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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Water Fluoridation Vietnam Health aspects"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 1 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Water Fluoridation Vietnam Health aspects"

1

Shakeri, Ahmad, Christopher Adanty e Howsikan Kugathsan. "Revisiting the ethical framework governing water fluoridation and food fortification". Clinical Ethics 15, n. 4 (31 maggio 2020): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477750920927168.

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Abstract (sommario):

Food fortification and water fluoridation are two public health initiatives that involve the passive consumption of nutrients through food and water supplies. While ethical analyses of food fortification and water fluoridation have been done separately, none have been done together. In this paper, we will consider whether the similarities between food fortification and water fluoridation override their differences and thus what ethical conclusions can be cross-pollinated between the two interventions. This study does three things: first, we review the origin, reasoning and mechanisms behind food fortification and water fluoridation. From there, we deduce the primary ethical dilemma that overshadows food fortification and water fluoridation – they both require a form of deception and are consumed passively without the need for informed consent. Finally, we look at various approaches ethicists have taken to understand the ethical issues surrounding the programs. Two key ethical models appear in this discussion: the justificatory approach and the stewardship model. Beyond these two frameworks, one ethical analysis deduces from the Nuremberg Code that water fluoridation is unethical based on the definition of consent. As recent scientific papers and the general public have started discussing and debating the passive consumption of various drugs via public water supplies, it is prudent that we revisit the ethics behind food fortification and water fluoridation programs; this will ultimately allow us to better navigate complex problems in nutritional ethics and passive delivery.

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2

Oh, H. J., C. H. Kim e J. G. Jeon. "Public Sense of Water Fluoridation as Reflected on Twitter 2009–2017". Journal of Dental Research 99, n. 1 (4 novembre 2019): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034519885610.

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Abstract (sommario):

Though controversial, water fluoridation has been hailed as one of the top-ten public-health achievements of the 20th century in the United States of America. In this article, we aim to investigate the public sense of water fluoridation as reflected on Twitter, using data from 2009 to 2017. To this end, tweets related to water fluoridation were collected using queries such as “fluoridated water or fluoride water,” “water fluoridation or fluoridation of water,” and hashtags related to water fluoridation. The collected tweets ( n = 218,748) were examined through informetric, linguistic (word sentiment, word frequency, and word network analyses), and issue tweet analyses. We found that Twitter users who tweeted about water fluoridation in English between 2009 and 2017 constituted about <0.01% of all users including non-English users. In their tweets, words such as “poison” and “waste” were the strong negative sentiment words most often used. Of the top 30 words most frequently used, words related to information sources on water fluoridation and the safety of water fluoridation appeared more often than words related to its efficacy. Additionally, the words related to information sources on water fluoridation and the safety of water fluoridation were found to be core terms in the sentences of tweet mentions. Our linguistic analyses indicate that Twitter users responded sensitively to words that emphasize negative aspects of fluoridation. This is clearly shown in our issue tweet analysis, where tweet mentions expressing negative opinions about water fluoridation accounted for at least 59.2% of all mentions. By contrast, <15% of tweet mentions were found to be positive. These findings suggest that professionals need to reevaluate the current state of online information about water fluoridation, and improve it in a way so that the public can easily access reliable information sources.

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3

Lennon, M. A., S. Jones e S. M. Woodward. "Some Operational Aspects of School-Milk Fluoridation in St. Helens, Merseyside, UK". Advances in Dental Research 9, n. 2 (luglio 1995): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374950090020601.

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Abstract (sommario):

St. Helens is a small industrial town situated about 20 km east of Liverpool. It lies in an area of social deprivation and, by UK standards, dental caries experience is high (e.g., dmft at 5 years = 2.8; DMFT at 12 years = 2.7). Water fluoridation is an important part of the government's strategy for improving oral health in such areas; however, in large parts of St. Helens, implementation of water fluoridation is complicated by reason of the multiple sources of water supply. The aims of the St. Helens study are therefore to examine the technical, organizational, and legal aspects of the fluoridation of school milk as an alternative public health approach. In the UK, children attending nursery units (kindergartens) from ages 2-4 years and infant schools from ages 4-7 years are eligible for 189 mL of milk to be consumed each day at school. These two schemes are funded or subsidized by the Departments of Health (UK) or the European Community, respectively. A preliminary review of the possibility of using school milk as a vehicle for fluoride has been published recently (Jones et al., 1992). The current paper will review progress over the past 12 months, including the response of schools, dairies, and other organizational considerations.

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4

Moulton, Anthony D., Richard A. Goodman, Kathy Cahill e Edward L. Baker. "Public Health Legal Preparedness for the 21st Century". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 30, n. 2 (2002): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2002.tb00380.x.

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Abstract (sommario):

Law is indispensable to the public's health. The twentieth century proved this true as law contributed to each of the century's ten great public health achievements: vaccination, healthier mothers and babies, family planning, safer and healthier foods, fluoridation of drinking water, the control of infectious diseases, the decline in death from heart disease and stroke, recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard, motor vehicle safety, and safer workplaces.The readers of this journal can give examples of the relevant types of laws with ease: Jacobson v. Massachusetts, the 1905 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of compulsory vaccination; mandatory immunization for school admission; authorization of state prenatal care programs; mandatory fortification of foods; Title X of the Public Health Service Act; the Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906; the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974, and hundreds of state and local enactments regulating food; fluoridation ordinanceswater, and sanitation; the Surgeon General's warning notices on cigarette packs and restrictions on marketing tobacco; seat belt laws and mandated vehicle and highway design features; and laws like the federal Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 that regulate working conditions.

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5

Berman, Micah L., e Annice E. Kim. "Bridging the Gap between Science and Law: The Example of Tobacco Regulatory Science". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 43, S1 (2015): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12227.

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Abstract (sommario):

In the 20th century, public health was responsible for most of the 30-year increase in average life expectancy in the United States.1 Most of the significant advances in public health (e.g., vaccinations, water fluoridation) required the combined effort of scientists and attorneys. Scientists identified public health threats and the means of controlling them, but attorneys and policymakers helped convert those scientific discoveries into laws that could change the behavior of industries or individuals at a population level. In tobacco control, public health scientists made the groundbreaking discovery that smoking caused lung cancer, but attorneys and policymakers developed and implemented the policies and litigation strategies that helped reduce smoking rates by more than half over the past 50 years.

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6

Petersen, P. E., R. J. Baez e M. A. Lennon. "Community-oriented Administration of Fluoride for the Prevention of Dental Caries". Advances in Dental Research 24, n. 1 (18 gennaio 2012): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034511429349.

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Abstract (sommario):

Dental caries is the most prevalent chronic disease affecting human populations around the world. It is recognized that fluoride plays a significant role in dental caries reduction. Meanwhile, several low- and middle-income countries of Asia have not yet implemented systematic fluoride programs; contributing factors relate to misconceptions about the mechanisms of fluoride, low priority given to oral health in national health policy and strategic plans, and lack of interest among public health administrators. A workshop on the effective use of fluoride in Asia took place in Phang-Nga, Thailand, in 2011. A series of country presentations addressed some of the topics mentioned above; in addition, speakers from countries of the region provided examples of successful fluoride interventions and discussed program limitations, barriers encountered, and solutions, as well as possibilities for expanding coverage. Participants acknowledged that automatic fluoridation through water, salt, and milk is the most effective and equitable strategy for the prevention of dental caries. Concerns were expressed that government-subsidized community fluoride prevention programs may face privatization. In addition, the use of affordable fluoride-containing toothpastes should be encouraged. The workshop identified: strengths and weaknesses of ongoing community-based fluoride programs, as well as the interest of countries in a particular method; the requirement for World Health Organization (WHO) technical assistance on various aspects, including fluoridation process, feasibility studies, and implementation of effective epidemiological surveillance of the program; exchange of information; and the need for inter-country collaboration. It was acknowledged that program process and evaluation at the local and country levels need further dissemination. The meeting was co-sponsored by the World Health Organization, the International Association for Dental Research, and the World Dental Federation.

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Tesi sul tema "Water Fluoridation Vietnam Health aspects"

1

Dharmshaktu, Neha. "A review of the effect of high fluoride content of water on health and environment and the strategy adopted for its prevention and control, with special reference to India". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194569.

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Abstract (sommario):

This study aimed to (1) review the reported levels of fluoride in drinking waters, food stuffs and other environmental media around the world, and the current magnitude of prevalence of fluorosis observed in human being and animals, with special reference to India and (2) critically evaluate the strategy adopted for prevention and control of the fluorosis problem in India by conducting questionnaire surveys with professionals from 11 endemic districts, and high school students of two schools located at an endemic area with high fluorosis incidences. Through a comprehensive literature review, it was able to identify 18 endemic states in India with high fluoride levels in their drinking waters while having various degrees of fluorosis problems. These states were further classified into three categories, namely high (>10 mg/L fluoride in drinking waters), moderate (5-9.9 mg/L) and low (1-4.9 mg/L) endemic regions. There were five, nine and four states falling into the high, moderate and low endemic categories, respectively. High fluoride concentrations were observed in the soil near industrial sites, foodstuffs and beverages, and tea leaves. Also, adverse effects of fluoride on terrestrial and aquatic plants, terrestrial vertebrates and invertebrates, and aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates, were observed and demonstrated in laboratory conditions. The questionnaire survey with Indian professionals in 11 fluoride endemic districts found that although all districts had received funds for combating fluorosis problems, there had been delays in executing the associated health promotion, monitoring and treatment programmes in some districts and the utilisation of the fund for the programmes was quite slow. Staff appointment, staff training, medical treatment provision, education and awareness activities, referral hospital facility provision, vehicle facility, monthly reporting, clinical survey and water and urine samples testing, timely monitoring and supervision, and involvement of various medical staff, were found to be inadequate in most districts. In the questionnaire survey conducted at the two high schools, one of the schools (school A) was supplied with alternate source of filtered water (i.e., with normal fluoride concentration) and the second school (school B) was one, which had non-defluoridated ground water supply for drinking (i.e., with high fluoride concentration). This survey found that the awareness about signs of fluorosis, field visit of health worker, cause and preventability of fluorosis, and perception of spread of fluorosis, was comparatively better amongst students of school A than that of school B. Both the schools’ students had positive attitude towards cooperation, prevention and control efforts being made for fluorosis.
published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management

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2

Thánh, Nguy~e̊n Thuy. "The relationship between fluoride concentration in drinking water with dental caries and fluorosis in Vietnamese children". 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DSM/09dsmn576.pdf.

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Abstract (sommario):

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 232-247). Obtained information on dental caries and fluorosis among a representative sample of Vietnamese children. Also collected information on factors likely to influence caries experience and dental fluorosis and undertook statistical analyses to examine the relationship between fluoride in drinking water, dental caries and dental fluorosis

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Libri sul tema "Water Fluoridation Vietnam Health aspects"

1

Doumit, Mounir A. Intérêt de la fluoruration des eaux au Liban. Beirut: Département des publications de l'Université libanaise, 1995.

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2

United States. Public Health Service. Committee to Coordinate Environmental Health and Related Programs. Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Fluoride. Review of fluoride benefits and risks: Report of the Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Fluoride of the Committee to Coordinate Environmental Health and Related Programs. [Washington]: Public Health Service, Dept. of Health and Human Services, 1991.

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3

S, Beck James, e Micklem H. S, a cura di. The case against fluoride: How hazardous waste ended up in our drinking water and the bad science and powerful politics that keep it there. White River Junction, Vt: Chelsea Green Pub., 2010.

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4

editor, Dahi Eli. Proceedings of the first international workshop on fluorosis and defluoridation of water, Ngurdoto, Tanzania, October 18-22, 1995. A cura di Dahi Eli. Auckland, N.Z: International Society for Fluoride Research, 1995.

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5

Judd, Gerard F. Fluoridation of American drinking water: A failed and flawed practice with purpose of preventing cavities, affidavit with references. Glendale, AZ (6615 W. Lupine, Glendale 85304): G.F. Judd, 1994.

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6

Judd, Gerard F. Fluoridation of American drinking water: A failed and flawed practice with purpose of preventing cavities, affidavit with references. Glendale, AZ (6615 W. Lupine, Glendale 85304): G.F. Judd, 1994.

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7

Judd, Gerard F. Fluoridation of American drinking water: A failed and flawed practice with purpose of preventing cavities, affidavit with references. Glendale, AZ (6615 W. Lupine, Glendale 85304): G.F. Judd, 1994.

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8

Ronsivalli, Louis J. Fluoridation of public water supplies: The motives that drive the two sides of the issue. Methuen, MA: Mermakk Publications, 1998.

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9

Great Britain. Working Party on the Fluoridation of Water and Cancer. Fluoridation of water and cancer: A review of the epidemiological evidence : report. London: H.M.S.O., 1985.

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10

1940-, Graham John Remington, e Parent, Gilles, 1948, January 3-, a cura di. La fluoration: Autopsie d'une erreur scientifique. Eastman, QC: Éditions Berger, 2005.

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