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Articoli di riviste sul tema "War – Psychology"

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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 26 luglio 2024

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1

Appleby, Louis. "Phoney war psychology". Psychiatric Bulletin 15, n. 5 (maggio 1991): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.15.5.291.

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One curious image of the earliest Gulf fighting was a TV journalist standing in front of an acre of rubble in Tel Aviv and insisting, “The main effect of this Scud attack was psychological.‘’. What made it more curious was that after what had gone before, it was easy to believe him. Because, deprived of substantial news by a lack of action and the censorship of both sides, journalists had for weeks presented a procession of “psychological” angles, although they were more a clue to what the word means to the press.

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2

Sloboda, John. "The war, what war? Psychology in denial". DECP Debate 1, n. 107 (settembre 2003): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsdeb.2003.1.107.5.

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3

Zeigarnik, B. V., e S. Ya Rubinshtein. "Psychology during the War". Soviet Review 28, n. 1 (aprile 1987): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rss1061-1428280174.

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4

Zeigarnik, B. V., e S. Ya Rubinshtein. "Psychology during the War". Soviet Psychology 25, n. 1 (ottobre 1986): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rpo1061-0405250113.

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5

Sherman, Nancy. "The moral psychology of war". Philosophers' Magazine, n. 50 (2010): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/tpm20105077.

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6

Ivezic, Sladana. "Psychology and Psychiatry of War". International Journal of Group Psychotherapy 44, n. 2 (aprile 1994): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207284.1994.11490751.

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7

McNally, R. J. "PSYCHOLOGY: Psychiatric Casualties of War". Science 313, n. 5789 (18 agosto 2006): 923–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1132242.

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8

Steinhart, Norman. "Group Psychology, Sacrifice, and War". Peace Review 17, n. 1 (gennaio 2005): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14631370500291948.

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9

Arya, Neil. "Just war, psychology and terrorism". Medicine, Conflict and Survival 24, n. 2 (aprile 2008): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13623690801950435.

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10

Zhukov, V. N. "E. Fromm: Psychology of war". Право и государство: теория и практика, n. 1 (2023): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47643/1815-1337_2023_1_12.

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11

Watkins, Hanne M. "The Morality of War: A Review and Research Agenda". Perspectives on Psychological Science 15, n. 2 (31 gennaio 2020): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691619885872.

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What is judged as morally right and wrong in war? I argue that despite many decades of research on moral psychology and the psychology of intergroup conflict, social psychology does not yet have a good answer to this question. However, it is a question of great importance because its answer has implications for decision-making in war, public policy, and international law. I therefore suggest a new way for psychology researchers to study the morality of war that combines the strengths of philosophical just-war theory with experimental techniques and theories developed for the psychological study of morality more generally. This novel approach has already begun to elucidate the moral judgments third-party observers make in war, and I demonstrate that these early findings have important implications for moral psychology, just-war theory, and the understanding of the morality of war.

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12

Tetlock, Philip E. "The Psychology of War and Peace". Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 32, n. 7 (luglio 1987): 655–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/027328.

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13

Phipps, Sean. "Positive psychology and war: An oxymoron." American Psychologist 66, n. 7 (2011): 641–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0024933.

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14

Herman, E. "The Career of Cold War Psychology*". Radical History Review 1995, n. 63 (1 ottobre 1995): 53–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1995-63-53.

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15

Gibson, Stephen. "Social Psychology, War and Peace: Towards a Critical Discursive Peace Psychology". Social and Personality Psychology Compass 5, n. 5 (maggio 2011): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00348.x.

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16

Hacker Hughes, Jamie, M. McCauley e L. Wilson. "History of military psychology". Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 165, n. 2 (9 novembre 2018): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2018-001048.

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Military psychology is a specialist discipline within applied psychology. It entails the application of psychological science to military operations, systems and personnel. The specialty was formally founded during World War I in the UK and the USA, and it was integral to many early concepts and interventions for psychological and neuropsychological trauma. It also established a fundamental basis for the psychological assessment and selection of military personnel. During and after World War II, military psychology continued to make significant contributions to aviation psychology, cognitive testing, rehabilitation psychology and many models of psychotherapy. Military psychology now consists of several subspecialties, including clinical, research and occupational psychology, with the latter often referred to in the USA as industrial/organisational psychology. This article will provide an overview of the origins, history and current composition of military psychology in the UK, with select international illustrations also being offered.

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17

Jervis, Robert. "Leadership, Post-Cold War Politics, and Psychology". Political Psychology 15, n. 4 (dicembre 1994): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3791635.

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18

Freedman, Lawrence D., Robert Pois, Philip Langer e Stephen Peter Rosen. "Command Failure in War: Psychology and Leadership". Foreign Affairs 84, n. 1 (2005): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20034233.

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19

Wagner, Richard V. "Psychology and the threat of nuclear war." American Psychologist 40, n. 5 (maggio 1985): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.40.5.531.

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20

Webel, Charles, e Charles Fisher. "The Group Psychology of War and Peace". Peace Review 25, n. 2 (aprile 2013): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2013.785319.

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21

Christie, Daniel J., e Cristina J. Montiel. "Contributions of psychology to war and peace." American Psychologist 68, n. 7 (ottobre 2013): 502–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032875.

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22

Connelly, Owen. ":Command Failure in War: Psychology and Leadership". American Historical Review 110, n. 3 (giugno 2005): 766–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.110.3.766.

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23

Holt, Robert R. "The Political Psychology of the Gulf War". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 182, n. 8 (agosto 1994): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199408000-00012.

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24

Blight, James G., Robert Jervis, Richard Ned Lebow, Janice Gross Stein, Patrick M. Morgan e Jack L. Snyder. "The New Psychology of War and Peace". International Security 11, n. 3 (1986): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2538890.

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25

Pilisuk, Marc, e Ines-Lena Mahr. "Psychology and the Prevention of War Trauma". Journal for Social Action in Counseling & Psychology 7, n. 1 (1 giugno 2015): 122–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/jsacp.7.1.122-142.

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Abstract (sommario):

The role of professional psychology in providing assistance to soldiers and veterans was highlighted by an issue of the American Psychologist devoted to a program for using positive psychology for resilience training. Shortcomings of that approach led to AP agreeing to publish another issue on alternative perspectives. This article reviewed for that issue but was not accepted by their reviewers. Since it is critical of the relation between the American Psychological Association and US military, readers deserve the opportunity to see what was rejected. Psychologists have an obligation to provide a full measure of options for addressing soldier distress including those that might encourage release from service. Psychologists also have an ethical obligation to question the rationale by a sponsoring organization, the armed services, for exposing the soldier recipients of psychological services to unwarranted risks of preventable wars. Application of positive psychology to resilience training in the current military system fails to meet these responsibilities.

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26

DOBRE, Cristian. "War Psychology and the Military Moral Dilemmas". Romanian Military Thinking 2022, n. 4 (dicembre 2022): 294–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.4.17.

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"The article presents one of the most significant psychological aspects experienced by the military during their operations – ethics and morality. Thus, it dives deeper into the idea of “war psychology”, to then analyse the biggest ethical and moral dilemmas of the military during battle. Far from exhausting the subject, the article wants to draw attention to the fact that, in the end, the military is still human, and in the absence of adequate preparation for combat and adequate post-action psychological support at the end of the conflict, moral wounds can appear, which, most of the time, are as painful and devastating as the physical ones."

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27

Graham, Kirk Robert. "Germany on the Couch: Psychology and the Development of British Subversive Propaganda to Nazi Germany". Journal of Contemporary History 54, n. 3 (12 gennaio 2018): 487–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009417739365.

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New developments in social psychology proliferated in Britain and the USA throughout the 1930s. With the advent of war, psychology promised insight into the Nazi mind. Some war departments were particularly enthusiastic about these intellectual developments. The USA’s OSS can claim credit for bringing Frankfurt School neo-Freudianism onto the public stage. In Britain meanwhile, the Ministry of Information turned to behaviourism in order to better understand the British public. But the propagandists of the Political Warfare Executive (PWE), charged with the subversion of enemy morale, were wary of new perspectives. Psychology was valuable only so long as it was practical. For PWE, this meant that psychopathological orientations, which emphasized ahistorical German distinction, were for much of the war favoured over behaviourism or neo-Freudianism. This article examines the role that psychology played in British subversive propaganda directed at Nazi Germany during the Second World War. Did psychology offer any answers to the ‘German problem'? And what made PWE distinct from contemporary propaganda organizations? PWE's particular engagement with psychology demonstrates the diverse and often culturally contingent ways in which psychology transitioned from the academy to the public sphere, and offers new insight into British wartime perspectives on Nazi Germany.

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28

Richards, Graham. "C.K. Ogden’s Basic Role in Inter-War British Psychology". History & Philosophy of Psychology 9, n. 1 (2007): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpshpp.2007.9.1.56.

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The role of C.K. Ogden (1889-1957) in British Psychology between the two world wars, while considerable, has now become almost invisible to historians of Psychology. The present paper attempts to redress this, and suggest some explanations. While enduringly remembered as co-author with I.A. Richards ofThe Meaning of Meaning(1923), the central reason for his neglect in the history of Psychology context has, it is suggested, been that his contribution lay at the editorial level. In this role he created and oversaw Kegan Paul, Trench & Trübner’sInternational Library of Psychology, Philosophy and Scientific Method, as well as the journalPsyche, two spin-off series from this, and the popularToday and Tomorrowseries. Moreover, Ogden’s passionate interest in language had a deep effect on the character of post–1945 British Psychology via the support which he gave to ‘the linguistic turn’ in British philosophy and the resulting appreciation of the importance of conceptual analysis.

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29

Richards, Arnold D. "Book Review: War Is Not Inevitable: On the Psychology of War and Aggression". Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 64, n. 3 (giugno 2016): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003065116652394.

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30

Petrenko, Viktor F. "Marlborough has left for the war: An excursion of psychosemantics to linguistics". Journal of Psycholinguistic, n. 3 (29 settembre 2022): 11–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30982/2077-5911-2022-53-3-11-31.

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The article is intended to familiarize linguists with the insights and practices of Russian psychology related to the issues of meaning and language. Psychology has not yet become a fundamental science integrating general theoretical knowledge [Wilber 2016]; it represents rather disparate fields of study (personality psychology, social psychology, neuropsychology, consulting psychology, psychotherapy, psychological group training, developmental psychology, organizational psychology, psychology of art, family psychology, sports psychology, etc.) and rather heterogeneous schools, differing in methods and reasoning (psychoanalysis, behaviorism, gestalt psychology, cognitive psychology, activity theory, humanistic and transpersonal psychology, etc.). Psycholinguists (e.g., A.A. Leontiev, I.A. Zimnya, E.F. Tarasov, T.N. Ushakova) studies, above all, generation of a speech statement and communication problems, whereas the works in the field of psychosemantics are focused on studying consciousness and the unconscious, as well as contents of social mentality. The emphasis of this article is primarily placed on the psychosemantic approach in psychology.

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31

Henson, H. Keith. "Evolutionary Psychology, Memes and the Origin of War". Mankind Quarterly 46, n. 4 (2006): 443–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.46469/mq.2006.46.4.3.

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32

Shimko, Keith L., H. W. Brands, John Lewis Gaddis e Melvyn P. Leffler. "Psychology and Cold War History: A Review Essay". Political Psychology 15, n. 4 (dicembre 1994): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3791641.

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33

Holt, Robert R. "On the relevance of psychology to preventing war." American Psychologist 43, n. 4 (1988): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.43.4.323.b.

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34

Smith, M. Brewster. "Psychology and war-avoidance: On Blight's blighted view." American Psychologist 43, n. 4 (aprile 1988): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.43.4.325.

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35

Ryan, Joseph W. "Command Failure in War: Psychology and Leadership (review)". Journal of Military History 69, n. 4 (2005): 1223–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2005.0249.

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36

Williams, Charlie. "Public psychology and the Cold War brainwashing scare". History & Philosophy of Psychology 21, n. 1 (2020): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpshpp.2020.21.1.21.

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In 1950, a new word ‘brainwashing’ entered the English language. Though its meaning was always ambiguous and continuously evolving, it captured various concerns about the future uses of psychology in warfare and domestic life and the potential for new technologies to control and manipulate human minds. Recent scholarship on what historians have called the ‘Cold War brainwashing scare’ has tended to treat brainwashing as a Cold War paranoia or fantasy that not only was never to be, but was never really supported by scientific research. Drawing on recent scholarship and my own research, this paper examines some of the interactions between experts and popular discourses on brainwashing. For many experts, the Cold War brainwashing scare offered an opportunity to engage the public with contemporary psychological theory and research. But it was by no means a discussion over which they had complete control. It will be argued that the popular debate about brainwashing was not only a question of dealing with scientific ‘facts’, but existed in a more diverse imaginary concerned as much with present realities, as it was with future possibilities. Much in the same way that stories about artificial intelligence are reported today, discussions of techniques of brainwashing were often accompanied by speculation both wild and grounded about how new technology may be used in the future and by whom. This paper covers three examples: Korean War military psychiatrists, the popular theories of William Sargant and the field of experimental research known broadly as sensory deprivation. It concludes with some observations about current concerns about psychological manipulation in the digital age and the role psychology expertise plays in navigating these concerns.

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37

Duckett, Paul, e Serdar Değirmencioğlu. "War, peace and community psychology special section editorial". Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 27, n. 4 (luglio 2017): 271–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/casp.2324.

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38

Morrison, Gary. "Alexander, Combat Psychology, And Persepolis". Antichthon 35 (novembre 2001): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066477400001234.

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‘What men will fight for seems to be worth looking into’H.L. MenckenHistorians have long studied warfare, albeit within a selective framework that includes dates, places, and the description of tactics. Moreover, explanations of ‘why’ and ‘how’ conflicts occur seldom deviate from the political or the long term strategic outlook. It is only recently that we have come to qualify the effect war has on combatants and civilians alike, and how actions and choices in war can also be explained by the stresses to which participants are exposed. Studies such as Jonathon Shay's Achilles in Vietnam and Lawrence Tritle's From Melos to My Lai in part demonstrably link such psychological trauma with the destructive and savage actions undertaken by soldiers in the conflicts of every epoch. It seems reasonable, therefore, that our growing understanding of combat psychology in the twentieth century A.D. may help us unravel problematic events in history, or at least provide a new way to approach old questions.

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39

Wagner, Richard V., e Arline L. Bronzaft. "Sprinkling Psychology Courses with Peace". Teaching of Psychology 14, n. 2 (aprile 1987): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top1402_2.

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The field of psychology has paid little attention to the most crucial issue facing our world: the threat of nuclear devastation. We propose that psychology teachers help to promote a more active consideration of psychology and peace/war in the nuclear age by including the topic in their courses. We suggest specific ways to incorporate this issue into psychology courses, with special reference to courses in social psychology and personality.

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40

Rasickaitė, Ignė. "The Fate of Psychology in Lithuanian Higher Education Institutions during World War II". Lietuvos istorijos studijos 50 (30 dicembre 2022): 110–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.2022.50.6.

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This paper examines the fate of psychology as an academic field of study in Lithuanian universities during World War II. During the period of independent Lithuania, thanks to the first psychologists, psychology existed as a science and found its place in the main and only higher education institution of the time, the Lithuanian University (later – Vytautas Magnus University). After the regaining of Vilnius, some of the psychologists stayed at Vytautas Magnus University and some were transfered from Kaunas to the regained Vilnius University. During World War II, Vytautas Magnus University lost all of its psychologists, and Vilnius University also lost several psychologists. However, even under the conditions of occupation and adverse war conditions, psychology survived at the university. Although psychology established itself as a separate scientific discipline in independent Lithuania, it hadn‘t become one either during the Nazi occupation or the first or second Soviet occupations, instead existing alongside the science of pedagogy in Lithuanian higher education institutions, even with a small group of researchers.

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Postnikova, Yekaterina G., Artyom E. Lyubetsky e Ksenia G. Sennikova. "Battlefield diary as a source for war-anthropological research (based on the ego-documents of submarine sailor G.I. Sennikov)". LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, Extra-D (10 luglio 2021): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020217extra-d1072p.99-110.

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The research is relevant due to the fact that historical, anthropological and psychological study of new ego-documents provides a significant resource for understanding the present time and social forecasting. The purpose of the article is to study ego-documents written during the Great Patriotic War by G.I. Sennikov, the submarine sailor of the Northern Fleet, with the help of contemporary historical, anthropological and psychological approaches. The research of this source of private origin was proven to be productive in the context of principal directions and key issues of war-historical anthropology: psychology of combat and combatants, soldiers’ fatalism, the psychology of the interpersonal interactions of service members, psychology of the war-time daily routine, history of emotions. The biographical method allowed to reconstruct the life story of Georgiy Sennikov, his comrades-in-arms and commanding officers back, and moreover, to present the events of the Great Patriotic War as a defining moment of his life and creative work.

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42

Stewart, John. "Child Guidance in Scotland 1918–1955: Psychiatry versus Psychology?" History & Philosophy of Psychology 12, n. 2 (2010): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpshpp.2010.12.2.26.

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This paper analyses the emergence of child guidance in Scotland from its origins in the 1920s through to the mid-1950s, by which time it was legislatively embedded in the post-war welfare state. It argues that the Scottish experience of child guidance was predominantly based on psychology rather than, as elsewhere in Great Britain, psychiatry; and that this was to have policy implications particularly as legislative provision came to be widely discussed during the Second World War. On one level, therefore, the Scottish version of child guidance won out over the medically based and psychiatrically oriented version which had been strongly promoted in the inter-war era. This was not unproblematic, however, as psychiatrists continued to lay claim to the field and psychology itself suffered a crisis of confidence just as it appeared to be gaining ownership of the child guidance project.

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M.A., Manoilova. "Human psychology in extreme conditions occupation of the Pskov region during the Great Patriotic War". International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 9, n. 08 (4 agosto 2021): 658–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v9i8.sh01.

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The article is aimed at understanding human psychology during the Nazi occupation at the regional level in the context of personal history. The psychology of a civilian in extreme military conditions has not been sufficiently researched, and the reason lies in an interdisciplinary approach. All researchers of military psychology emphasize that the psychology of a person who is in extreme conditions, which are military actions, significantly differs from the psychology of a person in peaceful conditions in specific features, states and qualities. In extreme conditions, both the lowest and the highest qualities of the human spirit are clearly manifested in a person. The entire military psychology of a person is formed during a war and persists for a long time after hostilities. The article presents four personal stories of the inhabitants of the occupied Pskov territory during the Great Patriotic War, which state the presence of constant anxiety, fear and despair. The article discusses the main conditions of a person in extreme conditions, the stages of their development. In all extreme situations, a person's moral conditioning and mental state play a decisive role; they determine the readiness for deliberate, confident and prudent actions in critical moments. It is concluded that the use of field research to collect the oral personal history of civilians can significantly enrich knowledge about human psychology in the extreme conditions of the Great Patriotic War.

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Louw, Johann. "World War II, Industry, and the Professionalization of South African Psychology". South African Journal of Psychology 17, n. 2 (giugno 1987): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124638701700201.

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Two institutions were created in South Africa during the Second World War, which significantly influenced the development of South African psychology. These were the Personnel Research Section of the Leather Industries Research Institute, and the Aptitude Tests Section of the South African Air Force. It is argued that this formed a significant advance in the professionalization of psychology in this country, as it institutionalized psychology as a discipline outside the universities for the first time.

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Gao, Zhipeng, e Thomas Teo. "Introduction: Theorizing the psychology of deglobalization". Theory & Psychology 33, n. 2 (aprile 2023): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09593543221140874.

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The unprecedented pace and scope of globalization over the past half century have had major impacts on the field of psychology. We observe that since the 2008 financial crisis, there have been increased academic and political concerns with “deglobalization,” which is often associated with terrorism, xenophobia, authoritarianism, Brexit, the US–China trade war, the Russian war on Ukraine, and the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that the phenomenon of deglobalization is historically uncertain but intellectually and politically significant enough to warrant analysis. Thus, in this special issue, we begin to theorize the psychology of deglobalization by addressing several foundational issues: the major manifestations of deglobalization in relation to psychosocial life, the dialectical relations between globalization and deglobalization, and possible ways to respond to the challenges of deglobalization. In the meantime, we flesh out these theoretical perspectives using the cases of nationalism, neoliberalism, White supremacy, far-right politics, dehumanization, isolationism, and trade conflicts.

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Bhattacharjee, Debanjan, AdeshKumar Agrawal e GuruS Gowda. "Revisiting World War 2 through the Lens of Psychology". World Social Psychiatry 3, n. 2 (2021): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/wsp.wsp_19_21.

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47

Intriligator, Michael D., e Dagobert L. Brito. "The potential contribution of psychology to nuclear war issues." American Psychologist 43, n. 4 (aprile 1988): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.43.4.318.

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48

Blight, James G. "Can Psychology Help Reduce the Risk of Nuclear War?" Journal of Humanistic Psychology 28, n. 2 (aprile 1988): 7–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022167888282002.

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49

García-García, Juan. "After the Great War: Nationalism, Degenerationism and Mass Psychology". Journal of Social and Political Psychology 3, n. 1 (27 aprile 2015): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v3i1.371.

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Abstract (sommario):

This article explores the influence of psychological language and discourses on the contemporary view of nationalism, an issue that has only begun to be studied in recent years (García-García, 2013; Sluga, 2006). On this occasion, the author focuses on two currents or schools that contributed decisively to the new view of nationalism after the Great War: first, degenerationist medicine and psychiatry, highly accepted in the European social and political debate since the late 19th century; second, and no less penetrating, the crowd or mass psychology of Taine, Tarde, Sighele, and, above all, Gustave Le Bon. After the Great War, as we shall see, nationalism was often represented as a form of degeneration, or a barbarous and cruel regression to a prior stage of development, embodied by the masses. This discourse and rhetoric was to condition the area of study for generations. In fact, the voices of medicine, psychiatry and mass psychology have not disappeared from the debate and continue to directly and indirectly influence the academic and popular comprehension of nationalism.

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Hanna, Martha. "Gustave LeBon and the psychology of the great war". Society 37, n. 4 (maggio 2000): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02912292.

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