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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Wages"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 31 agosto 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Wages"

ÓCIO, DOMINGO ZURRON. "Salários e política salarial". Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 6, n. 2 (aprile 1986): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31571986-2005.

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RESUMO A partir de dados alternativos, construímos um Índice Geral de Salários para a indústria de transformação, entre 1961 e 1984. Sua desagregação permitiu analisar a evolução dos salários reais e das remunerações reais das oito categorias profissionais. Verificamos que os rendimentos dependem, em primeiro lugar, da condução do ciclo econômico e, secundariamente, de fatores relacionados à estrutura organizacional empresarial, movimento sindical e política salarial do governo. O salário-mínimo oficial não parece determinar a taxa salarial; seu maior impacto diz respeito ao setor informal.

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Knell, Markus. "Efficiency wages, staggered wages, and union wage-setting". Oxford Economic Papers 66, n. 3 (24 marzo 2014): 848–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpu016.

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Putera, Zulfikar. "IMPLEMENTASI UPAH MINIMUM KOTA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN PEKERJA DI KOTA KENDARI (Studi di Kota Kendari)". Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan 9, n. 2 (20 dicembre 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/kewarganegaraan.v9i2.7555.

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The implementation of Kendari City Minimum Wage has not gone well, there is no regulation that can accommodate the interests of workers and companies, the interpretation that minimum wages are basic wages and other benefits wages need to be continued that the minimum wage is the basic wage other than the wages of other benefitsKeyword : Minimum Wage, Welfare

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Tyler, Denise, Olga Khavjou, Melissa Hunter, Marie Squillace, Judith Dey e Iara Oliveira. "EFFECT OF STATE WAGE POLICIES ON DIRECT CARE WORKER WAGES". Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1 novembre 2022): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.987.

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Abstract Direct care workers (DCWs) have low wages and some states have tried to improve their wages through policies such as Medicaid wage pass-throughs and wage floors specific to DCWs. The purpose of this study was to examine the wages of DCWs in comparison to those of other entry level workers and assess the effect of state wage policies on changes in DCW wages. We analyzed state-level hourly wages using Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data for two categories of DCWs separately—(1) home health and personal care aides and (2) nursing assistants and compared these to wages for other entry-level workers. Results show that many states that implemented policies to improve the wages of DCWs reduced the gap between these workers’ wages and the wages of other entry-level workers, but the gap was still substantial in many states. Additional efforts will be needed to increase DCW wages.

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Hirasawa, Katsuhiko, e Wenjing Shi. "The Structure of Wage and Salary Administration in Japan". NCC Journal 8, n. 1 (31 dicembre 2023): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nccj.v8i1.63740.

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The purpose of this paper is to reveal the basic structure of wage administration in Japan. Total wages are the subject of labor-management negotiations in Japan. The base wage (average rate) serves as a basis for negotiations. This means that wage negotiations in Japan are conducted between labor and management within the framework of administration. Negotiations over average wages were proposed by the government immediately after the defeat in the war to stabilize prices. Originally, labor unions demanded minimum wages by age group. However, the method of negotiation over average wages has been rooted in the rise of labor-management cooperative labor unions. In this way, a structure has been established in which total wages are determined through negotiations over average wages on the assumption of labor-management cooperative labor unions, and total wages are allocated to individual employees based on seniority. This, along with the centralization of wage negotiations to management and labor union leaders, has led to a decline in employee interest in wages through the backdown of wage negotiations in the workplace.

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Chapman, Leah Elizabeth, Seth A. Berkowitz, Alice Ammerman, Molly De Marco, Shu Wen Ng, Catherine Zimmer e Caitlin E. Caspi. "Association between hourly wages and dietary intake after the first phase of implementation of the Minneapolis minimum wage ordinance". Public Health Nutrition 24, n. 11 (26 febbraio 2021): 3552–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980021000707.

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AbstractObjective:In 2018, Minneapolis began phased implementation of an ordinance to increase the local minimum wage to $15/h. We sought to determine whether the first phase of implementation was associated with changes in frequency of consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V), whole-grain-rich foods, and foods high in added sugars among low-wage workers.Design:Natural experiment.Setting:The Wages Study is a prospective cohort study of 974 low-wage workers followed throughout the phased implementation of the ordinance (2018–2022). We used difference-in-difference analysis to compare outcomes among workers in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to those in a comparison city (Raleigh, North Carolina). We assessed wages using participants’ pay stubs and dietary intake using the National Cancer Institute Dietary Screener Questionnaire.Participants:Analyses use the first two waves of Wages data (2018 (baseline), 2019) and includes 267 and 336 low-wage workers in Minneapolis and Raleigh, respectively.Results:After the first phase of implementation, wages increased in both cities, but the increase was $0·84 greater in Minneapolis (P = 0·02). However, the first phase of the policy’s implementation was not associated with changes in daily frequency of consumption of F&V (IRR = 1·03, 95 % CI: 0·86, 1·24, P = 0·73), whole-grain-rich foods (IRR = 1·23, 95 % CI: 0·89, 1·70, P = 0·20), or foods high in added sugars (IRR = 1·13, 95 % CI: 0·86, 1·47, P = 0·38) among workers in Minneapolis compared to Raleigh.Conclusions:The first phase of implementation of the Minneapolis minimum wage policy was associated with increased wages, but not with changes in dietary intake. Future research should examine whether full implementation is associated dietary changes.

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Aldan, Altan, e Hatice Burcu Gürcihan Yüncüler. "Real wages and the business cycle in Turkey". Acta Oeconomica 72, n. 1 (25 marzo 2022): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2022.00006.

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Abstract The article analyzes the direction and scope of the responsiveness of real wages to the business cycle in Turkey using longitudinal data from 2005 to 2015. We found that wages in Turkey are procyclical; one percentage point increase in the unemployment rate induces a 0.6% decline in real wages. There is a variation in the patterns along the lines of wage distribution among the subgroups with relations to skills. Less-educated workers have acyclical wages. Compatible with this evidence, we found that the workers who earn around the minimum wage also have acyclical wages. High share of minimum wage earners suppresses wage cyclicality. Consistent with strict employment protection legislation and loose wage determination, wages of relatively high-income employees who mostly have formal work arrangements are procyclical.

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Acharya, Sarthi. "Wages and wage determination". Indian Journal of Labour Economics 60, n. 3 (settembre 2017): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41027-018-0108-5.

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Meriküll, Jaanika, e Pille Mõtsmees. "Do you get what you ask? The gender gap in desired and realised wages". International Journal of Manpower 38, n. 6 (4 settembre 2017): 893–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-11-2015-0197.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study gender differences in wage bargaining by comparing the unexplained wage gap in desired, realised and reservation wages. Design/methodology/approach The notion of desired wages is applied, which shows workers’ first bet to potential employers during the job-search process. A large job-search data set is drawn from the main Estonian electronic job-search site CV Keskus. Findings It is found that the unexplained gender wage gap is around 20 per cent in desired wages and in realised wages, which supports the view that the gender income gap in expectations compares well with the realised income gap. The unexplained gender wage gap is larger in desired wages than in reservation wages for unemployed individuals, and this suggests that women ask for wages that are closer to their reservation wages men do. Occupational and sectoral mobility is unable to explain a significant additional part of the gender wage gap. Originality/value The paper adds to the scarce empirical evidence on the role of the non-experimental wage negotiation process in the gender wage gap. In addition, the authors seek to explain one of the largest unexplained gender wage gaps in Europe, the one in Estonia, by introducing a novel set of variables for occupational and sectoral mobility from a lengthy retrospective panel.

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Elma Suci Oktaviyani e Ratna Yunita. "Sistem Pemberian Upah Untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Anak Buah Kapal Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah". Niqosiya: Journal of Economics and Business Research 4, n. 01 (25 giugno 2024): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/niqosiya.v4i01.3198.

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Wages or ijarah are an important component in the world of work because wages are directly related to workers' welfare. According to Islamic economic theory, wages must contain the principle of justice in them. This research aims to determine and analyze the wage system to improve the welfare of Putra Samudra's crew members and to determine and analyze the implementation of the ship crew's wage system from a Sharia economic perspective. This research is field research using qualitative methods. The research results show that 1) The wage system implemented on the Putra Samudra Ship uses a time-term wage system consisting of daily wages and weekly wages. With these two systems in place, the amount of wages that must be paid by the Putra Samudra ship is not yet high when compared to the risks faced by the crew. However, to improve the welfare of fishermen, ship owners use a bonus wage system that can be used to meet the needs of fishermen and their families. 2) Based on the Sharia economic perspective regarding the implementation of the wage system on the Putra Samudra ship, in practice there is injustice in the giving of wages to the crew by the ship owner, namely the equality of nominal bonus wages between diligent fishermen and lazy fishermen.

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Tesi sul tema "Wages"

Lydon, Reamonn. "Wages determination, wage subsidies and training". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2004. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/88469/.

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In the economics literature, there has been a resurgent interest in measures of subjective well-being. This literature finds mixed results for the relationship between job satisfaction and earnings. We argue that this is due to the fact that earnings in a job satisfaction regression are endogenous. We estimate a job satisfaction equation that includes exogenous variation in earnings. We find that earnings have a consistently significant, but small positive effect on job satisfaction, and that relative earnings also matter. Despite over fifty years of research into the returns to education around the world, there has been no unified effort to analyse why the returns differ so significantly both over time and across countries. We specify two models where the returns to education are affected both directly and indirectly by changes in technology over time. Both models show that a large proportion of the variation in the returns to education can be explained by changes and differences in technology. Through the Working Tax Credit and Child Tax Credit, the UK government currently subsidises the wages of around 6.3 million low-paid workers. The long-run implications of the tax credits for these workers have only been evaluated in terms of their effects on labour supply. We estimate the impact of the tax credits on wage growth and the take-up of training. We find no significant differences in the average wage growth of individuals receiving and not receiving the tax credits. We find that training is affected, with those individuals close to coming off welfare much more likely to take up training than individuals who face the prospect of staying on welfare for a long time.

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Yoon, Yo-Un. "The effects of unexpected inflation on real wages : an analysis of wage stickiness /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9823322.

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Yan, Se. "Real wages and wage inequality in China 1860-1936 /". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1666915291&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Aksal, Fatma. "Relative Wages and Endogenous Growth". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30669.

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Technological progress, human capital, and tax policies play an important role in growth. Recent models of endogenous growth based on technological progress predict that high technological progress and growth are associated with a high relative supply of skilled workers who earn constant or relatively low wages. Chapter 1 of this dissertation reviews recent models of endogenous growth. The 1980s, however, are associated with high technological progress, high relative supply and increasing relative wages of skilled workers. Chapter 2 of this dissertation shows that, unlike most recent endogenous growth models, high rates of technological change can be accompanied by a high relative supply and a high relative wage for skilled workers. This chapter looks at the relative wage of educated to uneducated individuals within the same generation in an overlapping generations model. Individuals live for two periods and decide whether to invest in education in the first period of their lives. As more individuals invest in education, the wage of unskilled workers increases, increasing the opportunity cost of education. At the equilibrium, to make the individuals who invest in education indifferent between education and work, the intra generational relative wage of educated individuals must increase Chapter 3 studies the local stability of the relative wage model. It shows that the unique equilibrium can be a sink, source, or saddle point. The numerical examples study the effects of an increase in the productivity of education on the entire trajectory of investment in education. Chapter 4 looks at the effects of different types of taxes in an economy in which the allocation of resources is inefficient. It shows that different types of taxes affect the long run growth rate differently. In our setting, taxing income from human capital employed in final good production allocates more human capital to R&D, and increases the growth rate of the economy. However, this is a very selective tax, and the conclusion depends on the production function.
Ph. D.

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Carey, James. "Inequality within the UK : an economic analysis". Thesis, Swansea University, 2012. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42430.

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With inequalities in earnings, employment and economic activity widespread throughout the UK, this thesis examines these inequalities and attempts to explain them. Data from the Living in Wales survey and the Annual Population Survey is used to examine the earnings response to unemployment in the UK, with particular attention paid to Wales and its position relative to other UK regions. Strong evidence of a wage curve is found, and this wage curve is tested over the earnings distribution and levels of centralization. The returns to degrees, masters and PhDs are investigated, with a focus on how returns vary over regions. Large differences are found using a national baseline, but these differences are greatly reduced when regional differences are controlled for. The use of quantile regression techniques suggests that the graduate premium varies little over the earnings distribution. The inequalities m earnings, employment and economic activity are broken down into a component of individual characteristics and a component of area effects. It is found that area effects play a small role, with inequalities driven by individual characteristics. These individual effects are also broken down, with occupation identified as the key driver of inequalities.

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Lindsay, William. "Law enforcement performance standards and wages a test of the efficiency wage hypothesis /". Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2009/W_LINDSAY_110809.pdf.

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Speakman, Robert B. Jr. "School quality and wages". Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4883.

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This dissertation examines the literature that attempts to measure the relationship between school quality and earnings. I begin by developing a simple economic model that predicts that, everything else being equal and with comparisons being made within a market, workers from higher quality schools will have higher earnings among those with the same level of schooling and they will have steeper schooling-earnings gradients. The remainder of this dissertation explores problems that exist in this literature for which no solutions have been presented. These problems include: 1) there doesnÃ¢ÂÂt have to be a direct and positive relationship between school quality and earnings; 2) the data suggest that school quality measures are frequently mismatched to workers; 3) most school quality studies include college-trained labor while completely ignoring the quality of the college attended; 4) the omission of college quality from the estimation is especially problematic for studies that attempt to measure the school quality-earnings relationship through differences in schooling-earnings gradients for those educated in different systems; 5) state of birth wage rankings thought to capture a school quality effect are not invariant to the market (state of residence) in which they are evaluated; and 6) the evidence presented herein suggests that interstate migration is selective. These problems undermine the credibility of existing estimates of a school qualityearnings relationship.

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Azmat, Ghazala Yasmeen. "Regulation, employment and wages". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1935/.

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Over the last two decades the institutional structures across the OECD countries have changed dramatically, having a significant impact on labour market performance. This thesis seeks to make four contributions to our understanding of the implications and applications of regulations. This is done in two distinct ways: firstly, to focus on a specific policy change in Chapter 1 and Chapter 2, and secondly, to analyse (more generally) the disparities in policies across the OECD countries, in Chapter 3 and Chapter 4. Chapter 1 seeks to contribute to the literature on tax credit policies, which have been a popular way to alleviate in-work poverty. The assumption is typically that the incidence is on the claimant workers. However, economic theory suggests no particular reason to believe that this should be the case. This chapter investigates the incidence of the Working Families' Tax Credit (WFTC) in the UK introduced in 1999, which unlike similar tax credit policies was paid through the wage packet, increasing the connection between the employer and worker with regard to the tax credit. Using two stage parametric and non-parametric censored regression methods I find compelling evidence to suggest that the firm discriminates by cutting the wage of claimant workers relative to similarly skilled non-claimant workers when looking at men and that there is a spill-over effect onto the wage for both men and women. Chapter 2 then goes on to look more closely at the acclaimed relationship between tax credits and labour supply. One of the principle aims of the WFTC was to increase the participation of those with low labour market attachment. The literature to date concludes that for lone mothers there was approximately a 5% point increase in employment. The differences-in-differences methodology that is typically used compare lone mother with single women without children. However, the characteristics of these groups are both observably and unobservably different, such that the identifying assumption may not be satisfied. I find that when I control for differential trends between people with and without children, the employment effect of WFTC falls significantly. Moreover, by looking at movements in the hour's distribution, it is clear that any WFTC effect is solely borne on those working full-time (30 hours or more). Another concern is that I find that the policy did not induce people into the labour market from inactivity. Chapter 3 seeks to explain why it is that in some OECD countries the male and female unemployment rates are very similar but in others (notably the 'Mediterranean' countries) the female unemployment rate is much higher than the male. The analysis shows that, in countries where there is a large gender gap in unemployment rates, there is a gender gap in both flows from employment into unemployment and from unemployment into employment. Overall it seems that differences in human capital accumulation between men and women interacted with labour market institutions is an important part of the explanation. Chapter 4 looks at how the labour's share of GDP in many OECD countries has declined over the last two decades. The little evidence that exists on this important issue is almost entirely macro-economic. This chapter uses cross-country panel data evidence from a group of 'network industries', where there have been substantial changes of public ownership and entry barrier. The results show that privatisation can explain a significant proportion of the fall of labour's share in these industries, even when the endogeneity of the policy rules is accounted for using sociopolitical instrumental variables. The impact of privatisation has been somewhat offset by falling barriers which dampen profit margins.

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Nattrass, Nicoli Jean. "Wages, profits and apartheid". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306272.

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Georgiadis, Andreas. "Efficiency wages in low-wage labour markets and the economic effects of the minimum wage". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/9d698b57-f74b-46ed-b53c-f61f90778c13.

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Libri sul tema "Wages"

Ramaswamy, Ramana. Efficiency wages and wage dispersion. Cambridge: Department of Applied Economics, University of Cambridge, 1990.

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Kim, Yunbae. Wages in Korea. Seoul: Korea Development Institute, 2000.

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Massachusetts. Occupational Wage Statistics Unit., a cura di. Selected occupational wages. [Boston, Mass.]: The Unit, 1993.

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Kim, Yunbae. Wages in Korea. Seoul, Korea: Korea Development Institute, 2000.

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Patel, B. B. Structure of inter-district, inter-sectoral, and inter-industry wage differentials in Gujarat. Baroda: Dept. of Economics, Faculty of Arts, M.S. University of Baroda, 1985.

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Patel, B. B. Structure of inter-district, inter-sectoral, and inter-industry wage differentials in Gujarat. Baroda: Dept. of Economics, Faculty of Arts, M.S. University of Baroda, 1985.

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Services, Incomes Data, a cura di. Wages. London: Incomes Data Services, 1999.

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Services, Incomes Data. Wages. London: Incomes Data Services, 1990.

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Services, Incomes Data, a cura di. Wages. London: Incomes Data Services, 1996.

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Armstrong, John. Wages. Vancouver: New Star Books, 2007.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Wages"

Otani, Teinosuke. "Wages". In A Guide to Marxian Political Economy, 203–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65954-1_7.

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Locker, Yvonne. "Wages". In Business Workshop, 151–60. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11727-7_15.

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Baumann, Isabel. "Wages". In Life Course Research and Social Policies, 127–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39754-2_7.

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Pietromarchi, Luca, e Lovett F. Edwards. "Wages". In The Soviet World, 343–51. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003336501-12.

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Lebowitz, Michael A. "Wages". In Beyond Capital, 101–19. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403943729_6.

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Locker, Yvonne. "Wages". In Business Skills, 204–12. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13273-7_16.

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Cha, Myung Soo, Junseok Hwang e Wooyoun Lee. "Wages". In Historical Statistics of Korea, 127–65. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3874-2_4.

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Reynolds, Andy. "Wages". In The Live Music Business, 200–209. 3^a ed. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003019503-18.

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Senik, Claudia. "Wage Satisfaction and Reference Wages". In Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_180-2.

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Senik, Claudia. "Wage Satisfcaction and Reference Wages". In Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_180-1.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Wages"

Nikoloski, Dimitar. "The Role of Efficiency Wages in Determining the Inter-Industry Wage Differentials: Evidence from North Macedonia". In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2023.0027.

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The efficiency wage theory states that the workers’ productivity depends on their wages, thus firms find beneficial to pay higher than the market clearing wages by expecting an increase in labour productivity. Hence, this alterative approach to orthodox economic theory assumes a reversed causality established between wages and labour productivity. The efficiency wage models take into account the potential influence of institutional arrangements. For instance, the ICT industry characteristics such as possibility for platform work affect wage levels and contribute to paying wage premium (exposure to the global competition). The evolution of real wages in North Macedonia over the last decade shows an outstanding inter-industry wage differentials, where Information and communication; and Finance and insurance appear as sectors with constantly high average real wages compared to the national average level. In order to explore the possible reversed causation between labour productivity and real wages, we estimate a homogeneous panel vector autoregression (VAR) model by fitting a multivariate panel regression of each dependent variable on lags of itself and on lags of other dependent variables using generalized method of moments (GMM). The results confirm the efficiency wage theory assumption since we found statistically significant impact of real wages on labour productivity and not vice-versa. This conclusion opens a wide room for justifying the policies that favour increases of real wages by tying them to increases in productivity. The identified wage premium, particularly from working in the ICT sector, suggests that the policy need to focus on stimulating widespread adoption of digital technologies across other sectors through education and training.

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Németh, Julianna. "WHAT AFFECTS WAGES". In 28th International Scientific Conference Strategic Management and Decision Support Systems in Strategic Management. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Economics in Subotica, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46541/978-86-7233-416-6_18.

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Urbaníková, Marta, e Michaela Štubňová. "Analysis of wage inequalities in the Slovak Republic at the regional level". In XXIII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách / 23rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9610-2020-1.

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At present, at a time of incoming recession in the global and domestic economy, wages are an important tool in the labor market. The paper aims to analyze the development of average and minimum wages from the perspective of the Slovak Republic and its regions. At the same time, using correlation analysis, we analyze the relationship between wages and the educational structure of the region's population and registered unemployment in the region. The analyzes showed that average wages are constantly growing. The highest wage is in the Bratislava region, while in the Prešov region it was up to 38% lower. While in the Bratislava region the ratio of the minimum wage to the regional average wage was at the level of 38%, in the Prešov region it reached almost 62%. Based on the results of the correlation analysis, it can be stated that the impact of the monitored attributes on the average monthly wage varies from region to region. We observe the most significant differences for the Bratislava region in comparison with the remaining Slovak regions.

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Oransay, Gürçem. "An Examination of the Relationship between Exports and Wages for Turkey". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00746.

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In this study the together with increasing foregin trade after trade liberalization, affects of changing income distribution on wages has been discussed. Assuming wages as an issue of income distribution, it continues with foregin trade theories which are related to foreign trade and affect of export on wages in particular. The developments such as effective markets after trade liberalization, high efficiency and removal of barriers in front of international trade increase cost competitiveness and wage levels change. It is still discussed whether foreign trade has positive or negative affects on wages but it can be claimed that differences of opinion vary depending on economical structures and trade volumes of countries. Using a model which has been supplied from both theoretical and practical literature, this research will try to find out affects of export and openness on wages using unit root test, cointegration techniques and error correction mechanism on Turkish economy during the period of 1988:Q1-2010:Q4. Affects of both export and openness on wages has been studied seperately for sub sectors of Turkish Manufacturing Industry. Although there is not a full compliance in all sectors which are studied in all models within periods examined, it has been found out that export and openness create a negative affect on wages.

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Maryska, Milos, Lea Nedomova e Petr Doucek. "ICT Professionals Wages Development – Is the Economy in Resilence Period?" In Liberec Economic Forum 2023. Technical University of Liberec, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/009/lef-2023-18.

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EU countries are trying to rationalise the processing of many agendas at both international and national level. The holy grail being sought is the digitisation of all available agendas.. In our paper, we address the issues of wages of workers who work in the field of information and communication technologies - ICT Professionals. We deal with the development of their number in the Czech economy over the last five years and also with the development of their nominal wages. In addition, we also look at the issue of gender pay gap in ICT. For the data analysis, we used a set of surveys for the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs on wages, which are conducted annually by Trexima Ltd. For data analysis we used mainly MS Excel tools - statistical functions and Python as well. The results show that the number of ICT Professionals in the Czech economy is permanently growing. The identified wage growth trends show that wages are growing fastest for ICT Manager and ICT Specialists positions - here the growth is faster than the overall wage growth in the Czech Republic. For ICT Technicians, although wages show an increasing trend, but it is lower than the wage growth trend in the Czech economy. In the Gender Pay Gap question, we concluded that it is minimal for ICT Professionals in public and state administration, but still very high in the business sphere. A positive phenomenon is that the Gender Pay Gap is decreasing permanently.

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Wahyuni, Sri, Nasri Bachtiar, Elfindri Elfindri e Endrizal Ridwan. "Review of Literature on The Impact of Foreign Workers on Wages Keywords:Foreign Workers; Wages". In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Multidisciplinary and Its Applications Part 1, WMA-01 2018, 19-20 January 2018, Aceh, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.20-1-2018.2282081.

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Хабиева, Елена Викторовна. "EFFECTIVE EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT WITH A TEACHER: PAST AND PRESENT". In Теоретические и практические аспекты развития науки в современном мире: сборник статей международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Март 2023). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/230317.2023.52.15.002.

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Эффективный трудовой договор с преподавателями средних профессиональных образовательных организаций - способ практической реализации гарантий работнику по достойной оплате труда, складывающейся из базовой части оплаты труда (тарифная ставка, оклад), компенсационных и стимулирующих выплат, а также выплат социального характера. An effective employment contract with teachers of secondary vocational educational organizations is a way of practical implementation of guarantees to the employee for decent wages, consisting of the basic part of wages (wage rate, salary), compensation and incentive payments, as well as payments of social character.

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Hedvičáková, Martina, e Alena Pozdílková. "Analysis of Key Macroeconomic Indicators and Their Relationship to Unemployment in the Czech Republic". In Liberec Economic Forum 2023. Technical University of Liberec, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/009/lef-2023-45.

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The Czech Republic boasts one of the lowest unemployment rates in the European Union, indicating a demand-supply imbalance in the labour market. This situation has implications for other labour market-related variables, such as nominal wages and labour productivity. In 2021, there was a significant increase in the inflation rate, reaching 15.1%. This development also impacted the trajectory of real wages. This article uses statistical analysis to predict the future economic trends of essential macroeconomic indicators related to the labour market. The dependence of individual variables on the unemployment rate will be determined through correlation analysis. Additionally, the study aims to assess the degree of independence between the unemployment rate and selected economic indicators, including nominal wages, labour productivity, real wages, and inflation. Future developments will be forecasted based on linear time series regression models for each examined variable. The statistical results will be economically interpreted in light of the current economic situation. Overall, the results of the correlation analysis indicate a significant statistical relationship between unemployment and nominal wages, suggesting a strong negative correlation between these variables. This finding aligns with macroeconomic expectations that an increase in unemployment leads to a decrease in the rate of nominal wage growth. The correlation analysis between unemployment and inflation reveals a moderate indication of a negative relationship between the two variables. However, the correlation analysis between unemployment and labour productivity and between unemployment and real wages indicates weak and insufficient evidence of any significant relationship between these variables. Therefore, further analyses and consideration of additional factors are necessary to obtain a more comprehensive and reliable understanding of these relationships.

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Popova, O. A. "Deductions from wages: problems and prospects". In ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-10-2018-17.

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"Spatial Structure of Wages and Rents". In 8th European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2001. ERES, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2001_303.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Wages"

Allegretto, Sylvia A., e Dave Graham-Squire. Monopsony in Professional Labor Markets: Hospital System Concentration and Nurse Wages. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, gennaio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp197.

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Rolling waves of consolidation have significantly decreased the number of hospital systems in the U.S. potentially affecting industry quality, prices, efficiency, wages and more. This research concerns the growth in hospital system consolidation in local labor markets and its effect on registered nurse wages. We first use a nonparametric preprocessing data step via matching methods to define MSA-specific samples of workers analogous to nurses outside of the hospital sector. This step enables an accounting of heterogeneous MSA-specific baseline wage growth, and yields a standardized measure of nurse wage growth across MSAs used to set up a multi-site quasi-experiment. We then run a parsimonious linear model; market size matters, for every 0.1 increase in consolidation in smaller-MSAs, real hourly nurse wage growth decreased by $0.70 (p-value of 0.038). Though not the primary aim of this study, a secondary finding is that real hourly wages for nurses grew less than that of comparable workers by $4.08.

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Krueger, Alan, e Lawrence Summers. Efficiency Wages and the Wage Structure. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, giugno 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1952.

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Hernandez Martinez, Victor, Kaixin Liu e Richard Grice. Estimating duration dependence on re-employment wages when reservation wages are binding. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, settembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202321.

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This paper documents a novel finding indicating that re-employment wages are elastic to the level of unemployment insurance (i.e., a binding reservation wage) and adapts the IV estimator for duration dependence in Schmieder et al. (2016) to account for this fact. Using administrative data from Spain, we find that unemployed workers lower their re-employment wages by 3 percent immediately after the exhaustion of unemployment insurance (UI) benefits. Workers’ characteristics and permanent unobserved heterogeneity cannot explain this. To estimate duration dependence, we extend the IV framework proposed by Schmieder et al. (2016), whose estimator of duration dependence is proportional to the response of wages to an extension of the potential duration of UI, to account for the response of reservation wages. We find that while extending the potential duration of UI has an insignificant effect on re-employment wages, duration dependence is strongly negative. We estimate that the degree of duration dependence in Spain is approximately 0.8 percent per month in daily wages. Workers’ inability to find full-time jobs as the duration of non-employment increases is an important mechanism behind this effect, since the duration dependence of hourly wages is 0.25 percent per month. Failing to account for the fact that reservation wages are binding would underestimate the magnitude of duration dependence by 15 to 20 percent.

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Summers, Lawrence. Relative Wages, Efficiency Wages, and Keynesian Unemployment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, maggio 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2590.

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Messina, Julián, e Luca Gambetti. Evolving Wage Cyclicality in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, agosto 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011754.

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This paper examines the evolution of the cyclicality of real wages and employment in four Latin American economies (Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico) during the period 1980-2010. Wages are highly pro-cyclical during the 1980s and early 1990s, a period characterized by high inflation. As inflation declined wages became less pro-cyclical, a feature that is consistent with emerging downward wage rigidities in a low-inflation environment. Compositional effects associated with changes in labor participation along the business cycle appear to matter less for estimates of wage cyclicality than in developed economies.

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Blackburn, McKinley, e David Neumark. Unobserved Ability, Efficiency Wages, and Interindustry Wage Differentials. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, ottobre 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3857.

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Khurana, Saloni, Kanika Mahajan e Kunal Sen. Minimum wages and changing wage inequality in India. UNU-WIDER, giugno 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2023/375-8.

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Behrman, Jere R., Nancy Birdsall e Miguel Székely. Economics Reform and Wage Differentials in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, ottobre 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010785.

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This paper develops and applies a new approach to the estimation of the impact of economy-wide reforms on wage differentials, using a new high-quality data set on wage differentials by schooling level for 18 Latin American countries for the period 1980-1998. The results indicate that reform overall has had a short-run disequalizing effect of expanding wage differentials, although this effect tends to fade over time. This disequalizing effect is due to the strong impact of domestic financial market reform, capital account liberalization and tax reform. On the other hand, privatization contributed to narrowing wage differentials, and trade openness had no effect on wage differentials. Technological progress, rather than trade flows, appears to be a channel through which reforms are affecting inequality. The paper also explores the effects of reforms on wage levels; tentative results suggest that reforms have had a positive effect on real average wages, but a negative effect on the wages of less-schooled workers. Keywords: reform, inequality, wages, trade, distribution

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Jardim, Ekaterina, Mark Long, Robert Plotnick, Emma van Inwegen, Jacob Vigdor e Hilary Wething. Minimum Wage Increases, Wages, and Low-Wage Employment: Evidence from Seattle. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, giugno 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23532.

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Neumark, David, Mark Schweitzer e William Wascher. The Effects of Minimum Wages Throughout the Wage Distribution. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, febbraio 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7519.

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