Tesi sul tema "Voie du MEP"
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Simonet, Basile. "Synthèse d'outils moléculaires pour l'étude des enzymes de la voie du MEP". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIMS023.
Testo completoThe MEP pathway is present in a majority of pathogen bacteria, Apicomplexa parasites and in the plastid of chlorophyllian vegetal cells to produce isoprenoids naturally. This synthetic pathway is absent from animals metabolism, therefore its seven consecutive enzymes constitute interesting targets for the development of innovative anti-infective drugs. Our project focuses on two enzymes from this pathway: the metalloenzyme IspG, an iron-sulfur clustered enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclopyrophosphate (MEcPP) into 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl 4-pyrophosphate (HMBPP); and the enzyme IspD, which catalyzes the conversion of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) into 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol (CDP-ME). In order to study the relationship between substrate MEcPP structural modifications and inhibition of the enzyme IspG, we describe therein the synthesis of trifluoromethylated analogues and mimics of the activated complex. These molecules are designed to inhibit different steps of the reaction catalyzed by IspG (carbocation formation, successive reductions, dihydroxylation). On the other hand, we describe the synthesis of MEP analogues designed as fraudulent substrates recognized by IspD. Lastly, the results of enzymatic assays testing these molecules on enzymes IspG and IspD are described
Bianchino, Gabriella ines. "La métalloenzyme IspH, une source pour la découverte de nouveaux agents antimicrobiens". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAF016.
Testo completoOne way to tackle the arising antimicrobial resistance is to focus on underexploited series of target enzymes. In most bacteria and some parasites, the isoprenoid precursors are synthesized via the 2C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, which is absent in humans, and it thus represents an interesting target for the development of novel anti-infectives. IspH is an oxidoreductase containing an oxygen-sensitive [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster that catalyzes the last step of the MEP pathway converting HMBPP into IPP and DMAPP. A multidisciplinary strategy has been applied for the discovery of new classes of inhibitors against IspH from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium falciparum. A method was developed to produce the IspH orthologs as holoenzymes, followed by the development of the enzymatic assay which was used for an in vitro screening campaign of different chemical libraries. The latter led to the discovery of a novel potent inhibitor targeting the three orthologs object of this study. Moreover, a prodrug approach has been exploited for an already known E. coli IspH inhibitor ((E)-4-amino-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate) with the goal of reaching antibacterial, antitubercular, and antimalarial activity
Ponaire, Sarah. "Synthèse d'analogues de substrats ou d'inhibiteurs d'enzymes de la voie du 2-C-méthyl-D-érythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pour la synthèse des isoprénoïdes". Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/PONAIRE_Sarah_2010_ED222.pdf.
Testo completoIsoprenoïds are components of the vast family of « natural compounds » present in all living organisms. They are biosynthetically obtained by two distinct pathways: the mevalonate pathway and the 2-C-methylerithritol 4-phosphate pathway; the latter is present in numerous pathogenous microorganisms and parasites. Growing microorganism resistance to antibiotics and antiparasitics forces us to identify new therapeutic targets to fight against pathogens. The great advantage of the 2-C-methylerithritol 4-phosphate pathway is that it is absent in humans thus being the ideal target to discover new antibiotics. To that end, we decided to synthesize six prodrugs derived from two phosphonic acids previously obtained in our research group. The latter, directly related to fosmidomycin were proven to be potent inhibitors of E. Coli’s DXR enzyme. The new prodrugs were tested on tobacco cell cultures, on BY-2 as well on Mycobacterium smegmatis. Results obtained on BY-2 show that our prodrugs are stronger inhibitors than fosmidomycin. Moreover, they still have an inhibitory effect on very low concentrations were fosmidomycin does not. In addition, organic synthesis of 2-C-methylerithritol 4-phosphate was studied. Though various protecting groups of the phosphate moiety were used and numerous protection / deprotection steps were tested, 2-C-methylerithritol 4-phosphate was never obtained. We then pursued our efforts on synthesizing dihydroyacetone phosphate, a small organic compound found in various metabolic pathways. The organic synthesis we propose surpasses all others by its simplicity and efficiency. Finally, we tried to synthesize L-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; this compound is the enantiomericaly pure substrate of DXS (deoxyxylulose phosphate synthase). Though many different synthetic schemes were tested, none of them yielded the desired product
Ginis, Olivia. "Identification de facteurs de transcription régulateurs de la voie de biosynthèse des alcaloïdes indoliques monoterpéniques chez Catharanthus roseus". Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR4014/document.
Testo completoCatharanthus roseus is a tropical plant producing specifically monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIA) of high interest due to their therapeutical values. In C. roseus cells, the terpenoid branch including the methyl erythritol phosphate pathway (MEP) provides the MIA terpenoid moiety and is regarded as limited for MIA biosynthesis. This branch presents a coordinated transcriptional regulation in response to hormonal signals leading to MIA production. In this context, bioinformatic analysises and functional characterization of MEP pathway gene promoters allowed the identification of new transcription factor families involved in the MIA pathway regulation. Members of ZCT proteins, WRKY and type B RR families specifically interact with the hds promoter from the MEP pathway and regulate its activity. This work permits to gain into insight the transcriptional network controlling the MIA biosynthesis. It is possible now to consider using transcription factor that act as activators and target genes from the terpenoid branch to increase the accumulation of alkaloids of pharmaceutical interest in C. roseus by metabolic engineering approaches
Guirimand, Grégory. "Organisation cellulaire et subcellulaire de la voie de biosynthèse des alcaloïdes indoliques monoterpéniques de Catharantus roseus". Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4014/document.
Testo completoCatharanthus roseus is a tropical plant from the Apocynaceae family with a great therapeutic value due to its ability to synthesize monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIA) used in cancer treatment. The yields of these molecules in planta are very low due to a very high level of compartmentation of the biosynthetic pathway at both cellular and subcellular levels. While the cellular compartmentation was widely characterized, very few in situ subcellular localization data were available at the beginning of this PhD. An accurate knowledge of this compartmentation is necessary to identify intermediate metabolites transport events from one compartment to another one, in order to increase the MIA biosynthesis yield by metabolic engineering approaches. In this context we have proceed to the exhaustive study of the subcellular localization of these enzymes by in vivo GFP imaging in C. roseus cells transformed by biolistic. Potential interprotein interactions of these enzymes have also been studied by BiFC. Altogether, our results enabled us to draw an integrated model of the cellular and subcellular organization of MIA biosynthesis in situ
Chebbi, Mouadh. "Implication de facteurs de transcription de type doigt de zinc et de la famille des WRKY dans la régulation de la voie du MEP et de la biosynthèse des alcaloïdes indoliques monoterpéniques de Catharanthus roseus". Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR3801/document.
Testo completoMonoterpene indole alkaloids (MIA) are molecules with anti-cancer properties from Catharanthus roseus. Their production cost and the important need in chemiotherapy make them major targets for the research of more efficient production strategies. The aim of this work is to identify new transcription factors (TF) that regulate MIA production. This study focuses especially on the functional characterization and the involvement in the MIA biosynthesis regulation, of proteins previously isolated in the EA2106 “Plant Biocompounds and Biotechnology” laboratory: 3 proteins that belong to the WRKY family (CrWRKYs) and 3 zinc finger proteins named ZCTs. Our experiments revealed that among them, CrWRKY22, CrWRKY32, ZCT1 and ZCT2 act as transcription factors and more specifically interact with the promoter of Crhds gene. Crhds encodes an enzyme of the methyl erythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway that is considered as limiting for MIA production. Our work allowed identifying new TFs targeting the MEP pathway those regulation through TFs is mostly unknown. Using such transcription factors in metabolic engineering could be now considered increasing MIA production by the modulation of terpenoid flux in C. roseus
Sippelli, Simona. "Nouvelle Voie d'isolement du RM6P : Biosynthèse et synthèse de dérivés du M6P". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS157.
Testo completoThe cation-indipendent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) is a trans membrane glycoprotein implicated in numerous biological processes such as the transporting of the lysosomal enzymes to the lysosomes and in the phenomenon known as angiogenesis.The analogues of M6P have proven themselves to be effectors of tumour angiogenesis.The synthesis new bidentates derivatives, functionalised with analogues derivatives of M6P, opens the way to a new method to isolate the CI-MPR.These “biological antennae” will be used to study binding affinity with the receptor CI-MPR. In prospective, a new class of Sepharose derivatives, functionalised with ours bidentates ligands, will be generated to be used in the traditional technique of purifying proteins
Garcia, Cécile. "Synthèse de nanoparticules par voie électrochimique". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30179.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the synthesis of metallic (Ni-Co alloy) and oxide (Fe3O4), nanoparticles elaborated by an electrochemical process in ethanol medium. The study and the optimization made on the process lead to produce bimetallic nanoparticles of Ni/Co stabilized by surfactant with a rod-like morphology. A systematic experimental study shows clear relation between the synthesis parameters (current density, water percentage in ethanol, synthesis time, reagent concentration) and the morphology and structure of these Ni/Co nano-rods or wires. Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were also obtained using a new process based on direct electro-precipitation of an oxide in a dry solvent. This very simple process allows to produce quasi-monodisperse spherical nanoparticles (2-5 nm) in an ethanol medium without any stabilizing agent. To characterize these various nanoparticles, we systematically used transmission electron microscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering
Yang, Chenguang. "Security in Voice Authentication". Digital WPI, 2014. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/79.
Testo completoHadj-Kacem, Imed. "Allocation de ressources : optimisation des symboles pilotes et de la voie de retour". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0522/document.
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Merell, Robin. "Implementation av in-house applikation med möjligheter tillIP-telefoni". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-93318.
Testo completoPlacet, Morgane. "CDK8 : une cible de la voie KRAS/MAP Kinase dans la carcinogénèse colorectale". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/572.
Testo completoAoidi, Rifdat. "Étude du rôle de la voie ERK/MAPK dans le développement embryonnaire chez la souris". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27476.
Testo completoLes mammifères possèdent deux MAP kinases kinases (MEK1 et MEK2), impliquées dans l’activation de la voie ERK/MAPK essentielle pour la différenciation, la prolifération et la survie cellulaire. Le premier objectif de cette thèse était de déterminer si les fonctions des kinases MEK1 et MEK2 sont redondantes durant le développement embryonnaire. Les souris Mek1-/- meurent à mi-gestation d’une malformation du placenta. Les souris Mek2-/- ne présentent aucun phénotype majeur, suggérant que ces deux protéines ont des rôles différents. Cependant, la plupart des mutants Mek1+/-Mek2+/- meurent pendant la gestation d’un sous-développement du placenta, indiquant que Mek1 et Mek2 ont chacun un rôle dans le développement des tissus extraembryonnaires. À ce jour aucune évidence claire ne permet de statuer sur la redondance fonctionnelle de MEK1 et MEK2. Afin de vérifier la spécificité fonctionnelle de Mek1 et Mek2, nous avons généré au laboratoire un allèle « knockin », exprimant l’ADNc de Mek2 sous contrôle du locus Mek1 (Mek12). L’analyse de ces souris a révélé la redondance fonctionnelle entre MEK1 et MEK2. L’analyse de combinaisons alléliques de Mek a démontré qu’une expression minimale de protéines MEK est cruciale pour le développement embryonnaire et la survie. Le second objectif de cette thèse était de caractériser les mutants Mp1. Les protéines d’échafaudage permettent de moduler l’activité de la voie ERK/MAPK et facilitent la transmission rapide du signal. Parmi les protéines d’échafaudage connues, seule MP1 (Mek Partner 1) a été identifiée comme étant un partenaire spécifique de MEK1 et ERK1. Cette spécificité suggère que MP1 pourrait contribuer à la différence d’activation de MEK1 et MEK2 en spécifiant le signal qui passe par Mek1. Afin d’étudier le rôle de Mp1 au cours du développement chez la souris, nous avons généré des souris Mp1-/-. L’analyse de ces mutants indique que le gène Mp1 est essentiel pour la survie et que sa fonction est nécessaire suite à la post-implantation. La dérégulation de la voie ERK/MAPK dans le développement chez l’homme a aussi des conséquences phénotypiques. Au cours des dernières années, une classe de syndromes a été caractérisée : Les « Rasophaties ». Ces syndromes partagent des caractéristiques communes qui sont, une mutation dans des gènes de la voie ERK/MAPK, une dysmorphologie cranio-faciale, des malformations cardiaques et cutanées ainsi qu’un retard mental. Parmi les mutations de la voie ERK/MAPK qui ont été identifiées, une mutation ponctuelle dans le gène Mek1 (Mek1Y130C) cause le syndrome Cardio-Facio-Cutané (CFC). Le dernier objectif de cette thèse était de générer un modèle animal pour le CFC portant la mutation Mek1Y130C. Les souris portant l’allèle Mek1Y130C présentent les phénotypes associés au CFC (i.e sténose pulmonaire, dysmorphologie cranio-faciale et défauts neurologiques).
Mammals possess two MAP kinase kinase (MEK1 and MEK2), involved in ERK/MAPK pathway. This pathway is essential for proliferation, differentiation and cell survival. The first objective of my thesis was to determinate if MEK1 and MEK2 kinases are redundant during embryonic development. Mek1-/- mice die at embryonic day E10.5 due to placental defects, whereas Mek2-/- mice survive with a normal lifespan suggesting that MEK1 possesses functions not shared by MEK2. However, most Mek1+/-Mek2+/- embryos also die from placental defects, indicating that both Mek genes contribute to placental development. To date, no clear evidence on MEK1 and MEK2 redundancy has been provided. To assess the functional specificity of the Mek1 and Mek2 genes, we produced a Mek1-knockin allele in which the Mek2 coding sequences were placed under the control of Mek1 regulatory sequences. Analyzing these mice allowed us to demonstrate that MEK1 and MEK2 can substitute for each other and that a minimal amount of MEK is critical for placenta development and embryo survival. The second objective of my thesis was to characterize Mp1 mutants. Scaffold proteins modulate MAPK pathway by providing spatial and temporal specificity. Among known ERK/MAPK scaffold proteins, only MP1 (Mek Partner 1) is specific to MEK1 and ERK1, raising the question of the specificity of MP1 in the regulation of ERK/MAPK pathway via MEK1. In order to investigate Mp1 function in vivo, we generated Mp1 knock-out mice. Analyzing these mice enable us to suggest that Mp1 is required for embryonic development and is essential during post-implantation. Deregulation of Ras/MAPK pathway also causes developmental phenotypes in human. During the last decade, a new class of syndromes, which share common phenotypes such as mutations in Ras/MAPK pathway, cranio-facial dysmorphology, cardiac and cutaneous malformations and neurological delay has been described and named Rasophaties. Among the DNA mutations found in rasopathies, the Mek1 mutation, Mek1Y130C, causes cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFC). The last objective of my thesis was to generate a mouse model of CFC, with the Mek1Y130C mutation. I found that mice carrying the Mek1Y130C mutation partially recapitulate CFC syndrome (i.e pulmonary stenosis, crani-facial dysmophia and neurological defects).
Bouveret, Yves Maurice. "Let us now praise famous men de james agee ou la voie du reel". Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA070059.
Testo completoLet uq now praise famous men has long been recognized as a major work of lit erature but this greatness seems to elude demonstration: we have tried to show that it was essentially an account of a complex experience in which what started as sensitive exploration becomes an exstatic 'way of knowing'. After rejecting the obvious but misleading journalistic and literary approaches, we have followed the journey of its author from 'voyeur' to 'seer' this journey provides the materials for a theory of the real akin to that of french philosopher clement rosset. Thus refocused, the account of the experience has more in common with philosophy and mysticism than social ethnology. This according to us is the paradoxical reason why the social documentary works so powerfully. We then examine agee's strategies to eschew both 'literature' and silence his techniques of communication relying on direct manipulation of the reader' s unconscious suggested to us a parallel with those of milton h erickson. Lastly we show agee's exstatic experience of the real informs his film criticism of the 40's. And we assess the importance of his attempt for the survival of culture in the age of simulation
Bouveret, Yves Maurice. ""Let us now praise famous men" de James Agee ou la voie du réel". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612276v.
Testo completoAubin, Maria. "La voix (voie) de la mer : Impacts des changements politiques, sociaux et environnementaux sur les pratiques et les savoirs locaux des pêcheurs de homards de la région sud de la Gaspésie". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29563/29563.pdf.
Testo completoArmelle, Calipel Armelle. "Etude de L'implication de la voie RAF/MEK/ERK dans la tumorigenese du mélanome choroïdien humain". Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077085.
Testo completoThe choroidal melanorna is the most frequent of the malignant intraocular tumors in adult humans. New methods of radiotherapy (protontherapie) are very effective and allow the conservation of the eye. However, very early hepatic disseminations occur in approximately 50% of the subjects and sometimes several years after the initial diagnostic. Althouqh the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of cell proliferation may be important for the development of therapeutic strategies, little is known about the molecular pathoqenesis of the choroidal melanoma. We have shown firstly that ERK1/2 is a kev signalinq pathway for the acquisition of oncogenic behaviour in choroidal melanoma cells. Secondly, the implication of B-Raf (mutated or not) is highlighted in the suractivation of MEK/ERK. Raf-1 is not committed in this suractivation. Thirdly, B-Raf is activated by cAMP via constitutive activation of the PKA. Finally an autocrine loop, SCF/c-Kit activates module MEK/ERK in certain cells lines of choroidal melanoma. Based on these observations, we can propose potentials therapeutic target for choroidal melanoma. Preliminary in vitro studies showed that a pharmacological inhibitor of c-Kit, the STI571 reduces proliferation and transformation of the choroidal melanoma cells expressed the receptor c-Kit. Similar effects were observed with BAY 43-9006, a Raf inhibitor. Therefore these two molecules could be used in therapeutics strategies and future treatments, although they must be validated in vivo
Ant, Cemile. "Rôle de la voie de signalisation MAP kinase Mps1 dans la pathogénie fongique et dans le contrôle de l'intégrité de la paroi". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603704.
Testo completoChetoui, Nizar. "Caractérisation du rôle de la protéine kinase MEK1 dans les voies de transduction des MAP kinases". Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22589/22589.pdf.
Testo completoIsaksson, Kristoffer. "Vuxna med enkelsidig genomgående läpp-, käk- ochgomspalt : Perceptuell röstbedömning med Stockholm Voice EvaluationApproach (SVEA)". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Logopedi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-196632.
Testo completoCleft lip and palate (CLP) may cause impairments in speech, articulation and voice. Treatment of patients with CLP include different types of palatoplasty. Recent studies have found a comparable prevalence rate of dysphonia in adult patients treated for CLP and controls without cleft. The purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of dysphonic deviation in adult patients treated for unilateral CLP and determine, if any, the relationship between voice quality outcome and differences in surgical procedures, gender, palatoplasty with or without pharyngeal flap surgery and compare the voice characteristics with age related normative data. Seventy patients treated for unilateral CLP with one- or two-stage palatoplasty participated in this study, of which 45 patientshad undergone one-stage palatoplasty and 25 patients two-stage palatoplasty. Eleven ofthe patients had also undergone pharyngeal flap surgery. Data from an age matched non-cleft group consisted of 63 participants. Sound recordings of participants' voices were perceptually assessed by two speech-language pathologists. Individual ratings of randomized and blinded sound recordings were performed. Inter- and intra-raterreliability was calculated. The study showed a lower degree of dysphonia in patients treated for unilateral CLP than earlier studies. Among patients treated for unilateral CLP and the non-cleft group, a degree of approximately 5/100 voice quality deviation was found. ”Vocal fry” was found significantly lower in patients treated for CLP than the non-cleft group. Measures of voice parameters did not differ significantly between patients and non-cleft groups. Patients that had undergone palatoplasty in one or two stages showed no significant differences in voice parameters. Minor statistical significance was found in a few of the measured voice parameters as related to gender. Between patients that had undergone pharyngeal flap surgery and those that had not no differences were found.
Hengen, Johanna, e Malin Petersson. "Utvärdering av röstbehandling med Rösthandikappindex (RHI)". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Logopedi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-93473.
Testo completoIn accordance to the Swedish law of Health- and medical treatments, every intervention should systematically evolve and be improved in terms of safety (HSL, SFS 1982:763). Voice therapy is no exception. Six voice clinics participated in a collaborative project between Linköping University and the south-east hospital region by letting every patient receiving voice therapy complete the Swedish version of the Voice Handicap Index, RHI, at the beginning and end of their treatment. This study has a two-parted aim. The first aim of this study was to examine whether the sum of the participants’ scores on RHI changed after completed therapy and if gender, age, vocal strain within the occupation or the number of therapy sessions had an effect on their score. The second aim of the study was to construct a survey to analyze working speech-language pathologist’s views on RHI as a tool for evaluating voice problems and voice therapy. The material from the survey consisted of the answers from 23 respondents. The patient data includes the results from 350 patients’ scores. Analysis of the data reveals that the typical voice patient is a woman in her fifties with the diagnosis dysphonia. The prevalence of certain diagnoses varies greatly between the participating voice clinics. Wilcoxon sign rank test points to a significant difference in RHI-scores before (MD = 42) and after (MD = 23) therapy with an average decrease of 19 median points in the RHI-index with a substantial observed effect size (.55). The observed difference surpasses the previously suggested threshold limit for clear intervention effect during the development of VHI and RHI. Age had a significant effect on the median score of RHI at the start and end of therapy, but the observed difference between the two measurements were not affected. Differences could be observed between the voice clinics regarding the average number of therapeutic appointments, the average length of the therapy and the average difference in RHI-scores after completed therapy. From the responses in the survey, the participating SLPs were generally predominately positive to the idea of RHI as a tool for evaluating voice problems and voice therapy. The majority of the respondents did however mention weaknesses in RHI when used as a tool for evaluation.
O'Neill, Maureen. "The mystery of mapness : the void between mind and map". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2007. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-mystery-of-mapness(2ba04379-cba4-45b9-afae-9a0c51c4868e).html.
Testo completoHenchiri, Mohamed Habib. "Crénothérapie des voies aériennes : recherche fondamentale, études statistiques, essais cliniques, résumé et réflexion sur les travaux publiés depuis 1960". Grenoble 1, 1989. https://santhese.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/1989GRE16001-henchiri-mohamed-habib-MP-arc.pdf.
Testo completoTremblay, Isabelle. "La cascade KRas/Raf/Mek/Erk favorise la transcription-dépendante de la voie de signalisation Notch". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6664.
Testo completoGosselin, Romain-Daniel. "Implication de la chimiokine MCP-1/CCL-2 dans la physiologie médullaire de la voie nociceptive". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066268.
Testo completoDana, Katherine. "Rennes et la mer. Création, développement et fonctionnement d’une voie fluviomaritime : la Vilaine (XVIe-XVIIe siècles)". Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIL441.
Testo completoNatural link between Rennes and the sea, the river Vilaine in the early modern period was only navigable in its lower valley. From the ocean, vessels flowed in the river Vilaine estuary to Redon harbour. Upstream, small boats could reach Messac harbour, which was the term of the waterway. Further upstream, Rennes is located about thirty kilometers from Messac. Most city of Brittany, Rennes didn’t take full advantage of its situation on the banks of the river Vilaine. In the 16th century, the city council instigated the river Vilaine development between Messac and Rennes. The aim was to relate Rennes to the river-sea shipping. At the end of the 16th century, the river Vilaine was sustainably channeled thanks to a modern lock system. Navigation expanded to the city of Rennes. In the 17th century, the waterway became an essential supply line for Rennes
Enhorn, Cina. "Återgivning av ordlistor presenterade med alternerande röster: En jämförelse mellan två återgivningsinstruktioner". Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Education and Psychology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-588.
Testo completoIn many earlier investigations a recall advantage of auditory lists spoken in a single voice has been found over recall of lists spoken in two alternating voices. One explanation proposed is an organization strategy which makes recall of alternating-voice lists so difficult. The strategy implies sorting same-voice words into same-voice groups at encoding. Based on this proposition, it was assumed that voice-by-voice recall would be better than recall in order of presentation, as then the recall instruction and the organization of items in memory would be in concordance. The present experiment tested and was unable to support this hypothesis. However, an intriguing interaction between recall instruction and the sex of the participants was found, indicating that males perform worse in the voice-by-voice recall instruction than in serial recall while females’ performance did not differ between the two recall instructions. Implications of these results are discussed.
Bouaouina, Mohamed. "Etude de la voie de signalisation activatrice des intégrines beta2 et beta3 dans les neutrophiles et les plaquettes". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066013.
Testo completoLemieux, Étienne. "Rôle de la voie KRAS/ERK MAP kinase dans la différenciation, la transformation et la tumorigénèse des cellules de l’épithélium intestinal". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5391.
Testo completoDevemy, Emmanuelle. "Transduction du signal de l'erythropoietine : voie des map kinases et systeme glycosylphosphatidylinositol/inositolphosphate-glycanne ; etude dans des cellules normales et cancereuses". Reims, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REIMP203.
Testo completoGailhouste, Luc. "Spécificité fonctionnelle de la voie des MAP Kinases MEK/ERK dans la croissance tumorale des cellules hépatiques transformées : microscopie multiphoton appliquée à l’étude de la fibrose du foie". Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S060.
Testo completoChronic liver diseases lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis and the development of hepatocarcinoma. The MAP Kinases MEK/ERK pathway plays a critical role by regulating several processes in normal and tumoral cells. This study point out the central role of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 kinases in cancer. The crucial function of MEK1 and ERK2 proteins in tumor growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma is demonstrated in vitro and in vivo, as well as a specific phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by MEK1 in response to growth factors. Targeting MEK1 and MEK2 could improve significantly therapeutic protocols by chemotherapy. Efficient and reproducible tools improving diagnosis of liver fibrosis before the development of hepatocarcinoma is a real necessity. The second part of this work allowed the development of a new method making an accurate histopathological assessment of liver fibrosis (SHG Fibrosis Index) possible by multiphoton microscopy, employing scoring of second harmonic signals generated by fibrillar collagen deposits
Merle, Tatiana. "Conservation entre Cnidaires et Bilatériens d’une voie mécanosensible induisant la formation de l’endomésoderme". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS510.
Testo completoThe emergence of the mesoderm is an important -but still poorly understood- evolutionary transition. Previously, the team identified a mechanosensitive pathway inducing mesoderm specification in bilaterian embryos. The mechanical constraints of the first morphogenetic movements induce the phosphorylation of the junctional ßcat and the activation of the pathway. To test its evolutionary origins, we worked on the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis, who diverged from bilaterians more than 600 million years ago. We tested the activation of the ßcat mechanosensitive pathway by mechanical cues and its role in endomesoderm specification. By carrying out immunofluorescence imaging at the gastrulation stage, we showed that the ßcat is phosphorylated (p-ßcat) in the constricted cells of the future endomesoderm. We observed that the inhibition of the actin network densification - upon morpholinos injections (StbmMO) - inhibits the p-ßcat. This phosphorylation is mechanosensitive since we rescued p-ßcat levels to normal by compressing inhibited embryos. Through computer analysis, we found that the junctional actin signals and the p-ßcat signals are positively correlated. We postulate that the tensions induced by the actomyosin network, necessary for blastopore invagination, trigger the ßcat pathway. We also identified genes whose expression is altered by StbmMO injections and so maybe by mechanical constraint inhibition. These results indicate that the ßcat mechanosensitive pathway is conserved in a cnidarian and therefore dates back more than 600 million years
Jager, Jennifer. "Implication de la voie de signalisation des MAP kinases ERK dans l'inflammation du tissu adipeux et l'insulinorésistance lors de l'obésité". Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4082.
Testo completoObesity and type 2 diabetes are characterized by a resistance of the peripheral tissue to insulin action. In obesity, proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β) produced by adipose tissue are involved in the development of insulin resistance. Identification of the mechanisms linking inflammation and insulin resistance would be helpful to design new therapeutic targets to prevent type 2 diabetes. We have shown in vitro that pharmacological inhibition of the MAP kinase ERK pathway prevents IL-1β-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes. To investigate the role of ERK pathway in obesity-induced insulin resistance in vivo, we have invalidated ERK1 in obese and insulin resistant mice. The ob/ob-Erk1-/- mice obtained are obese but show an improvement of the insulin sensitivity, a decrease in adipose tissue inflammation and these mice are partially protected from hepatic steatosis. In a second part we have shown that the kinase Tpl2 specifically mediates inflammatory cytokines effects on ERK activation, lipolysis activation and IRS-1 serine phosphorylation in adipocytes. Moreover, we have shown that IL-1β and TNFα up-regulate Tpl2 expression in an IKKβ/NF-κB-dependant maner, which could explain the deregulated expression of Tpl2 in adipose tissue of obese mice and patients. These results show the implication of ERK pathway in obesity-induced insulin resistance, and that the Tpl2 kinase could be a new pharmacological target to fight type 2 diabetes
Lanzarotti, Nina. "Régulation de la réponse immunitaire T par l’apoptose et hyperactivation de la voie RAS". Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T038/document.
Testo completoLymphocytes apoptosis is essential in maintaining homeostasis and avoiding abnormal proliferation. When defective, autoimmune diseases as the Autoimmune LymphoProliferative Syndrome (ALPS), due to mutations of the death receptor FAS, can occur. Several pathways are important actors influencing the apoptosis cascade, including the RAS proto-oncogene signaling. The RAS Associated Lymphoproliferative Disease (RALD) is a newly described entity, similar to ALPS but with RAS mutations instead of FAS mutations, enlightening the primary role of RAS in apoptosis regulation. Interestingly, the same RAS mutations as observed in RALD are also the cause of a malignant proliferation, the Juvenile Myelo Monocytic Leukemia (JMML). In the case of JMML, RAS mutations can lead either to a mild (LS-JMML) or a severe (S-JMML) phenotype. Thus, three different phenotypes can be caused by the same oncogenic RAS mutations. In order to better understand and characterize the influence of oncogenic RAS mutations in lymphocytes’ apoptosis we studied it in patients presenting with RALD, LS-JMML and JMML. We showed that isolated RAS hyperactivity is not sufficient to induce an immune deregulation. Additional factors are required to do so. These factors influence both mitochondrial and extrinsic apoptosis pathways at a post-transcriptional level. They are due to probable genetic events, and their identification can lead to new therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, activated lymphocytes’ in vitro apoptosis assessment can help differentiating the three phenotypes and thus facilitate prognosis prediction
Lamarche, Anick. "Putting the Singing Voice on the Map : Towards Improving the Quantitative Evaluation of Voice Status in Professional Female Singers". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Musikakustik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9976.
Testo completoQC 20100726
Vinberg, Karl, Jacob Holm e Amer Basic. "Från periodisk inventering utan Pick By Voice till rullande inventering med Pick By Voice : En fallstudie på Företag X". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96750.
Testo completoTitle: From periodic inventory without Pick By Voice to continuous inventory with Pick By Voice - A case study at Company X Background and problem: Company X has chosen to implement the Pick By Voice picking technology, while at the same time considering the possibility of implementing a continuous inventory in connection with this. Questions that arise are what the laws and practices say for this area and what a possible implementation of continuous inventory should look like. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the need for a new inventory method through a pilot study and then develop an inventory process suitable for Company X conditions. This inventory process should be used in interaction with Pick By Voice. Furthermore, other companies in similar industries are also encouraged to review their current inventory method and whether they can implement a similar change of continuous inventory with Pick By Voice. Method: This study is a qualitative case study. The collection of empirical data has been carried out through the conduct of semi structured and unstructured interviews with companies and accounting firms. Conclusion: A now 65 years old tax law says that companies need to count their inventory at least once a year. As there is an insufficient description of how this should be done, while also warehouse management system get new development, this has placed greater emphasis on current practice. This so, especially when a company is implementing a continuous inventory method with Pick By Voice. Important steps in the implementation process have been confirmed to be crucial to fulfil by the company. Especially in order to achieve a successful implementation of the process, ensure that the process fulfil its required satisfaction level and to avoid occurrence of mistakes in the implementation process as well as in the inventory process. The combination of continuous inventory and Pick By Voice is considered to be significant in the reduction of further mistakes that occur or can occur in the inventory process. The determination of the inventory frequency is dependent on; type of market that the company operates in, number of occurring mistakes in the inventory process and if an increase in number of inventory occasions can contribute to an increase in the savings.
Lamarche, Anick M.-J. "Putting the singing voice on the map : towards improving the quantitative evaluation of voice status in professional female singers /". Stockholm : Datavetenskap och kommunikation, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9976.
Testo completoPellegrino, Christophe. "Neurotoxicité et neuroprotection médiées par les récepteurs NMDA : organisation spacio-temporelle de la voie des MAP kinases". Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22032.pdf.
Testo completoMy thesis project, is centered on the dichotomous role of the NMDAR and on the activation of the MAPKs signaling pathways. Many deseases and physiologic processes of the central nervous system are under control of the same type of molecules. This molecule is the NMDAR. This ionotropic glutamate receptor can trigger different responses based upon different stimuli. This discrepancy in neuronal cells could lead i) to physiologic responses such as LTP, LTD, neurite outgrowth and synapse formation, ii) to physiopathologic respones and as a final consequence could trigger cell death. The mechanisms underlying these phenomenom are not well known. It becomes crucial to determine how the NMDAR can discriminate between these different situmuli. Previous publications (Ivanov et al. , 2006;Krapivinsky et al. , 2003;Krapivinsky et al. , 2004) have all in common to highlight a specific coupling between NMDAR and the signaling cascades (Ras, Rap). Our work suggests that NMDAR could modulate ERK and p38 MAPK pathways. My hypothesis is that the selectivity occurs at different level, i) depending on the localization of the receptor, ii) depending on the composition of the receptor, iii) and finally depending on the signaling pathway linked to the receptor. During these three years, i tried to understand how these stimuli could modulate the NMDAR. This work leads me i) to develop some technical tools (Ackman et al. , 2009;Buerli et al. , 2007), ii) to make some important discoveries on the NMDAR functionning. That exists a differential ERK regulation depending on the location of the NMDAR (Ivanov et al. , 2006). That specific isoforms of p38 have differential functions in neuronal cells (Pellegrino et al. , in preparation)
Willaime-Morawek, Sandrine. "Apoptose neuronale et second messager céramide : étude des voies de signalisation intracellulaires". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066339.
Testo completoChaveroux, Cédric. "Identification d'une nouvelle voie de signalisation impliquée dans la régulation des gènes par les acides aminés, chez les mammifères". Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00726314.
Testo completoHaupaix, Nicolas. "Régulation de la voie MEK/ERK par la signalisation éphrine lors du développement neural chez l'ascidie Ciona intestinalis". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nice, 2014. http://theses.unice.fr/2014NICE4003.
Testo completoDuring my thesis study, I was involved in functional studies to demonstrate that p120-RasGAP, a GTPase-activating-protein (GAP), is a cytoplasmic mediator of the ephrin-mediated ERK attenuation. To confirm this notion, I conducted a co-immunoprecipitation experiment and demonstrated that p120-RasGAP associates with an ephrin receptor, Eph3, when the latter is activated by an ephrin ligand in ascidian embryos. These results strongly indicate that FGF and ephrin signals converge at the level of Ras and control its activity antagonistically. Following this finding, I looked for other cell fate specification events controlled by the antagonism between ephrin and FGF signals. In ascidian embryos, FGF signals are known to induce neural fates in ectodermal cells which otherwise adopt epidermal fates. Ascidian neural induction takes place at the 32-cell stage, resulting in specification of specific four cells as ERK1/2-active neural precursors among 16 ectodermal cells. I was able to demonstrate that ephrin/Eph/RasGAP signals counterbalance FGF neural inducing signals to generate the ON-OFF response of ERK activation among the ectodermal cells. Finally, in collaboration with a PhD student in Dr. Mike Levine’s lab (UC Berkeley), the antagonism between ephrin and FGF signals plays a role in regionalisation of the neural plate along the anterior-posterior axis
Haupaix, Nicolas. "Régulation de la voie MEK/ERK par la signalisation éphrine lors du développement neural chez l'ascidie Ciona intestinalis". Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059798.
Testo completoHagege, Anaïs. "Nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques dans les carcinomes épidermoïdes des voies aéro-digestives supérieures". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ6009.
Testo completoHead and Neck squamous cell carcinomas represent the 5th most aggressive cancer in the world. Innate or acquired resistances result in local or distant relapses following reference treatments including surgery, chemotherapy with cisplatin, and radiation therapy. Unfortunately, relapses are fatal shortly.The goal of my thesis is therefore to discover new therapeutic targets and strategies relevant for patients in therapeutic deadlock.The CAL33 and CAL27 cell lines from squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue were used as models. I derived cells resistant to radiation therapy and / or cisplatin for the first time.My research project is based on the identification of several kinases: Plk1 (Polo-like kinase), c-MET and AXL, overexpressed in HSNCC tumors. They are overexpressed in tumors resistant to standard treatments and high expression is correlated with a poor vital prognosis. My work had two axes.1- Understanding the mechanisms leading to the overexpression of Plk12- Determining the relevance of the therapeutic targeting of Plk1, c-MET and AXL.For Part 1, I determined that the protein "Roundabout Guidance Receptor 2 (ROBO2)", a receptor involved in organogenesis and axonal guidance during development, is a key component in controlling Plk1 expression. Inhibition by hypermethylation or deletion of ROBO2 in HSNCC cancers, would promote the overexpression of Plk1. ROBO2 would therefore act as a tumor suppressor.For Part 2, I showed that onvansertib (targeting Plk1) and cabozantinib (targeting AXL and c-MET) decrease the proliferation and invasion of sensitive and treatment-resistant cells (cisplatin and radiotherapy) that I generated in the laboratory. These treatments induce the death of cancer cells with low toxicity on normal cells. Onvansertib and cabozantinib strongly reduce the growth and invasiveness of experimental HNSCC tumors in nude mice and zebrafish. These two inhibitors are effective on 3D sections from biopsies of patients treated at the Cancer Center of Nice (Centre Antoine Lacassagne). Onvansertib shows a gain in efficacy in combination with standard treatments. These combinations make it possible to reduce the doses and therefore the toxicities of each treatment while maintaining maximum effectiveness. Therefore, onvansertib and cabozantinib offer new perspectives for patients with therapeutic deadlock on treatment with cisplatin and radiotherapy
Schick, Ulrike. "Modulation pharmacologique de la radiosensibilité tumorale des mélanomes par inhibition de MEK". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS151.
Testo completoRadiotherapy is used frequently in patients with melanoma, but results are suboptimal as these tumours frequently exhibit constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway through mutations involving RAS/RAF. Thus, we studied whether Trametinib, a potent and selective allosteric inhibitor of the MEK1/2 enzymes could improve efficacy of radiotherapy.Clonogenic survival assays were carried out in human BRAF (A375), NRAS (D04,WM1631), KRAS (WM1791c) mutant and wild type (PMWK) melanoma. The effects of Trametinib with and without irradiation (IR) on protein levels of MEK effectors were quantitated by immunoblot analyses. Cell cycle effects, DNA damage repair, mitotic catastrophe and senescence were measured using flow cytometry, γH2Ax, nuclear fragmentation and β-galactosidase staining, respectively. Additionally, nude mice with D04 flank tumours were treated with fractionated RT after gavage with Trametinib and monitored for tumours’ growth. All cell lines but PMWK exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity with IR and Trametinib compared to either agent alone. The sensitizer enhancement ratios were 1.70, 1.32, 1.22, and 1.70 for A375, D04, WM1361 and WM1791c, respectively. Trametinib efficiently blocked IR-induced phosphorylation of ERK at doses in the nanomolar range. This increased susceptibility correlated with a prolonged G1 arrest and reduction in the radioresistant S phase up to 48 hours following IR. A larger population of senescence activated β-galactosidase-positive cells was seen in the Trametinib pretreated group, and this correlated with an activation of two of the major mediator of induced senescence, p53 and pRb. Mice receiving the combination treatment (Trametinib 1mg/kg and IR ober 3 days) showed a reduced mean tumour volume compared with mice receiving Trametinib alone (p=0.016), or IR alone (p=0.047). No overt signs of drug toxicity were observed.Trametinib radiosensitized RAF/RAS mutated melanoma cells to radiation by inducing a prolonged G1 arrest and premature senescence. Combining Trametinib and IR is well tolerated but only moderately induces tumour growth inhibition in vivo
Hadj, Kacem Imed. "Allocation de ressources : optimisation des symboles pilotes et de la voie de retour". Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767871.
Testo completoPin, Anne-Laure. "Rôle des microarns dans la régulation de la voie pro-migratoire p38 activée par le VEGF". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29073/29073.pdf.
Testo completoEndothelial cell migration in response to VEGF is a crucial step of angiogenesis. VEGF binding to its receptor VEGFR2 results in the autophosphorylation of the receptor at tyrosine 1214, which induces the downstream activation of the p38 MAP-kinase pathway leading to actin cytoskeleton remodeling and cell migration. MicroRNAs are short, non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptionally gene expression. We identified two microRNAs, miR-20a and miR-196a, whose levels of expression were increased and decreased respectively in response to VEGF in endothelial cells. Both microRNAs modulate VEGF dependent-endothelial cell cytoskeleton remodeling, migration and angiogenesis. Also, we described that they are involved in regulating the p38 pathway. First, miR-20a acts upstream of p38, and negatively regulates MKK3 by specifically binding on MKK3 3’UTR. As MKK3 is a direct activator of p38 in response to VEGF, overexpression of miR-20a impairs p38 activation, the downstream activation of MAPKAPK2 and the phosphorylation of HSP27. Consequently, miR-20a reduces stress fibers formation, and subsequent endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. We conclude that miR-20a may act in a feedback loop to regulate the p38 pathway-mediated VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration. Then, miR-196a is decreased in response to VEGF and we demonstrate its specific binding on ANXA1 3’UTR. In accordance with our previous work demonstrating that ANXA1 is important for VEGF-induced endothelial migration downstream of p38 pathway, overexpression of miR-196a impairs lamellipodia and endothelial cell migratory capacities upon VEGF treatment, leading to angiogenic defects. We conclude that miR-196a acts in a synergetic mechanism with VEGF to facilitate endothelial cell migration, by maintaining high level of the pro-migratory protein ANXA1. Finally, our results implicate miR-20a and miR-196a in the angiogenic process and give new insights in p38 pathway-dependent endothelial cell migration regulation in response to VEGF. The present work opens new avenues for strategies and future development of therapeutics in line with the treatment of angiogenic pathologies.
Nicolini, Victoria. "Caractérisation de nouvelles voies cellulaires permettant la régulation des Processing-bodies dans le cancer". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ6007.
Testo completoProcessing-bodies (P-bodies) are cytoplasmic membraneless biocondensates that play an important role in various cellular processes by controlling RNA translation and decay. P-bodies are formed by the coalescence of untranslated mRNA and multiple RNA-binding proteins through liquid-liquid phase separation. Despite recent discoveries about their own key components, the cellular pathways that control the regulation of P-bodies are poorly understood. In this context, we have conducted a high content screening of FDA approved drugs to identify targets able to modulate P-body metabolism.For the first part of my PhD project, we decided to work on drugs that affect P-body dissolution with consequences on oncogene translation. In many human cancers, the MAPK (Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase) pathway is overactivated. Therefore, therapies targeting this pathway have been developed, such as MEK inhibitors, but these lead to resistance in cancer. One possible pathway of resistance has been linked to compensatory RAS oncogenes overexpression but the mechanisms underlying this response remained unclear. We found that upon treatment with MEK inhibitor treatment, P-bodies are dissolved leading to an increase of translation of KRAS and NRAS, two oncogenes upstream of the MAPK pathway. Overall, we have described a new feedback loop mechanism involving P-bodies in the translational regulation of RAS oncogenes and MAPK signaling.For the second part of my project, we worked on modulators that enhance P-body formation. We uncovered that glucocorticoids (GC) were able to reshape P-body number and size after 48 hours of treatment. By combining microscopy and biochemistry experiments, we found that this P-body regulation was associated with the dose-dependent activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in response to its ligand (such as dexamethasone, a GC). To better understand the link between GR activation and P-body formation, we studied the GR isoforms, of which the alpha and beta isoforms are the most abundant. The GR alpha isoform is known to bind to GC whereas the beta isoform has lost this ability. Therefore, we wanted to decipher what influence the different GR isoforms have on P-body regulation. To do this, we used CRISPR Cas9 cells in which GR was deleted and we compensated this deletion with either the alpha or beta isoform and different mutants. Our results show that the alpha isoform is responsible for GR signaling pathway activation. This activation leads to an increase in P-body number and a decrease in their size, implying that this isoform is important for P-body regulation. Overall, our results reveal a link between the activation of GR alpha and the P-body regulation. We now plan to perform transcriptomic and proteomic analysis on our cells to determine whether GC-induced GR leads to an alteration of mRNA/protein correlation and to find targets that directly regulate P-body formation through GR activation.To conclude, my PhD project focused on deciphering new cellular pathways that control the metabolism of the P-bodies. We demonstrated that drugs can have different effects on the formation of P-bodies, thereby modifying their content and consequently affecting mRNA translation. This phenomenon could be involved in the development of resistance and/or side effects to drugs
Schall, Sonja. "The face in your voice–how audiovisual learning benefits vocal communication". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17039.
Testo completoFace and voice of a person are strongly associated with each other and usually perceived as a single entity. Despite the natural co-occurrence of faces and voices, brain research has traditionally approached their perception from a unisensory perspective. This means that research into face perception has exclusively focused on the visual system, while research into voice perception has exclusively probed the auditory system. In this thesis, I suggest that the brain has adapted to the multisensory nature of faces and voices and that this adaptation is evident even when one input stream is missing, that is, when input is actually unisensory. Specifically, the current work investigates how the brain exploits previously learned voice-face associations to optimize the auditory processing of voices and vocal speech. Three empirical studies providing spatiotemporal brain data—via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG)—constitute this thesis. All data were acquired while participants listened to auditory-only speech samples of previously familiarized speakers (with or without seeing the speakers’ faces). Three key findings demonstrate that previously learned visual speaker information support the auditory analysis of vocal sounds: (i) face-sensitive areas were part of the sensory network activated by voices, (ii) the auditory analysis of voices was temporally facilitated by learned facial associations and (iii) multisensory interactions between face- and voice/speech-sensitive regions were increased. The current work challenges traditional unisensory views on vocal perception and rather suggests that voice and vocal speech perception profit from a multisensory neural processing scheme.
Genot, Baptiste. "Functional characterization of the stress-activated Arabidopsis MAP Kinase MPK3 using gain-of-function mutations". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLE010.
Testo completoPlants can detect pathogens in their environment and adapt to survive it. The Stress Signalling group in IPS2 aims to decipher cellular mechanisms occurring after pathogens detection and to propose strategies to develop stress-resistant crops. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) modules define key actors of signal transduction. MAPKs are indeed quickly activated in response to various stresses including pathogens-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Genetic approaches using loss-of-function mutants showed that MAPK modules regulate many aspects of plant adaptation to their environment.In our laboratory, we previously identified mutations which render MAPKs constitutively active (CA) in the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana.The main objective of my thesis was to clarify the specific roles of MAPKs activated by the PAMP flg22 using this new tool. For this, I created plants expressing CA MAPKs and characterized them in normal growth conditions or after pathogen infections. I mainly focused my project on the MAPK MPK3. I showed that plants expressing a CA version of MPK3 had an auto-immune phenotype characterized by a severe dwarfism, spontaneous cell death and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Transcriptomic, metabolomic and genetic studies were performed to understand which pathways are regulated by this MAPK. This work demonstrates that MPK3 is a positive regulator of plant immunity, whose function depends on EDS1 (Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1), a key regulator of pathogens responses, and partially depends on the phytohormone salicylic acid. I also created and characterized plants expressing constitutively active MPK6 and MPK11. In conclusion, CA mutations allowed us to reveal new specific roles for several stress-activated MAPKs. My preliminary results also suggest that plants expressing CA MAPK may have a better resistance to pathogens
Duchene, Sophie. "Mécanismes de régulation de la synthèse proteique : voies de signalisation impliquées dans l'activation de la p70S6K chez le poulet". Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR4036.
Testo completoThe key enzyme for protein synthesis p70S6K is activated classically by PI3K insulin pathway. In chicken muscle, PI3K pathway effectors: PKB, TOR, p70S6K, S6 and 4EBP1, were phosphoryled, therefore activated. Whereas, the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) was phosphorylated on inhibitory serines. The study of the ERK 1/2 MAP kinase pathway involving (ERK 2 characterisation), was revealed a strong participation of this pathway in p70S6K stimulation on myoblastes, and only a partial involving in hepatoma cell line LMH. This signalisation was also studied in vivo, in chickens of various genotypes selected on growth rate or fattening. ERK-MAPK pathway was strongly involved in p70S6K regulation in muscle of chickens with high muscular growth. In contrast to muscle, the liver was showed a particular signalisation without ERK2 and p70S6K stimulation