in Nigeria. Wetlandsdestruction affects negatively water supply and water resources management. This studyexamines in great detail the fate of wetlands in the face of climate change andrecommends that efforts should be made to accurately document the country’s wetland.The paper therefore suggested sustainable options for wetlands and water resourcesmanagement in Nigeria. This, the paper opined, can be done through the strengtheningof wetlands preservation and conservation regulation, mitigating the effects of climatechange as well as the development of deliberate restoration programmes and policiesaimed at sustaining degraded wetlands in Nigeria.
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ROSENZWEIG, C., K. STRZEPEK, D. MAJOR, A. IGLESIAS, D. YATES, A. MCCLUSKEY e D. HILLEL. "Water resources for agriculture in a changing climate: international case studies". Global Environmental Change Part A 14, n. 4 (dicembre 2004): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-3780(04)00062-7.
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Rosenzweig, Cynthia, Kenneth M. Strzepek, David C. Major, Ana Iglesias, David N. Yates, Alyssa McCluskey e Daniel Hillel. "Water resources for agriculture in a changing climate: international case studies". Global Environmental Change 14, n. 4 (dicembre 2004): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2004.09.003.
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Guo, Yiru, Yan Hu, Ke Shi e Yuriy Bilan. "Valuation of Water Resource Green Efficiency Based on SBM–TOBIT Panel Model: Case Study from Henan Province, China". Sustainability 12, n. 17 (26 agosto 2020): 6944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176944.
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With progress in China’s industrialization and urbanization, the contradiction of social and economic development with water resource supply–demand and water environmental pollution becomes increasingly prominent. To cope with the dual constraints of resource shortage and environmental regulations, the concept of water resource green efficiency that considers economic, environmental, and ecological factors is highly involved to promote sustainable economic development. The theoretical and practice circle devote to scientific green efficiency assessment of water resources and effective recognition of relevant influencing factors. However, to an extent they neglect social benefits brought by sustainable development and possible influences of industrial restructuring on green efficiency. They also lack concern on green efficiency of water resources in inland arid areas. To offset the disadvantages of existing studies, the philosophy of sustainable development was integrated into the input–output assessment system of green efficiency of water resources, and an assessment model was constructed using the SBM–Tobit (slack-based measure and Tobit) method. Moreover, a case study based on Henan Province, China was carried out. The green efficiencies of water resources in 18 cities of Henan Province during 2011–2018 were calculated. The operation mechanism of relevant influencing factors was discussed, and the methods to improve green efficiency of water resources were determined. Results reveal that the sustainable green efficiency of water resources in Henan Province increased in fluctuation during 2011–2018. The mean green efficiency increased from 0.425 in 2011 to 0.498 in 2018. At present, green efficiency of water resources in Henan Province remains at a low level, with a mean of 0.504. Reducing water consumption intensity and increasing investment to water environmental pollution technologies can promote green efficiency of water resources significantly. Conclusions provide a new method for scientific measurement and green efficiency assessment of water resources in inland arid areas.
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Jelev, Viorica. "NATURAL RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN A MOUNTAIN ECONOMY". Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series 18, n. 4 (18 dicembre 2018): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/1845.
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This paper presents the existing situation at national and world level considering the available water resources, their vulnerability especially in the mountains areas, the impact of climate changes, the possible conflicts regarding the intensification of water shortage in some regions of the world. I also present a case study on forests in Romania. Beginning with the general data mentioned above, we point out the specific peculiarities of the mountain area hydrology for identifying some aspects which are specific to the mountain water relationship. The analysis is necessary as no specifications regarding the mountain hilly or plain areas are done in the activity regarding waters management. Waters are managed unitary on river basins considering some general principles, unanimously recognized, well reflected into the national and international regulations. As a first stage, traditional economic activities are identified in the relationship of the mountain areas inhabitants with water but also some present approaches. The way the mountain areas inhabitants knew how to live together and capitalize water resources represents a model and impulse for coming back to such sustainable solutions but capitalizing the advantages of modern technologies. Each of these activities referring to waters which take place in the mountains area can represent ways for the research activity and future thorough studies from the technical, economic, social, cultural-traditional point of view and also for environment protection. A main preoccupation might have connection with the evolution of agricultural activities in the mountains area considering the climate changes and a possible “migration” towards higher areas of some agricultural practices specific to lower areas. The paper also shows a small example of the regaining by the locals of a community of an important resource for their lives in the hands of corporations: the forests defaced by HOLZINDUSTRIE SCHWEIGHOFER and stop flooding villages.
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Chen, Hua Long, Yu Liu, Xian Zheng Gong, Li Wei Hao, Bo Xue Sun e Xiao Qing Li. "A Review on Water Footprint Research of Materials Industry". Materials Science Forum 993 (maggio 2020): 404–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.404.
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The scarcity of water resource has become one of major issues that constrain economic development and urbanization process in China. The water footprint is a comprehensive indicator used to measure water consumption and pollution that is widely used in global or regional studies. The previous practices showed that water footprint analysis was an effective tool to achieve sustainable utilization of water resources by guiding the development of water-saving technology and product. This paper reviewed the progress of water footprint research in materials industry including related theory, method and application. Firstly, the basic concept of water footprint was introduced. Secondly, the current accounting and assessment methods of water footprint and their applicable fields were summarized. Thirdly, the case studies on the water footprint of metallic materials, nonmetallic materials and chemical materials were reviewed to analyze its guidance significance on the sustainable development of water resources. At last, some suggestions for future research on the water footprint of materials were proposed.
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Apostolaki, Stella, Ebun Akinsete, Stella Tsani, Phoebe Koundouri, Nikittas Pittis e Eleftherios Levantis. "Assessing the Effectiveness of the WFD as a Tool to Address Different Levels of Water Scarcity Based on Two Case Studies of the Mediterranean Region". Water 11, n. 4 (21 aprile 2019): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040840.
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Despite being a natural phenomenon, water scarcity is, to a great extent, human-induced, particularly affected by climate change and by the increased water resources vulnerability. The Water Framework Directive (WFD), an ‘umbrella’ directive that aims to provide holistic approaches to the management of water resources and is supported by a number of Communication documents on water scarcity, requires for prompt responses to ensure ‘healthy’ water bodies of good ecological status. The current paper presents a multidisciplinary approach, developed and engaged within the Globaqua Project, to provide an assessment of the main challenges towards addressing water scarcity with emphasis on the climate change projections, in two Mediterranean regions. The current paper attempts to critically assess the effectiveness of the WFD as a tool to address water scarcity and increase sustainability in resource use. Criticism lies on the fact that the WFD does not directly refer to it, still, water scarcity is recognized as a factor that increases stress on water resources and deteriorates their status. In addition, the Program of Measures (PoMs) within the WFD clearly contribute to reducing vulnerability of water resources and to ensure current and future water use, also under the impact of the projected climate change.
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Viles, Elisabeth, Javier Santos, Tamara Fernández Arévalo, Martín Tanco e Florencia Kalemkerian. "A New Mindset for Circular Economy Strategies: Case Studies of Circularity in the Use of Water". Sustainability 12, n. 22 (23 novembre 2020): 9781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229781.
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In a circular economy (CE) environment, it is important to make good and efficient use of resources and consider that the waste generated in production processes can be a valuable resource. However, the tools and methodologies conventionally used to analyze and evaluate production systems are based on techniques focused on linear production management models, where the primary purpose is to reduce the treatment and management of waste as much as possible and where productive and environmental efficiency are not evaluated simultaneously. Changing the paradigm from a linear to a circular economy requires that a new strategy for production systems be defined, one that makes production processes simultaneously circular and efficient (in terms of quality and productivity). In this context, a holistic vision is needed when implementing CE strategies. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to provide evidence, through two real case studies in the use of water, that the management of this resource without considering systemic thinking may not be the most circular solution. Main results showed that improvements based on the traditional approach of reducing resource use cannot provide the best results if they are supported only by current process consumption without considering the circularity of resources.
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Villegas Quiceno, Adriana Patricia, Victor Hugo Aristizabal Tique, Oscar Felipe Arbelaez Pérez, Ramón Fernado Colmenares Quintero e Francisco Javier Vélez Hoyos. "Development of riverine hydrokinetic energy systems in Colombia and other world regions: a review of case studies". DYNA 88, n. 217 (22 maggio 2021): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v88n217.93098.
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At a global level, hydrokinetic power has been considered as a renewable energy source, and it has become an attractive alternative for the rural electrification of non-interconnected areas with the presence of water resources. Aspects such as the low rural electrification rate, the increase in energy demand, the decrease in fossil reserves and the climate change, are some of the factors that have driven the use of this technology for the electricity production. The aim of this work is to give a review of the hydrokinetic energy potential of water resources, the requirements and impacts of the implementation of hydrokinetic technology in different countries, and the current development in the Colombian case. At present, it can be observed that the implementation of this technology in different regions of the world, especially in Colombia, has several challenges and barriers, including gaps in knowledge, information and data, such as well as limitations of water resources and infrastructure, finally, impacting on a low adoption of this technology. On the other hand, publications on studies of implementation and potential of hydrokinetic technology have been increasing over time, indicating that this topic has been gaining interest despite the challenges.
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Gurung, Anup, Sanot Adhikari, Raju Chauhan, Sudeep Thakuri, Selina Nakarmi, Sarita Ghale, Bhawani S. Dongol e Deepak Rijal. "Water crises in a water-rich country: case studies from rural watersheds of Nepal's mid-hills". Water Policy 21, n. 4 (24 aprile 2019): 826–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.245.
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Abstract The main objective of this paper is to assess the water crisis in Nepal by conducting a series of case studies in rural watersheds in the mid-hills. This was achieved through the applied qualitative method, especially combinations of desk study/structured searches, consultation, and field observation. The ground survey revealed that most of the rural communities in the mid-hills have an unreliable water supply. According to the local stakeholders, 20–25% of water resources have dried up as compared to 20 years ago. Drying up of water resources disproportionately affects women and girls in rural areas as women are responsible for household chores, including fetching drinking water. The findings also revealed that low-income households bear a disproportionate coping burden as compared to elite groups, as they often engage in coping strategies such as collecting water from distant water sources, which is labor- and time-intensive, and also yields smaller quantities of water. Assuming that unreliable water supplies will continue to exist in rural areas of the mid-hills for the foreseeable future, there is a critical need to consider which, if any, coping strategies will be most effective in ensuring that poor households will have access to safe and sufficient water supply.
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Tang, Lian, e Wei Jiang Zhang. "Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation for Water Resources Sustainable Utilization of Ningxia". Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (gennaio 2012): 2770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.2770.
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Evaluation of regional water resources sustainable utilization provides a scientific basis for further water resources utilization and social economic sustainable development. How to use a scientific and rational evaluation index system to analyze the sustainable of water resources becomes particularly important .Based on the theory of sustainable development，This paper mainly studied on the case of Ningxia located in the western China. By using the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and basing on the historical data of 5 years, The calculation of comprehensive evaluation matrix is established and the dynamic trend of Ningxia water resource sustainable utilization is evaluated for 2005-2009, and forecasted in 2015as well.
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Tsatsaros, Julie, Jennifer Wellman, Iris Bohnet, Jon Brodie e Peter Valentine. "Indigenous Water Governance in Australia: Comparisons with the United States and Canada". Water 10, n. 11 (13 novembre 2018): 1639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111639.
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Aboriginal participation in water resources decision making in Australia is similar when compared with Indigenous peoples’ experiences in other common law countries such as the United States and Canada; however, this process has taken different paths. This paper provides a review of the literature detailing current legislative policies and practices and offers case studies to highlight and contrast Indigenous peoples’ involvement in water resources planning and management in Australia and North America. Progress towards Aboriginal governance in water resources management in Australia has been slow and patchy. The U.S. and Canada have not developed consistent approaches in honoring water resources agreements or resolving Indigenous water rights issues either. Improving co-management opportunities may advance approaches to improve interjurisdictional watershed management and honor Indigenous participation. Lessons learned from this review and from case studies presented provide useful guidance for environmental managers aiming to develop collaborative approaches and co-management opportunities with Indigenous people for effective water resources management.
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Wang, Hui Feng, Yong Xiang Zhang, Cheng Zhi Wang e Jing Hao. "Study on the Construction of the Groundwater Rights Market - The Case Studies in Beijing Chaoyang District in China". Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (agosto 2013): 3333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3333.
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The contradictory is serious about the using balance of water recourse in Beijing Chaoyang district. The main phenomenon is excessive picking groundwater and water demand increases. Chaoyang Water Bureau had formulated the ground water rights market in for to stopping lower of ground water level. Water rights market configurated water resources and promoted using efficiency of water. The case of Chaoyang district water rights market will provide a reference for groundwater management and development of groundwater rights market.
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Neef, A., J. Hager, T. Wirth, R. Schwarzmeier e F. Heidhues. "Land tenure and water rights in Thailand and Vietnam : challenges for ethnic minorities in mountainous forest regions". Geographica Helvetica 61, n. 4 (31 dicembre 2006): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-61-255-2006.
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Abstract. Ethnie minorities in the mountainous forest regions of northern Thailand and northern Vietnam live in a particularly restrictive political, social and economic environment. Widespread degradation of land, water and forest resources has adverse effects on the livelihoods of these groups. Given the dramatically increasing scarcity of natural resources, regulation of resource access and allocation are becoming fundamental for the development of sustainable resource management, in which an active participation of the local population in planning and implementation is a crucial prerequisite. In this article, the political and institutional framework of current resource policies and resulting conflicts are discussed for the two countries. Drawing on various case studies, typical land and water tenure conflicts are presented and their impact on the protection and use of natural resources and on the livelihoods of ethnie minorities is analyzed.
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Oshun, Jasper, Kristina Keating, Margaret Lang e Yojana Miraya Oscco. "Interdisciplinary Water Development in the Peruvian Highlands: The Case for Including the Coproduction of Knowledge in Socio-Hydrology". Hydrology 8, n. 3 (2 agosto 2021): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8030112.
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Agrarian communities in the Peruvian Andes depend on local water resources that are threatened by both a changing climate and changes in the socio-politics of water allocation. A community’s local autonomy over water resources and its capacity to plan for a sustainable and secure water future depends, in part, on integrated local environmental knowledge (ILEK), which leverages and blends traditional and western scientific approaches to knowledge production. Over the course of a two-year collaborative water development project with the agrarian district of Zurite, we designed and implemented an applied model of socio-hydrology focused on the coproduction of knowledge among scientists, local knowledge-holders and students. Our approach leveraged knowledge across academic disciplines and cultures, trained students to be valued producers of knowledge, and, most importantly, integrated the needs and concerns of the community. The result is a community-based ILEK that informs sustainable land and water management and has the potential to increase local autonomy over water resources. Furthermore, the direct link between interdisciplinary water science and community benefits empowered students to pursue careers in water development. The long-term benefits of our approach support the inclusion of knowledge coproduction among scholars, students and, in particular, community members, in applied studies of socio-hydrology.
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Rehana, Shaik, Chandra Rupa Rajulapati, Subimal Ghosh, Subhankar Karmakar e Pradeep Mujumdar. "Uncertainty Quantification in Water Resource Systems Modeling: Case Studies from India". Water 12, n. 6 (23 giugno 2020): 1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061793.
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Regional water resource modelling is important for evaluating system performance by analyzing the reliability, resilience and vulnerability criteria of the system. In water resource systems modelling, several uncertainties abound, including data inadequacy and errors, modeling inaccuracy, lack of knowledge, imprecision, inexactness, randomness of natural phenomena, and operational variability, in addition to challenges such as growing population, increasing water demands, diminishing water sources and climate change. Recent advances in modelling techniques along with high computational capabilities have facilitated rapid progress in this area. In India, several studies have been carried out to understand and quantify uncertainties in various basins, enumerate large temporal and regional mismatches between water availability and demands, and project likely changes due to warming. A comprehensive review of uncertainties in water resource modelling from an Indian perspective is yet to be done. In this work, we aim to appraise the quantification of uncertainties in systems modelling in India and discuss various water resource management and operation models. Basic formulation of models for probabilistic, fuzzy and grey/inexact simulation, optimization, and multi-objective analyses to water resource design, planning and operations are presented. We further discuss challenges in modelling uncertainties, missing links in integrated systems approach, along with directions for future.
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Bo, Li, Wu Qiang e Chen Li-xia. "An analytical method of regional water resources carrying capacity in karst area – a case study in Guizhou province, China". Water Practice and Technology 11, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2016): 796–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2016.085.
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The uneven temporal and spatial distributions and the unreasonable development and utilization of water resources have caused increasingly severe water resources shortage around the world. Studying on regional water carrying capacity is beneficial for the optimal management of water resources, and can provide assistance for the sustainable utilization of water resources. The typical karst area in China – Guizhou province was applied as the research area in the paper. Meanwhile, twelve indexes were selected from three perspectives including water supply, water demand and social economy to establish the evaluation index system of regional water carrying capacity. Afterwards, the analysis hierarchy process was utilized to construct the evaluation model of regional water resources carrying capacity, so as to evaluate, compare and analyze the regional water carrying capacity in each city of Guizhou province, China. This model verified the feasibility of the evaluation method. Relevant studies can provide certain theory evidence and method support for the investigation on regional water carrying capacity.
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Luo, Xiaoqin, Ganlu Wang, Yuliang Mou, Ruiying Liu, Hao Zhou, Hanying Si e Qinggang Chen. "The Analysis of the Water Resource Carrying Capacity in the Shale and Gas Exploration Area, Southwest China Karst Region ‒ A Case Study from Cenggong County". Open Civil Engineering Journal 11, n. 1 (19 giugno 2017): 258–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501711010258.
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Introduction: As an unconventional natural gas resource, shale gas is the current hot topic in the oil and gas industry. China is rich in shale gas resource, most of which lies in the Southwest Karst Area with its fragile ecological environment. Discussion: The following questions must be studied before exploration thereof: on one hand, shale gas mining requires a lot of water, on the other hand, if the karst region water resources can support shale gas mining over a large area, and if the consequent water/environmental pollution problems will bring more severe challenges to the sustainable development of society and the economy in the southwest karst area, there is a potential conflict requiring a research-based resolution. The water resource carrying capacity is an important measure of the potential sustainable development of a karst region, with its unique geological structure and fragile natural landscape. Therefore, the study of karst water resource carrying capacity is of great significance. Conclusion: This essay is based on Cenggong County, one of the five key shale gas exploration areas in Guizhou at the end of 2012. By calculating the water resource carrying capacity in the studied area with the help of the ecological footprint method, it is concluded that the existing water resources in the studied area can support shale gas exploration. However, shale gas mining will cause a change in the industrial structure within the region. In addition, it has significant effects on the bearing capacity of water resources in the ecological environment.
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Wang, Yan, Weihua Xiao, Yicheng Wang, Baodeng Hou, Heng Yang, Xuelei Zhang, Mingzhi Yang e Lishan Zhu. "Exploring City Development Modes under the Dual Control of Water Resources and Energy-Related CO2 Emissions: The Case of Beijing, China". Sustainability 10, n. 9 (4 settembre 2018): 3155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093155.
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Water and energy are basic resources for urban development. It is of extreme importance to balance economic development, water and energy security, and environmental sustainability at the city level. Although many studies have focused on energy-related CO2 emissions or water resources, individually, in relation to socioeconomic development, few studies have considered water and energy-related CO2 emissions as synchronous limiting factors. Here, taking Beijing as an example, a partial least squares STIRPAT model—a method that combines partial least squares with the STIRPAT (stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology) model—was used to determine the main driving factors of water use and energy-related CO2 emissions at the regional scale from 1996 to 2016. The empirical results showed that the population, per capita gross domestic product (GDP), urbanization level, technology level, and service level, are all important factors that influence the total water use and energy-related CO2 emissions. Additionally, eight scenarios were established to explore suitable development modes for future years. Consequently, a medium growth rate in socioeconomic status and population, and a high growth rate in the technology and service level, were found to be the most appropriate development modes. This scenario would result in a total water use of 4432.13 million m3 and energy-related CO2 emissions of 173.64 million tons in 2030. The results provide a new perspective for decision makers to explore suitable measures for simultaneously conserving water resources and reducing energy-related CO2 emissions in the context of urban development.
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Lindqvist, Andreas Nicolaidis, Rickard Fornell, Thomas Prade, Linda Tufvesson, Sammar Khalil e Birgit Kopainsky. "Human-Water Dynamics and their Role for Seasonal Water Scarcity – a Case Study". Water Resources Management 35, n. 10 (17 luglio 2021): 3043–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-021-02819-1.
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AbstractEnsuring sustainable management and an adequate supply of freshwater resources is a growing challenge around the world. Even in historically water abundant regions climate change together with population growth and economic development are processes that are expected to contribute to an increase in permanent and seasonal water scarcity in the coming decades. Previous studies have shown how policies to address water scarcity often fail to deliver lasting improvements because they do not account for how these processes influence, and are influenced by, human-water interactions shaping water supply and demand. Despite significant progress in recent years, place-specific understanding of the mechanisms behind human-water feedbacks remain limited, particularly in historically water abundant regions. To this end, we here present a Swedish case study where we, by use of a qualitative system dynamics approach, explore how human-water interactions have contributed to seasonal water scarcity at the local-to-regional scale. Our results suggest that the current approach to address water scarcity by inter-basin water transports contributes to increasing demand by creating a gap between the perceived and actual state of water resources among consumers. This has resulted in escalating water use and put the region in a state of systemic lock-in where demand-regulating policies are mitigated by increases in water use enabled by water transports. We discuss a combination of information and economic policy instruments to combat water scarcity, and we propose the use of quantitative simulation methods to further assess these strategies in future studies.
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Rampinelli, Cássio G., Ian Knack e Tyler Smith. "Flood Mapping Uncertainty from a Restoration Perspective: A Practical Case Study". Water 12, n. 7 (9 luglio 2020): 1948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12071948.
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Many hydrologic studies that are the basis for water resources planning and management rely on streamflow information. Calibration and use of hydrologic models to extend flow series based on rainfall data, perform flood frequency analysis, or develop flood maps for land use planning and design of engineering works, such as channels, dams, bridges, and water intake, are examples of such studies. In most real-world engineering applications, errors in flow data are neglected or not adequately addressed. However, because flows are estimated based on the water level measurements by fitted rating curves, they can be subjected to significant uncertainties. How large these uncertainties are and how they can impact the results of such studies is a topic of interest for researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers of water resources. The quantitative assessment of these uncertainties is important to obtain a more realistic description of many water resources related studies. River restoration in many areas is limited by data availability and funding. A means to assess the uncertainty of flow data to be used in the design and analysis of river restoration projects that is cost effective and has minimal data requirements would greatly improve the reliability of river restoration design. This paper proposes an assessment of how uncertainties related to rating curves and frequency analysis may affect the results of flood mapping in a real-world application to a small watershed with limited data. A Bayesian approach was performed to obtain the posterior distributions for the model parameters and the HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System) hydraulic model was used to propagate the uncertainties in the water surface elevation profiles. The analysis was conducted using freely available data and open source software, greatly reducing traditional analysis costs. The results demonstrate that for the study case the uncertainty related to the frequency analysis study impacted the water profiles more significantly than the uncertainty associated with the rating curve.
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Turner, A., S. White e G. Bickford. "The Canberra least cost planning case study". Water Supply 5, n. 3-4 (1 novembre 2005): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0107.
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This paper provides details of a preliminary least cost planning (LCP) assessment carried out for Canberra, the capital city of Australia, as part of the development of a 50 year Water Resources Strategy. In the assessment a suite of options consisting of demand management, source substitution, reuse and supply were developed to determine how to satisfy water demand requirements for the projected population over the 50 year planning horizon whilst also achieving the identified demand reduction targets. The options developed were then compared on an equal basis using the principles of LCP to identify the suite of lowest cost options to be considered for further analysis and implementation. The suite of demand management options developed was found to have the lowest whole of society levelised cost. Since the preliminary analysis and release of the Water Resources Strategy in April 2004, a water efficiency team has been set up to develop an implementation plan, implement options, develop an end use model, conduct pilot studies and undertake program evaluations.
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Luijten, J. C., E. B. Knapp, S. I. Sanz e J. W. Jones. "A role for GIS-based simulation for empowering local stakeholders in water resources negotiations in developing countries: case studies for two rural hillside watersheds in Honduras and Colombia". Water Policy 5, n. 3 (1 giugno 2003): 213–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2003.0013.
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Water security for those living in poverty is a concern for a broad range of policy makers. Identifying appropriate policy options, however, means coping with complexity and uncertainty inherent in natural and human systems. This paper demonstrates how geographical information systems and simulation modeling can facilitate scenario analysis of water availability and water security. The result is policy development with a strong human context that can empower stakeholders in water resources negotiations and the design of a science-based, community-supported water resources management plans. We applied these tools to two hillside watersheds in Honduras and Colombia to generate basic information about the “state of water resources”, and how they may change over space and time, for the present situation and under alternatives futures. Stakeholder participation in creating and analyzing scenarios is a critical part of the overall policy development methodological framework, so that what might otherwise be only lines on a graph is put into more concrete human terms. The analyses showed that, among others, stream water availability and the location of streams strongly vary throughout the year and over space; that different parts of the watersheds do not equally contribute to stream water; that inequalities exist in household accessibility to streams; and that dams could help supply sufficient irrigation water under alternative development scenarios without endangering water supply to downstream communities. These results are helpful for better understanding landscape processes at a watershed scale, for identifying desired future conditions and negotiating tradeoffs that are required to reach them, and for supporting water policy development.
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Zhou, Xiaoying, Feier Wang, Kuan Huang, Huichun Zhang, Jie Yu e Alan Y. Han. "System Dynamics-Multiple Objective Optimization Model for Water Resource Management: A Case Study in Jiaxing City, China". Water 13, n. 5 (2 marzo 2021): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13050671.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Predicting and allocating water resources have become important tasks in water resource management. System dynamics and optimal planning models are widely applied to solve individual problems, but are seldom combined in studies. In this work, we developed a framework involving a system dynamics-multiple objective optimization (SD-MOO) model, which integrated the functions of simulation, policy control, and water allocation, and applied it to a case study of water management in Jiaxing, China to demonstrate the modeling. The predicted results of the case study showed that water shortage would not occur at a high-inflow level during 2018–2035 but would appear at mid- and low-inflow levels in 2025 and 2022, respectively. After we made dynamic adjustments to water use efficiency, economic growth, population growth, and water resource utilization, the predicted water shortage rates decreased by approximately 69–70% at the mid- and low-inflow levels in 2025 and 2035 compared to the scenarios without any adjustment strategies. Water allocation schemes obtained from the “prediction + dynamic regulation + optimization” framework were competitive in terms of social, economic and environmental benefits and flexibly satisfied the water demands. The case study demonstrated that the SD-MOO model framework could be an effective tool in achieving sustainable water resource management.
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Praskievicz, Sarah. "The myth of abundance: water resources in humid regions". Water Policy 21, n. 5 (24 settembre 2019): 1065–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.228.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Water resources in humid regions are perceived as abundant, and water-governance systems are based on the expectation of consistent availability of water to meet all needs. In arid regions, in contrast, the operating assumption is that water is a scarce resource that must be allocated systematically to avoid conflict. The ‘myth of abundance’ common in humid regions is counterproductive to effective water governance. This paper provides an overview of the concepts of water scarcity and water security and explains how water governance in humid regions fits into these frameworks. It then addresses the riparian system for allocating water rights and how this system promotes the myth of abundance. Three case studies are presented from humid regions of the Anglophone world, highlighting the shortcomings of abundance-based water-governance systems in these regions. Finally, the water-security framework is advocated as an alternative that addresses fundamental flaws of the abundance-based approach, namely issues related to ecosystems, water quality, disasters, and conflict. Using a goal of water security, rather than a perception of abundance, as the basis for water governance will lead to improved outcomes, especially given future climate change and population growth.
27
El Youssfi, Lahcen, Wesley Doorsamy, Adil Aghzar, Sidi Imad Cherkaoui, Ihssan Elouadi, Alex Godoy Faundez e Diego Rivera Salazar. "Review of water energy food nexus in Africa: Morocco and South Africa as case studies". E3S Web of Conferences 183 (2020): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018302002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The population of the African continent is significantly increasing which has given rise to societal, economic and environmental changes. This will generate an increase in demand for food, water and energy. Thus, strategies for sustainable management of natural resources need to be adopted urgently in order to match the future needs and to ensure sustainable development on the continent. The Water Energy Food (WEF) nexus is one the avenues for studying the current and future interactions and interdependencies of the WEF sectors under different scenarios and challenges in the effort towards establishing sustainable use of natural resources. Policies around the nexus approach are few or absent at the continental and countrylevels. This paper is a first review on the adoption of the Nexus in two model African countries, Morocco and South Africa. The review compares the water, energy and food sectors and the related national policies, plans and frameworks. The data related to the WEF Nexus revealed key difficulties of availability in both countries. A comparative analysis of the situation in both countries demonstrated differences in policies relating to the WEF Nexus across the sectors: water, energy, and agriculture. Additionally, the paper explores the relevance of technology-assisted frameworks for the WEF nexus and also analyzed risks to agriculture and food security in the context of the reviewed countries.
28
Yuan, Jie, Michele I. Van Dyke e Peter M. Huck. "Water reuse through managed aquifer recharge (MAR): assessment of regulations/guidelines and case studies". Water Quality Research Journal 51, n. 4 (23 settembre 2016): 357–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2016.022.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) with reclaimed water is an important water reuse application. As an intentional way of recharging water into aquifers, MAR can be used to address water shortages and contribute to sustainable water resources management practices. The establishment of a MAR system depends on the source of recharge water, the selection of a recharge method and site, the type of water treatment system, and the ultimate purpose of recovered water, and these components are closely related and integrated. However, at present, detailed regulations or guidelines that specifically guide MAR with reclaimed water are unavailable in most countries. The complexity of MAR systems and the lack of a sophisticated regulatory framework increase the difficulties of MAR implementation. This review provides an introduction to MAR with reclaimed water and a comparison of current worldwide water reuse regulations or guidelines, including a proposed approach for MAR implementation. An analysis of selected MAR with reclaimed water case studies was also done within the context of this proposed approach. This paper recommends the development of specific regulatory or design criteria, including a complete quantitative risk assessment framework for the evaluation and operation of MAR systems.
29
Fowler, Cynthia. "THE ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF ANCESTRAL RELIGION AND RECIPROCAL EXCHANGE IN A SACRED FOREST IN KARENDI (SUMBA, INDONESIA)". Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 7, n. 3 (2003): 303–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853503322709155.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis article tells the story of the sacred place named Mata Loko ("River's Source") in Karendi on the western end of the island of Sumba. This ethnographic case of an eastern Indonesian society where the traditional religion of Marapu persists sheds light on questions of how local belief systems are part of environmental adaptations. The use of sacred resources is restricted by the belief that marapu, the ancestors, are guardians of the forest and is enforced by supernatural sanctions. The ecological and religious processes that are described in this article illustrate that interactions between indigenous and world religions impact local cultural ecologies. In experimenting with their indigenous religion, Karendi people are simultaneously experimenting with traditional resource management. The Mata Loko case illustrates that the ritual management of scarce resources such as water and culturally/historically valuable resources such as bamboo is a form of conservation planning. Together cultural history, reciprocal exchange, and ancestral religion provide a framework for protecting valuable natural resources.
30
Zuo, Qiting, Wen Li, Heng Zhao, Junxia Ma, Chunhui Han e Zengliang Luo. "A Harmony-Based Approach for Assessing and Regulating Human-Water Relationships: A Case Study of Henan Province in China". Water 13, n. 1 (26 dicembre 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13010032.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The conflict of the human-water relationships (HWR) has further increased the water-related risks, such as water environment deterioration, water shortages, and even regional violent conflicts for obtaining usable water resources. Knowing how to evaluate and regulate the discordant HWR to form a balanced growth between sustainable socio-economy and water resources protection has become a critical issue in water resources management. The harmony theory method, which provides a new perspective for solving the conflict between humans and water, has been widely used in current studies. However, this method focuses less on the quantitative study of the balance status of HWR. This study proposes a harmony theory-based HWR evaluation method that contains a systematic process of harmony assessment, indicator identification, harmony balance constraints, and harmony regulation for assessing and regulating the discordant HWR. The Henan Province of China, which has a complicated HWR, was selected as a case study to apply and verify the approach proposed in this study. The results indicated that (1) Henan Province showed a poor harmony status. The human–water harmony degree of 18 distinctions in the province varied from 0.41 to 0.76, showing an increasing trend from 2006 to 2018, indicating that the HWR was gradually improving in recent years. (2) The human–water harmony degree showed that HWR in the southwest part of Henan Province, with less human activities, was better than that in its northeast part, which had faster social development. Sanmenxia City, located in the west part of the province, had the highest human–water harmony degree because of the recent water control projects implemented in the city, indicating that human production measures could effectively help improve HWR. (3) At present, Henan Province has serious discordant indicators in these three aspects (water system health, humanistic system development, and human-water system coordination), which proves that it is still facing pressure from both socio-economy sustainable development and water resources protection. Our results provide insight into water resources management in Henan Province and other similar regions.
31
Fehér, János, István Galambos e Zsuzsa Lehoczki. "Water Quality Management Options for a Downstream Transboundary River Basin - The Sajó River Case Study". Water Science and Technology 40, n. 10 (1 novembre 1999): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0507.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Water quality management has been a priority in Hungary in the past decades. Focus was especially upon improving water supply and stimulating economic development. On 1st January 1996 new Law on General Regulations for Environmental Protection (No. 53/1995) and the Act on Water Management (No. 57/1995) came into force. These laws are framework laws providing objectives to the development of the legal instrumentation of environmental and water protection. These new regulations should reflect the transitional nature of Hungary and should stimulate and facilitate the use of the most cost-effective and efficient forms of water quality management. Furthermore the regulations should aim at harmonization with EC directives. To support the elaboration of the new regulations case studies were carried out in the frame of a EU PHARE financed project to give answers to several water quality management and economic questions, such as (a) the way in which water quality objectives can be set when dealing with transboundary loads and vulnerable groundwater resources; (b) how to address industries in sanitation; (c) how to formulate collection and treatment requirements in the case of a very sensitive surface water originating in a river basin with predominantly non-vulnerable groundwater resources; (d) the cost effective sanitation strategy; (e) the determination of permissible loads by using water quality models; and (f) how to allocate this load among pollution sources. The paper is gives an overview of the case study with the discussion of the conclusions.
32
Maćkowski, Tomasz, Anna Sowiżdżał e Anna Wachowicz-Pyzik. "Seismic Methods in Geothermal Water Resource Exploration: Case Study from Łódź Trough, Central Part of Poland". Geofluids 2019 (31 marzo 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3052806.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The geothermal waters constitute a specific type of water resources, very important from the point of view of their thermal energy potential. This potential, when utilized, supplies an ecological and renewable energy, which, after effective development, brings many environmental, social, and industrial benefits. The key element of any geothermal investment is the proper location of geothermal installation, which would guarantee the relevant hydrogeothermal parameters of the water intake. Hence, many studies and analyses are carried out in order to characterize the reservoir parameters, including the integrated geophysical methods. For decades, the geophysical surveys have been the trusty recognition methods of geological structure and petrophysical parameters of rock formations. Thus, they are widely applied by petroleum industry in exploration of conventional and unconventional (shale gas/oil, tight gas) hydrocarbon deposits. Advances in geophysical methods extended their applicability to many other scientific and industrial branches as, e.g., the seismic survey used in studies of geothermal aquifers. The following paper presents the opportunities provided by seismic methods applied to studies of geothermal resources in the central Poland where the geothermal waters are reservoired in both the Lower Cretaceous and the Lower Jurassic sedimentary successions. The presented results are obtained from a network of seismic profiles. An important advantage of the seismic survey is that they may support the selection of an optimal location of geothermal investment and determination of the geometry of geothermal aquifer. Furthermore, the application of geophysical methods can significantly contribute to the reduction of estimation error of groundwater reservoir temperature.
33
Quinn, Nigel W. T., e James D. Oster. "Innovations in Sustainable Groundwater and Salinity Management in California’s San Joaquin Valley". Sustainability 13, n. 12 (11 giugno 2021): 6658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126658.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) of 2014 and the Central Valley Salinity Alternatives for Long-Term Sustainability (CVSALTS) initiative were conceived to reverse years of inaction on the over-pumping of groundwater and salination of rivers that both threaten agricultural sustainability in the State of California. These largely stakeholder-led, innovative policy actions were supported by modern tools of remote sensing and Geographic Information System technology that allowed stakeholders to make adjustments to existing resource management and jurisdictional boundaries to form policy-mandated Groundwater Sustainability Agencies (GSAs) and Salinity Management Areas (SMAs) to address future management responsibilities. Additional resources mobilized by the California Department of Water Resources (CDWR) and other water resource and water quality management agencies have been effective in encouraging the use of spreadsheet accounting and numerical simulation models to develop robust and coherent quantitative understanding of the current state and likely problems that will be encountered to achieve resource sustainability. This activity has revealed flaws and inconsistencies in the conceptual models underpinning this activity. Two case studies are described that illustrate the disparity in the challenges faced by GSAs in subregions charged with developing consensus-based Groundwater Sustainability Plans (GSPs). These case studies also illustrate the unique aspect of SGMA: that alongside mandates and guidelines being imposed statewide, local leadership and advocacy can play an important role in achieving long-term SGMA and CVSALTS goals.
34
Stefanakis, Alexandros. "Constructed Wetlands for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment in Hot and Arid Climates: Opportunities, Challenges and Case Studies in the Middle East". Water 12, n. 6 (10 giugno 2020): 1665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061665.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Many countries and regions around the world are facing a continuously growing pressure on their limited freshwater resources, particularly those under hot and arid climates. Higher water demand than availability led to over-abstraction and deterioration of the available freshwater resources’ quality. In this context, wastewater, if properly treated, can represent a new water source added in the local water balance, particularly in regions of Colorado, California, Australia, China and in the wide region of the Middle East, which is characterized as one of most water-stressed regions in the world. This article summarizes the status of wastewater treatment and management in the Middle East and discusses the challenges, the various barriers and also the opportunities that arise by introducing the sustainable technology of Constructed Wetlands in the region. Furthermore, the aim of the article is to provide a better insight into the possibility and feasibility of a wider implementation of this green technology under the hot and arid climate of Middle East by presenting several successful case studies of operating Constructed Wetlands facilities in the region for the treatment of various wastewater sources.
35
Burak, Selmin, e Hakan Mat. "Municipal water demand and efficiency analysis: Case studies in Turkey". Water Policy 12, n. 5 (19 novembre 2009): 695–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.209.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The growing demand for municipal water due to population increase and urbanization impels water managers to reconsider the existing traditional supply-sided management approach. Strengthening of water demand management (WDM) policies by improving water use efficiency has been adopted as a key target in arid regions, in particular. Indeed, increasing the added value per m3 of water used is gaining importance, since it is a more environmentally-friendly strategy with regard to water resource management than expanding water infrastructure assets. Monitoring the water use efficiency index is the commonly applied method for assessing the performance of municipal water management that depends on physical (real) losses and non-physical (apparent) losses constituting non-revenue water (NRW). In this paper, the results of the study conducted in three medium-size urban settlements, namely Ordu, Çarşamba and Ceyhan, are presented. Field surveys and evaluation of the data relating to municipal customer service have been carried out. In the light of the findings covering a four-year period between 2004–2007, the origin and reasons for NRW, and the means and tools for reducing it in order to improve water use efficiency are discussed.
36
Juízo, D., e R. Lidén. "Modeling for transboundary water resources planning and allocation: the case of Southern Africa". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, n. 11 (26 novembre 2010): 2343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-2343-2010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. International water resources agreements for transboundary rivers in southern Africa are generally founded in system analysis models for water planning and allocation. The Water Resources Yield Model (WRYM) developed in South Africa has so far been the only model applied in official joint water resources studies aimed to form water-sharing agreements. The continuous discussion around the model performance and growing distress over it being South African, where it was originally developed, while South Africa is one of the interested parties in the process, results in an increased controversy over the system analysis results that are often only meant to guide in selecting the options for water resources management in a given set of scenarios. The objective of this study was therefore to assess the model performance of two other models; WAFLEX and WEAP21 in the Umbeluzi River Basin system where the WRYM was previously applied as part of a Joint River Basin Study. A set of basin development scenarios was equally tested in the three models and the results compared. The results show that the three models all are possible tools for system analysis of river basins in southern Africa, although the structure and complexity of the models are different. The obtained level of satisfaction for specific water users could, however, vary depending on which model was used, which causes uncertainties. The reason for the diverse results is the structurally different ways of describing allocation and prioritization of water in the three models. However, the large degrees of freedom in all system models cause even larger uncertainty in the results since the model developer can, intentionally or unintentionally, direct the results to favor certain water user. The conclusion of this study is therefore that the choice of model does not per se affect the decision of best water allocation and infrastructure layout of a shared river basin. The chosen allocation and prioritization principles for the specific river basin and the model developer's experience and integrity are more important factors to find the optimal and equitable allocation.
37
Mostert, Erik. "An alternative approach for socio-hydrology: case study research". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, n. 1 (15 gennaio 2018): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-317-2018.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. Currently the most popular approach in socio hydrology is to develop coupled human–water models. This article proposes an alternative approach, qualitative case study research, involving a systematic review of (1) the human activities affecting the hydrology in the case, (2) the main human actors, and (3) the main factors influencing the actors and their activities. Moreover, this article presents a case study of the Dommel Basin in Belgium and the Netherlands, and compares this with a coupled model of the Kissimmee Basin in Florida. In both basins a pendulum swing from water resources development and control to protection and restoration can be observed. The Dommel case study moreover points to the importance of institutional and financial arrangements, community values, and broader social, economic, and technical developments. These factors are missing from the Kissimmee model. Generally, case studies can result in a more complete understanding of individual cases than coupled models, and if the cases are selected carefully and compared with previous studies, it is possible to generalize on the basis of them. Case studies also offer more levers for management and facilitate interdisciplinary cooperation. Coupled models, on the other hand, can be used to generate possible explanations of past developments and quantitative scenarios for future developments. The article concludes that, given the limited attention they currently get and their potential benefits, case studies deserve more attention in socio-hydrology.
38
Bustamante, Giovanni Romero, Everett James Nelson, Daniel P. Ames, Gustavious P. Williams, Norman L. Jones, Enrico Boldrini, Igor Chernov e Jorge Luis Sanchez Lozano. "Water Data Explorer: An Open-Source Web Application and Python Library for Water Resources Data Discovery". Water 13, n. 13 (2 luglio 2021): 1850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131850.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We present the design and development of an open-source web application called Water Data Explorer (WDE), designed to retrieve water resources observation and model data from data catalogs that follow the WaterOneFlow and WaterML Service-Oriented Architecture standards. WDE is a fully customizable web application built using the Tethys Platform development environment. As it is open source, it can be deployed on the web servers of international government agencies, non-governmental organizations, research teams, and others. Water Data Explorer provides uniform access to international data catalogs, such as the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science (CUAHSI) Hydrologic Information System (HIS) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Hydrological Observing System (WHOS), as well as to local data catalogs that support the WaterOneFlow and WaterML standards. WDE supports data discovery, visualization, downloading, and basic data interpolation. It can be customized for different regions by modifying the user interface (i.e., localization), as well as by including pre-defined data catalogs and data sources. Access to WDE functionality is provided by a new open-source Python package called “Pywaterml” which provides programmable access to WDE methods to discover, visualize, download, and interpolate data. We present two case studies that access the CUAHSI HIS and WHOS catalogs and demonstrate regional customization, data discovery from WaterOneFlow web services, data visualization of time series observations, and data downloading.
39
Zhou, Luming, Xinghua Xie e Shiqiang Wu. "Use of the Life Cycle Methodology to Calculate Energy Consumption of Urban Water Cycle: A Case Study of Ordos City". Water 12, n. 9 (26 agosto 2020): 2393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092393.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Water resources and energy constitute two broad categories of resources required for social and economic development. The water-energy nexus has become a focus of research in recent years. Although water resources are closely related to energy systems, the processes involved remain incompletely understood due to the diversity and complexity of energy types, processes, and consumption sectors. This study aimed to accurately calculate the energy demand of water resources and to identify an effective method of improving the energy utilization efficiency of water. The life cycle of water resources was divided into five stages based on the life cycle methodology: (1) extraction, (2) purification, (3) transportation, (4) utilization, (5) sewage treatment. The quantity and characteristics of energy consumed in each stage were studied, and an equation to calculate energy consumption for each stage was proposed. Using the city of Ordos in Northwest China as an example, energy consumption of water resources from 2013 to 2017 was analyzed. The results showed that from 2013 to 2017, energy consumption and per unit energy consumption of water resources in Ordos decreased by 33.3% and 30.6% from 1.62 × 108 kWh to 1.08 × 108 kWh and from 10.11 kWh·m−3 to 7.02 kWh·m−3, respectively. The majority of energy consumption over the entire life cycle of water resources occurred during the utilization stage at a proportion of total energy consumed of ~95%. Use of water for thermal power generation was identified as the single largest consumer of energy and, therefore, has the greatest potential for energy saving.
40
Kuriata-Potasznik, Angela B., e Sławomir Szymczyk. "Variability of the water availability in a river lake system – A case study of Lake Symsar". Journal of Water and Land Development 31, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2016): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2016-0039.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractIt is predicted that climate change will result in the diminution of water resources available both on global and regional scales. Local climate change is harder to observe and therefore, while counteracting its effects, it seems advisable to undertake studies on pertinent regional and local conditions. In this research, our aim was to assess the impact of a river and its catchment on fluctuations in the water availability in a natural lake which belongs to a post-glacial river and lake system. River and lake systems behave most often like a single interacting hydrological unit, and the intensity of water exchange in these systems is quite high, which may cause temporary water losses. This study showed that water in the analyzed river and lake system was exchanged approx. every 66 days, which resulted from the total (horizontal and vertical) water exchange. Also, the management of a catchment area seems to play a crucial role in the local water availability, as demonstrated by this research, where water retention was favoured by wooded and marshy areas. More intensive water retention was observed in a catchment dominated by forests, pastures and wetlands. Wasteland and large differences in the land elevation in the tested catchment are unfavourable to water retention because they intensify soil evaporation and accelerate the water run-off outside of the catchment. Among the actions which should be undertaken in order to counteract water deficiencies in catchment areas, rational use and management of the land resources in the catchment are most often mentioned.
41
Michel, Jacqueline, Frank Csulak, Deborah French e Molly Sperduto. "NATURAL RESOURCE IMPACTS FROM THE NORTH CAPE OIL SPILL". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, n. 1 (1 aprile 1997): 841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-841.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT The North Cape spill of 828,000 gallons of home heating oil was unique in that the natural resources most affected by the spill were water column and benthic resources. There was a fishery closure, extensive mortality of offshore benthic organisms (e.g., lobsters, surf clams, crabs), oil contamination of the water and sediments of the coastal salt ponds, and exposure offish in the salt ponds. Studies initiated during the preassessment phase of the natural resource damage assessment included assessment of: direct mortality and reduced reproduction of lobster, winter flounder, and piping plovers; sublethal impacts on juvenile fish growth rates and survival; sediment toxicity; prey base impacts in the ponds; and extent and weathering of oil in the water column and sediments. Four technical working groups were formed to assist injury quantification and identification of restoration alternatives: salt pond communities; marine communities; birds; and economics. Each group was responsible for coordinating all aspects of damage assessment for the identified resource; ensuring that the damage assessment for the identified resource is complete and defensible; and assisting in the development and scaling of restoration options for the injured resource. This paper presents an overview of the natural resource impacts for each of the major habitats and/or resources affected by the spill.
42
Cervera Gómez, Luis Ernesto, e Rodolfo Rubio Salas. "Basic criteria for a sustainable water management at the U.S.-México border: the case of ambos Nogales". Estudios Fronterizos 4, n. 7 (1 gennaio 2003): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21670/ref.2003.07.a02.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article aims to analyze some basic criteria for a sustainable use of water in an international watershed shared by Mexico and the United States. The study area comprises the region of Ambos Nogales, which is located inside the Upper Santa Cruz River Basin. This portion of the watershed represents the main ecosystem and the main source of water for urban and rural populations located in this region. Following criteria of sustainability the authors revise and adapt to the case of Ambos Nogales, a set of guidelines proposed by the Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security. These guidelines include the following elements: basic water requirements needed to maintain quality of life in the population and the health of ecosystems; water quality that meets certain minimum standards; human actions and their impact on long-term renewability of freshwater stocks and flows; collection of data concerning water resources, use and quality of water; institutional mechanisms to prevent and resolve conflicts; and a democratic process of water-planning and decision-making. These twin cities have a long history of cooperation and conflict linked to water resources, which makes available enough information to create a diagnostic about the water management inside a binational arena, and allowing to explore possibilities for a better water resources management under a sustainable regime and from an international perspective. Keywords: Sustainability, binational water management, ambos Nogales region.
43
Mbavarira, Tanaka Mandy, e Christine Grimm. "A Systemic View on Circular Economy in the Water Industry: Learnings from a Belgian and Dutch Case". Sustainability 13, n. 6 (17 marzo 2021): 3313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063313.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Water is fundamental to our existence and has increasingly been put under pressure by soaring population growth, urbanization, agricultural farming and climate change; all, of which impact the quantity and quality of our water resources. Water utilities (WUs) are challenged to provide clean, safe drinking water when faced with aging, costly infrastructure, a price of water that is not reflective of its true value and the need for infrastructure to remain resilient in a time when threats of floods and droughts are pervasive. In the linear take-use-discharge approach, wastewater is treated only to be returned to waterways and extracted again for treatment before drinking. This can no longer sustain our water resources as it is costly, energy-intensive and environmentally unsound. Circular economy (CE) has been gaining attention in the water industry to tackle this. It follows the 6Rs strategy of reduce, reuse, recycle, reclaim, recover and restore to keep water in circulation for longer and reduce the burden on natural systems. The aim of this study is to determine what the economic and operational system effects of CE are on WUs, informing them of CE’s potential to change their business operations and business model while highlighting its associated challenges. Based on a review of literature, input from expert interviews (Q4 2019) and case studies, an economic view of the urban water system is qualitatively modeled, on top, of which a circular water economy system is designed using a causal loop-diagramming system mapping tool. Digitalization, water reuse and resource recovery were determined to underpin circularity in water, providing operational benefits through efficiencies and diversification of revenue streams. However, issues of investment and a missing enabling legal framework are slowing the rate of uptake. On this basis, CE represents both a challenge and an opportunity for the water industry.
44
Tostes, Marta, Mirian Espejo, Enrique Macedo e Fidel Torres. "Water Resources Management in Vulnerable Ecosystems: Quiroz River Basin, Piura". European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n4p33.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
According to the IPCC (2014), access to water resources is increasingly limited due to the effects of climate change; in consequence, vulnerability of ecosystems and their inhabitants increases. Thus, it is necessary to develop socio-organizational capacities to mitigate and adapt to this scenario, where retribution mechanisms for ecosystem services (MRSE for its Spanish acronym) become more relevant. The research attempts to analyze the coordination among agents involved in sustainable water resources management, to face climate change vulnerability in high biodiversity areas. For this purpose, the implementation of the Quiroz-Chira water fund will be studied as a case that generates institutionalism for sustainability of this mechanism and that represents an important social innovation that can be replicated. The methodology has a descriptive scope and applies qualitative techniques that complement secondary sources systematized with WebQDA software. Results indicate high vulnerability of the analyzed basin districts and a correct governance in this innovation, both with a sustainable development approach oriented to conservation of water potential. This implies good articulation for implementation of the MRSE and promotion of interests’ unification between contributors and water resources retributive entities.
Keywords: Climate change, Sustainable development, Watershed, Governance, Ecosystem services
45
Jamali, Farimah Sadat, Shahriar Khaledi e Mohammad Taghi Razavian. "Priority Areas for Developing Green Infrastructure in Semi-arid Cities: A Case Study of Tehran". Environment and Urbanization ASIA 12, n. 1 (marzo 2021): 118–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425321990326.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Urban green infrastructure (GI) approach supports building resilience, mitigating greenhouse gases emissions and adapting to the impacts of climate change. However, the development and maintenance of GI in semi-arid cities can be hindered by limitations such as available water resources. In this article, we study priority areas for GI development schemes at the neighbourhood scale through a seasonal vulnerability framework with the case study of two urban districts in the semi-arid city of Tehran, Iran. Heat mitigation and stormwater runoff control are considered as the main objectives of GI development. The results show that priority areas have high levels of land surface temperature, impervious surfaces and population density, with a low proportion of vegetation land cover. The necessary GI services vary in different local climate zones (LCZ) during the year. Although heat mitigation is required in both compact and open LCZs, the runoff control service of GI is also needed for neighbourhoods with compact midrise settings. To promote sustainability at the neighbourhood scale, the findings of the study can be used for initiating nature-based solutions and GI development projects.
46
Sharma, Ghanashyam, Chhayavani Namchu, Kalsang Nyima, Mahindra Luitel, Sreoshi Singh e Chanda Gurung Goodrich. "Water management systems of two towns in the Eastern Himalaya: case studies of Singtam in Sikkim and Kalimpong in West Bengal states of India". Water Policy 22, S1 (9 maggio 2019): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.229.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This study examines the water supply systems, their sociopolitical dynamics, and the future of water management in two Indian towns in the Eastern Himalaya, Kalimpong in West Bengal and Singtam in Sikkim. The research was centred around issues of demand and supply, water scarcity and stress, equity, water governance, and the sustainable conservation and management of water resources in a climate change context. Methodologically based on surveys, focus group discussions, and key informants' interviews, this study finds that spring sources are drying alarmingly in Singtam, even as demand is increasing dramatically due to a floating population that is more than the number of local inhabitants. The town suffers from the lack of an adequate reservoir facility and the frequent damage of water supply pipes during the monsoon. Kalimpong faces acute water shortages all year round. The political tug of war between the state government agencies and the local government around the management and supply of water, declining water discharge in spring sources, the lack of water infrastructure for repair, maintenance, and supply, and the glaring inequity between the higher, middle, and lower income groups are the immediate issues around water in Kalimpong. The spring sources that supply drinking water to Kalimpong and Singtam need immediate conservation measures to arrest the declining state of discharge. Micro-planning at the local level, reviving drying springs, and the adoption of appropriate soil and water conservation practices on a watershed basis are all important ways forward. The development of water security plans and their strict enforcement through multi-institutional collaboration can contribute to improved water governance and socioecological restoration for sustainable water resources management.
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Kooi, H., e J. Groen. "Geological processes and the management of groundwater resources in coastal areas". Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 82, n. 1 (aprile 2003): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600022770.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractIn this contribution, a case is made for the significance of sedimentation and sea-level change for groundwater management of coastal areas. In groundwater practice these geological processes are rarely considered. The role of sediment loading in causing anomalous fluid pressures and flow fields in relatively shallow aquifer systems is discussed and illustrated via both case studies and generic modelling studies. The role of sea-level changes in controlling current salinity distributions is discussed likewise. Central in the discussion is the concept of memory of groundwater systems, which provides the basic reason why processes that were operative in the geological past are still of relevance today. It is argued and shown that awareness and knowledge of the influence of sediment loading and sea level change on current hydrological conditions can lead to improved characterization of the distribution of hydraulic parameters and of the distribution of water quality in coastal areas. This improved characterization, in turn, serves to enhance the validity of impact assessment studies for the long-term development and management of those areas.
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Nathan, Daniel, e Itay Fischhendler. "Triggers for securitization: a discursive examination of Israeli–Palestinian water negotiations". Water Policy 18, n. 1 (24 giugno 2015): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.027.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Discursive studies on natural resources often fail to examine how the language of existential threats is constructed, while the probable contextual factors for triggering securitization and its implications are also left unexamined. Applied to the Israeli–Palestinian water conflict, this study utilizes negotiation protocols from the Annapolis peace process to quantitatively examine how securitized discourses are triggered and constructed. The study determines that asymmetric actor ratio and negative background events trigger securitizing moves that in this case perpetuate enmity and division. Securitization under conflict scenarios is found to be mostly detrimental to the resolution of water issues as the resource becomes secondary to other high-profile concerns. A more favorable securitized discourse is identified, but this discourse is infrequent and characteristically aligned with the literature that espouses desecuritization.
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Ali, Tariq, Abdul M. Nadeem, Muhammad F. Riaz e Wei Xie. "Sustainable Water Use for International Agricultural Trade: The Case of Pakistan". Water 11, n. 11 (28 ottobre 2019): 2259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112259.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Sustainable use of resources is critical, not only for people but for the whole planet. This is especially so for freshwater, which in many ways determines the food security and long-term development of nations. Here, we use virtual water trade to analyze the sustainability of water used by Pakistan in the international trade of 15 major agricultural commodities between 1990 and 2016 and in 2030. Most of the existing country-level studies on virtual water trade focused on net virtual water importers, which are usually water-scarce countries as well. This is the first study to concentrate on a water-stressed net virtual water-exporting country. Our results show that Pakistan has been trading large and ever-increasing volumes of virtual water through agricultural commodities. Despite the overall small net export of total virtual water per year, Pakistan has been a net-exporter of large quantities of blue (fresh) virtual water through its trade, even by fetching a lower value for each unit of blue water exported. Given Pakistan’s looming water scarcity, exporting large volumes of blue virtual water may constrain the country’s food security and long-term economic development. Improving water use efficiency for the current export commodities, for example, rice and exploring less water-intensive commodities, for example, fruits and vegetables, for export purposes can help Pakistan achieve sustainable water use in the future.
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Özerol, Gül, e Jens Newig. "Evaluating the success of public participation in water resources management: five key constituents". Water Policy 10, n. 6 (1 dicembre 2008): 639–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2008.001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Public participation (PP) is increasingly expected to enhance the effectiveness of water resources management. This is recognized in recent legislation such as the European Union Water Framework Directive. We identify five key constituents that affect the success of PP processes and which can be used as indicators thereof. These comprise: 1) the scope of the participants; 2) communication with the public; 3) capacity building; 4) timing; and 5) financing of participation. They are based on the management of resources—namely time, human and financial resources—and on further aspects that emerge from the utilization of these resources throughout the PP process. Drawing on existing case studies from the European Union and Canada, we demonstrate the applicability of our evaluative scheme. We find severe deficits in the PP cases that can all be attributed to the five key constituents. Although not representative, our analysis points to important challenges for water policy, particularly in the European multi-level context.