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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Water - Purification - Adsorption"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 6 settembre 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Water - Purification - Adsorption"

Dali Ioseliani, Neli Kalabegashvili, Gulnara Balarjishvili, Liana Samkharadze e Nino Nonikashvili. "Water purification from zinc ions using expanded perlite". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 19, n. 1 (30 luglio 2023): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.1.1278.

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Adsorptive capacities of expanded perlite, prepared on the basis of natural mineral of Georgia – perlite, in the process of aqueous solution purification from Zn (II) ions, have been first studied in the work. The dependencies of adsorption degree and volume capacity on adsorbent dosage, contact time, adsorbate concentration and pH of solution medium have been studied. Experiments have been conducted under dynamic conditions. Optimum conditions of Zn(II) ion adsorption have been established. Maximal efficiency of adsorption degree under these conditions was equal to 93,6, while volume capacity – 3,7 mg/g.

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Malovanyy, Myroslav, Kateryna Petrushka e Ihor Petrushka. "Improvement of Adsorption-Ion-Exchange Processes for Waste and Mine Water Purification". Chemistry & Chemical Technology 13, n. 3 (15 luglio 2019): 372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht13.03.372.

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Mekala, Mallaiah, Bhoopal Neerudi, Padma Rao Are, Raviteja Surakasi, G. Manikandan, Vighneswara Rao Kakara e Aditya Abhaykumar Dhumal. "Water Removal from an Ethanol-Water Mixture at Azeotropic Condition by Adsorption Technique". Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (14 aprile 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8374471.

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The separation of ethanol-water mixture is employed in the present work to produce pure ethanol, the present investigation on the separation of water from the ethanol to achieve pure ethanol by adsorption process. The different parameters like quantity of adsorbent, flow rate of feed mixture, and different adsorbents which are zeolite 3A, zeolite 4A, and silica gel are selected to study purification of ethanol by adsorption. The effect of process parameter for purification is also recorded and studied to evaluate the performance of adsorption equipment and adsorbent. The experiments are conducted at 30°C. The feed mixture is 95.6% (v/v) concentration of ethanol and 4.4% (v/v) of water. The designed adsorption column is suitable for purification of ethanol. The highest ethanol concentration 99.9443% obtained at 20 ml/min flow rate of feed mixture using 50 g of zeolite.

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Chelu, Mariana, Adina Magdalena Musuc, Monica Popa e Jose M. Calderon Moreno. "Chitosan Hydrogels for Water Purification Applications". Gels 9, n. 8 (17 agosto 2023): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9080664.

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Chitosan-based hydrogels have gained significant attention for their potential applications in water treatment and purification due to their remarkable properties such as bioavailability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, environmental friendliness, high pollutants adsorption capacity, and water adsorption capacity. This article comprehensively reviews recent advances in chitosan-based hydrogel materials for water purification applications. The synthesis methods, structural properties, and water purification performance of chitosan-based hydrogels are critically analyzed. The incorporation of various nanomaterials into chitosan-based hydrogels, such as nanoparticles, graphene, and metal-organic frameworks, has been explored to enhance their performance. The mechanisms of water purification, including adsorption, filtration, and antimicrobial activity, are also discussed in detail. The potential of chitosan-based hydrogels for the removal of pollutants, such as heavy metals, organic contaminants, and microorganisms, from water sources is highlighted. Moreover, the challenges and future perspectives of chitosan-based hydrogels in water treatment and water purification applications are also illustrated. Overall, this article provides valuable insights into the current state of the art regarding chitosan-based hydrogels for water purification applications and highlights their potential for addressing global water pollution challenges.

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Nikolaeva, L. A., e A. A. Adzhigitova. "Purification of Industrial Waste Water from Copper Ions Using Ash Waste". Voprosy sovremennoj nauki i praktiki. Universitet imeni V.I. Vernadskogo, n. 1(79) (2021): 060–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/voprosy.2021.01.pp.060-068.

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The necessity of studying organic waste as a secondary energy resource for a waste-heat boiler with further use of the resulting ash for the adsorption of heavy metal ions is shown. The adsorptive purification of waste water from copper ions by ash of organic waste is considered. The chemical composition and technological characteristics of organic biomass, the characteristics of the boiler and the toxicity of the resulting ash have been determined. The chemical composition of the ash was obtained. The isotherm of adsorption in static conditions and the output curve of adsorption in dynamic conditions of copper cations by ash of organic waste were constructed. The process of wastewater treatment of galvanic production is presented. It is concluded that the use of the adsorption method allows for a high degree of wastewater purification and its possible reuse for the technological needs of the enterprise.

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Nikolaeva, L. A., e N. E. Aikenova. "The Mechanism of Adsorptive Purification of Industrial Waste Water from Phenols (the Example of Aktobe Oil Refining LLP)". Voprosy sovremennoj nauki i praktiki. Universitet imeni V.I. Vernadskogo, n. 4(78) (2020): 028–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/voprosy.2020.04.pp.028-037.

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The mechanism of adsorptive purification of oil refining wastewater from phenols by modified carbonate sludge of chemical water treatment (CWT) has been studied. Phenols in wastewater are extremely toxic substances. In the legislative order, the sanitary and hygienic standards set the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of phenol in water, which is 0.001 mg/dm3. A process scheme of adsorption purification of wastewater from phenols with modified carbonate sludge, which is a large-tonnage waste from the power industry, is proposed. An adsorption filter has been designed for effective additional cleaning at Aktobe Oil Refining LLP.

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Kumari, K. S. Beena, e S. Mary Paulin. "ECOFRIENDLY ADSORBENT FROM FOOD WASTE FOR WATER PURIFICATION". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, n. 9 (30 settembre 2021): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i9.2021.4230.

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Egg shell, which is a waste material emerging out in large quantities from poultries, homes and restaurants, may be used as a good adsorbent for heavy metals. Different types of eggshells were used in this study for the adsorption of a major pollutant such as iron from surface water. Effect of CaCO3 content in the egg shell, particle size, contact time, temperature and shaking on adsorption were also studied. The adsorption isotherms fitted by the Langmuir model revealed that the adsorption of iron by eggshell samples was monolayer adsorption.

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Farkhod, Yusupov, Nuriddinova Dilfuza, Yakhsheva Yulduz, Yusupov Sukhrob e Mamanazarov Murodali. "Import-mixing Sorbents for Purification of Waste Production Water of Gas Processing Industry for re-use". International Journal of Mechanics 15 (29 giugno 2021): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9104.2021.15.10.

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Currently, there are a variety of methods and technologies for water purification. One of them is the adsorption method. Today the adsorption method is widely used in the water treatment industry. The aim of the research is to create an effective multifunctional filtering composition suitable for complex physical and chemical water purification. For this, a cation exchanger developed on the basis of local raw materials, activated alumina and other local materials was used. The adsorption properties of the cation exchanger and aluminum oxide in the composition of this filter have been studied. Also, the parameters of the filter for water purification are determined.

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Atamanova, O., E. I. Tikhomirova, A. A. Podoksenov, A. S. Glubokaya e Z. A. Simonova. "Purification of water environments from heavy metals ions pollution". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1061, n. 1 (1 luglio 2022): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1061/1/012027.

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Abstract Modern methods for extracting heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater are quite diverse. The purpose of the study was to develop and justify new technologies for purification of aqueous media, including adsorption purification, from heavy metal ions (by the example of Ni2+ and Cd2+ ions). Laboratory studies have established that the degree of adsorption extraction of Ni2+ ions by the sorption material from bentonite modified with carbon nanotubes and fired at a temperature of 550 °C increases by 13-14 % due to its activation with 18 % HCl solution and 38 % CaCl2 solution, and the degree of adsorption extraction of Cd2+ ions with this activation of the sorbent, it increases by 16-17 %. A technological scheme of a water purification station is proposed, which includes highly efficient adsorption filters with sorption material from bentonite of the specified modification and acid-salt activation.

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Agirman, Betul M. "Water Purification and Adsorption Ability of Pumice". International Journal of High School Research 3, n. 4 (30 settembre 2021): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36838/v3i4.2.

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Tesi sul tema "Water - Purification - Adsorption"

Stocking, Kristin 1959. "Adsorption of MS-2 bacteriophage to silica". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277019.

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Batch and column experiments were performed to investigate the adsorption of bacteriophage MS-2 to silica at pH 5. Linear isotherm analysis of batch experiment data gave partition coefficient (KP) estimates of 270 cm³/g and 580 cm³/g for 4°C and 24°C, respectively. Breakthrough-type column experiments indicated that sorption and desorption were slow, as evidenced by a slow approach to breakthrough and tailing of the desorption limb. A non-equilibrium advection-dispersion model with all adsorption sites on the silica assumed to be kinetically controlled was used to model the column data. The model-generated parameters yielded Kp estimates 1000-fold smaller than those given by isotherm analysis and indicated that the time scale for desorption is on the order of 1-6 hours.

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Imwer, Serge Mapan. "Adsorption of perfluorinated water contaminants on Agave sisalana activated carbon fibre". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/867.

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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Magister Technologiae: Chemical Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2014
An awareness campaign on the harmful effects of Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), especially Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been conducted to inform the general public about the impact of these organic compounds on hu-mans and biota. These compounds have been shown to be potential carcinogens, as indi-cated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development . A major concern about these chemicals is that they have been widely used in consumer products and have been detected in food and drinking water. They have been determined to be resistant to biological degradation, owing to their unique chemical and physical properties (fluorine atoms that have substituted hydrogen atoms in their chemical structure). Owing to their characteristics of being highly soluble in water, they cannot be removed from water using ordinary purification processes. Studies have been conducted to evaluate the removal of PFOA and PFOS from water using different methods. Among these methods, it has been proved that adsorption is a suitable method with the best adsorbent identified as activated carbon (AC). AC can be found in many forms, including as a fibre. The use of AC for the removal of PCFs can be augmented with sonica-tion and electro-chemical methods for rapid absorption of these compounds. The aim of this study was to remove these contaminants using a microporous AC fibre (ACF) made from an indigenous plant, Agave sisalana, which is widely available across sub-Saharan Africa, by using electro-physico-chemical methods. ACF has the following advantages when compared with granulated and/or powdered AC: it has a slightly larger reactive surface area; small quantities can be used; it is easily handled; it retains its shape under stress, thus does not require additional filtration to remove particulate residue; and can be regenerated easily. The manufacturing process of the ACF was done in several steps: 1) harvesting of the A. sisalana leaves, stripping them to obtain wet fibre by scrapping using traditional meth-ods, 2) chemical activation using NaOH, KOH, ZnCl2 and H3PO4, employing a spraying method instead of soaking, which was followed by drying, and 3) carbonisation in a furnace at the required temperature. The use of activation reagents involved the determination of an appropriate concentration, with optimum concentrations determined as 0.54M, 0.625M, 1.59M and 0.73M for NaOH, KOH, ZnCl2 and H3PO4, respectively. Apart from the fibre acti-vation, temperature and activation time were also important parameters that were optimised. A response surface methodology was used to design a set of experiments that provided the optimum temperature and activation time. From the input variables, the Expert design soft- ware generated experimental runs (n = 13) for each fibre activation reagent used with a tem-perature range of 450°C to 933°C being assessed for carbonisation time of between 17 to 208 minutes. ACF activated with KOH (0.54 M) and characterised by micropores with the highest surface area achieved being 1285.8 m2/g in comparison with Granular activated car-bon (Ounas et al., 2009) with an average surface area range of 1000 to 1100 m2/g. This sur-face area was measured using Dubinin-Astakhov isotherm with CO2 at 273 K. The physical characteristics of the ACF were analysed using a Scanning Electron Microscope to ascertain the integrity of the fibres. PFOA and PFOS were analysed using a solid phase extraction (SPE) method fol-lowed by analysis using a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometer (SPE-LC/MS/MS). The water sample volume used for extraction was 60 mL. The instrument used was an HPLC - Ultimate 3000 Dionex HPLC system and MS model - Amazon SL Ion Trap, with the following MS/MS operational conditions and ion mode: MS Interface → ESI; dry temp → 350C; nebulising pressure → 60 psi; dry gas flow → 10 L/min; ionisation mode → negative; capillary voltage → +4500V; end plate offset → −500V, while the separation col-umn was a Waters Sunfire C18, 5 μm, 4.6 × 150 mm column (supplier: Waters, Dublin, Ire-land), with an operational temperature of 30C. Initially, adsorption studies (n = 48) using sonication (20 kHz) in batch systems indi-cated efficient removal of PFOA and PFOS within 120 min, with numerous samples (n = 14) achieving complete removal for both PFOA and PFOS. The minimum removal rates ob-served were 65.55% for PFOA and 95.92% for PFOS. From the ACF samples in which high-est removal rates were achieved, a number (n = 3) of the ACF samples were selected for surface characterisation. Based on the sonication in the previous experiments, an electro-physico-chemical adsorption regime was designed, to facilitate the rapid adsorption of PFOS and PFOA from contaminated drinking water in an electrolytic cell. In these experiments, si-multaneous sonication and electrolysis were used. A comparison was made between ACF produced in this study and the commercial activated carbon. The result revealed that adsorp-tion of PFOA and PFOS on ACF was a monolayer adsorption type phenomenon and had the best fit using a Freundlich isotherm compared with the Langmuir isotherm. Adsorption of PFOA and PFOS on the commercial AC presented a multilayer adsorption type of isotherm fit with the Langmuir isotherm having the best fit compared with the Freundlich isotherm.

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Tan, Lo 1963. "The effects of activated carbon adsorption and ozonation on trihalomethane speciation". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276953.

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Two surface water sources in the southwestern United States, Colorado River Water (CRW) and California State Project Water (SPW), were studied in bench-scale experiments examining two Trihalomethane (THM) precursor removal processes, activated carbon adsorption and ozone oxidation. Both source water contained bromide (Br-) ion leading to brominated THMs upon chlorination. Activated carbon removed THM precursors, as measured by dissolved organic carbon (DOC), while having little effect on bromide. The net result was an increase in the ratio of Br-/DOC and an increase in the relative abundance of brominated THMs. Ozone oxidized higher molecular weight precursor molecules into lower molecular weight by-products which were less reactive with chlorine. Moreover, ozonation transformed Br- to hypobromous acid (an "in-situ" oxidant), leading to an increase in the percentage of brominated THMs.

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Hungate, Robert W. "Adsorption kinetics for the removal of soluble manganese by oxide- coated filter media". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43861.

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This study was conducted to examine the kinetics of manganese sorption on oxide-coated filter media. Initial experimentation confirmed the findings of other investigators, the Mn2+ sorption capacity of oxide-coated media increases as solution pH increases. Further study revealed that uptake rate kinetics could be described by first order kinetics and also increased with increasing solution pH. The addition of free chlorine (HOCl) to solution greatly enhanced Mn2+ uptake rate kinetics. Later studies indicated that the oxide coating had very little impact on the physical properties of the media tested.

Actual data from a water treatment plant filter confirmed laboratory experimental results by showing that sorption of soluble manganese does indeed occur on oxidecoated filters. The water treatment plant data also suggested that the sorption kinetics were relatively rapid, again upholding laboratory findings.

Results from the manganese kinetics and sorption experiments were combined to formulate a theoretical model which would predict manganese breakthrough in a filter, given a known set of loading parameters. Preliminary use of the model indicated that oxide-coated filters could sorb significant quantities of soluble manganese before detectible levels of manganese appear in the effluent.
Master of Science

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Ambjörnsson, Linn, Katti Ewald, Kling Erika Johansson, Anna Larsson, Selenius Marie e Svedberg Elin. "Purification of arsenic contaminated water using ferrihydrite with consideration to current circumstances in Burkina Faso". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295133.

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Ferrihydrite in a suspension has been studied as a solution for purification of arsenic contaminated water. Many development countries, amongst them Burkina Faso, have arsenic in their groundwater and the current methods for purification are too expensive. Measurements have shown extremely high levels of arsenic in the groundwater in several places in Burkina Faso. Since the availability of surface water is limited, the groundwater is still used as drinking water. A suspension of ferrihydrite has capacity to adsorb arsenic in water due to its chemical characteristics. Small-scale laboratory work with ferrihydrite suspensions has been performed in parallel in Uppsala, Sweden, and Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. To purify the water with regard to the economical and practical circumstances in Burkina Faso, a column with safety filter was made out of simple materials such as plastic bottles, plastic tubes and glass wool. The contaminated water was flowing upwards through the column to prevent the filter from clogging. In Uppsala it was discovered that a 1 L ferrihydrite suspension containing 10 g ferrihydrite can adsorb 0.7 g arsenic while it was shaken and centrifuged well. In Ouagadougou it was possible, in the setup, to clean 2 L arsenic contaminated water with the concentration of 100 µg/L. The conclusions from the experiments in this project are that ferrihydrite can adsorb arsenic in contaminated water but that the setup used needs to be further evaluated and developed

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Rathnayake, Suramya I. "Synthesis, characterisation and application of inorganic-organic clays for water purification". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/104320/1/Rathnayake%20Mudiyanselage%20Suramya%20Indunil_Rathnayake_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis reports a new remediation approach for the removal of toxic and high priority water pollutants based on the use of modified clays. Novel types of modified clays called inorganic-organic clays (IOCs) were synthesised and their structures and properties were characterised using various techniques. Adsorption behaviours and removal efficiencies of the IOCs towards both organic and inorganic water pollutants in Single and Binary Contaminants System were investigated. The work provides new insights into the structures, properties and potential environmental applications of IOCs in water remediation.

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Park, Yu Ri. "Synthesis, characterisation and application of organic surfactants modified clays for water purification". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63494/1/Yu%20Ri_Park_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis offered a step forward in the development of cheap and effective materials for water treatment. It described the modification of naturally abundant clay minerals with organic molecules, and used the modified clays as effective adsorbents for the removal of recalcitrant organic water pollutants. The outcome of the study greatly extended our understanding of the synthesis and characteristic properties of clay and modified clay minerals, provided optimistic evaluation of the modified clays for environmental remediation and offered potential utility for clay minerals in the industry and environment.

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Lavinder, Steven Robert. "Evaluation of activated carbon processes for removing trihalomethane precursors from a surface water impoundment". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45820.

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A pilot plant study was conducted in Newport News, Virginia to investigate the effectiveness of powdered activated carbon [PAC] and granular activated carbon [GAC], with and without preoxidation, for reducing trihalomethane [THM] precursor concentrations in Harwood's Mill Reservoir water. Preoxidation with ozone followed by GAC is referred to as the "biological activated carbonâ [BAC] process. This study showed that the GAC and BAC processes obtained the same level of organic removal; however, BAC would provide longer bed life and require less carbon than the GAC process. PAC treatment of alum coagulated water provided significantly higher TOC and THMFP removals than alum coagulation alone. The use of a preoxidant (ozone) with PAC slightly improved the organic removal efticiency. While treatment by PAC increased THMFP removals, it was not as efficient as the GAC and BAC processes. UV absorbance measured at 254 nm and TOC were found to be good surrogates for THMFP in the GAC column, but not in the BAC column.

Master of Science

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Hyung, Hoon. "Dispersion of fullerenes in natural water and their behavior in water treatment process". Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24812.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Jae-Hong Kim; Committee Member: Joseph hughes; Committee Member: Michael Bergin; Committee Member: Seung Soon Jang; Committee Member: Vernon Snoeyink.

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Hawley, Harmonie A. "TCE removal utilizing coupled zeolite sorption and advanced oxidation". Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0428103-150434.

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Libri sul tema "Water - Purification - Adsorption"

Worch, Eckhard. Adsorption technology in water treatment. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2012.

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Bonilla-Petriciolet, Adrián, Didilia Ileana Mendoza-Castillo e Hilda Elizabeth Reynel-Ávila, a cura di. Adsorption Processes for Water Treatment and Purification. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58136-1.

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M, Aly Osman, a cura di. Adsorption processes for water treatment. Boston: Butterworth, 1987.

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Adsorption technology in water treatment. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2012.

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Markovich, Koganovskiĭ Aleksandr, a cura di. Adsorbt͡s︡ii͡a︡ organicheskikh veshchestv iz vody. Leningrad: "Khimii͡a︡," Leningradskoe otd-nie, 1990.

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Wang, Lawrence K. Flotation technology. New York: Humana, 2010.

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Patel, Rahul. Radium removal from water by manganese dioxide adsorption and diatomaceous earth filtration. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, 1992.

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Çeçen, Ferhan. Activated carbon for water and wastewater treatment: Integration of adsorption and biological treatment. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2011.

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Symons, James M. Treatment of drinking water by bromide addition and powdered activated carbon adsorption. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1986.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Water - Purification - Adsorption"

Pillai, Suraj Babu. "Adsorption in Water and Used Water Purification". In Handbook of Water and Used Water Purification, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66382-1_4-1.

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Gaur, Vivekanand. "Adsorption on Activated Carbon: Role of Surface Chemistry in Water Purification". In Aqueous Phase Adsorption, 283–300. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2019.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351272520-10.

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Bonilla-Petriciolet, Adrián, Didilia Ileana Mendoza-Castillo e Hilda Elizabeth Reynel-Ávila. "Introduction". In Adsorption Processes for Water Treatment and Purification, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58136-1_1.

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Piccin, Jeferson Steffanello, Tito Roberto Sant’Anna Cadaval, Luiz Antonio Almeida de Pinto e Guilherme Luiz Dotto. "Adsorption Isotherms in Liquid Phase: Experimental, Modeling, and Interpretations". In Adsorption Processes for Water Treatment and Purification, 19–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58136-1_2.

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Dotto, Guilherme Luiz, Nina Paula Gonçalves Salau, Jeferson Steffanello Piccin, Tito Roberto Sant’Anna Cadaval e Luiz Antonio Almeida de Pinto. "Adsorption Kinetics in Liquid Phase: Modeling for Discontinuous and Continuous Systems". In Adsorption Processes for Water Treatment and Purification, 53–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58136-1_3.

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Durán-Valle, Carlos Javier, Almudena B. Botet-Jiménez e Delia Omenat-Morán. "Hydrothermal Carbonisation: An Eco-Friendly Method for the Production of Carbon Adsorbents". In Adsorption Processes for Water Treatment and Purification, 77–108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58136-1_4.

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Xu, Meng, e Gordon McKay. "Removal of Heavy Metals, Lead, Cadmium, and Zinc, Using Adsorption Processes by Cost-Effective Adsorbents". In Adsorption Processes for Water Treatment and Purification, 109–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58136-1_5.

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Rivera-Utrilla, José, Manuel Sánchez-Polo e Raúl Ocampo-Pérez. "Removal of Antibiotics from Water by Adsorption/Biosorption on Adsorbents from Different Raw Materials". In Adsorption Processes for Water Treatment and Purification, 139–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58136-1_6.

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Altimari, Pietro, Fabrizio Di Caprio e Francesca Pagnanelli. "Biosorption of Copper by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: From Biomass Characterization to Process Development". In Adsorption Processes for Water Treatment and Purification, 205–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58136-1_7.

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Rahim Pouran, Shima, Mohammad Saleh Shafeeyan, Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman, Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud e Abolfazl Bayrami. "Transition Metal-Substituted Magnetite as an Innovative Adsorbent and Heterogeneous Catalyst for Wastewater Treatment". In Adsorption Processes for Water Treatment and Purification, 225–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58136-1_8.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Water - Purification - Adsorption"

Angappan, Sajeevan, Mudith Karunaratne, Charitha Thambiliyagodage e Leshan Usgodaarachchi. "Development of Silica-Copper Nanocomposite for Water Purification". In The SLIIT International Conference on Engineering and Technology 2022. Faculty of Engineering, SLIIT, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/vodw8508.

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Water pollution is one of the serious concerns across the world at the moment. Industrial wastewater significantly contributes to the negative impacts caused by water pollution. Textile industries discharge large amounts of effluents into water streams with little or no treatment of the discharge because wastewater treatment is an expensive process. Thus, there exists a need for a cheap and effective way to treat textile effluent that contains dyes before being discharged. A high purity silica-based Nano-adsorbent was synthesized by using rice husk as the commercially available main cheap precursor. Copper-loaded silica nanoparticles were successfully functionalized with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) via the sol-gel pathway to enhance the adsorption performance of organic dyes from textile effluent. The performance of produced Nano-adsorbent was evaluated by using methylene blue as waste adsorbate. As synthesized nanomaterial was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, the XRD results confirmed the presence of silicon dioxide (SiO2) and paramelaconite (Cu4O3) as predicted. The FTIR confirmed the presence of Si–O stretching, N-H bending, C–H stretching, Cu–O stretching and O–H bending vibrations thereby suggesting the presence of SiO2, NH2 groups, CH2, Cu4O3 and physisorbed H2O. The optimum conditions for pH and adsorbent dosage were successfully evaluated for the adsorption process. The optimum pH at which the nanomaterial performed best was at pH 4. The optimum mass of the adsorbent that gave maximum adsorption performance was 20 mg. Kinetic studies revealed that the experimented data was in better correlation with pseudo-second-order kinetics. The outcome of this project would be of interest to textile industries looking for a cheap and effective way to treat textile wastewater. KEYWORDS: Adsorption, APTES, Methylene Blue, Nano adsorbent, Rice Husk, Silica, Sol-gel,

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Tsyntsarski, Boyko. "NEW COMBINED MEMBRANE-ADSORPTION TECHNOLOGY FOR PURIFICATION OF WATER FROM ORGANIC POLLUTANTS". In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/31/s12.059.

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Oviroh, Peter Ozaveshe, Jitian Han e Tien-Chien Jen. "Simulation of MoS2 Nanolayer Membrane Performance for Water Desalination Using ReaxFF". In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10578.

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Abstract The use of nanolayer membrane for desalination is an emerging new technology for water purification. Improvements in nanotechnology have led to the development of a variety of nanolayer membranes such as MoS2 and Graphene for water purification that could replace current materials used for reverse osmosis. The reaction of water on 2D monolayer of Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) was studied using the ReaxFF. Different vacant sites were created such as Mo- and S-vacancy, MoS and S2-divacancy, MoS2 and MoS2-triple for the minimization. The H-O-H and O-H-H molecule demonstrated a stable negative adsorption energy on the different vacancies created, while both the Mo vacancy+H-O-H and the Mo+S2 triple vacancy+O-H-H produced positive binding energies which are unfavourable to adsorption. The molecular dynamics simulation was done to study the factors which could influence membrane performance thereby guide to physical tests. Pore chemistry play a significant role in modulating the water flux and this is explained through the energy barriers.

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Baytamo, Ton John L., Katrina C. Perez e Michelle C. Almendrala. "PASIG RIVER WATER PURIFICATION BY ULTRAFILTRATION: APPLICATION OF DUAL COAGULATION AND ADSORPTION FOR ENHANCED TREATMENT PROCESS". In 22nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.17.

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The treatment of the Pasig River water using ultrafiltration is a promising solution that may help address issues on public water quality and availability around Metro Manila, Philippines. To improve the treatment performance, ultrafiltration can be applied with coagulation and adsorption. In this study, the effectiveness of ultrafiltration in treating the Pasig River water with dual coagulation and adsorption was investigated by determining the percent removal of TDS, turbidity, Escherichia coli (E. coli), nitrate, pH, copper, chromium, lead, total hardness, true color, and odor. The jar test results show that a dual coagulant mixture of 30% organic polyDADMAC solution and 70% inorganic Aluminum Chlorohydrate (ACH) solution, and 10 mL/L was optimal. A 98.01% turbidity removal was achieved under these conditions, and it was able to remove E.coli. Ultrafiltration using the hollow-fiber membrane has an optimum transmembrane pressure of 19 psig; this stage has effectively treated the river water with percent removals of 74.67%, 17.60%, 28.94%, 36.13%, and 50.00% for turbidity, TDS, nitrates, hardness, and true color, respectively. Coagulation and chemical cleaning before operation also substantially increased its ability to filter quicker. Further, adsorption using Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) was proven to be a good post-treatment, reducing the water quality parameters at removals of 19.98%, 11.37%, and 34.07% removal for TDS, nitrates, and hardness, accordingly; the odor also was removed after the GAC adsorption. This study also found that the Pasig River water contains very low concentrations of copper, chromium, and lead, all maintained throughout the water treatment process.

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Zhang, Peikun, Li Wang, Yuzhi Cheng, Zhengqiang Li, Yuan Gao e Ding Wang. "Regeneration Strategies of Air-Purification TSA Process for Cryogenic Air Distillation Plant". In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90330.

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Since the regeneration step in the Temperature Swing Adsorption (TSA) process requires time enough to heat and cool the bed, it is often the time-limiting step in the TSA cycle and it consumes a huge amount of energy for regeneration. Therefore, a valid management of the regeneration process can minimize the energy consumption of the TSA process which is involved with regeneration time, purge gas requirements, and heat load. Simulation software was developed for industrial scale bed of TSA. A new isotherm equation which performs well in predicting experiment data was extended to multi-component form and then used to interpret the adsorption equilibria of water vapor and carbon dioxide on adsorbents. Preliminary linear drive force mass transfer coefficients and the heat transfer coefficients were calculated by empirical equations and then refined by matching breakthrough curves obtained from industrial field process monitoring to theoretical curves. Under a wide range of regeneration conditions, the temperature effluence and breakthrough were drawn and studied. With the application of this simulation software, the performance and operation data of the TSA beds under various conditions can be obtained conveniently. This enables the manager to minimize their TSA’s heat consumption.

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Opetubo, Oriyomi, Sunday Temitope Oyinbo, Peter Ozaveshe Oviroh, Ibitoye Ayotunde e Tien-Chien Jen. "Investigation of Adsorption, Dissociation, and Hydrogen Diffusion Through V-Ni-Zr Alloys Surface for Hydrogen Purification: First Principle Method". In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96856.

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Abstract Hydrogen is an alternative source of fuel to replace fossil fuels. Its byproduct is water, and it is environmentally friendly. To meet the United Nations goal of zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, hydrogen generation and purification must be capable of meeting the annual demand for fossil fuel. Vanadium (V) is a potential material to replace Pd-based metals due to its high diffusion. However, due to its high solubility, it suffers severe hydrogen embrittlement. Moreso, alloying with vanadium, such as Nickel (Ni), has lowered its solubility. Hence, this study used the first principle calculation technique based on density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the Hydrogen (H) atom’s adsorption, diffusion, and permeability characteristics on the V-Ni-Zr alloy surface. The hydrogen diffusion path from the hollow site (HS) through the bridge site (BS) to the tetrahedral interstitial site (TS) was investigated. Because of its low activation energy, the material may be employed for H2 storage and purification by changing the alloy composition. Before hydrogen embrittlement occurs, we also look at the diffusion rate over time. This research can be used as a starting point for the experiment.

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Oster, Benjamin G., John P. Hurley, Nikhil Patel, Ted R. Aulich, Michael E. Collings, Ronald C. Timpe e Franklin H. Holcomb. "High Pressure Reforming and Hydrogen Purification for Military Fuel Cell Use". In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65188.

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A high pressure water reforming (HPWR) reactor system was designed and constructed to operate at pressures up to 82,737kPa and temperatures up to 913K. Initial HPWR hydrogen production tests have been conducted with two feedstocks: an aromatics- and sulfur-free natural gas-derived fuel (S-8) and methanol. Feedstock and water were continuously pumped into a reactor vessel where they were catalytically reformed to a hydrogen-rich reformate product. Reactor temperature, pressure, and space velocity were varied to determine their effect on reformate hydrogen concentration. Online, Raman spectroscopy gas composition measurements were verified by gas chromatography. Experiments conducted to date have resulted in a S-8-derived 33,784kPa reformate containing 58 mol% hydrogen at 898K, and a methanol-derived 33,784kPa reformate containing 76 mol% hydrogen at 638K. To enable high-pressure purification of HPWR-generated reformate to proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell-quality hydrogen, EERC researchers have been working to tailor a low-pressure Oak Ridge National Laboratory-developed electrical swing adsorption (ESA) technology for high-pressure separation of hydrogen from other reformate constituents. Reformate purification experiments conducted to date have achieved quantitative separation of hydrogen from a bottled gas mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane at 1,379kPa. Near-term future experimental work will focus on 1) optimization of the HPWR process using sulfur- and aromatics-free jet fuel, and then JP-8 fuel, at pressures of up to 34,474kPa and 2) optimization of the ESA process for hydrogen purification at pressures of up to 34,474kPa. Results of these experiments will be presented.

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Artemev, Alexandr. "FLOCCULATION OF FINE APATITE AIMED AT REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL WATER USE PROBLEMS IN MINERAL PROCESSING PLANTS". In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/48.

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"Water treatment technologies involving pre-treated industrial effluents without transporting them to the tailing dump are of interest primarily from an environmental point of view, as they reduce the environmental burden. The paper studies the possibility of purification of process waters from apatite concentrate production from suspended particles and water-soluble impurities using polyacrylamide flocculants. By studying the processes of adsorption of H+ and OH- ions from aqueous solutions, the acid-base properties of the surface of the solid phase of the most polluted technological product - the drain of the apatite concentrate thickener - the mineral composition of which is 90% apatite have been studied. The influence of the reagents present in the processing technology on the quantitative ratio of acid-base centres on the apatite surface has been evaluated. It has been shown that the interaction of these reagents with the mineral creates prerequisites for a greater efficiency of the anionic flocculant. The electro-surface properties of apatite treated with various reagents were studied using the laser Doppler electrophoresis method. The mechanism of fixation of ions present in the dispersion medium on the surface of apatite was studied by infrared spectroscopy. In order to determine the conditions under which various flocculants are in the most ionized state, studies were conducted on the change in the viscosity of the polyelectrolyte solution at different pH values. The position of the isoionic point for samples of cationic and anionic flocculants in the presence of reagents used in the apatite flotation and dehydration of apatite concentrate was studied. A research has been carried out on ""model"" and real suspensions in circulating water for a number of cationic, anionic and nonionic flocculants. The kinetic and concentration dependences of the flocculating capacity of the studied reagents were determined, which confirmed the high efficiency of the anionic type reagents"

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Korsgaard, Anders Risum, Mads Pagh Nielsen, Mads Bang e So̸ren Knudsen Kær. "Modeling of CO Influence in PBI Electrolyte PEM Fuel Cells". In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97214.

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In most PEM fuel cell MEA’s Nafion is used as electrolyte material due to its excellent proton conductivity at low temperatures. However, Nafion needs to be fully hydrated in order to conduct protons. This means that the cell temperature cannot surpass the boiling temperature of water and further this poses great challenges regarding water management in the cells. When operating fuel cell stacks on reformate gas, carbon monoxide (CO) content in the gas is unavoidable. The highest tolerable amount of CO is between 50–100 ppm with CO-tolerant catalysts. To achieve such low CO-concentration, extensive gas purification is necessary; typically shift reactors and preferential oxidation. The surface adsorption and desorption is strongly dependent upon the cell temperature. Higher temperature operation favors the CO-desorption and increases cell performance due to faster kinetics. High temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells with PBI polymer electrolytes rather than Nafion can be operated at temperatures between 120–200°C. At such conditions, several percent CO in the gas is tolerable depending on the cell temperature. System complexity in the case of reformate operation is greatly reduced increasing the overall system performance since shift reactors and preferential oxidation can be left out. PBI-based MEA’s have proven long durability. The manufacturer PEMEAS have verified lifetimes above 25,000 hours. They are thus serious contenders to Nafion based fuel cell MEA’s. This paper provides a novel experimentally verified model of the CO sorption processes in PEM fuel cells with PBI membranes. The model uses a mechanistic approach to characterize the CO adsorption and desorption kinetics. A simplified model, describing cathode overpotential, was included to model the overall cell potential. Experimental tests were performed with CO-levels ranging from 0.1% to 10% and temperatures from 160–200°C. Both pure hydrogen as well as a reformate gas models were derived and the modeling results are in excellent agreement with the experiments.

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Tu, Rang, e Lanbin Liu. "Performance Evaluations of Extracting Water From Dry Air Using Multi-Stage Desiccant Wheels and Vapor Compression Cycle". In ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2019-3554.

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Abstract A water extraction device that takes water from air in dry area is proposed. This device is designed to meet domestic water demand in remote rural areas, where the climate is dry and fresh water is scarce. The device can be driven effectively by low-temperature waste heat and has the characteristics of large daily water production, low energy consumption per unit of water and high water quality. Because the moisture content of air in dry area is very low, the effect of direct condensation is limited. Solid adsorbent is able to adsorb water vapor from air at a low temperature and release water vapor at under high temperature, which can be used for water extracting from air. To improve its performance under dry circumstances, the key technical point of this device is to use solid adsorbent to collect water vapor from other air to raise its dew point temperature, and then use high temperature cold source to condense water vapor from it. In this paper, configurations of the solid adsorption are proposed, which can be driven with low regeneration temperature under the same humidity increasing amount. This device uses multi-stage desiccant wheels to realize humid increasing. Desiccant wheel can be driven with high temperature to take water vapor from dehumidification air and release water vapor to regeneration air. The multi-stage configuration is good for the reduction of regeneration temperature, making applications of low temperature waste heat form heat pumps possible. Then, influencing factors of water extracting rate are analyzed. The influencing of regeneration temperature, humid reduction amount of the humidified air and cooling and heating systems, etc., are analyzed. Last, air handling processes considering cold and heat sources are recommended to reduce energy consumption. The heat pump driven scenarios are discussed in particular. Through optimization, the water extracting rate can be increased and energy consumption per unit of water can be reduced. At present, this paper only studies air water extracting processes and thermal processes, and does not involve structure of the device, water purification and power consumption of fans, etc.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Water - Purification - Adsorption"

Chefetz, Benny, Baoshan Xing, Leor Eshed-Williams, Tamara Polubesova e Jason Unrine. DOM affected behavior of manufactured nanoparticles in soil-plant system. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604286.bard.

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The overall goal of this project was to elucidate the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil retention, bioavailability and plant uptake of silver and cerium oxide NPs. The environmental risks of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are attracting increasing attention from both industrial and scientific communities. These NPs have shown to be taken-up, translocated and bio- accumulated in plant edible parts. However, very little is known about the behavior of NPs in soil-plant system as affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM). Thus DOM effect on NPs behavior is critical to assessing the environmental fate and risks related to NP exposure. Carbon-based nanomaterials embedded with metal NPs demonstrate a great potential to serve as catalyst and disinfectors. Hence, synthesis of novel carbon-based nanocomposites and testing them in the environmentally relevant conditions (particularly in the DOM presence) is important for their implementation in water purification. Sorption of DOM on Ag-Ag₂S NPs, CeO₂ NPs and synthesized Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotubebifunctional composite has been studied. High DOM concentration (50mg/L) decreased the adsorptive and catalytic efficiencies of all synthesized NPs. Recyclable Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotube composite exhibited excellent catalytic and anti-bacterial action, providing complete reduction of common pollutants and inactivating gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria at environmentally relevant DOM concentrations (5-10 mg/L). Our composite material may be suitable for water purification ranging from natural to the industrial waste effluents. We also examined the role of maize (Zeamays L.)-derived root exudates (a form of DOM) and their components on the aggregation and dissolution of CuONPs in the rhizosphere. Root exudates (RE) significantly inhibited the aggregation of CuONPs regardless of ionic strength and electrolyte type. With RE, the critical coagulation concentration of CuONPs in NaCl shifted from 30 to 125 mM and the value in CaCl₂ shifted from 4 to 20 mM. This inhibition was correlated with molecular weight (MW) of RE fractions. Higher MW fraction (> 10 kDa) reduced the aggregation most. RE also significantly promoted the dissolution of CuONPs and lower MW fraction (< 3 kDa) RE mainly contributed to this process. Also, Cu accumulation in plant root tissues was significantly enhanced by RE. This study provides useful insights into the interactions between RE and CuONPs, which is of significance for the safe use of CuONPs-based antimicrobial products in agricultural production. Wheat root exudates (RE) had high reducing ability to convert Ag+ to nAg under light exposure. Photo-induced reduction of Ag+ to nAg in pristine RE was mainly attributed to the 0-3 kDa fraction. Quantification of the silver species change over time suggested that Cl⁻ played an important role in photoconversion of Ag+ to nAg through the formation and redox cycling of photoreactiveAgCl. Potential electron donors for the photoreduction of Ag+ were identified to be reducing sugars and organic acids of low MW. Meanwhile, the stabilization of the formed particles was controlled by both low (0-3 kDa) and high (>3 kDa) MW molecules. This work provides new information for the formation mechanism of metal nanoparticles mediated by RE, which may further our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling and toxicity of heavy metal ions in agricultural and environmental systems. Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) at 1:1 and 1:4 ratios of Cu and S were synthesized, and their respective antifungal efficacy was evaluated against the pathogenic activity of Gibberellafujikuroi(Bakanae disease) in rice (Oryza sativa). In a 2-d in vitro study, CuS decreased G. fujikuroiColony- Forming Units (CFU) compared to controls. In a greenhouse study, treating with CuSNPs at 50 mg/L at the seed stage significantly decreased disease incidence on rice while the commercial Cu-based pesticide Kocide 3000 had no impact on disease. Foliar-applied CuONPs and CuS (1:1) NPs decreased disease incidence by 30.0 and 32.5%, respectively, which outperformed CuS (1:4) NPs (15%) and Kocide 3000 (12.5%). CuS (1:4) NPs also modulated the shoot salicylic acid (SA) and Jasmonic acid (JA) production to enhance the plant defense mechanisms against G. fujikuroiinfection. These results are useful for improving the delivery efficiency of agrichemicals via nano-enabled strategies while minimizing their environmental impact, and advance our understanding of the defense mechanisms triggered by the NPs presence in plants.

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