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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Water quality Australia"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 19 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Water quality Australia"

Thurman, R., B. Faulkner, D. Veal, G. Cramer e M. Meiklejohn. "Water quality in rural Australia". Journal of Applied Microbiology 84, n. 4 (maggio 1998): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1998.00390.x.

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Tibby, J., J. Richards, J. J. Tyler, C. Barr, J. Fluin e P. Goonan. "Diatom–water quality thresholds in South Australian streams indicate a need for more stringent water quality guidelines". Marine and Freshwater Research 71, n. 8 (2020): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19065.

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Water quality guidelines are an important tool that guide stream protection. In South Australia, as in other Australian states, guidelines have been set using statistical properties of physical and chemical stressors in reference streams. Given that water quality guidelines are designed to protect ecosystems, biologically based guidelines are more desirable. In this context, we investigated diatom–water quality relationships in South Australian streams. Our analysis focused on electrical conductivity (EC) and total phosphorus (TP), which explained significant variance in diatom assemblages. Threshold indicator taxa analysis was conducted to determine thresholds of diatom community change along EC and TP gradients. There were significant declines in the relative abundance of sensitive species at an EC of ~280μScm–1 and a TP concentration of 30μgL–1. The TP threshold is considerably lower than the trigger value in South Australia’s guidelines (100μgTPL–1). The change in species composition in relation to EC is considerably lower than the upper limit of the water quality guidelines (which range from 100 to 5000μScm–1). Hence, particularly in the case of TP, but also for EC, the current water quality guideline trigger values are too high in South Australia, and indeed in other temperate Australian states.

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Nadebaum, P., M. Chapman, S. Ortisi e A. Baker. "Application of quality management systems for drinking water quality". Water Supply 3, n. 1-2 (1 marzo 2003): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0125.

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Over the past few years the water authorities in Australia have been applying the principles of quality management and risk management in their provision of drinking water of a safe and acceptable quality. These principles have been taken up by the regulatory authorities, and the Australian water industry is ensuring that drinking water guidelines, customer contracts, licences and auditing (both statutory and quality systems auditing), and appropriate quality management systems, are in place for drinking water quality management. A particular focus of this work has been the application of AS/NZS 4360 (Risk Management) and the principles of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points developed for the food industry. This paper discusses the important considerations in applying quality management systems to drinking water quality management within water authorities, and the key issues of how best to integrate these risk management systems with the business management systems of the water authority. A generally applicable model for drinking water quality management systems based on ISO 9002 and HACCP is described. The paper also discusses the process of how management systems already in place within a water authority can be assessed and improvements identified. The objective is that the management systems will be consistent with the authority’s existing business management systems, ISO 9001, the principles of HACCP and AS4360, and the expected requirements of the revised Australian Drinking Water Guidelines.

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Rizak, S., D. Cunliffe, M. Sinclair, R. Vulcano, J. Howard, S. Hrudey e P. Callan. "Drinking water quality management: a holistic approach". Water Science and Technology 47, n. 9 (1 maggio 2003): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0485.

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A growing list of water contaminants has led to some water suppliers relying primarily on compliance monitoring as a mechanism for managing drinking water quality. While such monitoring is a necessary part of drinking water quality management, experiences with waterborne disease threats and outbreaks have shown that compliance monitoring for numerical limits is not, in itself, sufficient to guarantee the safety and quality of drinking water supplies. To address these issues, the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) has developed a Framework for Management of Drinking Water Quality (the Framework) for incorporation in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines, the primary reference on drinking water quality in Australia. The Framework was developed specifically for drinking water supplies and provides a comprehensive and preventive risk management approach from catchment to consumer. It includes holistic guidance on a range of issues considered good practice for system management. The Framework addresses four key areas:•Commitment to Drinking Water Quality Management,•System Analysis and System Management,•Supporting Requirements, and•Review. The Framework represents a significantly enhanced approach to the management and regulation of drinking water quality and offers a flexible and proactive means of optimising drinking water quality and protecting public health. Rather than the primary reliance on compliance monitoring, the Framework emphasises prevention, the importance of risk assessment, maintaining the integrity of water supply systems and application of multiple barriers to assure protection of public health. Development of the Framework was undertaken in collaboration with the water industry, regulators and other stakeholders, and will promote a common and unified approach to drinking water quality management throughout Australia. The Framework has attracted international interest.

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McKay, Jennifer. "Water institutional reforms in Australia". Water Policy 7, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2005): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2005.0003.

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With a brief description of the physical setting and institutional history of the Australian water sector, this paper reviews the water institutional reforms in Australia focusing especially on the nature and extent of reforms initiated since 1995 and provides a few case studies to highlight the issues and challenges in effecting changes in some key reform components. The reforms initiated in 1995 are notable for their comprehensiveness, fiscal incentives and clear and time-bound targets to be achieved. Although water institutions in Australia have undergone remarkable changes, thanks to the reforms, there are still issues and challenges inherent in reforming maturing water institutions. Regional diversity in legal systems and quality standards as well as conflicts between private interest and public welfare are still serious to constraining market-based water allocation and management. While Australia still needs further reforms, its recent reform experience provides considerable insights into the understanding of both the theory and the practice of water institutional reforms.

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Bycroft, Brian. "BETTER PRACTICE CATCHMENT WATER QUALITY PLANNING FOR AUSTRALIA". Water e-Journal 2, n. 3 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21139/wej.2017.027.

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McKay, Jennifer, e Anthony Moeller. "Statutory Regulation of Water Quality in Modern Australia". Water International 25, n. 4 (dicembre 2000): 595–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060008686875.

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Smith, Phil, Grahame Collier e Hazel Storey. "As Aussie as Vegemite: Building the Capacity of Sustainability Educators in Australia". Australian Journal of Environmental Education 27, n. 1 (2011): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600000161.

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AbstractVegemite, a thick, rich and salty product made from yeast extract, is a paste commonly spread on bread or toast in Australian households. This iconic product mirrors some of the unique aspects of this country. For example, Vegemite thinly spread is best. The population of this country is sparse across the wide lands, and the Australian environment with its thin soils, water shortages and intense climates, might also be described as spread thin. These aspects of context present challenges because Australia needs quality sustainability educators thick on the ground to deal with the many and diverse environmental issues.This paper describes the development of the Australian National Professional Development Initiative for Sustainability Educators (NPDISE) and how it was infuenced by the Australian context. Multiple challenges existed: the size of the country, its environmental conditions and rich biodiversity, distance and space between major centres, distribution of people and resources, understanding of and support for education, and three tiers of government – each with its own policies, programs and priorities. On top of this, the practice of sustainability education crosses multiple professional sectors and disciplines. All these challenges had to be taken into account.Research conducted by the Waste Management Association Australia in 2009 revealed that the needs of Australia's sustainability educators in overcoming many of these challenges were broadly consistent around Australia. This gave encouragement to the establishment of a national professional development approach for those working in the environmental education feld. This paper shows how four professional associations – Australian Association for Environmental Education, Waste Management Association Australia, Australian Water Association, and the Marine Education Society of Australasia – worked together for the frst time and approached these challenges whilst developing the NPDISE. A 1954 jingle said Vegemite would help children “grow stronger every single week”. The NPDISE represents a similar ethos with an emphasis on building the sector.

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Crockett, J. A., K. J. Hartley e W. D. Williams. "Setting and Achieving Water Quality Criteria for Recreation". Water Science and Technology 21, n. 2 (1 febbraio 1989): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0030.

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Water-based recreation is popular in Australia. On the coast many canal estates and marinas are being constructed. Australia's arid and variable climate introduces unusual problems in the establishment of inland recreational lakes. In setting water quality criteria what is achievable must be balanced with what is desirable and criteria may need to be varied between flood and dry periods. Greater emphasis should be placed on understanding, monitoring and managing the ecology of water-bodies. If a stable ecology is maintained, it will generally follow that water quality and conditions surrounding the water-body will be acceptable for human use. In developing new lakes and canals we must carry out some mathematical modelling in order to provide a rational basis for determining water quality criteria and the necessary management actions.

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Miller, R., B. Whitehill e D. Deere. "A national approach to risk assessment for drinking water catchments in Australia". Water Supply 5, n. 2 (1 settembre 2005): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0029.

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This paper comments on the strengths and weaknesses of different methodologies for risk assessment, appropriate for utilisation by Australian Water Utilities in risk assessment for drinking water source protection areas. It is intended that a suggested methodology be recommended as a national approach to catchment risk assessment. Catchment risk management is a process for setting priorities for protecting drinking water quality in source water areas. It is structured through a series of steps for identifying water quality hazards, assessing the threat posed, and prioritizing actions to address the threat. Water management organisations around Australia are at various stages of developing programs for catchment risk management. While much conceptual work has been done on the individual components of catchment risk management, work on these components has not previously been combined to form a management tool for source water protection. A key driver for this project has been the requirements of the National Health and Medical Research Council Framework for the Management of Drinking Water Quality (DWQMF) included in the draft 2002 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG). The Framework outlines a quality management system of steps for the Australian water industry to follow with checks and balances to ensure water quality is protected from catchment to tap. Key steps in the Framework that relate to this project are as follows: Element 2 Assessment of the Drinking Water Supply System• Water Supply System analysis• Review of Water Quality Data• Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Element 3 Preventive Measures for Drinking Water Quality Management• Preventive Measures and Multiple Barriers• Critical Control Points This paper provides an evaluation of the following risk assessment techniques: Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP); World Health Organisation Water Safety Plans; Australian Standard AS 4360; and The Australian Drinking Water Guidelines – Drinking Water Quality Management Framework. These methods were selected for assessment in this report as they provided coverage of the different approaches being used across Australia by water utilities of varying: scale of water management organisation; types of water supply system management; and land use and activity-based risks in the catchment area of the source. Initially, different risk assessment methodologies were identified and reviewed. Then examples of applications of those methods were assessed, based on several key water utilities across Australia and overseas. Strengths and weaknesses of each approach were identified. In general there seems some general grouping of types of approaches into those that: cover the full catchment-to-tap drinking water system; cover just the catchment area of the source and do not recognise downstream barriers or processes; use water quality data or land use risks as a key driving component; and are based primarily on the hazard whilst others are based on a hazardous event. It is considered that an initial process of screening water quality data is very valuable in determining key water quality issues and guiding the risk assessment, and to the overall understanding of the catchment and water source area, allowing consistency with the intentions behind the ADWG DWQM Framework. As such, it is suggested that the recommended national risk assessment approach has two key introductory steps: initial screening of key issues via water quality data, and land use or activity scenario and event-based HACCP-style risk assessment. In addition, the importance of recognising the roles that uncertainty and bias plays in risk assessments was highlighted. As such it was deemed necessary to develop and integrate uncertainty guidelines for information used in the risk assessment process. A hybrid risk assessment methodology was developed, based on the HACCP approach, but with some key additions and modifications to make it applicable to varying catchment risks, water supply operation needs and environmental management processes.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Water quality Australia"

Oswald, Louisa Jane, e n/a. "Usefulness of Macroinvertebrates for In Situ Testing of Water Quality". University of Canberra. Institute for Applied Ecology, 2008. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20090107.130047.

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For various reasons, existing methods for the assessment of aquatic pollution do not always adequately address the way in which contaminants affect receiving environments and their component ecosystems. The main advantage of biological assessment over the measurements of physical and chemical aspects of water quality is that biota provide an integrated response to all prevailing influences in their environment. Biological assessment protocols have been developed for a range of test organisms, from bacteria to mammals using measurement from molecular biomarkers to indicators at the population or community level of organisation. Macroinvertebrates in particular have been popular for ecological assessment of habitat and water quality because they are small and straight forward to sample and identify using relatively simple and inexpensive equipment and readily available taxonomic keys. However, various biological assessment techniques also have their limitations. Field-based assessment of biological communities does not provide direct evidence to determine underlying causal relationships, while laboratory or mesocosm toxicity tests are criticised for their limited ability to extrapolate to natural field conditions. To help bridge the gap, this thesis aims to investigate the efficacy of using caged macroinvertebrates in situ to assess the ecological condition of aquatic environments, and whether a causal relationship can be established when macroinvertebrates are deployed in situ at sites known to have impaired water quality. Endpoints employed in this thesis include survival, measurements of morphology (as a surrogate for growth) and condition and, for trials assessing sites that receive mine drainage, the tissue concentration of certain trace metals. Development of an in situ approach to water quality monitoring and assessment will potentially provide methods for use by resource managers, community groups and aquatic researchers that are less expensive and faster to run than existing methods and will complement other approaches employed in the assessment of water quality. In situ testing of water quality using macroinvertebrates requires the collection, handling, caging, deployment and retrieval of test organisms at sites of suspected pollutant impact. As such procedural factors may affect test organisms and potentially confound their responses, it is important to consider and understand as many of these factors as possible. Aquatic macroinvertebrates held in finer mesh cages had larger heads than in coarser mesh cages. This was likely due to increased substrate available for growth of epilithon and periphyton on which the caged organisms could graze. Caging density had no effect on amphipod mortality over the trial period, however, individuals held at higher densities increased in size (as indicated by longer dorsal lengths) more than those held at lower or intermediate densities. Temporary storage of test organisms in laboratory aquaria may facilitate the collection of abundances required for in situ trials, however, tanked individuals were smaller and had lower biomasses than individuals collected and deployed immediately. While this is likely to result from differences in feeding during the storage period, it is also possible that tank storage and the ?double handling? deleteriously affected them, or reduced their tolerance. The effects of transplanting macroinvertebrates between sites varied considerably depending on the characteristics of "source" and "transplant" sites. Certain taxa suffered marked mortality within 24 hours even at their source site, indicating an adverse effect of the caging itself, or perhaps via the change in food, shelter or microclimate which could potentially render them unsuitable as test organisms in caging studies. Other taxa did not differ in survival or body size when relocated between sites, with some evidence of increased growth at sites dissimilar from their source site. In general, organisms relocated to sites that are "similar" to their source environment performed less well at the transplant site. However, organisms transplanted to "dissimilar" sites were found to be bigger than those caged and deployed back to the source site. When employed to assess known pollution scenarios in and around Canberra, macroinvertebrate responses were, in some instances, able to be linked to specific environmental parameters or combinations thereof. In Case Study 1, findings varied in relation to the response endpoint being examined, and between test species, although concentrations of metals were significantly higher in tissue of macroinvertebrates deployed at the impact site downstream of the abandoned Captains Flat mine and increased with time exposed. In Case Study 2, freshwater shrimp suffered significant mortality within 24 hours of deployment at the impact sites, with larger individuals more susceptible at sites receiving urban stormwater runoff. While various biological effects were most closely correlated with ammonia concentrations at the site, different body size endpoints were affected in opposite ways. In Case Study 3, body size endpoints for one test organism varied consistently with respect to site and time factors, but none of the changes could be linked to any of the environmental data collected. Response variables for a different test species also indicated significant effects arising from both deployment site and time, however, each endpoint responded in a different way to the treatment factors, and aligned with different combinations of environmental data. In general, linking of macroinvertebrate responses with environmental data was difficult because of the high variability in the environmental data. However, it was further complicated by the mismatch in the level of replication between the two datasets. As a consequence of this, the macroinvertebrate data had to be collapsed to a lower level for comparison with the environmental data, resulting in a loss of natural variability and analytical power. Since only the strongest treatment effects, which could be detected above the background "noise", were detected and modelled against the environmental data, it is possible that other "cause" and "effect" relationships may have been overlooked. From these results, it is clear that many macroinvertebrate taxa are suitable for use as bioindicators in in situ trials, but that criteria used for selection of test species should definitely include more than just impact-sensitivity and abundance. However, there are several aspects associated with the experimental set up of field-based protocols involving caged macroinvertebrates that may limit their usefulness as a rapid and reliable bioassessment tool, and need to be considered when designing and undertaking these kinds of trials. It is also apparent that choice of endpoint can greatly influence conclusions, with detection of treatment effects reported in this thesis varying greatly depending on which morphological endpoint was examined. This study clearly demonstrated that there may be significant difficulties in establishing causal relationships between environmental data and biotic responses of macroinvertebrates deployed under field conditions. However, it has also shown that deployment of caged macroinvertebrates in situ may assist in the determination of biological effects arising from impaired water quality, which can then serve as the basis for more focussed laboratory or mesocosm studies in which environmental conditions can be more readily controlled or monitored.

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Mugford, John S. "Towards an equitable land-use policy in the Mount Bold catchment of South Australia /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envm951.pdf.

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Turner, Gregory Thomas, e mikewood@deakin edu au. "The need for effective community participation in catchment planning in Australia". Deakin University. School of Ecology and Environment, 2005. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051110.122555.

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Esfandiari, Baiat Mansour, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, of Science Technology and Agriculture Faculty e School of Agriculture and Rural Development. "Evaluation of furrow irrigation models for south-east Australia". THESIS_FSTA_ARD_EsfandiariBaiat_M.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/739.

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The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of selected furrow irrigation models for field conditions in south-east Australia. The other important aspects which were examined during this study include: developing a methodology for estimating of infiltrating characteristics, assessing the applicability of the Manning and other similar equations for flows in furrow irrigation, investigating the variation of shape factor during irrigation developing methodology for estimation of recession time and exploring the sensitivity of the models to the input parameters. Field experiments were conducted at Walla Park in northern N.S.W. and on two selected paddocks at the University Farm, Richmond, in western Sydney,Australia, over a period of three years. The validity of the assumption that the shape factor of advancing water front during furrow irrigation varies between 0.7 and 0.8 was investigated using field data collected from irrigation events monitored in the study. It was found that the average values of the shape factor varied from 0.96 to 1.80 at Walla Park site, from 0.56 to 0.80 at Field Services unit paddock site and from 0.78 to 0.84 at Horticulture Farm paddock site. The value of shape factor was affected by uniformity of furrow cross section along the length, the value and uniformity of furrow slope, furrow length and infiltration characteristics of soil. This means it is difficult to recommend a typical value for the shape factor for a given field situation.The performance of the models for prediction of advance and recession characteristics and runoff were evaluated using different indices of performance. In general, it was found that the Walker-HD and ZI model was the most satisfactory for the field conditions encountered in this study. This finding can provide a basis for initiating work on developing design criteria and management strategies for furrow irrigation in south-east Australia.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Spooner, Daniel Ron, e n/a. "Nutrient, organic carbon and suspended solid loadings in two ICOLLs, NSW Australia : biogeochemical responses". University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070129.130745.

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Intermittently Closed and Open Lake Lagoons (ICOLLs) are very common along the southern NSW coastline. Expanding urban populations are expanding and these systems are under increasing pressure from anthropogenic activities that change landscape processes and significantly alter the amounts of organic and inorganic constituents entering their waters. Once efficient cycling of nutrients in ICOLLs is overcome, the symptoms of eutrophication establish and the entire ecosystem suffers. These systems have great ecological, social, and economic values that require insightful, well balanced, and educated management to promote sustainable use of these often-sensitive areas. Corunna and Nangudga Lake are ICOLLs in the Eurobodalla Shire on the south coast of NSW. These two ICOLLs receive discharges from catchments covered by native vegetation and grassland. The primary objective of this research component was to quantify catchment exports of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), suspended solids (SS), particulate organic matter (POM) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from three small coastal sub catchments that deliver constituents into Corunna and Nangudga Lakes. As part of this investigation the fates of catchment loads in the ICOLLs were established focusing on the lakes water column response to catchment loads and the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments.

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Gregory, Stacey J. "The classification of inland salt lakes in Western Australia". Curtin University of Technology, School of Environmental Biology, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18037.

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Inland salt lakes in Western Australia have been used by the mining industry for the disposal of excess water generated during the mining process. However, the impact of these operations on the salt lakes is poorly understood. This is mainly due to the lack of information on the biota and chemistry for the lakes. The main aim of this project was to develop a classification system for inland salt lakes of Western Australia based on abiotic and biotic factors such as sediment and water quality, invertebrates and algae to determine lakes with unique or significant features. Water and sediments collected from the salt lakes were generally characterised by an alkaline pH, high salinity and the majority of lakes being dominated by sodium and chloride. Concentrations of some metals were also high, particularly in surface water. A high degree of variation in water and sediment quality was demonstrated both within and between the study lakes. In addition, these parameters were shown to be influenced by geography, geology, stage of the hydrocycle within which the lake was sampled and the occurrence of dewatering discharge. Biota in the salt lakes must be able to cope in a harsh environment, adjusting to temporary water regime, high temperature, and high salinity. As such, the species richness of these systems is generally low. Diatoms (a group of algae) and invertebrates were investigated among the biota. A total of 56 diatom species were recorded from 24 lakes. The most common species were Amphora coffeaeformis, Hantzschia aff. baltica and Navicula aff. incertata. These species were shown to have broad tolerances to environmental variations. Sediment chemistry explained variations in diatom community structure, with zinc, moisture content and cobalt having the greatest and negative influence.
In terms of invertebrates, a total of 101 invertebrate taxa were recorded from 13 lakes in this study. Crustacea dominated and the greatest number of taxa was from the genus Parartemia. There were some differences in invertebrate community structure between lakes, most likely reflecting the high degree of speciation, and poor dispersal mechanisms of certain key species. Community structure was influenced by water quality, with phosphorus, bicarbonate and magnesium contributing to the variations in community structure. Among the 43 lakes chosen for this study a total of 17 lakes had received, or are currently receiving dewatering discharge. Sites receiving dewatering discharge generally reported higher concentrations of salts, nutrients and some metals in both water and sediments compared to natural lakes. Species richness of biota such as diatoms and invertebrates was lower at the lakes receiving dewatering discharge. However, the impact was generally localized within the pooled area of dewatering discharge. Also, despite these impacts, there appears to be signs of amelioration by flushing events. Currently there are no guidelines for water and sediment chemistry for inland salt lakes in Western Australia. Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) guidelines are the most relevant available. Concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc in surface water of the natural inland salt lakes were shown to exceed ANZECC guideline values.
Comparison with the relevant ANZECC sediment guidelines showed that they were applicable to the salt lakes, with the exception of nickel and chromium which were naturally high in the salt lake sediments. Classification of data using multivariate analysis was done for both dry and wet phases of the hydroperiod. Six groups were delineated for the sediment and diatom data, and four groups were defined for the water quality and invertebrate data. It was common for sites from particular lakes to fall in more than one group as a result of the variability in these systems. There are a number of practical applications of this system for the mining industry and it may be used as a predictive tool for determining the impact of dewatering discharge and highlighting unique salt lakes within the Goldfields of Western Australia.

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Murphy, Sarah Elizabeth. "An investigation into the treatment efficiency of a primary pond in the Barker Inlet Stormwater Wetland System, South Australia /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENS/09ensm978.pdf.

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Thesis (M.Eng.Sc.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2000?
Corrigenda pasted onto front end-paper. The CD contains Excel spreadsheets containing data collected. Bibliography: leaves 209-222.

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Kobryń, Halina T. "Land use changes and the properties of stormwater entering a wetland on a sandy coastal plain in Western Australia /". Access via Murdoch University Digital Thesis Project, 2001. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040519.165016.

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Reed, Deborah A. "Spatial and temporal biogeochemical changes of groundwater associated with managed aquifer recharge in two different geographical areas". University of Western Australia. School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0074.

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[Truncated abstract] Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is a technique that can be used to capture and store water in aquifers for later reuse. This method recycles water that would normally be lost or discarded to the environment. MAR has been observed to have the potential for improving the quality of recharged water through a combination of physical, chemical and biological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in groundwater microbial population structure during MAR and the major influences that drive these population changes. Biogeochemical MAR studies have the potential to assist in the improved prediction of the removal of contaminants such as nutrients, pathogens and trace organics from the recharged water. Biological clogging during recharge also has the potential to overwhelm an aquifers ability to process wastewater thus reducing the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. Therefore further research into the spatial and temporal biogeochemical processes that occur during MAR is required. The geochemical and microbial population dynamics of two contrasting MAR techniques were investigated at two different geographical locations (Perth, Western Australia and Adelaide, South Australia). These MAR sites contained aquifers of dissimilar properties that were recharged with wastewater that contrasted in water quality. The Perth MAR site received secondary treated effluent which continuously infiltrated the unsaturated zone into an unconfined aquifer aided by infiltration galleries. Reclaimed water was extracted from a well at distance from the infiltration gallery. ... Notably the background and recovered water was most dissimilar in microbial and chemical population structure to that described for the infiltration gallery and injection well. Microbial and chemical evidence suggested that the background and extraction well groundwater were unaffected by plume migration. These results suggested that extraction well groundwater was similar in quality to that of ambient groundwater. Significant geochemical and microbial changes of secondary treated effluent during infiltration and lateral movement through aquifer were implicated in addition to the forced hydraulic gradient created from extracting fives time the volume of infiltrating wastewater. This study demonstrated that microbial populations and the geochemical processes associated with MAR can be studied and compared. Multivariate statistical methodology greatly simplified a vast array of dynamic biogeochemical information that could be dissected for meaningful interpretation over distance and time. The study evaluated the major biogeochemical influences which resulted in microbial and geochemical changes where it was noted that microbial populations were more dynamic than geochemical variation over time. Additionally biogeochemical comparative analysis indicated that microbial populations could change in population structure before a shift in aquifer geochemistry was detected. It is anticipated that the results from this study will benefit further research into the biogeochemical processes involved in water quality changes (e.g. nutrient removal, pathogen decay and biodegradation of trace organics) as well as controlling biological clogging of MAR schemes.

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Pratt, Catherine, e n/a. "Investigations into Faecal Sterols and E.Coli as Indicators of Sewage and Non-Sewage Inputs into a Subtropical Estuarine Embayment System in South Eastern QLD, Australia". Griffith University. School of Environmental and Applied Science, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070124.111827.

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Sewage pollution from humans, animal and domestic sources (land and agricultural run-off) are recognized as a major cause of deteriorating water quality along Australia's coastline. Management of water quality has primarily relied on the use of bacterial indicator methods. However the validity and source-specificity of these methods have been met with increasing reservations for several years now. A relatively recent methodology uses a different chemical biomarker approach using 'sterols', a group of compounds related to the common bio-membrane lipid cholesterol and its derivatives. Sterols can offer an additional diagnostic tool to distinguish and discriminate between sources of faecal contamination in marine, freshwater and estuarine environments in both sediments and the water column. This study investigates for the first time, the degradation of coprostanol and selected faecal sterols in 'natural' sediments from a highly mixed (marine and estuarine) sub-tropical environment following a simulated pollution event (primary effluent); the use of faecal sterols as an additional indicator for determining non-point source sewage discharges at popular anchorages in the Moreton Bay and Gold Coast Broadwater system; and the use of sterol ratios in the determination of the fate and transportation of nutrients from a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) point-source outlet pipe during plant malfunction. The microcosm degradation experiment revealed that faecal and selected sterols are continually synthesised and degraded over time by auto- and hetero trophic organisms within the sediment matrix. Coprostanol was the only sterol to degrade continually, with only minor fluctuations over a time period of two months. Results from this degradation experiment further revealed a sharp decline of coprostanol within the first week. From this it could be concluded that, without any further addition, external inputs of coprostanol are reduced to background levels within this time period. Therefore, removal of coprostanol after six days was 94% and 73% in mud and sand, respectively. The removal of coprostanol was much higher in mud than sand, reflecting a higher level of microbial activity in muddy sediments for assimilation of sterols. The field study undertaken at popular anchorages in Moreton Bay and the Gold Coast Broadwater revealed extremely low levels of sterols and bacterial indicators over both a spatial and temporal scale consistent with a shallow, oligotrophic, highly dynamic sand dominated system. Even though sterols analysed were found at extremely low levels (mostly in the nano-gram range), they were found to be highly correlated and were successful in identifying an unexpected once off pollution event from a point source at Moreton Bay Island. Other than this one incident, both sterol and bacterial levels were consistently low even when anchorages were at full capacity. Thus, sewage from recreational vessels was found to have very little, if any, effect on the water quality at anchorages in Moreton Bay and Gold Coast Broadwater. The point-source study conducted during a local sewage treatment plant malfunction revealed that even though absolute concentrations of sterols did not change during this event, the distribution of sterols within the samples changed, hence changing the sterol ratios. Further, nutrients (mainly nitrogen) can be transported several kilometres by currents, flocculate out of the water column and settle out into the sediment in areas with low tidal and hydrological flushing. There, the nutrients can cause in situ production of sterols in sediments changing sterol ratios. Overall, this study revealed that analyses of sterol biomarkers have the potential to indicate nutrient inputs (such as nitrogen) as well as sewage, post-hoc pollution events at extremely low levels/high dilutions in coastal sediments.

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Biggs, Evan. Water in Western Australia. Perth, W.A: E. Biggs, 2001.

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Smith, D. I. Water in Australia: Resources and managment. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1998.

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Western Australia. Parliament. Legislative Council. Select Committee on Salinity. Report on salinity in Western Australia: First report. [Western Australia: s.n., 1988.

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Jakowyna, B. N. Nutrients in tributary inflows to the Albany harbours, Western Australia. East Perth, W.A: Water and Rivers Commission, 1999.

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Western Australia. Environmental Protection Authority. Implementation framework for Western Australia for the Australian and New Zealand guidelines for fresh and marine water quality and water quality monitoring and reporting (guidelines nos 4 & 7, national water quality management strategy). Perth, W.A: Environmental Protection Authority, 2002.

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Western Australia. Parliament. Legislative Council. Select Committee on Salinity. Report on salinity in Western Australia: Final report and recommenations. [W.A.]: Parliament of Western Australia, Legislative Council, 1988.

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Donohue, R. B. Nitrogen and phosphorus in tributary inflows to the Wilson Inlet, Western Australia. East Perth, W.A: Water and Rivers Commission, 1999.

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Smith, David Ingle. Water in Australia: Resources and management. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1998.

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Water in Australia: Resources and management. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1998.

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Claudius, Raymond. Draft policy and principles: Protection of waters from pollution in Western Australia. East Perth, W.A: Water and Rivers Commission, 1996.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Water quality Australia"

Norris, R. H., e A. Georges. "Design and Analysis for Assessment of Water Quality". In Limnology in Australia, 555–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4820-4_35.

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Ferguson, Angus J. P., Peter R. Scanes, Jaimie D. Potts, Matthew P. Adams e Katherine R. O’Brien. "Seagrasses in the South-East Australian Region—Distribution, Metabolism, and Morphology in Response to Hydrodynamic, Substrate, and Water Quality Stressors". In Seagrasses of Australia, 419–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71354-0_14.

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Odeh, I. O. A., A. J. Todd, J. Triantafilis e A. B. McBratney. "Status and trends of soil salinity at different scales: the case for the irrigated cotton growing region of eastern Australia". In Soil and Water Quality at Different Scales, 99–107. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3021-1_10.

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van der Linden, Leon, Matthew R. Hipsey, Michael D. Burch e Justin D. Brookes. "Myponga Reservoir, South Australia: The Influence of Nutrients, Phytoplankton, Pathogens, and Organic Carbon on Water Quality". In Encyclopedia of Lakes and Reservoirs, 530–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4410-6_130.

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Liu, Dongyan, R. J. Morrison e R. J. West. "Phytoplankton Assemblages as an Indicator of Water Quality in Seven Temperate Estuarine Lakes in South-East Australia". In Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences and Control, 191–202. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7814-6_14.

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Blinn, Dean W., e Paul C. E. Bailey. "Land-use influence on stream water quality and diatom communities in Victoria, Australia: a response to secondary salinization". In Saline Lakes, 231–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2934-5_21.

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Sivakumar, M., e S. Boroumand-Nasab. "Nutrient runoff modelling of an Australian urban catchment". In Water-Quality Hydrology, 81–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0393-0_6.

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Sumner, M. E., e M. J. McLaughlin. "Adverse impacts of agriculture on soil, water and food quality". In Contaminants and the Soil Environment in the Australasia-Pacific Region, 125–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1626-5_5.

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Marcar, Nico. "Prospects for Managing Salinity in Southern Australia Using Trees on Farmland". In Agroforestry for the Management of Waterlogged Saline Soils and Poor-Quality Waters, 49–71. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2659-8_4.

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Nambiar, E. K. Sadanandan. "Relationships between water, nutrients and productivity in Australian forests: Application to wood production and quality". In Nutrient Uptake and Cycling in Forest Ecosystems, 427–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0455-5_49.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Water quality Australia"

Malthus, Tim J., Erin L. Hestir, Arnold Dekker, Janet Anstee, Hannelie Botha, Nagur Cherukuru, Vittorio Brando, Lesley Clementsen, Rod Oliver e Zygmunt Lorenz. "Inland water quality monitoring in Australia". In IGARSS 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2013.6723424.

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van der Sterren, M., G. R. Dennis, J. Chuck e A. Rahman. "Rainwater Tank Water Quality Testing in Western Sydney Australia". In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)412.

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Phillips, B. C., e S. Yu. "Catchment Based Water Quality Modelling in Urbanising Catchments in Australia". In Specialty Symposium on Urban Drainage Modeling at the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40583(275)24.

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Riley, S., C. McQuade e D. Cohen. "A model of water quality in a coal mine in the Western Blue Mountains of NSW, Australia". In WATER POLLUTION 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp080071.

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"What do we need from catchment water quality models in Australia?" In 23rd International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2019). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2019.k15.fub.

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Riley, S., S. Shrestha, P. Hackney e R. A. Mann. "Water quality of road runoff in the Blue Mountains, NSW, Australia". In GEO-ENVIRONMENT 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/geo080151.

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van der Sterren, M., A. Rahman e G. Ryan. "Investigation of Water Quality and Quantity of Five Rainwater Tanks in Western Sydney Australia". In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)400.

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Razzaghmanesh, Mostafa, Simon Beecham e Baden Myers. "Long-Term Effects of Green Roofs on Stormwater Quality from Two Sites in Australia". In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2016. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479889.039.

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Danielle P Oliver, Jim W Cox, Rai S Kookana e Jenny S Anderson. "Off-site Transport of Pesticides in Mt. Lofty Ranges, South Australia, Australia: The Importance of Partitioning Processes". In TMDL 2010: Watershed Management to Improve Water Quality Proceedings, 14-17 November 2010 Hyatt Regency Baltimore on the Inner Harbor, Baltimore, Maryland USA. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.35747.

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Greenway, Margaret. "Monitoring Stormwater Quality through a Series of Natural and Constructed Treatment Devices: A Case Study from Brisbane, Sub-Tropical Australia". In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)6.

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