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1
ROUILLARD, Christian, e Louise LEMIRE. "Le contrat psychologique et l'engagement organisationnel: une exploration empirique". Management international 7, n. 4 (2003): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.59876/a-pc0d-m99y.
Abstract (sommario):
The goal of this research is to clarify, through comparative quantitative analysis, the effects of psychological contract violation on individual organizational commitment in a federal (Canadian), public organization and a private firm, both located in Quebec, in light of individual, organizational, and situational characteristics. In simplifying the results presented in the following pages, let us keep in mind that the significant difference between the public organization and the private firm concerning psychological contract violation is low (p <_ 0,05). The results of multivariate regressions suggest that violation of the psychological contract explains an important part of the variance of organizational commitment (affective and moral), just as much as they suggest that individual variables such as certain career anchors, career orientation, and locus of control exercise the most influence on organizational commitment.
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Gilson, Steve, e Zoé Trusgnach. "Note d’observations. La rémunération de base à prendre en compte pour la réparation d’un accident du travail subi par un travailleur occupé dans le cadre de plusieurs contrats chez différents employeurs". Forum de l’assurance N° 203, n. 4 (1 aprile 2020): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/foas.203.0018b.
Abstract (sommario):
Dans l’arrêt commenté du 24 octobre 2019, la Cour constitutionnelle a considéré que dans l’interprétation suivant laquelle l’indemnité d’incapacité temporaire de travail qui est due à un travailleur qui est victime d’un accident du travail au cours de l’exécution de son contrat de travail à temps partiel et qui est en outre engagé dans les liens d’un autre contrat de travail à temps plein est, conformément à l’article 37 bis , § 1 er , de la loi du 10 avril 1971, fixée exclusivement en fonction du salaire qui lui est dû aux termes de son contrat de travail à temps partiel, il y a violation des articles 10 et 11 de la Constitution. A contrario, si cette disposition est interprétée comme s’appliquant uniquement lorsque le travailleur concerné est occupé exclusivement à temps partiel, que ce soit en vertu d’un ou de plusieurs contrats de travail à temps partiel, il n’y a pas de violation des articles 10 et 11 de la Constitution dès lors qu’il y a lieu, dans ce cas, d’appliquer le régime général de l’article 34 de la loi, lu ou non en combinaison avec l’article 36 de la même loi si la période de référence est incomplète.
3
El Bedoui Tlik, Moufida. "La rupture et la violation du contrat psychologique : distinction conceptuelle et conséquences sur les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle et l'intention de départ volontaire". Revue multidisciplinaire sur l'emploi, le syndicalisme et le travail 5, n. 1 (1 marzo 2010): 95–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/039361ar.
Abstract (sommario):
Sommaire La rupture et la violation du contrat psychologique sont deux notions proches mais conceptuellement distinctes. La rupture est la perception cognitive que l’organisation a échoué à réaliser une ou plusieurs des obligations objets du contrat. Quant à la violation, elle désigne un état affectif et émotionnel négatif, caractérisé par la déception et la colère et susceptible d’accompagner la perception de rupture. L’objectif de cet article est de valider empiriquement cette distinction. Les résultats montrent que les conséquences de la rupture sur les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle et l’intention de départ volontaire sont distinctes de celles de la violation : la violation est directement et négativement associée aux comportements de citoyenneté alors que les effets de la rupture sont médiatisés par la satisfaction au travail. L’effet négatif de la rupture des obligations transactionnelles sur l’intention de départ est plus intense que celui de la violation, vu le caractère transactionnel de la relation d’échange. Enfin, la sensibilité à l’équité modère le lien entre la violation et les comportements de citoyenneté profitant à l’organisation ainsi que le lien entre la rupture et les comportements de citoyenneté orientés vers les individus dans l’organisation.
4
Gardody, Jérôme. "La formation et la violation du contrat psychologique : quels processus cognitifs ?" RIMHE : Revue Interdisciplinaire Management, Homme & Entreprise 23, n. 4 (2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rimhe.023.0003.
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Karim, Vincent. "L'ordre public en droit économique : contrats, concurrence, consommation". Les Cahiers de droit 40, n. 2 (12 aprile 2005): 403–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043548ar.
Abstract (sommario):
Malgré les efforts déployés par le législateur lors de la réforme du Code civil du Québec, la notion d'ordre public demeure vague, floue et difficile à définir en des termes précis. La disparition de la notion de bonnes moeurs n'a pas en effet réglé toutes les questions controversées soulevées sous l'empire de l'ancien Code civil ni dissipé toute la confusion qui régnait. Certaines questions se posent toujours relativement à la distinction entre l'ordre public de direction et l'ordre public de protection, entre l'ordre public économique et l’ordre public politique et social, ainsi qu'au sujet des sanctions applicables en cas de violation d'une disposition d'ordre public en vigueur au moment de la formation du contrat ou d'une disposition qui prend effet alors que le contrat est déjà formé et en cours d'exécution. Les nouvelles dispositions traitant de l'ordre public, malgré leur multiplication et leur précision, n'apportent pas de réponses claires quant à leur applicabilité rétroactive, quant aux effets particuliers qu'engendre la nullité absolue qui frappe un contrat fait en violation de ces dispositions, ni quant aux conditions de la validité d'une renonciation à une règle d'ordre public. La doctrine et les tribunaux conservent leur rôle traditionnel, leur intervention étant toujours requise pour clarifier certaines ambiguïtés persistantes et pour répondre à certaines interrogations qui surgissent dans des situations tout à fait exceptionnelles et imprévisibles à la suite de la réforme du Code civil du Québec.
6
Cravetto, Chiara. "The Non-sense of Pre-contractual Information Duties in Case of Non-concluded Contracts". European Review of Private Law 19, Issue 6 (1 dicembre 2011): 759–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2011056.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract: The paper starts describing the borrowings of the new Proposal of Regulation on Common European Sales Law in respect to both the Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR) and the Consumer Rights Directive, and the further 'debts' in respect to the Principles of Existing EC Contract Law (ACQP) and Principles of European Contract Law (PECL). It then comes to explain the provocative title, the 'non-sense' of pre-contractual information duties in case of non-concluded contracts. In our opinion, no clear enforcement policies for the violation of pre-contractual information duties where a contract is not concluded are provided in the Proposed Regulation on Common European Sales Law (CESL). This is not in tune with the remarkable space (correctly) given to pre-contractual information duties within the formation of contract phase. The paper aims to highlight the importance of an effective enforcement of these rules. This latter problem is intertwined with the question of the interface of the new Proposal of Regulation with national laws and with existing (different) private law rules. Another question afforded in the paper is whether this 'model form instrument' would undermine the contractual autonomy and the classic principle of freedom of contract in current contract law. Our concluding remarks give some explicit suggestions. Résumé: Le présent article décrit tout d'abord les emprunts que la nouvelle Proposition de Règlementsur le Droit Commun Européen de la Vente fait au DCFR et à la Directive sur les Droits du Consommateur, et les autres ''dettes'' vis-à-vis de l' ACQP et de la PECL. Ensuite, il explique le titre provocateur, le ''non-sens'' des devoirs d'information précontractuelle en cas de contrats non conclus. A notre avis, la proposition de Règlement susvisé ne prévoit aucune mesure claire d'exécution concernant la violation des devoirs d'information précontractuelle lorsque le contrat n'est pas conclu. Ceci ne concorde pas avec la place remarquable (correctement) accordée aux devoirs d'information précontractuelle dans la formation du contrat. L' article tente de mettre en lumière l'importance de l'exécution effective de ces règles. Ce dernier problème est mêlé à la question de l'interface entre la nouvelle Proposition de Règlementet les lois nationales et les règles (différentes) de droit privé existantes. Une autre question abordée dans cet article est celle de savoir si cet ''Instrument de forme modèle'' pourrait menacer l'autonomie contractuelle et le principe classique de la liberté contractuelle en droit actuel des contrats. Nos remarques en conclusion donnent quelques suggestions explicites.
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de Bry, Françoise. "Les « survivants » à un plan social : de la violation du contrat psychologique à la résilience". La Revue des Sciences de Gestion 231-232, n. 3 (2008): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rsg.231.0103.
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Guillemard, Sylvette. "Qualification juridique de la négociation d’un contrat et nature de l’obligation de bonne foi". Revue générale de droit 25, n. 1 (26 febbraio 2019): 49–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1056403ar.
Abstract (sommario):
Lors des relations commerciales internationales notamment, les contrats sont parfois conclus après une période de négociations au cours de laquelle les partenaires sont soumis à une norme de comportement. Cet article cherche à discerner la qualification de cette obligation précontractuelle de bonne foi, en examinant la loi qui lui est applicable et en décrivant les dommages habituellement encourus ainsi que les sanctions de la violation de l’obligation. L’auteure tentera de faire ressortir les avantages et les inconvénients pratiques des différents types possibles de responsabilité engendrée par l’obligation précontractuelle de bonne foi. Le texte met l’accent sur la très récente réforme du Code civil du Québec.
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De Graaff, Ruben. "Concurrent Claims in Contract and Tort: A Comparative Perspective". European Review of Private Law 25, Issue 4 (1 settembre 2017): 701–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2017046.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract: This contribution analyses whether, and to what extent, the law permits a choice between finding liability in contract and in tort. The answer to this question is important because the outcome of a case may differ depending on whether the claim for damages is based on a breach of contract or on a violation of a tortious duty. The contribution examines the approaches in several European jurisdictions. French law is straightforward: finding liability in tort is not possible if the damage is caused by or related to the (non-) performance of a contractual obligation. German, Dutch and English law take the opposite point of view: finding liability in tort is not precluded if the damage is caused by or related to the (non-) performance of a contractual obligation. This contribution traces the historical development of these approaches and explains their differences by looking at the underlying structure of these systems of private law. It also shows that the resoluteness of both solutions has softened over time, as a result of judicial and legislative interventions. To support this argument, recent developments in case law and legislation are discussed. Résumé: Cette contribution s’interroge sur la question de savoir si – et alors dans quelle mesure – le droit offre un choix entre les actions en responsabilité contractuelle et extracontractuelle. La réponse à cette question est importante car l’issue du litige peut varier selon que la demande en dommages-intérêts est fondée sur la violation d’une norme contractuelle ou extracontractuelle. La présente contribution examine cette question au sein des différents systèmes juridiques. En droit français, la réponse est univoque: la responsabilité extracontractuelle comme base de l’action en justice est impossible si le dommage est causé par ou lié à l’(in)exécution d’un contrat. Les droits allemand, néerlandais et anglais optent pour la solution inverse: utiliser la responsabilité extracontractuelle est possible même si le dommage a été causé par ou lié à l’(in)exécution d’un contrat. La présente contribution analyse le développement historique de ces approches et explique leurs différences en recourant aux structures sous-jacentes des systèmes de droit privé. Il se trouve que la détermination de chacune de ces solutions s’est atténuée avec le temps, à la suite des interventions du juge et du législateur. Pour soutenir cet argument, les développements récents dans la jurisprudence et la législation sont discutés.
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Salcedo Beltrán, María del Carmen. "LA RÉCEPTION DE LA JURISPRUDENCE ANTI-CRISE DU COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DES DROITS SOCIAUX EN ESPAGNE: LE CONTRAT DE SOUTIEN AUX ENTREPRENEURS". Lex Social: Revista de Derechos Sociales 5, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2015): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.46661/lexsocial.1189.
Abstract (sommario):
L’année 2012 s’est caractérisée en Espagne par l’adoption d’une des réglementations avec plus de répercussion publique, étant donnés les changements opérés sur le régime juridique du travail en vigueur à ce moment-là; en fait, nous faisons référence au Décret-loi 3/2012 du 10 février, de mesures urgentes pour la réforme du marché du travail, validé ultérieurement par la Loi 3/2012 du 6 juillet. Une des nouveautés inclues à la réforme, a été la création d’une nouvelle modalité de contrat dénommée « Contrat de soutien aux entrepreneurs ». En général, le régime qui lui est appliqué est celui des contrats réglementés par le Code du Travail et les conventions collectives, qui s’applique aux contrats ordinaires à durée indéterminée, avec la seule exception de la durée de la période d’essai (art. 4.3 de la Loi 3/2012); celui-ci est le point le plus polémique puisqu’il établit une durée “d’une année”, indépendamment du poste de travail et de la compétence préalable du travailleur. Deux ans après de l’adoption de cette modalité contractuelle, tel qu’on pouvait l’espérer, les tribunaux se sont prononcés au sujet de la période d’essai imposée, lors de la résiliation d’une relation de travail pendant cette période. D’abord, la sentence du Juge de l’ordre social nº 2 de Barcelone du 19 novembre 2013, et ensuite les sentences du Juge de l’ordre social nº 1 de Tarragona y Mataró du 2 et 29 avril 2014, sont très importants parce qu’ont inappliqué la normative national que permet cette période d’essai, et conséquemment ont caractérisé le licenciement comme abusif, utilisant comme principal argument juridique la violation de l’article 4.4 de la Charte Sociale Européenne et la jurisprudence du Comité Européen des Droits Sociaux prononcée dans la décision sur le bien-fondé du 23 mai 2012 (Réclamation nº 65/2011). Ce commentaire analyse l’application du contrôle de conventionnalité, par première fois entre la Charte Sociale Européenne et une loi, adoptée et justifiée par le Gouvernement espagnol, comme mesure pour faire face à la crise économique.----------------------------------------------------------------------------In 2012 Spain was characterized by the adoption of some of the norms that most public impact has had in recent times, as a result of the changes that took place in the legal labour framework existing in these moments, in particular, reference is made to the Act 3/2012, of July 6, of urgent measures to reform the labor market. One of the new features included in the reform, was the creation of a new type of contract called "contract of support for entrepreneurs". The legal regulation applied is the indefinite contracts regulated, in general, in the Statute of Workers’ Rights and the collective agreements, with the exception of the duration of the probation period (art. 4.3 of the Law 3/2012)); this is the most controversial point since it sets it to a year, with independence of the job position and the previous work experience. After more than two years since the implementation of this type of contract, as it was to be expected, the courts have pronounced about this probation period, as terminations of contracts have been produced during that same period. First of all, the judgment of the Labour Court Nr. 2 of Barcelona of November 19, 2013, and the next judgments of the Labour Court Nr. 1 of Tarragona and Mataró of April 2 and 29, 2014, are very important because they have unapplied the regulation that allows to impose this probation period based on the violation of the art. 4.4 of the European Social Charter and the case law of the European Committee of Social Rights pronounced in its decision on the merits of May 23, 2012 (Complaint No. 65/2011). The present essay analyses the application of the conventionality control for the first time, between the European Social Charter and an Act adopted and justified by the Spanish Government as a measure to cope with the economic crisis.
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Panneau, Fabienne, e Charlotte Bourdie. "CJUE, arrêt IT Development SAS c. Free Mobile SAS , 18 décembre 2019, C-666/18". Pin Code N° 12, n. 3 (28 agosto 2022): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pinc.012.0009.
Abstract (sommario):
L’arrêt de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne (CJUE) du 18 décembre 2019 rendu sur une question préjudicielle soumise par la Cour d’appel de Paris aurait dû sonner la fin d’une incertitude jurisprudentielle sur la nature du régime de responsabilité applicable en présence d’une violation d’un contrat de licence de logiciel 1 . Mais deux décisions successivement rendues par la Cour d’appel de Paris et le Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, respectivement le 19 mars 2021 et le 6 juillet 2021, le contredisent par les solutions a priori dissonantes qu’elles apportent à la même question : en présence d’un manquement de son licencié aux stipulations contractuelles d’une licence de logiciel, l’éditeur de la solution doit-il agir sur le fondement de la responsabilité contractuelle ou bien doit-il choisir de porter son action sur le terrain de la contrefaçon et donc de la responsabilité délictuelle ?
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Van Rossum, Madeleine. "Concurrency of contractual and delictual liability in a European perspective". European Review of Private Law 3, Issue 4 (1 dicembre 1995): 539–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl1995041.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. This paper deals with the question whether and if so under what conditions delictual and contractual liability can coexist. Owing to the tendency to develop a European civil law a ‘ius commune’, the issue under consideration will be placed in the perspective of a harmonisation of European rules. Therefore some legal systems on this topic will be compared in order to find out whether some common principles can be found which can ultimately lead towards the formulation of some general rules. It will be shown that it seems difficult at first sight to trace throughout the legal system under review some common elements for the acceptance of the coexistence of the liability for breach of contract and for the tort of negligence. However it may be noted as a uniform feature that in all legal systems under consideration contractual and delictual liability do not differ fundamentally. This is not at all surprising if one notices that the contractual and the delictual standard of social conduct show many similarities. In view of the blurring of the lines Getween contract and tort throughout the legal systems dealt with a strict distinction between the liability for tort and for breach of contract cannot sensibly be maintained. In my opinion contractual and delictual liability should wexist where the breach of contract embodies more than just the breaching of the contractual obligation because there exists a duty of care between the parties, which is violated. Résumé. Cet article traite de la question de savoir si —et le cas échéant à quelles conditions — les responsabilités contractuelle et délictuelle peuvent coexister. Compte tenu de la tendance au développement d’un droit civil européen, le sujet est envisagé dans la perspective d’une harmonisation des règles européennes. Dans cette optique, il est procédé à la comparaison de différents systèmes de droit pour tenter de dégager l’existence de principes communs qui peuvent conduire à la formulation de certaines règles générales. Il est montré qu’ il paraît difficile, à première vue, de trouver des éléments communs en faveur de la coexistence d’une responsabilité pour rupture du contrat et pour faute de négligence. Néanmoins, il peut être observé que dans tous les systèmes de droit examinés, les responsabilités contractuelle et délictuellen e diffèrent pas fondamentalement. Ce qui n’est pas surprenant si l’on remarque que les standards de conduite, en matière contractuelle et délictuelle, présentent de nombreuses similitudes. Au vu de l’altération de la démarcation entre le contrat et le délit civil dans les systèmes de droit consédéres, une stricte distinction entre la responsabilité contractuelle et la responsabilité délictuelle ne peut raisonnablement plus être maintenue. Selon l’auteur, ces responsabilitês devraient coexister dans le cas où la rupture d’un contrat renferme plus que la seule violation de l’abligation contractuelle parce qu’il existe un devoir de diligence entre les parties qui est méconnu.
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Muhammad, Muhammad, Silvia Fansurna e Amri Amri. "PELANGGARAN AKAD MUZARAAH DALAM PENGELOLAAN TANAH SAWAH SEBAGAI OBJEK GADAI". HEI EMA : Jurnal Riset Hukum, Ekonomi Islam, Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Akuntansi 3, n. 1 (30 gennaio 2024): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.61393/heiema.v3i1.210.
Abstract (sommario):
This research discusses the violation of the muzaraah contract in the management of paddy fields as an object of pawn case study in Pidie District. The problems are the practice of muzara'ah in the management of paddy fields in the Gampong Lhang settlement and the factors for violating the muzara'ah contract in the Gampong Lhang settlement and the views of Islamic law on violations of the muzara'ah contract in the management of paddy fields in Pidie District. The research used descriptive analysis method and through a qualitative approach and through obtaining data from library research and field research with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that the practice of violations in the muzaraah contract occurred due to the misuse of paddy fields which were then mortgaged by the manager, which of course was done without the permission of the landowner. The factors causing the violation of the muzaraah contract were caused by the manager's lack of responsibility for the agreed contract, so the manager gave the reason that this happened because of economic difficulties so that it was necessary to mortgage the rice fields. According to Islamic law, the muzaraah that was carried out caused a violation of the contract, in Islam it is not permissible to mortgage to another party the object of muzaraah.
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Yao, Hongjiang, Yongqiang Chen, Yangbing Zhang e Bo Du. "Contractual and relational enforcement in the aftermath of contract violations: the role of contracts and trust". International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 14, n. 6 (30 aprile 2021): 1359–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-06-2020-0202.
Abstract (sommario):
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to establish an integrated framework of the antecedents of enforcement after contract violations in construction projects and to examine whether contract provisions (control and coordination provisions) and trust (goodwill and competence trust) affect enforcement mechanisms (contractual enforcement and relational enforcement).Design/methodology/approachA survey method was employed to test the hypotheses. The authors collected data from the Chinese construction industry, and general contractor respondents were asked to answer a questionnaire about a contract violation by one of their subcontractors.FindingsControl provisions and competence trust are positively related to contractual enforcement, but goodwill trust is negatively related to contractual enforcement. Relational enforcement is influenced by goodwill trust and competence trust.Research limitations/implicationsThis study treats contract violations as a given variable, and it focuses on contract violations by subcontractors. The cross-sectional design makes it difficult to confirm the causality of the relationships.Practical implicationsOverly strict contractual enforcement can generate disputes and a vicious cycle of retaliation, and overly severe relational enforcement can damage a potentially profitable long-term relationship. In construction projects, the violating party will benefit from this study to avoid excessively contractual enforcement and relational enforcement, thus developing a more collaborative atmosphere on the current project and even establishing a solid long-term relationship.Originality/valueThis study extends the project management literature by investigating the antecedents of enforcement after contract violations, an area not yet fully researched.
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Saba, Tania, Mathieu Blouin e Louise Lemire. "Modalités de travail à temps plein ou partiel et son influence sur les attitudes et comportements au travail: L'effet médiateur de la violation du contrat psychologique". Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration 23, n. 4 (8 aprile 2009): 318–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-4490.2006.tb00610.x.
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Hagoort, Peter. "Interplay between Syntax and Semantics during Sentence Comprehension: ERP Effects of Combining Syntactic and Semantic Violations". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 15, n. 6 (1 agosto 2003): 883–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892903322370807.
Abstract (sommario):
This study investigated the effects of combined semantic and syntactic violations in relation to the effects of single semantic and single syntactic violations on language-related event-related brain potential (ERP) effects (N400 and P600/ SPS). Syntactic violations consisted of a mismatch in grammatical gender or number features of the definite article and the noun in sentence-internal or sentence-final noun phrases (NPs). Semantic violations consisted of semantically implausible adjective–noun combinations in the same NPs. Combined syntactic and semantic violations were a summation of these two respective violation types. ERPs were recorded while subjects read the sentences with the different types of violations and the correct control sentences. ERP effects were computed relative to ERPs elicited by the sentence-internal or sentence-final nouns. The size of the N400 effect to the semantic violation was increased by an additional syntactic violation (the syntactic boost). In contrast, the size of the P600/ SPS to the syntactic violation was not affected by an additional semantic violation. This suggests that in the absence of syntactic ambiguity, the assignment of syntactic structure is independent of semantic context. However, semantic integration is influenced by syntactic processing. In the sentence-final position, additional global processing consequences were obtained as a result of earlier violations in the sentence. The resulting increase in the N400 amplitude to sentence-final words was independent of the nature of the violation. A speeded anomaly detection task revealed that it takes substantially longer to detect semantic than syntactic anomalies. These results are discussed in relation to the latency and processing characteristics of the N400 and P600/SPS effects. Overall, the results reveal an asymmetry in the interplay between syntax and semantics during on-line sentence comprehension.
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Peyrat-Guillard, Dominique. "Union Discourse and Perceived Violation of Contract". Articles 63, n. 3 (14 ottobre 2008): 479–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/019098ar.
Abstract (sommario):
This article proposes a study of the violation of contract process through a case study. The study is based on a discourse of the union, SUD Michelin, which is contrasted both with those of another union, the CFE-CGC Michelin and of the senior management of the corporation. The results highlight the possibility of applying Morrison and Robinson’s (1997) Psychological Contract Violation model at the social contract level. The emotional reactions appearing in the literature, which are associated with contract violations, can be seen in the union discourse of the SUD. The other union does not perceive any breach of contract. These differences may be attributed to the very nature of social contracts—relational in the first case, and more balanced in the second.
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Kowalski, Henryk Bolesław. "Pietas and impietas as the characteristics of “good” and “bad” citizens and politicians in Rome during the decline of the Republic". Klio - Czasopismo Poświęcone Dziejom Polski i Powszechnym 58, n. 2 (15 gennaio 2021): 67–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/klio.2021.013.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract: The article discusses the use of religious elements (the contrast between the concepts of pietas vs. impietas) in the characterisation of Roman politicians and citizens during the declining years of the Republic. Pietas symbolised people possessing virtues of divine character, which, consequently, ensured their exceptional position. Accusations of impietas covered a number of cases of violation of religious regulations: inter alia, negligence of rites or sacrifices (neglegentia), profanation of worship or a sacred place, encroaching on or destruction of temples (templa, aedes, fana, sacella), places (e.g. groves – luci) or objects (e.g. altars – arae, statues – simulacra) recognised as holy, as well as tombs (violatio), sacrilegium (sacrilege), violation of the principles of divinatio (contra auspicia), as well as waging a war contrary to religious principles (bellum impium).Abstrakt: Artykuł poświęcony jest wykorzystaniu elementów religijnych (zestawienia pojęć: „pietas” - „impietas”) w charakterystyce rzymskich polityków i obywateli epoki schyłku Republiki. Pietas symbolizowała ludzi, którzy skupiali w sobie te cnoty, które miały boski charakter i w związku z tym zapewniały im wyjątkową pozycję. Oskarżenia o impietas obejmowały szereg przypadków naruszenia przepisów religijnych: m.in. zaniedbanie rytuałów bądź ofiar (neglegentia), znieważenie kultu bądź miejsca świętego, naruszenie, bądź zniszczenie: świątyń (templa, aedes, fana, sacella), miejsc (np.gajów – luci) lub rzeczy (np. ołtarze – arae, posągi – simulacra) uznanych za święte, a także grobów (violatio), „sacrilegium” (świętokradztwo), naruszenie zasad „divinatio” ( contra auspicia), a także prowadzenia niezgodnej z zasadami religijnymi wojny (bellum impium).
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Chih, Wen-Hai, Tao-Sheng Chiu, Li-Chi Lan e Wen-Chang Fang. "Psychological contract violation". International Journal of Conflict Management 28, n. 1 (13 febbraio 2017): 103–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-02-2016-0010.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose This study aims to investigate the relationships between consumers’ perceived justice and their behavioral intentions and explores the effects of psychological contract violation on the relationships. Design/methodology/approach This study conducts sampling through the survey to consumers after restaurant dining. This study collected data from 400 respondents and analyzed the data with the structural equation modeling. Findings The results indicate that consumers who experience higher level of distribution justice and procedure justice are more likely to have behavioral intentions. This study also reveals that psychological contract violation is a partial mediator of the above relationships. Consumers will feel less psychological contract violation when they perceive more distribution justice and procedure justice and will not significantly affect them more likely to repurchase intention. Originality/value During restaurant service, if consumers feel distribution or procedure injustice, they are more likely to engage in negative word-of-mouth. However, the lack of significant and positive effect of interaction justice on negative word-of-mouth in this study can be because of other intervening variables, such as intensity. Furthermore, in terms of customer’s repurchase intention, the results indicate significant and positive effects for all three types of justice on repurchase intention.
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Liu, Hailing, Ping Hu, Kewei Shi e Yudan Zhang. "Does Psychological Contract Violation Change the Original Intention of Eco-Tourists to Participate in Scenic Value Co-Creation?" Sustainability 15, n. 6 (7 marzo 2023): 4750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15064750.
Abstract (sommario):
Eco-tourists are the practitioners of promoting the harmonious development of humans and nature, and have a very important significance for the scenic spots and sustainable development of scenic areas. However, external factors often interfere with the eco-tourists’ original intention, which not only affect the tourist experience, but also bring a negative influence to the scenic spots, and even the destinations where they are located. Identifying the triggering factors and processes that influence eco-tourists’ participation in scenic value co-creation will lay a solid foundation for the effective governance of scenic areas. This paper systematically explores whether, how and when psychological contract violations significantly affect the eco-tourists’ participation in scenic value co-creation from the perspective of psychological contract violations. The data are collected from 556 eco-tourists’ questionnaires from the Yellow River Estuary Ecotourism Zone of Dongying City, Shandong Province, China. Through a hierarchical regression analysis and further validated by the Bootstrap method, the study finds the following: First, eco-tourists’ psychological contract violation has a significant negative effect on their participation in value co-creation. Second, moral disengagement plays a mediating role in the relationship between psychological contract violation and value co-creation behavior. Third, moral disengagement acts on value co-creation. The process of moral disengagement on value co-creation behavior is influenced by the level of expertise. The negative effect of moral disengagement on value co-creation decreases as the level of expertise increases. The findings of this paper not only expand the antecedents of tourists’ participation and the path of psychological contract violation in value co-creation, but also have important practical implications for promoting eco-tourists’ participation in value co-creation as well as reducing, preventing and identifying psychological contract violation in ecotourism scenic spots.
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Halmburger, Anna, Anna Baumert e Tobias Rothmund. "Seen one, seen ‘em all? Do reports about law violations of a single politician impair the perceived trustworthiness of politicians in general and of the political system?" Journal of Social and Political Psychology 7, n. 1 (18 giugno 2019): 448–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v7i1.933.
Abstract (sommario):
By bringing together a sophisticated conceptualization of political trustworthiness (integrated model of trust) with theorizing from information processing (trait inferences, inclusion-exclusion model), our research aimed at investigating the impact of a politician’s unlawful behavior on political trust. In four experimental studies, we investigated how laypersons draw inferences from media reports about a politician’s law violation to the trustworthiness of (a) that politician, (b) politicians in general, and (c) the political system as a whole. Participants who read a bogus newspaper report about a violation of law (child pornography or financial fraud) ascribed lower integrity, benevolence, and competence to the respective politician compared to those in a control condition (Study 1, 3, & 4). The perceived trustworthiness of politicians in general and the political system was also found to be decreased in one study (Study 2), which did not include items asking for the trustworthiness of the law-violating politician. By contrast, two studies including such items revealed only indirect effects through the perceived trustworthiness of the politician in question (Study 3 & 4). Our results suggest that law violations negatively affect the responsible politicians. In line with the inclusion-exclusion model, the impact from the wrongdoing of one politician to all politicians or the political system seems to be highly influenced by boundary conditions.
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von Bar, Christian. "Ole Lando Memorial Lecture: Contract Law and Human Dignity. Second Ole Lando Memorial Lecture, Vienna 2020". European Review of Private Law 28, Issue 6 (1 dicembre 2020): 1195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2020072.
Abstract (sommario):
The second Ole Lando Memorial Lecture is about the influence of theconstitutional protection of human dignity on private contract law. The paper argues that where violations of human dignity occur, it is no longer possible to distinguish between the vertical and horizontal effects of fundamental and human rights. The article demonstrates this using the example of contracts that violate dignity, in particular within the law on assisted dying. Human dignity, Contracts violating human dignity, Assisted dying Motsclés: Dignité humaine, Contrats portant atteinte à la dignité, Mort assistée Schlüsselwörter: Menschenwürde, Würdeverletzende Verträge, Sterbehilfe
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Wang, Wenjun, e Longwei Wang. "Formal Contract Violation and Conflict: The Mediating Mechanism of Psychological Contract Violation". Academy of Management Proceedings 2021, n. 1 (agosto 2021): 14585. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2021.14585abstract.
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Saeed, Mohamed Nasr. "Impact of Rumors Prevalence and Workplace Ostracism on Organizational Cynicism and Psychological Contract Violation". International Journal of Business and Management Review 10, n. 7 (15 luglio 2022): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijbmr.2013/vol10n72944.
Abstract (sommario):
Why do rumors make it difficult for subordinates to follow their bosses' orders? How do managers keep rumors from having a negative impact? Are workplace ostracism and psychological contract violations breaches motivated by organizational cynicism and/ or negative rumors? Is there a connection between optimistic rumors and the fulfillment of psychological contracts? a sample of (327) academics from Egypt's private universities were surveyed. 'a four-part questionnaire that evaluates the study' axes (workplace ostracism, positive and/ or negative rumors prevalence, organizational cynicism and psychological contract violation).
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Zhang, Guangnan, Ying Tan, Qiaoting Zhong e Ruwei Hu. "Analysis of Traffic Crashes Caused by Motorcyclists Running Red Lights in Guangdong Province of China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 2 (11 gennaio 2021): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020553.
Abstract (sommario):
Motorcycles are among the primary means of transport in China, and the phenomenon of motorcyclists running red lights is becoming increasingly prevalent. Based on the traffic crash data for 2006–2010 in Guangdong Province, China, fixed- and random-parameter logit models are used to study the characteristics of motorcyclists, vehicles, roads, and environments involved in red light violations and injury severity resulting from motorcyclists’ running red lights in China. Certain factors that affect the probability of motorcyclists running red lights are identified. For instance, while the likelihood of violating red light signals during dark conditions is lower than during light conditions for both car drivers and pedestrians, motorcyclists have significantly increased probability of a red light violation during dark conditions. For the resulting severe casualties in red-light-running crashes, poor visibility is a common risk factor for motorcyclists and car drivers experiencing severe injury. Regarding the relationship between red light violations and the severity of injuries in crashes caused by motorcyclists running red lights, this study indicated that driving direction and time period have inconsistent effects on the probability of red light violations and the severity of injuries. On the one hand, the likelihood of red light violations when a motorcycle rider is turning left/right is higher than when going straight, but this turning factor has a nonsignificant impact on the severity of injuries; on the other hand, reversing, making a U-turn and changing lanes have nonsignificant effects on the probability of motorcyclists’ red light violations in contrast to going straight, but have a very significant impact on the severity of injuries. Moreover, the likelihood of red light violations during the early morning is higher than off-peak hours, but this time factor has a negative impact on the severity of injuries. Measures including road safety educational programs for targeted groups and focused enforcement of traffic policy and regulations are suggested to reduce the number of crashes and the severity of injuries resulting from motorcyclists running red lights.
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Zhang, Guangnan, Ying Tan, Qiaoting Zhong e Ruwei Hu. "Analysis of Traffic Crashes Caused by Motorcyclists Running Red Lights in Guangdong Province of China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 2 (11 gennaio 2021): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020553.
Abstract (sommario):
Motorcycles are among the primary means of transport in China, and the phenomenon of motorcyclists running red lights is becoming increasingly prevalent. Based on the traffic crash data for 2006–2010 in Guangdong Province, China, fixed- and random-parameter logit models are used to study the characteristics of motorcyclists, vehicles, roads, and environments involved in red light violations and injury severity resulting from motorcyclists’ running red lights in China. Certain factors that affect the probability of motorcyclists running red lights are identified. For instance, while the likelihood of violating red light signals during dark conditions is lower than during light conditions for both car drivers and pedestrians, motorcyclists have significantly increased probability of a red light violation during dark conditions. For the resulting severe casualties in red-light-running crashes, poor visibility is a common risk factor for motorcyclists and car drivers experiencing severe injury. Regarding the relationship between red light violations and the severity of injuries in crashes caused by motorcyclists running red lights, this study indicated that driving direction and time period have inconsistent effects on the probability of red light violations and the severity of injuries. On the one hand, the likelihood of red light violations when a motorcycle rider is turning left/right is higher than when going straight, but this turning factor has a nonsignificant impact on the severity of injuries; on the other hand, reversing, making a U-turn and changing lanes have nonsignificant effects on the probability of motorcyclists’ red light violations in contrast to going straight, but have a very significant impact on the severity of injuries. Moreover, the likelihood of red light violations during the early morning is higher than off-peak hours, but this time factor has a negative impact on the severity of injuries. Measures including road safety educational programs for targeted groups and focused enforcement of traffic policy and regulations are suggested to reduce the number of crashes and the severity of injuries resulting from motorcyclists running red lights.
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Sears, Karen, e Gail Sears Humiston. "The role of emotion in workplace incivility". Journal of Managerial Psychology 30, n. 4 (11 maggio 2015): 390–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-11-2012-0373.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine leader-member exchange (LMX) and perceived organizational support (POS) as moderators of the relationship between psychological contract violation and workplace incivility. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was administered to employed adults. Findings – The association between violation and incivility was more pronounced when levels of LMX and POS were higher. Research limitations/implications – The correlation design limits the ability to draw causal inferences. Affect models, including but not limited to affect infusion model (AIM), offer a useful framework for enhancing understanding of incivility and other forms of counterproductive work behaviors. Practical implications – The study has contributed to knowledge about contract violation’s implications for work behaviors, such as incivility. Managers sensitive to the dynamics of contract breach may prevent feelings of violation by communicating clearly and often about expectations, resources, and procedures. Social implications – Organizational and societal leaders may be well served by knowledge about preventing people’s intense responses to perceived violation by appropriately responding to perceived breach. Originality/value – The study draws upon AIM as a novel approach to understanding conditions under which negative emotions are most likely to relate to workplace incivility. Moreover, the roles of social exchange variables LMX and POS have heretofore been unexplored as moderators of the violation-incivility relationship.
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Jongadsayakul, Woradee. "Determinants of Violations in the SET50 Index Options Pricing Relationships: Put-Call-Futures Parity and Box Spread Tests". Asian Social Science 14, n. 3 (26 febbraio 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n3p1.
Abstract (sommario):
Although SET50 Index Options, the only option product on Thailand Futures Exchange, has been traded since October 29, 2007, it has faced the liquidity problem. The SET50 Index Options market must offer a risk premium to compensate investors for liquidity risk. It may cause violations in options pricing relationships. This research therefore uses daily data from October 29, 2007 to December 30, 2016 to compare the violations in SET50 Index Options pricing relationships before and after change in contract specification on October 29, 2012 and investigate determinants of these violations using Tobit model. Two tests of SET50 Index Options pricing relationships, Put-Call-Futures Parity and Box Spread, are employed. The test results of Put-Call-Futures Parity show that the percentage and baht amount of violations in many cases are greater in the period before the modification of SET50 Index Options. Without transaction costs, we also see more Box Spread violations before contract adjustment. However, after taking transaction costs into account, there are more percentage and baht amount of Box Spread violations in the later time period. The estimation of Tobit model shows that the violation sizes of both Put-Call-Futures Parity and Box Spread, excluding transaction costs, depend on the liquidity of SET50 Index Options market measured by option moneyness and open interest. The SET50 Index Options contract specification, especially exercise price, also significantly affects the size of violations, though the direction of a relationship is not cleared.
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Khan, Kamran, Tahira Nazir e Khuram Shafi. "The Effects of Perceived Narcissistic Supervision and Workplace Bullying on Employee Silence: The Mediating Role of Psychological Contracts Violation". Business & Economic Review 13, n. 2 (15 giugno 2021): 87–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.22547/ber/13.2.4.
Abstract (sommario):
This research has emphasized on the effects of perceived narcissistic supervision and workplace bullying on employee’s silence. It also investigates the role of psychological contract violation as a mediating variable among workplace bullying, perceived narcissistic supervision, and employee silence. Data of 395 employees who are working in the Banking and Telecommunication sector has been tested by Using SMART PLS 3.2.2 Software to assess a mediation model. The results of the study support to our hypothesis. The obtained results show the direct positive relation of perceived narcissistic supervision and workplace bullying with employee silence. These further elaborate the significant positive mediation relation of psychological contract violations among all above mentioned variables. Drawing upon the fairness heuristic theory and conservation of resources theory, the current study added in the literature that psychological contract violation and employee silence have been characterized by stressful working conditions .i.e. perceived narcissistic supervision and workplace bullying. Practical implications and recommendations for future studies for researchers are discussed.
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Jia, Jiacheng, Guiliang Yin, Lingling Sun e Ahmed Abu-Siada. "Schedule Strategy Considering the Overload Violation Risk to the Security Region in Distribution Networks". Energies 15, n. 23 (22 novembre 2022): 8781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238781.
Abstract (sommario):
Due to the uncertainty of the nodal power caused by the varying renewable energies and the variety of loads, the line power of the distribution network (DN) is uncertainty also. In extreme scenarios, the line power may exceed the loading limits and incur overload violations. In this paper, a risk analysis specifically for overload violations based on the security region of the DN is established. This method takes the N-0 security of the DN as the reference to determine the bidirectional security region and violation distances. The calculation of the probability distribution of the overload violation in the distribution lines is established according to the distribution of node injections of the DN by using the semi-invariant algorithm. By referring to the security boundaries, the optimization model of the anti-violation strategy to minimize the cost of anti-violation is derived, by which the severity of violation risk events is obtained accordingly. Assessment of the risk cost is built with the CVaR index for violation events. Based on the above algorithms, the risk-tolerated scheduling model of the DN is arrived at with the objective of minimizing the comprehensive risk cost and operating cost. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is verified by a modified IEEE 33-node example.
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Kwon, Ohchul, Wonjae Jang, Giyeon Kim e Chang-Gun Lee. "Optimal Planning of Dynamic Thermal Management for NANS (N-App N-Screen) Services". Electronics 7, n. 11 (8 novembre 2018): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7110311.
Abstract (sommario):
Existing multi-screening technologies have been limited to mirroring the current screen of the smartphone onto all the connected external display devices. In contrast, NANS (N-App N-Screen) technology is able to display different applications (N-App) on different multiple display devices (N-Screen) using only a smartphone. For such NANS services, this paper empirically shows that the thermal violation constraint is more critical than the battery life constraint. For preventing the thermal violation, the existing DTM (Dynamic Thermal Management) techniques cannot be used since they consider thermal violations as abnormal, and hence prevent them by severely throttling CPU frequencies resulting in serious QoS degradation. In NANS service scenarios it is normal to operate in high temperature ranges to continue services with acceptable QoS. Targeting such scenarios, we first propose a novel thermal prediction method specially designed for NANS services. Based on the novel thermal prediction method, we then propose a novel DTM technique called, “thermal planning” to provide sustainable NANS services with sufficiently high QoS without thermal violations.
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Hahne, Anja, e Angela D. Friederici. "Electrophysiological Evidence for Two Steps in Syntactic Analysis: Early Automatic and Late Controlled Processes". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 11, n. 2 (marzo 1999): 194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892999563328.
Abstract (sommario):
In this study we examined the properties of the processes involved in the structural analysis of sentences using event-related brain potential measures (ERP). Previous research had shown two ERP components to correlate with phrase structure violations: an early left anterior negativity (ELAN), which is assumed to reflect first-pass parsing processes, and a late parietally distributed positivity (P600), assumed to reflect second-pass parsing processes. We hypothesized that the first-pass parsing processes are highly automatic, whereas second-pass parsing processes are more controlled. To test this hypothesis we varied the proportion of correct sentences and sentences containing phrase structure violations with incorrect sentences being either of a low (20% violation) or a high (80% violation) proportion. Results showed that the early left anterior negativity was elicited and equally pronounced under both proportion conditions. By contrast, the late positivity was elicited for a low proportion of incorrect sentences only. This data pattern suggests that first-pass parsing processes are automatic, whereas second-pass parsing processes are under participants' strategic control.
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Matkevich, V. A., M. M. Potskhveriya, A. Yu Simonova, T. A. Vasina e S. S. Petrikov. "Intestinal Microbiocenosis Disorders Correction With Intestinal Lavage in Patients With Acute Poisoning". Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care" 10, n. 2 (24 agosto 2021): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.23934/2223-9022-2021-10-2-285-292.
Abstract (sommario):
Background. In acute poisoning, accompanied by a violation of microbiocenosis, the problem of its correction has not been studied enough.Aim of study. Evaluate the possibility of correcting violations of microbiocenosis using intestinal lavage in cases of poisoning with psychopharmacological preparations and cauterizing substances.Material and methods. 50 male (76.4%) and female (23.6%) patients aged 42 (36; 52) years with psychopharmacological drugs and cauterizing substances poisoning were examined, the composition of the fecal microflora was studied. A total of 100 studies of up to 10 species of microorganisms were conducted. In order to correct violations of the species composition of microbiocenosis, 30 patients underwent intestinal lavage. The comparison group included 20 patients who did not use intestinal lavage.Results. In patients with these poisonings, violations of the specific microbial composition of feces were detected. Intestinal lavage, in contrast to standard therapy, had a corrective effect on fecal microbiocenosis.Conclusion. With the help of intestinal lavage, it is possible to correct violations of microbiocenosis in acute poisoning in a short time.
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Ovcharov, Artem V. "Criminal law enforcement of the state contract (According to the Code on Criminal and Correctional Punishments of 1845)". Gosudarstvo i pravo, n. 8 (2023): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520027233-7.
Abstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to the history of the regulation of relations in the field, which is now called procurement for state and municipal needs, as well as the history of liability for various abuses in this area in domestic legislation. According to the Code of Criminal and Correctional Punishments of 1845, the author classifies and examines in detail the compositions providing for liability for both corrupt manifestations in procurement activities and for violation of procurement procedures. On the basis of the above, the author the conclusion is formulated on the development of lawmaking in the field of countering violations in procurement activities.
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Estreder, Yolanda, Thomas Rigotti, Inés Tomás e José Ramos. "Psychological contract and organizational justice: the role of normative contract". Employee Relations: The International Journal 42, n. 1 (6 gennaio 2020): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-02-2018-0039.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine perceptions of the psychological contract (PC) simultaneously at the individual level (fulfillment of obligations by the organization and PC violation) and the organizational level (normative contract), and their relationship with employees’ evaluations of organizational justice. Based on justice and information processing approaches, the hypothesis is that normative contract has an effect on employees’ perceptions of organizational justice, and also moderates the relationship between PC violation and organizational justice. Design/methodology/approach Multilevel modeling was employed with a multinational sample of 5,338 employees nested in 214 companies. Findings Findings showed that beyond the positive effect of fulfillment of obligations by the organization, PC violation has a strong negative effect on organizational justice. In addition, normative contract has a positive effect on organizational justice, showing that when shared perceptions of normative contract are higher, then the organizational justice perceptions of employees are also higher. Furthermore, the normative contract moderated the relationship between PC violation and organizational justice, showing that the negative relationship of PC violation with organizational justice was stronger when the normative contract was higher. Practical implications Findings suggest that normative contract has effects on organizational justice, and that PC violation had more negative effects on employees’ perceptions of organizational justice perceptions when colleagues’ shared perceptions of fulfillment were higher. This means that social context (shared perceptions in an organization about the PC) has effects on individual perceptions of organizational justice. Companies need to pay attention to detrimental effects on employees who perceive a worse PC than their colleagues do. Originality/value The study extends the current research by demonstrating that employee–employer exchanges are not limited to individual level effects because shared perceptions of PC fulfillment (normative contract) also have relevant effects on employees’ perceptions of organizational justice.
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Kurt, Havana Sevcan. "Psychological contract violation and turnover intention". Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues 10, n. 2 (30 settembre 2020): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjpr.v10i2.4566.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of this research was to examine the role of loyalty where employees perceive the effect on their psychological contract breach of the bank’s intention to leave the call centre operating in Turkey. For this purpose, the literature was examined and a research questionnaire was prepared based on the psychological contract violation (PC), intention to quit and perception of loyalty. This survey was used to collect data of 634 banking call centres operating in Turkey using the sampling method. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 25 and LISREL 8.7 statistical package programmes were applied in the analysis of the research data. Structural equation modelling was used to test the research hypothesis. In the relationship between (PC) and turnover intention, employee-perceived loyalty has a partial mediating role. This result is considered important for bank managers and human resources specialists who want to improve their success and the quality of the service they offer to their customers. In this study, only the perceptions of the employee were examined. It is also recommended to examine the perceptions of managers working in different sectors. Keywords: Loyalty, psychological contract violation, turnover intention.
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Guerrero, Sylvie, e Mickael Naulleau. "What’s Next after Psychological Contract Violation?" Articles 71, n. 4 (3 gennaio 2017): 639–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1038526ar.
Abstract (sommario):
This article adopts an in-depth clinical perspective based on the theoretical framework of grief in order to examine individuals’ reactions following psychological contract violation over a period of 12 months. By focusing on emotional intra-psychic phenomena our study provides evidence of the enduring effects of psychological contract violation on individuals and the employment relationship. We conducted a total of 60 interviews among 11 managers of a temporary employment agency that has implemented a series of organizational changes, mainly related to restructuring and downsizing decisions. The 11 managers interviewed have been chosen after having reported in a short survey that they experienced a psychological contract violation at work. Our results indicate that psychological contract violation triggers the subject into a grief process only when violation deprives the individual from a highly invested object at work. In these circumstances, the grief process lasts longer than we originally expected since, over 12 months, we were unable to observe the grief process in its entirety among our participants. We also find that the grief process may be accelerated or stopped according to the capacity of the organization and the individual to offer new objects that satisfy the individual’s needs and thus may help the person mourn the loss experienced as a result of the violation. Finally, our results show that the grief process deeply alters the employment relationship and modifies the amount and intensity of energy that the participants of our study devote to their work.
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De Clercq, Dirk, Inam Ul Haq e Muhammad Umer Azeem. "Perceived contract violation and job satisfaction". International Journal of Organizational Analysis 28, n. 2 (18 novembre 2019): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-07-2019-1837.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose This paper aims to investigate how employees’ perceptions of psychological contract violation or sense of organizational betrayal, might diminish their job satisfaction, as well as how their access to two critical personal resources – emotion regulation skills and work-related self-efficacy – might buffer this negative relationship. Design/methodology/approach Two-wave survey data came from employees of Pakistani-based organizations. Findings Perceived contract violation reduces job satisfaction, but the effect is weaker at higher levels of emotion regulation skills and work-related self-efficacy. Practical implications For organizations, these results show that the frustrations that come with a sense of organizational betrayal can be contained more easily to the extent that their employees can draw from relevant personal resources. Originality/value This investigation provides a more complete understanding of when perceived contract violation will deplete employees’ emotional resources, in the form of feelings of happiness about their job situation. A sense of organizational betrayal is less likely to escalate into reduced job satisfaction when employees can control their negative emotions and feel confident about their work-related competencies.
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Shin, Jiseon, e Susan M. Taylor. "Psychological Contract Violation during Organizational Change". Academy of Management Proceedings 2012, n. 1 (luglio 2012): 15114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2012.15114abstract.
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Haque, Sharjil, e Anya Kleymenova. "Private Equity and Debt Contract Enforcement: Evidence from Covenant Violations". Finance and Economics Discussion Series, n. 2023-018 (aprile 2023): 1–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2023.018.
Abstract (sommario):
We document the importance of a financial sponsor when a borrower violates a covenant, providing creditors the opportunity to enforce debt contracts. We identify private-equity (PE) sponsored borrowers in the Shared National Credit Program (SNC) data and find PE-sponsored borrowers violate covenants more often than comparable non-PE borrowers. Yet, compared to non-PE, PE-backed borrowers experience smaller reductions in credit commitment upon violation, suggesting lenders are lenient with PE sponsors. Moreover, this leniency is stronger among financially healthier lenders. We show that our results are consistent with a repeated-deals mechanism, as lenders frequently interact with financial sponsors and choose to preserve relationship rent. Consistent with this mechanism, we find little evidence that PE-sponsored loans eventually underperform relative to non-PE-sponsored ones following covenant violations. Our findings have important implications for understanding heterogeneity in debt contract enforcement and credit constraints faced by distressed borrowers with financial sponsors.
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Dewi Kasih, Desak Putu, e Putu Devi Yustisia Utami. "Standard Contract on Banking Sector: Regulation and Description in Internal Banking Regulations". Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) 10, n. 2 (30 luglio 2021): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmhu.2021.v10.i02.p05.
Abstract (sommario):
This study aims to determine the regulations regarding standard contracts in the banking sector after the existence of the authority of the Otoritas Jasa keuangan, to find out the legal consequences of violations of the provisions of standard contracts carried out by banking financial services and to determine efforts to prevent violations of standard contracts by banking financial services. This is normative legal research with with statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results show that the regulation regarding the standard contract after the existence of the OJK as a financial service consumer protection agency is regulated through the Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK) No.1/POJK.07/2013 concerning Consumer Protection in the Financial Services Sector and in the Financial Services Authority Circular Letter (SEOJK) No. 13 /SEOJK.07 / 2014 regarding the Standard contract. The legal consequences of violating the provisions of the standard contract are not regulated in the POJK and the SEOJK. When it compared with the provisions of article 18 paragraph (3) of the Consumer Protection Law which explicitly states that violations of article 18 paragraphs (1) and (2) result in standard clauses being null and void, POJK and SEOJK only require financial service actors to make action plan, hence it is deemed to have no clear legal consequences. One of the efforts that must be made by banking financial service actors to prevent violations of the provisions of the standard contract is by making standard contract regulations independently and elaborating them in the internal banking regulations.
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Eckstein, Korinna, e Angela D. Friederici. "It's Early: Event-related Potential Evidence for Initial Interaction of Syntax and Prosody in Speech Comprehension". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, n. 10 (ottobre 2006): 1696–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.10.1696.
Abstract (sommario):
Psycholinguistic theories assume an interaction between prosody and syntax during language processing. Based on studies using mostly off-line methods, it is unclear whether an interaction occurs at later or initial processing stages. Using event-related potentials, the present study provides neurophysiological evidence for a prosody and syntax interaction in initial processing. The sentence material contained mere prosodic and syntactic as well as combined prosodic-syntactic violations. For the syntax violation, the critical word appeared after a preposition. The suffix of the critical word either indicated a noun fulfilling the syntactic requirements of the preceding preposition or a verb causing a word category violation. For the prosodic manipulation, congruent critical words were normally intonated (signaling sentence continuation) while prosodically incongruent critical words signaled sentence end. For the mere prosodic incongruity, a broadly distributed negativity was observed at the critical word-stem (300–500 msec aligned to word onset). In response to a mere syntactic error, a left temporal negativity was elicited in an early time window (200–400 msec aligned to suffix onset), taken to reflect initial phrase structure building processes. In contrast, in response to the combined prosodic-syntactic violation, an early temporal negativity showed up bilaterally at the suffix in the same time window. Our interpretation is that the process of initial structure building as reflected in the early left anterior negativity recruits additional right hemispheric neural resources when the critical word contains both syntactic and prosodic violations. This suggests the immediate influence of phrasal prosody during the initial parsing stage in speech processing.
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Kim, Ko-Woon. "When Expatriates Feel Betrayed: Perceived Psychological Contract Violation and Its Consequences and Potential Moderators". International Academy of Global Business and Trade 19, n. 2 (30 aprile 2023): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20294/jgbt.2023.19.2.77.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose - Given the fact that a majority of multinational enterprises (MNEs) are still heavily reliant on expatriates for critical functions abroad, expatriate management is crucial to MNEs in today’s global business environment. In this context, increasing attention has been devoted to the psychological contract as a useful explanatory tool for understanding expatriate management. In spite of a growing recognition of its importance in expatriate management, the psychological contract has not yet been sufficiently studied in the multi-layered context of expatriation. Therefore, this paper aims to explore expatriate psychological contracts in the multicontextual nature of expatriation.
Design/Methodology/Approach - Drawing upon social exchange theory and equity theory, this paper develops a conceptual framework for the relationship between perceived psychological contract violations and work-related outcomes and proposes the contextual moderators of this relationship at the individual, organizational, and national levels, respectively.
Findings - Four research propositions are developed around the proposed conceptual model, such that expatriates that perceive a violation of the psychological contract have significantly lower job satisfaction and commitment to the MNE. Moreover, the moderating effects of individual (e.g., cultural intelligence), organizational (e.g., the extent of cross-cultural training), and national (e.g., cultural distance) factors on the relationship between perceived psychological contract violations and expatriate attitudinal outcomes are suggested.
Research Implications - This paper can vastly increase the current understanding of psychological contracts by broadening its application beyond the domestic employee-employer relationship. It also provides relevant insight into expatriate management.
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Slom, Fawzi Ahmed Abdullah. "The Role of Good Governance in Promoting Human Rights in Sudan". American Journal of Arts and Human Science 3, n. 3 (11 giugno 2024): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajahs.v3i3.2884.
Abstract (sommario):
For several decades, Sudan has been plagued by persistent human rights violations, which have caught the attention of the international community, including organizations such as Amnesty International, the African Union, and the United Nations. This paper explores the role of good governance in promoting human rights in Sudan, utilising a qualitative research methodology and collecting secondary data from online sources such as Amnesty International, Sudan Human Rights Report, Human Rights Watch, and Reuters to examine human rights abuses in Sudan from 2010 to 2023, alongside academic journals. A case study approach is used to deeply explore cases of human rights violations in Sudan using secondary data. Findings show that human rights violations persist in Sudan due to ongoing war and state security involvement in violation acts. The research is grounded in John Locke’s social contract theory. The study sheds light on various human rights violations that are prevalent in Sudan, such as arbitrary detention, torture, suppression of freedom of expression, and discrimination, and the consequences of these violations. The article concludes that good governance is essential for protecting and promoting human rights in Sudan and recommends that efforts be made to strengthen governance and foster an environment where human rights are respected and upheld.
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Tomprou, Maria, Denise M. Rousseau e Samantha D. Montes. "Reactions in the Aftermath of Psychological Contract Violation: Post- Violation Resilience Theory". Academy of Management Proceedings 2013, n. 1 (gennaio 2013): 11945. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.11945abstract.
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Kovalenko, S. N. "Features of the implementation of the public procurement process in the field of healthcare". Buhuchet v zdravoohranenii (Accounting in Healthcare), n. 9 (1 settembre 2021): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-17-2109-06.
Abstract (sommario):
This article examines in detail the aspects of the regulatory organization of the procurement procedure in the field of healthcare, examines the rights of the parties to the procurement, their obligations and responsibility for violations of the terms of the contract for the supply of goods and (or) services. In addition to the regulatory aspects, the process of purchasing medical goods and goods for the needs of a medical institution is considered. The contract for the supply of pharmaceutical products is analyzed. On its basis, the analysis was carried out, according to the normative legal acts on the compliance of the performance of both parties of their powers and duties, comments were formed that can be regarded as a violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation.
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Mueller, Jutta L., Anja Hahne, Yugo Fujii e Angela D. Friederici. "Native and Nonnative Speakers' Processing of a Miniature Version of Japanese as Revealed by ERPs". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17, n. 8 (agosto 2005): 1229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0898929055002463.
Abstract (sommario):
Several event-related potential (ERP) studies in second language (L2) processing have revealed a differential vulnerability of syntax-related ERP effects in contrast to purely semantic ERP effects. However, it is still debated to what extent a potential critical period for L2 acquisition, as opposed to the attained proficiency level in the L2, contributes to the pattern of results reported in previous ERP studies. We studied L2 processing within the model of a miniature version of a natural language, namely Japanese, specifically constructed to assure high proficiency of the learners. In an auditory ERP experiment, we investigated sentence processing of the “Mini-Japanese” in Japanese native speakers and German volunteers before and after training. By making use of three different types of violation, namely, word category, case, and classifier violations, native and nonnative ERP patterns were compared. The three types of violation elicited three characteristic ERP patterns in Japanese native speakers. The word category violation elicited an anteriorly focused, broadly distributed early negativity followed by a P600, whereas the case violation evoked a P600 which was preceded by an N400. The classifier violation led solely to a late left distributed negativity with an anterior focus. Although the P600 was similar for Japanese natives and learners, the N400 and the anterior negativities were not present in the learner group. The differences across groups suggest deviant neural processes in on-line syntactic and thematic processing in the L2 learners despite high behavioral skills.
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Shipunova, Tatiana V. "RE-DEFINING CRIME IN MORAL DISCOURSE AND SOCIAL SECURITY". Society and Security Insights 4, n. 3 (31 ottobre 2021): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/ssi(2021)3-08.
Abstract (sommario):
The author connects further study of the problems of social security with the need to redefine crime. The article deals with the transformation of ideas about crime and the appeal of modern researchers to the idea of understanding it in moral discourse. The author supports and develops further the thesis about the need to use the concept of «ethical minimum», which should be used in assessing the activities of the main subjects of social security. Violation of the principle of social justice in its instrumental meaning is considered as the main criterion for assessment. Those norms, laws, measures implemented by various subjects of social security that support the foundations of a decent life for people in society will be socially just. If this principle is ignored, “gray zones” of social security arise, in which there are increased risks of violation of the “ethical minimum”. The article also discusses the issue of separating such violations from completely understandable and explainable errors and management deficiencies that are difficult to avoid in situations of increased risks. Violations of the “ethical minimum” in the “gray zones” of social security, in contrast to a criminal offense, should receive an independent public assessment based on the methodology for studying the social responsibility of all agents important for ensuring the protection of the population.
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Khrennikov, Andrei. "Buonomano against Bell: Nonergodicity or nonlocality?" International Journal of Quantum Information 15, n. 08 (dicembre 2017): 1740010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021974991740010x.
Abstract (sommario):
The aim of this note is to attract attention of the quantum foundational community to the fact that in Bell’s arguments, one cannot distinguish two hypotheses: (a) quantum mechanics is nonlocal, (b) quantum mechanics is nonergodic. Therefore, experimental violations of Bell’s inequality can be as well interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that stochastic processes induced by quantum measurements are nonergodic. The latter hypothesis was discussed actively by Buonomano since 1980. However, in contrast to Bell’s hypothesis on nonlocality, it did not attract so much attention. The only experiment testing the hypothesis on nonergodicity was performed in neutron interferometry (by Summhammer, in 1989). This experiment can be considered as rejecting this hypothesis. However, it cannot be considered as a decisive experiment. New experiments are badly needed. We point out that a nonergodic model can be realistic, i.e. the distribution of hidden (local!) variables is well-defined. We also discuss coupling of violation of the Bell inequality with violation of the condition of weak mixing for ergodic dynamical systems.
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Yang, Bo, e Shanping Li. "UIGuider: Detecting Implicit Design Guidelines Using a Domain Knowledge Graph Approach". Electronics 13, n. 7 (26 marzo 2024): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13071210.
Abstract (sommario):
Mobile application developers must adhere to a set of design guidelines to ensure consistency in graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and strive for best practices. Violating these widely accepted design guidelines can negatively impact user experience and diminish an application’s market value. Although a few explicit design guidelines outline specific user interface layouts to avoid, substantial design knowledge remains scattered across various web pages. This implicit design knowledge includes design guidelines for UI component usage scenarios, anatomy, fine-grained categorizations, etc. Manually inspecting design guideline violations is knowledge-intensive and time-consuming, demanding high levels of expertise. To address this, we propose UIGuider, a novel approach to automatically constructing a component-based design knowledge graph using multimodal data. UIGuider can discern valuable text containing design guidelines, extract component and concept entities, and establish relationships among them. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of UIGuider in automatically detecting implicit design guidelines and constructing domain knowledge graphs. Additionally, the result presentation of a design violation detection tool is optimized. The results of user studies confirm that the use of the knowledge graph and real-world app datasets enhances the overall usability of the tool.