Bibliografie tematiche / Volcanoes

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Volcanoes"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 30 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Volcanoes"

1

Espinasa-Pereña, Ramón. "Monitoring volcanoes in Mexico". Volcanica 4, S1 (1 novembre 2021): 223–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30909/vol.04.s1.223246.

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Abstract (sommario):
Mexico has at least 46 volcanic centers (including monogenetic volcanic fields) that are considered active or potentially active. Due to the federal governance of the country, the Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (CENAPRED) is the entity responsible for monitoring natural hazards. Individual Mexican states also monitor active volcanoes within their territoryand through local universities. Specific observatories exist for Colima, Citlaltépetl (Pico de Orizaba), San Martín Tuxtla, El Chichón, and Tacaná volcanoes, which are considered among the volcanoes with the highest hazard potential in the country. Details on instrumentation, data acquisition, hazard management, information dissemination and outreach are given for each volcano and observatory. The creation of a National Volcanological Service, based at CENAPRED and in full cooperation with local university-based observatories, would help consolidate all monitoring data and official information on active volcanoes at a single institution, procure and distribute resources, and allocate those resources according to the relative risk posed by the different volcanoes. México tiene al menos 46 centros volcánicos que podrían considerarse activos o potencialmente activos (incluyendo campos volcánicos monogenéticos). Debido al carácter federal del país, el Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (CENAPRED) es la entidad responsable de monitorear los fenómenos naturales. Individualmente, algunos estados mexicanos también monitorean los volcanes activos dentro de su territorio, a través de las universidades locales, por lo que existen observatorios específicos para Colima, Citlaltépetl (Pico de Orizaba), San Martín Tuxtla, El Chichón y Tacaná; todos estos considerados entre los volcanes de mayor riesgo relativo del país. Se proporcionan detalles sobre instrumentación, adquisición de datos, gestión de riesgos y difusión y divulgación de información para cada volcán y observatorio. La creación de un Servicio Vulcanológico Nacional, con sede en CENAPRED, y en cooperación plena con los observatorios universitarios locales, ayudaría a concentrar todos los datos de monitoreo e información oficial sobre los volcanes activos en una sola institución, así como a adquirir y asignar recursos, de acuerdo con el riesgo relativo que representan los diferentes volcanes.
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2

Koloskov, A. V., M. Yu Davydova, D. V. Kovalenko e V. V. Ananyev. "New data on age, material composition and geological structure of the Central Kamchatka depression (CKD). Part 1. Rocks types. Age, petrological and isotopo-geochemical characteristicsн". Вулканология и сейсмология, n. 3 (14 maggio 2019): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0203-0306201933-24.

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The paper presents new age and isotope geochemical characteristics for plateau effusive rocks from the Central Kamchatka Depression (CKD) and Nikolka Volcano. We compared these data with the data on rocks from the Klyuchevskoy group of volcanoes and also Sheveluch, Kharchinsky, Zarechny, Nachikinsky, Bakening volcanoes and NEB-adakites from Pliocene shield volcano between the Ozernaya Kamchatka and Pravaya Kamchatka rivers. It is shown that the evolutionally advanced (often more alkaline) rock from Nachikinsky, Bakening, Nikolka volcanoes and the Pliocene shield volcanoe significantly differ in isotope-geochemical characteristics from the Klyuchevskoy group of volcanoes rocks. Exactly this type of rocks is characteristic for CKD as rift structure. The Klyuchevskoy group of volcanoes rock are not typomorphic for this structure and manifest the usual orogenic volcanism stage, typical for much larger area. Miocene plateau effusive rocks differ from rocks of this group only by slightly increased potassium alkalinity. The rift type rocks characteristic feature is not only their increased alkalinity, but also specific microcomponents ratios: Ti/V > 0.004, Nb/Y > 0.28, Dy/Yb > 2.00, La/Yb > 6.5, Sm/Yb > 2.4, Lu/Hf < 0.08. Along with isotopic characteristics, these ratios suggest the existence of the single deep asthenospheric mantle reservoir for initial melts. The Kurile-Kamchatka and Commander-Aleutian island-arc systems’ junction is marked by the increased fluid enrichment (Ce group of REE) of melts for rocks of certain volcanoes: Shiveluch, Kharchinsky, Zarechny.
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3

Koloskov, A. V., M. Yu Davydova e D. V. Kovalenko. "New data on age, material composition and geological structure of the Central Kamchatka depression (CKD). Part 1. Rocks types. Age, petrological and isotopo-geochemical characteristicsн". Вулканология и сейсмология, n. 3 (14 maggio 2019): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0205-9614201933-24.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
The paper presents new age and isotope geochemical characteristics for plateau effusive rocks from the Central Kamchatka Depression (CKD) and Nikolka Volcano. We compared these data with the data on rocks from the Klyuchevskoy group of volcanoes and also Sheveluch, Kharchinsky, Zarechny, Nachikinsky, Bakening volcanoes and NEB-adakites from Pliocene shield volcano between the Ozernaya Kamchatka and Pravaya Kamchatka rivers. It is shown that the evolutionally advanced (often more alkaline) rock from Nachikinsky, Bakening, Nikolka volcanoes and the Pliocene shield volcanoe significantly differ in isotope-geochemical characteristics from the Klyuchevskoy group of volcanoes rocks. Exactly this type of rocks is characteristic for CKD as rift structure. The Klyuchevskoy group of volcanoes rock are not typomorphic for this structure and manifest the usual orogenic volcanism stage, typical for much larger area. Miocene plateau effusive rocks differ from rocks of this group only by slightly increased potassium alkalinity. The rift type rocks characteristic feature is not only their increased alkalinity, but also specific microcomponents ratios: Ti/V > 0.004, Nb/Y > 0.28, Dy/Yb > 2.00, La/Yb > 6.5, Sm/Yb > 2.4, Lu/Hf < 0.08. Along with isotopic characteristics, these ratios suggest the existence of the single deep asthenospheric mantle reservoir for initial melts. The Kurile-Kamchatka and Commander-Aleutian island-arc systems’ junction is marked by the increased fluid enrichment (Ce group of REE) of melts for rocks of certain volcanoes: Shiveluch, Kharchinsky, Zarechny.
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4

Wan, Zhifeng, Jinfeng Zhang, Guoqing Lin, Siling Zhong, Qing Li, Jiangong Wei e Yuefeng Sun. "Formation Mechanism of Mud Volcanoes/Mud Diapirs Based on Physical Simulation". Geofluids 2021 (22 luglio 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5531957.

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Abstract (sommario):
The formation of mud volcanoes/mud diapirs is directly related to oil and gas accumulation and gas-hydrate mineralization. Their eruptive activities easily cause engineering accidents and may increase the greenhouse effect by the eruption of methane gas. Many scholars have performed much research on the developmental characteristics, geochemistry, and carbon emissions of mud diapirs/mud volcanoes, but the formation mechanism of mud diapirs/mud volcanoes is still controversial. Mud diapirs and mud volcanoes are especially developed in the northern South China Sea and are accompanied by abundant oil, gas, and gas-hydrate resources. Based on the mud volcanoes/mud diapirs in the northern South China Sea, the physical simulation experiments of mud diapir/mud volcano formation and evolution under different fluid pressures and tectonic environments have been performed by loading a fluid-input system in traditional sandbox simulation equipment. The genetic mechanism of mud diapirs/mud volcanoes is revealed, and a fluid-leakage model of mud diapirs/mud volcanoes under different geological conditions is established. We believe that in an overpressured environment, the greater the thickness of the overlying strata is, the greater the pressure or power required for the upward migration of muddy fluid to penetrate the overlying strata. Tectonic activity promotes the development of mud volcanos/mud diapirs. To a certain extent, the more intense the tectonic activity is, the more significant the effect of promoting the development of mud volcanoes/mud diapirs and the larger the mud diapirs/mud volcanoes become.
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5

Aguilar Contreras, Rigoberto, Edu Taipe Maquerhua, Yanet Antayhua Vera, Mayra Ortega Gonzales, Fredy Apaza Choquehuayta e Luis Cruz Mamani. "Hazard assessment studies and multiparametric volcano monitoring developed by the Instituto Geológico, Minero y Metalúrgico in Peru". Volcanica 4, S1 (1 novembre 2021): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30909/vol.04.s1.7392.

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Urban development in the areas surrounding active volcanoes has led to increasing risks in southern Peru. In order to evaluate the hazard, the Instituto Geológico, Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET) created a Volcano Observatory (OVI) to carry out detailed geological investigations to understand eruption histories and provide volcanic hazard maps. The generation of geological information on volcanoes has allowed the identification of scenarios and zoning of potentially impacted areas. This information has also allowed OVI to implement surveillance networks giving priority to the volcanoes that pose the greatest risk to the population, infrastructure, and economic activities. Since 2006, OVI has been running volcanic monitoring networks with a multidisciplinary approach, improving real-time transmission, and making timely forecasts. Based on geological information and the risk posed by the volcanoes, the greatest efforts have been made to monitor Sabancaya, Misti, Ubinas, and Ticsani volcanoes. Following the order of priorities, monitoring of Coropuna, Huaynaputina, Tutupaca and, Yucamane volcanoes has also been developed. In addition, OVI carries out routine education activities and diffusion of information that serve to manage volcanic risk in Peru. El desarrollo urbano en zonas aledañas a volcanes activos ha conllevado a la generación de riesgos cada vez mayores en el sur del Perú. Con la finalidad de evaluar el peligro, el Instituto Geológico, Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET) creó un observatorio vulcanológico (OVI) para realizar estudios geológicos detallados que permitan conocer las historias eruptivas y elaborar mapas de peligros volcánicos. La generación de información geológica sobre los volcanes ha permitido la identificación de escenarios y la zonificación de áreas con potencial a ser afectadas. Esta información también ha permitido al OVI implementar sus redes de monitoreo priorizando los volcanes que representan mayor riesgo para la población, la infraestructura y las actividades económicas. Desde el año 2006, el OVI viene implementando redes de vigilancia volcánica con un enfoque multidisciplinario, mejorando la transmisión en tiempo real y realizando pronósticos oportunos. En base a la información geológica y el nivel de riesgo de los volcanes, se han puesto los mayores esfuerzos en monitorear los volcanes Sabancaya, Misti, Ubinas y Ticsani. Siguiendo el orden de prioridades, el OVI ha comenzado, también, el monitoreo de los volcanes Coropuna, Huaynaputina, Tutupaca y Yucamane. Además, el observatorio desarrolla actividades permanentes de educación y difusión de la información que sirven a la gestión del riesgo volcánico en el Perú.
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Layana, Susana, Felipe Aguilera, Germán Rojo, Álvaro Vergara, Pablo Salazar, Juan Quispe, Pablo Urra e Diego Urrutia. "Volcanic Anomalies Monitoring System (VOLCANOMS), a Low-Cost Volcanic Monitoring System Based on Landsat Images". Remote Sensing 12, n. 10 (16 maggio 2020): 1589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12101589.

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Abstract (sommario):
The practice of monitoring active volcanoes, includes several techniques using either direct or remote measurements, the latter being more important for volcanoes with limited accessibility. We present the Volcanic Anomalies Monitoring System (VOLCANOMS), a new, online, low-cost and semiautomatic system based on Landsat imagery. This system can detect permanent and/or temporal thermal anomalies in near-infrared (NIR), short-wave infrared (SWIR), and thermal infrared (TIR) bands. VOLCANOMS allows researchers to calculate several thermal parameters, such as thermal radiance, effective temperature, anomaly area, radiative, gas, convective, and total heat, and mass fluxes. We study the eruptive activity of five volcanoes including Krakatau, Stromboli, Fuego, Villarrica and Lascar volcanoes, comparing field and eruptive data with thermal radiance. In the case of Villarrica and Lascar volcanoes, we also compare the thermal radiance and eruptive activity with seismic data. The thermal radiance shows a concordance with the eruptive activity in all cases, whereas a correlation is observed between thermal and seismic data both, in Villarrica and Lascar volcanoes, especially in the case of long-period seismicity. VOLCANOMS is a new and powerful tool that, combined with other techniques, generates robust information for volcanic monitoring.
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7

Garcia, Sebastian, e Gabriela Badi. "Towards the development of the first permanent volcano observatory in Argentina". Volcanica 4, S1 (1 novembre 2021): 21–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30909/vol.04.s1.2148.

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Abstract (sommario):
Argentina is a country that presents a complex situation regarding volcanic risk, where a total of 38 volcanoes are considered active. Although Argentina has no major cities close to these volcanoes, the continuous increase in economic activity and infrastructure near the Andean Codillera will increase exposure to volcano hazards in the future. Further, volcanic activity on the border between Argentina and Chile poses a unique challenge in relation to volcano monitoring and the management of volcanic emergencies. Additionally, due to atmospheric circulation patterns in the region (from West to East), Argentina is exposed to ashfall and ash dispersion from frequent explosive eruptions from Chilean volcanoes. Considering this, the Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino (SEGEMAR) decided to create and implement a Volcanic Threat Assessment Program, which includes the creation of the the first permanent volcano observatory for the country, the Observatorio Argentino de Vigilancia Volcánica (OAVV). Previously the Decepcion Island volcano observatory was created as a collaboration between the Instituto Antártico Argentino (IAA) and the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN) from the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). Argentina es un país que presenta una compleja situación con respecto al riesgo volcánico, donde un total de 38 volcanes son considerados activos. Aunque Argentina no tiene ciudades importantes cerca de estos volcanes, el continuo incremento de la actividad económica y la infraestructura cerca de la Cordillera de los Andes, generará en el futuro un aumento en la exposición a estos peligros. Además, la actividad volcánica en la frontera entre Argentina y Chile constituye un desafío único en relación con el monitoreo de volcanes y la gestión de emergencias volcánicas. Adicionalmente, debido a los patrones de circulación atmosférica en la región (desde el oeste hacia el este), Argentina está expuesta a la caída y dispersión de cenizas de las frecuentes erupciones explosivas de volcanes chilenos. Teniendo esto en cuenta, el Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino (SEGEMAR) decidió crear e implementar un programa de evaluación de amenazas volcánicas, que incluye, la creación del primer observatorio permanente de volcanes para el país, el Observatorio Argentino de Vigilancia Volcánica (OAVV). Previamente, el Observatorio Volcanológico de la Isla Decepción fue creado como una colaboración entre el Instituto Antártico Argentino (IAA) y el Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas de España (CSIC).
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Richter, Nicole, e Jean-Luc Froger. "The role of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar in Detecting, Mapping, Monitoring, and Modelling the Volcanic Activity of Piton de la Fournaise, La Réunion: A Review". Remote Sensing 12, n. 6 (22 marzo 2020): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12061019.

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Abstract (sommario):
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing plays a significant role in volcano monitoring despite the measurements’ non real-time nature. The technique’s capability of imaging the spatial extent of ground motion has especially helped to shed light on the location, shape, and dynamics of subsurface magmatic storage and transport as well as the overall state of activity of volcanoes worldwide. A variety of different deformation phenomena are observed at exceptionally active and frequently erupting volcanoes, like Piton de la Fournaise on La Réunion Island. Those offer a powerful means of investigating related geophysical source processes and offer new insights into an active volcano’s edifice architecture, stability, and eruptive behavior. Since 1998, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has been playing an increasingly important role in developing our present understanding of the Piton de la Fournaise volcanic system. We here collect the most significant scientific results, identify limitations, and summarize the lessons learned from exploring the rich Piton de la Fournaise SAR data archive over the past ~20 years. For instance, the technique has delivered first evidence of the previously long suspected mobility of the volcano’s unsupported eastern flank, and it is especially useful for detecting displacements related to eruptions that occur far away from the central cone, where Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations are sparse. However, superimposed deformation processes, dense vegetation along the volcano’s lower eastern flank, and turbulent atmospheric phase contributions make Piton de la Fournaise a challenging target for applying InSAR. Multitemporal InSAR approaches that have the potential to overcome some of these limitations suffer from frequent eruptions that cause the replacement of scatterers. With increasing data acquisition rates, multisensor complementarity, and advanced processing techniques that resourcefully handle large data repositories, InSAR is progressively evolving into a near-real-time, complementary, operational volcano monitoring tool. We therefore emphasize the importance of InSAR at highly active and well-monitored volcanoes such as Mount Etna, Italy, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i, and Piton de la Fournaise, La Réunion.
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9

Loginov, V. A., L. I. Gontovaya e S. L. Senyukov. "Avachinsky and Koryaksky Group of Volcanoes: Geophysical Inhomogeneity of the Lithosphere and Deep Processes (Kamchatka)". Вулканология и сейсмология 17, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2023): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0203030622700031.

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The article presents the results of our gravimetric, seismic and electromagnetic research, as well as the data on deep seismicity of the lithosphere in the area of the active Avachinsky and Koryaksky group of volcanoes, which is the part of the East Kamchatka volcanic belt. We managed to develop the comprehensive geophysical model of the Earth’s crust and lithospheric mantle of this area. Based on the distribution scheme of the Earth’s crust geophysical inhomogeneities in general, and particularly beneath Avachinsky Volcano, we revealed specific features for both intracrustal fluid saturation and conduits through which deep fluids rise to the upper part of the crust. According to the comprehensive model, stresses arising at the margins of zones with different defluidisation conditions, in particular, in the lower part of the crust, and characterizing by contrasting electrical conductivity values, are one of the most important reasons for active seismicity beneath active volcanoes. The general scheme of the deep lithospheric processes and the volcanoes magma feeding system specific features are based on the obtained results and the data on the local seismic tomography. It is assumed that Avachinsky Volcano, being a part of the active Avachinsky and Koryaksky group of volcanoes, is connected with the asthenospheric layer at a depth of ~70–120 km, from which fluid/melts enter into the magma chamber located in the lower crust and then, under the influence of the heat from the lower crustal source, the peripheral chamber is formed in the upper crust beneath the volcano’s cone.
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10

Pratomo, Indyo. "Klasifikasi gunung api aktif Indonesia, studi kasus dari beberapa letusan gunung api dalam sejarah". Indonesian Journal on Geoscience 1, n. 4 (28 dicembre 2006): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.1.4.209-227.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol1no4.20065Indonesia is well known as a volcanic country, where more than 30% out of all the world volcanoes occupied this region. Volcanic region is generally densely populated, because of their soil fertility and other land use. Based on their historical eruptions noted since and before 1600 A.D., the Indonesian active volcanoes are regrouped in to A type (79 volcanoes), which were defi ned as volcanoes erupted since 1600 A.D., B type (29 volcanoes) erupted before 1600 A.D., and C type (21 volcanoes) are solfatar fi elds (Bemmelen, 1949; van Padang 1951; Kusumadinata, 1979). Studies on parts of the Indonesian active volcanoes, show different eruptive characters, which are generally related to hazard potentials. A new classifi cation of Indonesian active volcanoes was proposed based on the combination of their physical properties, morphology, volcanic structure and eruptive styles to the eight differents types, those are Tambora (caldera formation), Merapi (lava dome), Agung (open crater), Papandayan (sector failure), Batur (post-caldera activities), Sangeangapi (lava fl ows) and Anak Krakatau types (volcano islands and submarine volcano). This classification would be make a better understanding to different characteristics of Indonesian active volcanoes, for the volcanic hazard and mitigation and also for the applied volcanological researches.
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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Volcanoes"

1

Bell, Andrew Forbes. "Patterns of volcano-tectonic seismicity at basaltic volcanoes". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444163/.

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Accelerating rates of volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes are a common precursor to volcanic eruptions and reflect fracture growth within the edifice. Theoretical models interpret the patterns in terms of failure of the volcanic edifice under the magmatic load and promise improved eruption forecasting. However, many eruptions at frequently active basaltic volcanoes are reported to begin with little change in the rate of VT earthquakes, apparently in conflict with edifice failure models. This thesis investigates the spatial and temporal patterns of VT earthquakes associated with eruptive and intrusive dyke injection at three of the best studied basaltic volcanoes, Kilauea and Mauna Loa (Hawaii) and Mt Etna (Sicily), in order to constrain the processes controlling the approach to eruption and test the applicability of edifice failure models. Approximately one third of dyke injection events are preceded by more than 4 weeks of exponentially accelerating rates of earthquakes. The trends are consistent with a model where deformation is controlled by the growth of independent fractures driven by increased magma pressure. Relations between acceleration parameters, such as the total number of earthquakes and characteristic timescale, provide information as to the likely timing of dyke injection. No evidence is found for short-term power-law accelerations in the rates of earthquakes thought to correspond to the linkage of fractures and observed at subduction zone volcanoes. The seismicity associated with the remaining events has characteristics indicating that flank instability is involved in triggering injection, either through the progressive reduction in the horizontal compressive stress by flank slip or through an episode of accelerated flank slip (a so-called slow earthquake). These observations suggest that: 1) an edifice failure model provides a good basis for understanding the approach to basaltic eruptions, but 2) at unstable volcanoes, modifications of the model are required to account for the influence of flank slip.
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Gulmammadov, Rashad. "Seismic geomechanics of mud volcanoes". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/seismic-geomechanics-of-mud-volcanoes(e579a3af-0881-4f52-b14a-dd360304f337).html.

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Abstract (sommario):
Mud volcanoes constitute an important component of petroliferous basins and their understanding is essential for successful exploration and development of hydrocarbon fields. They occur in both extensional and compressive tectonic settings, along with passive and active continental margins. Although extensive research exists on the geochemistry, geomorphology and stratigraphic evolution of these localized fluid flow structures, little is known about their geomechanical characteristics. This research investigates the geomechanics of mud volcanoes from the South Caspian Basin and West Nile Delta. This is achieved by establishing a workflow for geomechanical assessment of mud volcanoes using a P-wave velocity dataset from across the mud volcano within the offshore South Caspian Basin. This objective is developed further with the availability of seismic and wellbore data from around the Giza mud volcano, offshore West Nile Delta. Preliminary results of this study from the South Caspian Basin enable confidence in estimating the realistic magnitudes of elastic rock properties, stresses and fluid pressures from empirical and analytical correlations. Moreover, analysis of the variations in fluid pressures allow the fluid flow models around the mud volcano to be constrained and their gradients provide preliminary estimates of the drilling window. Structural and stratigraphic analysis around the Giza mud volcano offers insight into the formation of the mud volcano during the Quaternary and how the fault networks on the hanging wall of the arcuate tectonic fault have acted as conduits for primarily the pre-Pliocene fluids exploiting the areas of weakness along the hanging wall of the fault by entraining the Pliocene sediments. Fluid pressure evaluation reveals small overpressures caused by disequilibrium compaction. Further analysis offers insight into the critical fluid pressures that control fault movement, the stresses responsible for rock deformation around the wellbore and the width of the drilling window constrained by the fracturing of the strata. Analysis presented here provides details on the geomechanical significance of mud volcano environments, with implications for engineering practices. Overall, findings contribute to a systematic understanding of mud volcano settings not only from a field exploration and development point of view, but also at a wider scale for basin analysis and relatively small scale for play analysis.
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3

Auer, Sara Lynn. "Diverse oxygen isotope values and high magmatic water contents within the volcanic record of Klyuschevskoy Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia /". Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2007. http://handle.net/1794/6054.

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4

Burrell, Rhian. "Volcanic instability and associated uncertainties at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat and other volcanoes". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435873.

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5

Lane, Lucille Richards. "Hazard Vulnerability in Socio-Economic Context: An Example from Ecuador". [Tampa, Fla. : s.n.], 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000076.

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6

Beachly, Matthew William 1986. "The Upper Crustal P-wave Velocity Structure of Newberry Volcano, Central Oregon". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11475.

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xii, 98 p. : ill. (some col.)
The upper-crustal seismic-velocity structure of Newberry volcano, central Oregon, is imaged using P-wave travel time tomography. The inversion combines a densely-spaced seismic line collected in 2008 with two USGS seismic experiments from the 1980s. A high-velocity ring (7 km EW by 5 km NS) beneath the inner caldera faults suggests an intrusive ring complex 200 to 500 m thick. Within this ring shallow low velocities (<2 km depth) are interpreted as caldera fill and a subsided block. High velocities below 2 km depth could be intrusive complexes. There appears to be a low-velocity body at 3-6 km depth beneath the center of the volcano. This region is poorly resolved in the inversion because the ray paths bend around the low-velocity body. The 2008 data also recorded a secondary arrival that may be a delayed P-wave interacting with the low-velocity body.
Committee in charge: Emilie E.E. Hooft, Chairperson; Douglas R. Toomey, Member; Katharine V. Cashman, Member
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7

Jolis, Ester M. "Magma-Crust Interaction at Subduction Zone Volcanoes". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Berggrundsgeologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-198085.

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The focus of this work is magma-crust interaction processes and associated crustal volatile release in subduction zone volcanoes, drawing on rock, mineral, and gas geochemistry as well as experimental petrology. Understanding the multitude of differentiation processes that modify an original magma during ascent to the surface is vital to unravel the contributions of the various sources that contribute to the final magmas erupted at volcanoes. In particular, magma-crust interaction (MCI) processes have been investigated at a variety of scales, from a local scale in the Vesuvius, Merapi, and Kelut studies, to a regional scale, in the Java to Bali segment of the Sunda Arc.  The role of crustal influences is still not well constrained in subduction systems, particulary in terms of the compositional impact of direct magma crust interplay. To address this shortcoming, we studied marble and calc-silicate (skarn) xenoliths, and used high resolution short timescale experimental petrology at Vesuvius volcano. The marbles and calc-silicates help to identify different mechanisms of magma-carbonate and magma-xenolith interaction, and the subsequent effects of volatile release on potential eruptive behaviour, while sequential short-duration experiments simulate the actual processes of carbonate assimilation employing natural materials and controlled magmatic conditions. The experiments highlight the efficiency of carbonate assimilation and associated carbonate-derived CO2 liberated over short timescales. The findings at Merapi and Kelut demonstrate a complex magmatic plumbing system underneath these volcanoes with magma residing at different depths, spanning from the mantle-crust boundary to the upper crust. The erupted products and volcanic gas emissions enable us to shed light on MCI-processes and associated volatile release in these systems. The knowledge gained from studying individual volcanoes (e.g., Merapi and Kelut) is then tested on a regional scale and applied to the entire Java and Bali arc segment. An attempt is presented to distinguish the extent of source versus crustal influences and establish a quantitative model of late stage crustal influence in this arc segment. This thesis therefore hopes to contribute to our knowledge of magma genesis and magma-crust interaction (MCI) processes that likely operate in subduction zone systems worldwide.
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Palma, Lizana José Luis. "Degassing of open-vent low-silica volcanoes". Thesis, Open University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499458.

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Open-vent activity at volcanoes of low-silica composition, such as Stromboli (Italy), Villarrica (Chile), Mt. Erebus (Antarctica), Masaya (Nicaragua), is characterised by persistent passive gas emission and recurrent mild explosive outgassing. Four styles of bubble bursting activity have been recognised in such volcanoes: seething magma, small short-lived lava fountains, strombolian explosions and gas puffing. Whilst strombolian explosions are perhaps the most common among these volcanoes, seething magma and small lava fountains have been observed only at the surface of active lava lakes. At Villarrica, one of the two case study volcanoes of this thesis, seething magma consists of continual bursts of bubbles up to a few meters in diameter, with varying strength over the entire surface of the lava lake. Small lava fountains, seen as a vigorous extension of seething magma, commonly lasts 20-120 s and reach 10-40 m high above the lava free-surface. Strombolian explosions exhibit a wide range of behaviour. For instance, they can last for less than a second in a single bubble burst that erupts mainly bombs, as seen at the lava lake of Mt. Erebus and Villarrica volcanoes, or for more than 30 seconds accompanied by large amounts of ash, as seen at Stromboli and Mt. Etna volcanoes. At Stromboli, the second case study volcano, gas puffing consists of small but repetitive bubble bursts with a generally table eruption frequency in the range 0.2-1.2 s⁻¹. More vigorous explosive phenomena, such as hundreds-metres high lava fountains or very strong (paroxysmal) explosions, may occur during eruptions or episodes of elevated activity. Multi-parameter monitoring offers a fuller recognition and understanding of the processes governing the volcanic activity at this type of volcano. For instance, correlations between seismicity and visual observations at Villarrica volcano indicate that the seismic tremor is mostly caused by explosive outgassing.
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Allen, Daniel R. "Temperature and Variability of Three Ionian Volcanoes". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2591.

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Cassini spacecraft images of Io obtained during its flyby of Jupiter in late 2000 and early 2001 were used to determine the lava composition and eruption style of three faint hotspots, Pillan, Wayland, and Loki. We found a maximum color temperature of 1130+/-289 K for Pillan and maximum color temperatures of 1297+/-289 K and 1387+/-287 K for Wayland and Loki, respectively. These temperatures are suggestive of basaltic lava. The temperatures with the best signal-to-noise ratios also suggested basaltic lava and were found to be 780+/-189 K, 1116+/-250 K, and 1017+/-177 K for Pillan, Wayland, and Loki, respectively. Pillan showed increased activity on the third eclipse day after being fairly constant for the first two days, suggesting increased fountaining or lava flow activity on the third day. The data also suggest that Pillan is surrounded by topography that blocked emission on day000 and caused a much more dramatic decrease in emission. Wayland's intensity decreased over the three eclipses, consistent with a cooling lava flow or decreasing eruption. However, rapid decreases in intensity over periods of 26 to 48 minutes could have resulted from the eruption of highly exposed lava, perhaps an open channel or fountain. The data also suggest Wayland may be in a depression surrounded by ridges that blocked part of the emission. Intensities at Loki over the course of the observation varied in both directions, and were consistent with previous determinations of an often quiescent lava lake with periods of active overturning and fountains.
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Woog, Friederike. "Ecology and behavior of reintroduced Hawaiian geese". [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=959320423.

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Libri sul tema "Volcanoes"

1

Schuh, Mari C. Volcanes =: Volcanoes. Mankato, Minn: Pebble Plus Books, 2011.

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Rau, Dana Meachen. Volcanoes =: Los volcanes. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2008.

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Woods, Eric. Encyclopedia of volcanos [i.e. volcanoes]. Delhi: Global Media, 2007.

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4

Schreiber, Anne. Volcanoes! Washington, D.C: National Geographic, 2008.

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5

Rose, Susanna Van. Volcanoes. 2a ed. [Cambridge, Mass.]: Harvard, 1991.

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Pyle, David. Volcanoes. London: Eagle Editions, 2003.

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Schreiber, Anne. Volcanoes! Washington, D.C: National Geographic, 2008.

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8

Wood, J. Volcanoes. New York: PUFFIN BOOKS, 1990.

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Wallace, Patrick. Volcanoes. New York: Gallery Books, 1991.

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Park, Louise. Volcanoes. North Mankato, MN: Smart Apple Media, 2007.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Volcanoes"

1

Jain, Sreepat. "Volcanoes". In Fundamentals of Physical Geology, 371–426. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1539-4_16.

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Stahr, Alexander, e Ewald Langenscheidt. "Volcanoes". In Landforms of High Mountains, 29–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53715-8_3.

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Siegel, Frederic R. "Volcanoes". In Mitigation of Dangers from Natural and Anthropogenic Hazards, 31–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38875-5_8.

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Karol, Paul J. "Volcanoes". In The Legacy of Carbon Dioxide, 121–33. Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429200649-13.

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Keller, Edward A., e Duane E. DeVecchio. "Volcanoes". In Natural Hazards, 155–206. Fifth edition. | New York: Routledge, 2019. | “Fourth edition published by Pearson Education, Inc. 2015”—T.p. verso. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315164298-5.

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Bennett, Matthew R. "Volcanoes". In Our Dynamic Earth: A Primer, 25–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90351-0_3.

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Punongbayan, Raymundo S. "Volcanoes". In International Perspectives on Natural Disasters: Occurrence, Mitigation, and Consequences, 37–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2851-9_2.

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Gao, Jay. "Volcanoes". In Remote Sensing of Natural Hazards, 363–96. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003354321-12.

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Reilly, Benjamin. "Volcanoes". In Disasters in World History, 124–57. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003436805-5.

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Varley, Nick. "Volcanoes volcano of Mexico volcano of Mexico". In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 11613–33. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_477.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Volcanoes"

1

Jatu, C. "The Grobogan Mud Volcano Complex: An Identification to Reveal the Opportunity of Hydrocarbon Exploration". In Digital Technical Conference. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa20-sg-362.

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Mud volcanoes in Grobogan are referred as the Grobogan Mud Volcanoes Complex in Central Java where there is evidence of oil seepages. This comprehensive research is to determine the characteristics and hydrocarbon potential of the mud volcanoes in the Central Java region as a new opportunity for hydrocarbon exploration. The Grobogan Mud Volcano Complex consists of eight mud volcanoes that have its characteristics based on the study used the geological surface data and seismic literature as supporting data on eight mud volcanoes. The determination of geological surface characteristics is based on geomorphological analysis, laboratory analysis such as petrography, natural gas geochemistry, water analysis, mud geochemical analysis and biostratigraphy. Surface data and subsurface data are correlated, interpreted, and validated to make mud volcano system model. The purpose of making the mud volcanoes system model is to identify the hydrocarbon potential in Grobogan. This research proved that each of the Grobogan Mud Volcanoes has different morphological forms. Grobogan Mud Volcanoes materials are including muds, rock fragments, gas, and water content with different elemental values. Based on this research result, there are four mud volcano systems models in Central Java, they are Bledug Kuwu, Maesan, Cungkrik, and Crewek type. The source of the mud is from Ngimbang and Tawun Formation (Middle Eocene to Early Miocene) from biostratigraphy data and it been correlated with seismic data. Grobogan Mud Volcanoes have potential hydrocarbons with type III kerogen of organic matter (gas) and immature to early mature level based on TOC vs HI cross plot. The main product are thermogenic gas and some oil in relatively small quantities. Water analysis shows that it has mature sodium chloride water. This analysis also shows the location was formed within formations that are deposited in a marine environment with high salinity. Research of mud volcanos is rarely done in general. However, this comprehensive research shows the mud volcano has promising hydrocarbon potential and is a new perspective on hydrocarbon exploration.
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Apel, Ted, e Jeffrey B. Johnson. "Portable Realtime Volcano Infrasound Auditory Display Devices". In ICAD 2021: The 26th International Conference on Auditory Display. icad.org: International Community for Auditory Display, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21785/icad2021.012.

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Active open-vent volcanoes produce intense infrasound airwaves, and volcanoes with prominent craters can create strongly resonant signals, which are inaudible to humans, and often peak around 1 Hz. Study of volcano infrasound is used to model eruption dynamics, the structure of volcanic craters, and can be used as a component of volcano monitoring infrastructure. We have developed a portable on-site real-time sonification device that emits an audible sound in response to an infrasonic airwave. This device can be used near an active volcano both as a real-time educational aid and as an accessible tool for monitoring the state of volcano activity. This paper presents this device with its hardware and software implementation, its parameter mapping sonification algorithm, recommendations for its use in the field, and strategies for future improvements.
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Amici, Stefania, e Barbara Castello. "PAPER VOLCANOES LABORATORY". In 11th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2018.2491.

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Weibring, P., T. Lindström, H. Edner, S. Svanberg, T. Caltabiano, G. Cecchi e L. Pantani. "Assessment of the total emission of sulphur dioxide from Italian volcanoes in simultaneous shipborne measurements using lidar, doas and correlation spectroscopy". In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cmi4.

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Volcanoes contribute substantial amounts of sulphur dioxide to the global atmosphere, and thus reliable measurements are needed for an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural and antropogenic emissions. Normally, gas correlation measurements based on COSPEC instruments are performed, observing in ground-based traverses the spectral imprint of the gas in the spectrum of the down-welling ambient radiation. However, because of complicated scattering conditions above, within and below the volcanic plume, data are complex. The differential optical absorption spectroscopy (doas) technique works in a similar way but also provides the full spectrum for detailed analysis. The lidar technique, being an active remote sensing technique, provides more well-defined measurement conditions. Field tests have been performed using the research vessel "Urania", where scans under the plumes from the Italian volcanoes Etna, Stromboli and Volcano were performed. Three cruises were made, where the last one, in August 1997, provided the most complete and accurate data.
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Urai, Minoru. "Volcano observations with aster and ASTER Image Database for Volcanoes". In IGARSS 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2011.6050018.

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Kent, Adam J. R., Christy Till e Kari Cooper. "What Makes Volcanoes Erupt?" In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1282.

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Gulmammadov, Rashad. "Seismic geomechanics of mud volcanoes". In International Conference and Exhibition, Barcelona, Spain, 3-6 April 2016. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/ice2016-6328337.1.

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Nunez, Luis A., Ricardo de Leon-Barrios, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, José Sanabria-Gómez, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, Rolando Calderón-Ardila, Christian Sarmiento-Cano et al. "Muography for the Colombian Volcanoes". In 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.395.0280.

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Georgen, Jen. "MARINE VOLCANOES AND SEAFLOOR ERUPTIONS". In Joint 56th Annual North-Central/ 71st Annual Southeastern Section Meeting - 2022. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022nc-375798.

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Rees, Shannon K., Nancy Riggs, Ryan C. Porter, William K. Barba, Matt Bloomfield, Fernando Corbo, Gerardo Carrasco-Núñez e Michael H. Ort. "GEOPHYSICAL ANALYSIS OF YOUNG MONOGENETIC VOLCANOES". In Joint 70th Annual Rocky Mountain GSA Section / 114th Annual Cordilleran GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018rm-314234.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Volcanoes"

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Wilson, A. M., e M. C. Kelman. Assessing the relative threats from Canadian volcanoes. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328950.

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This report presents an analysis of the threat posed by active volcanoes in Canada and outlines directives to bring Canadian volcano monitoring and research into alignment with global best practices. We analyse 28 Canadian volcanoes in terms of their relative threat to people, aviation and infrastructure. The methodology we apply to assess volcanic threat was developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) as part of the 2005 National Volcano Early Warning System (NVEWS). Each volcano is scored on a number of hazard and exposure factors, producing an overall threat score. The overall threat scores are then assigned to five threat categories ranging from Very Low to Very High. We adjusted the methodology slightly to better suit Canadian volcano conditions by adding an additional knowledge uncertainty score; this does not affect the threat scoring or ranking. Our threat assessment places two volcanoes into the Very High threat category (Mt. Meager and Mt. Garibaldi). Three Canadian volcanoes score in the High threat category (Mt. Cayley, Mt. Price and Mt. Edziza) and two volcanoes score in the Moderate threat category (the Nass River group and Mt. Silverthrone). We compare the ranked Canadian volcanoes to similarly scored volcanoes in the USA and assess the current levels of volcano monitoring against internationally recognised monitoring strategies. We find that even the most thoroughly-studied volcano in Canada (Mt. Meager) falls significantly short of the recommended monitoring level (Mt. Meager is currently monitored at a level commensurate with a Very Low threat edifice, according to NVEWS recommendations). All other Canadian volcanoes are unmonitored (other than falling within a regional seismic network emplaced to monitor tectonic earthquakes). Based on the relative threat and scientific uncertainty surrounding some Canadian volcanoes, we outline five strategies to improve volcano monitoring in Canada and lower the uncertainty about eruption style and frequency: installation of real-time seismic stations at all Very High and High threat volcanoes, comprehensive lithofacies studies at Mt. Garibaldi in order to reduce uncertainty surrounding the frequency and style of volcanism, hazard mapping at Mt. Garibaldi and Mt. Cayley and publication of existing hazard analyses and mapping for Mt. Meager as a comprehensive hazard map, regular satellite-based ground deformation monitoring at all Very High to Moderate threat edifices, and, finally, installation of a landslide detection and alerting system at Mt. Meager.
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Wilson, A. M., e M. C. Kelman. Assessing the relative threats from Canadian volcanoes. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328950.

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Abstract (sommario):
This report presents an analysis of the threat posed by active volcanoes in Canada and outlines directives to bring Canadian volcano monitoring and research into alignment with global best practices. We analyse 28 Canadian volcanoes in terms of their relative threat to people, aviation and infrastructure. The methodology we apply to assess volcanic threat was developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) as part of the 2005 National Volcano Early Warning System (NVEWS). Each volcano is scored on a number of hazard and exposure factors, producing an overall threat score. The overall threat scores are then assigned to five threat categories ranging from Very Low to Very High. We adjusted the methodology slightly to better suit Canadian volcano conditions by adding an additional knowledge uncertainty score; this does not affect the threat scoring or ranking. Our threat assessment places two volcanoes into the Very High threat category (Mt. Meager and Mt. Garibaldi). Three Canadian volcanoes score in the High threat category (Mt. Cayley, Mt. Price and Mt. Edziza) and two volcanoes score in the Moderate threat category (the Nass River group and Mt. Silverthrone). We compare the ranked Canadian volcanoes to similarly scored volcanoes in the USA and assess the current levels of volcano monitoring against internationally recognised monitoring strategies. We find that even the most thoroughly-studied volcano in Canada (Mt. Meager) falls significantly short of the recommended monitoring level (Mt. Meager is currently monitored at a level commensurate with a Very Low threat edifice, according to NVEWS recommendations). All other Canadian volcanoes are unmonitored (other than falling within a regional seismic network emplaced to monitor tectonic earthquakes). Based on the relative threat and scientific uncertainty surrounding some Canadian volcanoes, we outline five strategies to improve volcano monitoring in Canada and lower the uncertainty about eruption style and frequency: installation of real-time seismic stations at all Very High and High threat volcanoes, comprehensive lithofacies studies at Mt. Garibaldi in order to reduce uncertainty surrounding the frequency and style of volcanism, hazard mapping at Mt. Garibaldi and Mt. Cayley and publication of existing hazard analyses and mapping for Mt. Meager as a comprehensive hazard map, regular satellite-based ground deformation monitoring at all Very High to Moderate threat edifices, and, finally, installation of a landslide detection and alerting system at Mt. Meager.
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Kelman, M., G. Williams-Jones e Warwick. Volcanoes. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330529.

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Nye, C. J. Volcanoes of Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/484.

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Nye, C. J. Volcanoes of Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/7043.

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Nye, C. J. Aleutian Arc Volcanoes. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/1678.

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Hickson, C. J., e B. R. Edwards. Volcanoes and volcanic hazards. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/212217.

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Cameron, C. E., J. R. Schaefer e K. M. Mulliken. Historically active volcanoes of Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, dicembre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/30142.

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Cameron, C. E., J. R. Schaefer e P. G. Ekberg. Historically active volcanoes of Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, febbraio 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/30426.

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Woods, Ken. Historically Active Volcanoes of Alaska. DGGS, novembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/historically_active_volcanoes.

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