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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Viroids Reproduction"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 28 gennaio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Viroids Reproduction"

Eriso, Feleke. "Viroids and energy intake by human Genome". British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies 3, n. 2 (8 dicembre 2022): 14–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.0054.

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Abstract (sommario):

Viroids are infectious pathogens that affect only plants. Viroids are subviral, being smaller than viruses and possess circular strands of ribonucleic acids (RNAs) with no protein coating. Hunger is a painful sensation for energy caused by depletion of dietary energy. We get this energy, either directly after we eat or from the stored food as glycogen or from that stored as fat. The key objectives of this study are: ►to demonstrate the fact that the nature’s spectacular Controlled Experiment of Naked Genome is the only automatic molecular machine that synthesizes all genomic-things & itself using sunlight-energy (autotrophs) or usable chemical energy-containing nutritive substances including minerals as raw materials in the organism’s compatible environment, ►to verify that Genome’s designed/coded directives are implemented in the synthesis (reproduction including growth, or replication) by its transcripts & proteins that perform as engineers, and ►to prove that viroids are certainly genomic-things by fitting into the definition of genomic-things and to impart the cause of hunger together with the energy intake. Each of the micrographs or evidential videos in the Figures listed or displayed has been devised to be the target and addressive finding (Result) of this study. Viroids are certainly genomic-things. The painful sensation of hunger is for immediate intake of usable chemical energy found in food but not for stomach-fillingness of food mass.

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Мацкевич, О. В. "MICROCLONAL REPRODUCTION OF HAZELNUTS". Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture 1 (agosto 2022): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2022-1-106-115.

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For the rapid introduction of large quantities of high-quality hazelnut planting material, it is important to use various modifications of microclonal propagation: classic on gel media, bioreactors with periodic flooding (TiS) and photoautotrophic methods. At the first stage of classical methods there are three main problems: phenol formation; endogenous contamination; selection of trophic and hormonal determinants of in vitro ontogenesis. In cases of infection of mother plants with viruses, viroids, it is mandatory to use meristem explants with a size of not more than 0.3 mm, followed by diagnosis of the effectiveness of recovery. To prevent self-intoxication with phenol-like oxidation products, a set of measures is used to prepare explant donors and modify nutrient media. The most common artificial nutrient media are Driver and Buzzard (DKW) and Nas and Read (NRM). Hazelnuts are sensitive to excess nitrogen and calcium and copper deficiency in artificial nutrient media. On media with a high N content, regenerants have shortened and thickened shoots, often with signs of hypehydration. Inhibition of calcium uptake by nitrogen leads to necrotization of shoot tips and root tips. The incorporation of iron ions into the metabolism of a plant depends on their valence and the form of chelating agents. During the multiplication and induction of rhizogenesis in aseptic conditions, mainly synthetic cytokinin benzylaminopurine and auxin indolylbutyric acid are used. The effectiveness of hormones increases with the use of combinations within groups, in particular cytokinins are benzylaminopurine and kinetin. At the stage of multiplication there is a predominance of cytokinins over auxins, and at the stage of rhizogenesis the number of auxins in the environment is greater than the number of cytokinins. Of the organic components, vitamins B1, B6, C, PP, amino acids and inositol are added to the environment. Ex vitro acclimatization of plants is carried out on peat-pearlite substrates in closed soil or modules of photoautrophic microclonal propagation with increased light intensity and high carbon dioxide content. The photoautotrophic method combines animation, rhizogenesis and acclimatization at the same time. The effectiveness of adaptation to factor-nestatic conditions increases with mycorrhizae by fungi of the genera Glomus, Trichoderma, Tuber in the transfer of plants from aseptic conditions.

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Matsushita, Yosuke, Hironobu Yanagisawa e Teruo Sano. "Vertical and Horizontal Transmission of Pospiviroids". Viruses 10, n. 12 (12 dicembre 2018): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10120706.

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Viroids are highly structured, single-stranded, non-protein-coding circular RNA pathogens. Some viroids are vertically transmitted through both viroid-infected ovule and pollen. For example, potato spindle tuber viroid, a species that belongs to Pospiviroidae family, is delivered to the embryo through the ovule or pollen during the development of reproductive tissues before embryogenesis. In addition, some of Pospiviroidae are also horizontally transmitted by pollen. Tomato planta macho viroid in pollen infects to the ovary from pollen tube during pollen tube elongation and eventually causes systemic infection, resulting in the establishment of horizontal transmission. Furthermore, fertilization is not required to accomplish the horizontal transmission. In this review, we will overview the recent research progress in vertical and horizontal transmission of viroids, mainly by focusing on histopathological studies, and also discuss the impact of seed transmission on viroid dissemination and seed health.

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Matsushita, Yosuke, e Shinya Tsuda. "Distribution of Potato spindle tuber viroid in Reproductive Organs of Petunia During Its Developmental Stages". Phytopathology® 104, n. 9 (settembre 2014): 964–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-10-13-0294-r.

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Embryo infection is important for efficient seed transmission of viroids. To identify the major pattern of seed transmission of viroids, we used in situ hybridization to histochemically analyze the distribution of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) in each developmental stage of petunia (flowering to mature seed stages). In floral organs, PSTVd was present in the reproductive tissues of infected female × infected male and infected female × healthy male but not of healthy female × infected male before embryogenesis. After pollination, PSTVd was detected in the developed embryo and endosperm in all three crosses. These findings indicate that PSTVd is indirectly delivered to the embryo through ovule or pollen during the development of reproductive tissues before embryogenesis but not directly through maternal tissues as cell-to-cell movement during embryogenesis.

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Egorov, E. A., Zh А. Shadrina e G. А. Kochyan. "Biologisation of production and technological processes in nursery farming". Horticulture and viticulture, n. 5 (15 novembre 2021): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2021-5-19-25.

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We conducted a retrospective analysis of national scientific and technological advances by technological design to manifest the demand for organisation processes remodelling towards the methods and approaches of the sixth design, especially in biotechnology. The article defines terms such as nursery, biologisation, promising technology and resource conservation. We analyse the fruit crop seedling production and structure of nursery-specific processes. We determine the main agrocenotic components most susceptible to chemical and technogenic impacts. Studies of soil fertility and biota prioritised the challenge of declined soil activity and biogenicity. We establish that an increased chemical pressure on fruit nursery agrocenoses leads to disturbances in benign microflora, microbiotic, acaro- and entomosystems, alters plant infection pathways and immune status. We report destructive manifestations of microbiotic, entomo- and acarosystems in agrocenoses via the emergence of new pathogenic fungal species, root rotting agents, vascular system necroses (tracheomycoses), resistant typically dominant pathogen strains, higher pathogenicity, the expansion of species list and ranges of bacterial communities, phytoplasmas, viruses and viroids, a more aggressive invasion of new pests, including stem pathogens, emerging hazardous adaptations in economically impactive phytophages. Furthermore, we consider the scientific and practical issues in fruit crop reproduction: sweeping off forms (genotypes) from selection, changes in infection pathways in candidate parental plants, reduced “plant — external environment” adaptation, impaired plant immunity under climatic and anthropogenic stress, selection of candidates with a higher production value under environmental stress burden, reduction of best-quality planting stock, seedling root system retardation, massive crown invasion with fungal and bacterial agents, inadequacy of trait databasing for promising varieties and genotyping techniques. The priority role of agrocenotic biologisation in sustainable fruit nursery is substantiated through adopting modern approaches, especially in biotechnology, based on molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering.

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Grasmick, M. E., e S. A. Slack. "Effect of potato spindle tuber viroid on sexual reproduction and viroid transmission in true potato seed". Canadian Journal of Botany 64, n. 2 (1 febbraio 1986): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-048.

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The effect of potato spindle tuber viroid infection on pollen viability, fruit-set, botanical seed set, seed weight, and seed germination in potatoes was determined. Pollen collected from the infected cultivar 'Monona' was less viable than pollen collected from healthy plants. Pollen collected from infected plants reduced seed set significantly but did not reduce fruit development or seed set in all cultivars tested. For some cultivars, infected maternal plants increased the frequency of fruit development and seed weight compared with healthy controls. True potato seed from viroid-infected 'Katahdin' × 'Superior' crosses germinated at a higher rate than did seed from comparable uninfected parents. Progeny from viroid-infected parents that exhibited potato spindle tuber viroidlike symptoms did not always test positive for potato spindle tuber viroid by bioassay or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis tests. Efficiency of potato spindle tuber viroid detection by bioassay was highest for seedlings 2 weeks after imbibition. Potato spindle tuber viroid was detected in 100% of the progeny tested after true potato seed was stored at 4 °C for 12 years. Tests on selfed true potato seed from the viroid-infected cultivar 'Monona' demonstrated a transmission rate of 100% after subinoculation of initial bioassay plants.

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Negrey, Jacob D., Melissa Emery Thompson, Kevin E. Langergraber, Zarin P. Machanda, John C. Mitani, Martin N. Muller, Emily Otali, Leah A. Owens, Richard W. Wrangham e Tony L. Goldberg. "Demography, life-history trade-offs, and the gastrointestinal virome of wild chimpanzees". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, n. 1811 (21 settembre 2020): 20190613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0613.

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In humans, senescence increases susceptibility to viral infection. However, comparative data on viral infection in free-living non-human primates—even in our closest living relatives, chimpanzees and bonobos ( Pan troglodytes and P. paniscus )—are relatively scarce, thereby constraining an evolutionary understanding of age-related patterns of viral infection. We investigated a population of wild eastern chimpanzees ( P. t. schweinfurthii ), using metagenomics to characterize viromes (full viral communities) in the faeces of 42 sexually mature chimpanzees (22 males, 20 females) from the Kanyawara and Ngogo communities of Kibale National Park, Uganda. We identified 12 viruses from at least four viral families possessing genomes of both single-stranded RNA and single-stranded DNA. Faecal viromes of both sexes varied with chimpanzee age, but viral richness increased with age only in males. This effect was largely due to three viruses, salivirus, porprismacovirus and chimpanzee stool-associated RNA virus (chisavirus), which occurred most frequently in samples from older males. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that selection on males for early-life reproduction compromises investment in somatic maintenance, which has delayed consequences for health later in life, in this case reflected in viral infection and/or shedding. Faecal viromes are therefore useful for studying processes related to the divergent reproductive strategies of males and females, ageing, and sex differences in longevity. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolution of the primate ageing process'.

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Ito, T., e K. Yoshida. "REPRODUCTION OF APPLE FRUIT CRINKLE DISEASE SYMPTOMS BY APPLE FRUIT CRINKLE VIROID". Acta Horticulturae, n. 472 (novembre 1998): 587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1998.472.78.

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Matoušek, J., L. Orctová, J. Patzak, P. Svoboda e LudvíkováI. "Molecular sampling of hop stunt viroid (HSVd) from grapevines in hop production areas in the Czech Republic and hop protection". Plant, Soil and Environment 49, No. 4 (10 dicembre 2011): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4109-pse.

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Molecular sampling of HSVd in grapevines in the environs of hop gardens was performed. Specific RT PCR primers were designed to unambiguously distinguish between HLVd and HSVd infections. These primers were used for detection and analysis of HSVd cDNAs from individual samples by thermodynamic methods, TGGE and cDNA heteroduplex analysis. We found that at least 70% of grapevine samples from locations close to hop gardens inNorthern Bohemia(Žatec and Ú&scaron;těk hop production areas) were infected with HSVd forming populations containing quasispecies. Particular sequence variants, dominant in grapevines from wine-growing areas like Znojmo, were also found in minor private vineyards. HSVd was experimentally transmissible (80% success) from these samples to Osvald’s clone 72 of Czech hop, where according to the cDNA library screening, one of the dominant HSVdg variants corresponding to AC E01844 was detected in early populations three weeks p.i. HSVd was detected neither in reproduction materials nor in examined hop gardens. However a potential danger for hop cultivation, consisting in the high biological potential of HSVd spread is discussed.

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Nikolaeva, V. N., G. T. Dolanbayeva, T. S. Khosnutdinova, X. O. Bogdanova e S. V. Zharkova. "Monitoring of viral and fungal diseases of potatoes in East Kazakhstan". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1010, n. 1 (1 aprile 2022): 012141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1010/1/012141.

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Abstract The presented article discusses ways to solve a very important problem concerning both agricultural producers and the population of any country - the cultivation and production of a sufficient number of potato tubers. Modern varieties of potatoes cultivated in the fields of the Republic of Kazakhstan are capable of yielding marketable tubers of more than 100 c/ha, but they realize their biological potential under production conditions by 15-30% [12]. A long process of vegetative reproduction of a culture contributes to the progressive accumulation of viral, viroid, fungal, and bacterial pathogens in plants [2]. The most effective way to improve the health of seed material at present is to obtain a healthy material based on the method of micropropagation [2-3; 12]. Potato varieties resistant to late blight were experimentally identified: Tavria, Vostochny-1 and Sante, in addition, varieties Vostochny-1 and Sante showed resistance to the Y virus.

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Tesi sul tema "Viroids Reproduction"

Forster, Anthony Carlyle. "Self-cleavage of plant pathogenic RNAs". Title page, contents and summary only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf7331.pdf.

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Sheldon, Candice Claire. "Hammerhead mediated self-cleavage of plant pathogenic RNAs /". Title page, contents and summary only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs544.pdf.

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Ståhl, Karl. "Bovine viral diarrhoea virus and other reproductive pathogens : epidemiological studies in Peruvian cattle /". Uppsala : Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200653.pdf.

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Lagarde, Franck. "Écologie de la reproduction de l'huître Crassostrea gigas en lagune méditerranéenne". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS470.

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Les lagunes méditerranéennes hébergent de nombreux usages anthropiques dont la conchyliculture depuis le début du 20ème siècle. Importée en 1970, l’huître creuse, Crassostrea gigas, s’y est adaptée parfaitement et a permis un développement ostréicole important jusqu’en 2008, année d’apparition des surmortalités de naissain liées à l’émergence d’un variant du virus OsHv1. La raréfaction du naissain et la spéculation sur ce produit ont modifié régionalement les pratiques culturales et les modes d’approvisionnement en juvéniles, avec notamment la volonté de développer une activité locale de captage. Mais le cycle de reproduction de l’espèce et le recrutement de juvéniles étaient mal connus en milieu lagunaire. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de cette thèse est de caractériser la variabilité de la reproduction et du recrutement de l’huître creuse en lagune méditerranéenne. La configuration lagunaire offre des atouts de productivité pour le cheptel de géniteurs et de connectivité hydrodynamique pour les larves. Cependant, il apparaît que le fonctionnement écologique du système à la base de la production primaire joue un rôle essentiel sur les apports trophiques pour le succès de la reproduction des huîtres. Ce travail s’inscrit, en outre, dans le contexte d’un écosystème en voie de restauration écologique entamant un processus d’oligotrophisation dont nous décrivons les premiers effets sur le cycle de reproduction de l’huître
The Mediterranean lagoons host many anthropogenic uses including shellfish aquaculture since the beginning of the 20th century. Imported in 1970, the cupped oyster, Crassostrea gigas, has adapted perfectly and has allowed an important development of oyster’s industry until 2008, the year of occurrence of spat outbreak related to the emergence of an Ostreid Herpes-virus µvar. The scarcity of spat and the speculation on this product changed regionally cultural practices and the supply of juveniles, with in particular the wish of developing a local activity of spat collection. However the cycle of reproduction of the species and the recruitment of juveniles were poorly known in lagoon environments. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to characterize the variability of the reproduction and the recruitment of the cupped oyster in Mediterranean lagoon. The lagoon configuration offers the advantages of productivity for the broodstock and hydrodynamic connectivity for the larvae. However, it appears that the ecological functioning of the system at the base of the primary production plays an essential role on the trophic resources for the success of oyster reproduction. This work takes place in the context of the ecological restoration under oligotrophication, which first effects we describe on the oyster's reproductive cycle

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Hassan, Taha Tariq. "Pathogens affecting the reproductive system of camels in the United Arab Emirates : with emphasis on Brucella abortus, Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus and Bovine Herpes Virus-1: a serological survey in the Al-Ain region /". Uppsala : Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/10512462.pdf.

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Warrilow, David 1968. "Studies on the replication complex of citrus exocortis viroid". 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw295.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references. The aim of this work is the further characterisation of the citrus exocortis viroid (CEV) replication complex in a tomato host system. The study employed three approaches. i. To raise polyclonal antiserum against a putative catalytic component of the CEV replication complex, the second largest subunit of tomato RNA polymerase II--ii. To develop a cell-free system for CEV RNA synthesis--iii. To use the polyclonal antiserum to the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, and a commercially available monoclonal antibody to the largest subunit, for antibody inhibition and immunoprecipitation experiments using the cell-free system.

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Warrilow, David 1968. "Studies on the replication complex of citrus exocortis viroid / David Warrilow". Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18871.

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Includes bibliographical references.
vi, 86, [56] leaves, [10] leaves of plates : ill. ; 30 cm.
The aim of this work is the further characterisation of the citrus exocortis viroid (CEV) replication complex in a tomato host system. The study employed three approaches. i. To raise polyclonal antiserum against a putative catalytic component of the CEV replication complex, the second largest subunit of tomato RNA polymerase II--ii. To develop a cell-free system for CEV RNA synthesis--iii. To use the polyclonal antiserum to the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, and a commercially available monoclonal antibody to the largest subunit, for antibody inhibition and immunoprecipitation experiments using the cell-free system.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Plant Science, 1997

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Forster, Anthony Carlyle. "Self-cleavage of plant pathogenic RNAs / by Anthony Carlyle Forster". Thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18536.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Viroids Reproduction"

"Academic Press Rapid Manuscript Reproduction". In Subviral Pathogens of Plants and Animals: Viroids and Prions, ii. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-470230-1.50001-3.

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