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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Vineyards"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 29 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Vineyards"

Verešová, Martina, e Ján Supuka. "Changes of landscape structure and cultural values of vineyard landscape". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, n. 5 (2013): 1459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361051459.

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The aim of this paper is to assess the structural changes development of vineyard type of cultural agriculture landscape in Čajkov cadastre. In landscape space out of built up rural settlement Čajkov the vineyards create a specific landscape segment which covers 6% of the whole cadastre area. Two time development periods are compared, i.e. 1896s and 2010s, or 2011s with emphasis to land use form changes and area size changes of vineyard parcels. The result shows that vineyards represent more than 100 hundred years continuity of historical valuable cultural landscape which was not influenced by agricultural collectivisation processes within the second part of the 20th century. The second part of the paper is aimed to assess cultural value of the vineyards by using 9 different criteria such as: age of vineyards, area plots and mosaic structures, archaic vine technology, anthropogenic relief, old vineyard’s buildings and sacral architectural elements, old large and rare fruit trees, traditional and local vine sorts, archaeological locality and finds. Assessed vineyards landscape of Čajkov cadastre is unique, has well preserved historical continuity in landscape structure and a high cultural and historic value.

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Williamson, Joe R., e Donn T. Johnson. "Effects of Grape Berry Moth Management Practices and Landscape on Arthropod Diversity in Grape Vineyards in the Southern United States". HortTechnology 15, n. 2 (gennaio 2005): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.2.0232.

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Agricultural monocultures with intensive pest management practices reduce diversity and create instability in agricultural ecosystems, thereby increasing reliance upon pesticides. This study compares the influence of three insect pest management programs in vineyards on arthropod diversity as well as parasitism and control of grape berry moth (Endopiza viteana), the key pest of grapes (Vitis labrusca) in eastern North America. Vineyards in Bald Knob, Hindsville, Judsonia, Lowell, and Searcy, Ark., were managed with a range of intensity of insecticide use, a reduced insecticide program with Exosex-GBM dispensers for mating disruption, or no pesticide use in abandoned vineyards. Arthropod diversity and carabid (Carabidae) density in each vineyard was sampled with pitfall traps. Grape berry moth flight was monitored by pheromone traps. Grape berry moth–infested grapes were collected from the field and reared in the lab until parasites or moths emerged. There were significant differences in arthropod diversity between vineyard sites, with Shannon diversity index values generally higher in woods and managed vineyards with conventional sprays and/or mating disruption than in abandoned sites. Shannon index values for arthropod diversity were significantly lower at the vineyard edge in Searcy (recently abandoned), vineyard center and edge in Bald Knob (abandoned), and the vineyard edge in Hindsville (conventional sprays). In 2003, carabid density was significantly highest in the edge and center of the Hindsville vineyard (high insecticide usage) and the abandoned Bald Knob vineyard had significantly lowest carabid density. Apparently, insecticide sprays resulted in more food on the vineyard floor for carabids. The vineyard floor management was too variable among vineyards to deduce its effect on carabid density. With some exceptions, low-spray and no-spray vineyards generally showed greater diversity and parasitism of grape berry moth than high-spray vineyards. Parasitism was higher in some high-spray vineyards than in low-spray with mating disruption vineyards. Grape berry moth flight and berry damage were more dependent on spray timing than intensity. This study demonstrates that insect pest management programs impact arthropod diversity and parasitism. Further testing is needed to determine why parasitism of grape berry moth decreased in the vineyards using the mating disruption tactic.

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Cieniewicz, Elizabeth, Madison Flasco, Melina Brunelli, Anuli Onwumelu, Alice Wise e Marc F. Fuchs. "Differential Spread of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus in California and New York Vineyards". Phytobiomes Journal 3, n. 3 (gennaio 2019): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pbiomes-04-19-0020-r.

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Limited information is available on the spread dynamics of grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV, genus Grablovirus, family Geminiviridae) in vineyards. In this study, we investigated red blotch disease progress in three vineyards with a disparate initial inoculum prevalence. Secondary spread was documented in Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet franc vineyards in California, but not in a Merlot vineyard in New York. Increase in annual disease incidence (4.8, 0.13, and 0%) was unrelated to the estimated initial source of inoculum at planting (1, 40, and 40%) in the Cabernet franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot vineyards, respectively. Limited genetic diversity of GRBV populations in newly infected vines supported localized spread in California vineyards, and suggested the planting material as the primary source of inoculum. Among the community of hemipteran insects visiting two of the three study vineyards, populations of Spissistilus festinus, the vector of GRBV, were absent in the Merlot vineyard and low in the Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard. Furthermore, all cover crop samples collected from GRBV-infected California vineyards each spring of 2016 to 2018, particularly legume species which are preferred hosts of S. festinus, tested negative for GRBV, suggesting a minimal role, if any, in GRBV spread as inoculum reservoirs. Together our findings illustrate differential disease progress in distinct vineyard ecosystems, and support the elimination of virus inoculum sources as an actionable disease management strategy across vineyards.

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Jaksic, Darko, Veljko Perovic, Dragan Nikolic, Dragoslav Ivanisevic, Bratislav Cirkovic, Vojkan Stojanovic e Ivan Bradic. "Classification of sustainability potential of genetic resources of local grapevine varieties in Serbia". Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, n. 146 (2024): 91–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2446091j.

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The starting point for every viticultural and wine-producing country with respect to local grapevine varieties is their identification, inventory, preservation and development of genetic resources of those varieties. There are currently 224 grapevine va?rieties cultivated in Serbia for the purpose of commercial production of grapes and wine. Out of that number, 31 wine varieties are local. Vineyards under those varieties can be dif?ferentiated by their importance for production of grapes and wine, and by the level of their endangerment, that is, sustainability in conditions caused by climate changes. This paper presents the creation, that is, the modeling of the Method for Vineyard Sustainability Clas?wine grapevine varieties on grounds of their endangerment and sustainability, based on 20 examined and categorized individual vineyard sustainability parameters; to carry out comsification (MVSC). The purpose of MVSC classification is: to valorize vineyards with local prehensive classification into one of the four established vineyard sustainability classes (Class A - very endangered vineyards, Class B - endangered vineyards, Class C - sustainable vineyards and Class D - very sustainable vineyards); spatial identification and presentation of vineyards based on determined vineyard sustainability class through application of GIS technology; and finally, application of Network Analysis (NA), prioritization of examined parameters and, therefore, vineyards. A total of 10,402 vineyards under local grapevine wine varieties were used for modeling, and it was determined that 29 vineyards with the total surface of 1.2 hectares should be classified in Class A, while 2,883 vineyards with the total surface of 158.2 hectares should be classified in Class B. With respect to the strength of 20 individual vineyard sustainability parameters, it was determined that the parameter Structure of the vine rootstock (SVR) has the greatest impact, and priority in selection of vineyards in different sustainability classes should be given to vineyards without rootstocks. In accordance with the scientific justification of obtained results, the MVSC enables comprehensive clas?sification of the potential for sustainability of genetic resources of local grapevine varieties in Serbia, and it can be applied in other countries and wine-growing areas, as well as to other groups of grapevine varieties.

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Verdugo-Vásquez, Nicolás, Emilio Villalobos-Soublett, Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa e Miguel Araya-Alman. "Spatial Variability of Production and Quality in Table Grapes ‘Flame Seedless’ Growing on a Flat Terrain and Slope Site". Horticulturae 7, n. 8 (19 agosto 2021): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7080254.

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(1) Background: Precision agriculture has been used mostly to study spatial variability in vineyards for winemaking. Nevertheless, there is little available information on the impacts of its use on table grape vineyards under different slope conditions. (2) Methods: The aim was to study the spatial variability of production and berry quality in ‘Flame Seedless’ vines established on a flat (3% slope) and sloping (23% slope) terrain in the Chilean hyper-arid northern region. (3) Results: The results showed that in both vineyards, the measured variables presented a high spatial variability according to their coefficient of variation, being higher in slope than in the flat vineyard. The geostatistical analysis showed that 82% of the measured variables presented a strong spatial dependence in the slope vineyard, whereas 45% and 55% of the variables measured in the flat vineyard presented strong and moderate spatial dependence, respectively. Elevation was related to berry quality parameters in both vineyards, while trunk vine circumference was related to berry quality for the slope vineyard and to yield for the flat vineyard. (4) Conclusions: There is an important spatial variability in table grape vineyards mostly those cultivated on slope sites. Therefore, precision agriculture tools can be useful for zoning table grape vineyards, and thus improving both economic returns of viticulturists and sustainability.

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Seniczak, Anna, Stanisław Seniczak, Ivan García-Parra, Francisco Ferragut, Pilar Xamaní, Radomir Graczyk, Enric Messeguer, Rafael Laborda e Eugenia Rodrigo. "Oribatid mites of conventional and organic vineyards in the Valencian Community, Spain". Acarologia 58, Suppl (28 settembre 2018): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20184281.

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In this study the oribatid mite communities of conventional and organic vineyards in theValencian Community (Spain) were compared. The soil samples were collected in El Poble Nou de Benitatxell in autumn 2014 and spring 2015 from four sites, treated as replicates, each including a conventional vineyard, an organic vineyard, and a control (natural habitat, i.e. in plots 1-3 an abandoned vineyard, in plot 4 an area never used in agriculture). Two parallel samples were collected in each vineyard from a zone between vine rows, driven by a tractor (Tr), a zone between vines (Vi), the border of the vineyard (Bo) and from a control, making a total of 112 samples. In total 3,225 oribatid mites were obtained represented by 59 species. No differences were found in density of Oribatida between the conventional, organic vineyards and the control, but the species diversity was higher in the control than in the vineyards. In the vineyards the density and species number of the oribatid mites were highest between vines (the average from all vineyards and both seasons was 4,400 individuals per 1 m2, 15 species), followed by the border of the vineyards (2,800 individuals per 1 m2, 14 species) and were lowest between vine rows (400 individuals per 1 m2, 6 species). The species diversity of Oribatida was higher in autumn than in spring, while the density followed this pattern only in the vineyards, but not in the control. In the vineyards Oribatula excavata dominated (D = 25), followed by Minunthozetes quadriareatus and Passalozetes africanus (D = 18 and 14, respectively), while in the control these species were not abundant. In the control the most abundant species was Oppiella subpectinata (D = 28), followed by Eremulus flagellifer (D = 20). Podoribates longipes and Steganacarus boulfekhari are reported for the first time in Spain. To conclude, the oribatid mites did not benefit from the organic cultivation of the vineyards, probably because they are tolerant to herbicides used in the conventional systems but sensitive to mechanical cultivation of soil, which was even more intense in organic vineyards than in the conventional ones.

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Ganem, Zeana, Marco Ferrante, Yael Lubin, Igor Armiach Steinpress, Moshe Gish, Rakefet Sharon, Ally R. Harari, Tamar Keasar e Efrat Gavish-Regev. "Effects of Natural Habitat and Season on Cursorial Spider Assemblages in Mediterranean Vineyards". Insects 14, n. 10 (25 settembre 2023): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14100782.

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Natural habitats adjacent to vineyards are presumed to have a positive effect on the diversity of natural enemies within the vineyards. However, these habitats differ in vegetation structure and seasonal phenology and in turn could affect the species composition of natural enemies. Here, we compared the species richness and diversity and the composition of spider assemblages in several locations within three commercial vineyards and the nearby natural habitats in a Mediterranean landscape in northern Israel. We sampled spiders by means of pitfall traps in early and in late summer. Both the time in the season and the habitat (natural versus vineyard) affected spider species richness and diversity. More species were found in early summer (47) than in late summer (33), and more occurred in the natural habitat (34 species) than in the vineyards (27–31 species). Fifteen species were found exclusively in the natural habitat, and only 11 species were shared by the vineyards and natural habitat, four of which were the most abundant and geographically widely distributed species in the samples. In late summer, spider diversity in the natural habitat was higher than within the vineyards: the spider assemblages in the vineyards became dominated by a few species late in the crop season, while those of the natural habitat remained stable. Overall, the natural habitat differed in assemblage composition from all within-vineyard locations, while the three locations within the vineyard did not differ significantly in assemblage composition. Season (early vs. late summer), however, significantly affected the spider assemblage composition. This study documents the large diversity of spiders in a local Mediterranean vineyard agroecosystem. Over 60% of the known spider families in the region occurred in our samples, highlighting the importance of this agroecosystem for spider diversity and the potential for conservation biocontrol, where natural habitats may be a source of natural enemies for nearby vineyards.

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Petrovic, Mladen, Bojan Savic e Darko Jaksic. "Forecast of planting vineyards with local grapevine varieties in the republic of Serbia using the ARIMA models". Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, n. 146 (2024): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2446129p.

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Compared to the previous period, the vineyard area in the Republic of Serbia has decreased significantly. Although the planting of new vineyards is subsidized over a long period of time, not enough vineyards are planted to ensure self-sufficiency in domestic grapes, wine (wine products) and spirit drinks originating from grapes. This is especially case for vineyards with local grapevine varieties, which can be of great importance for the rural development and promotion. In this paper, utilized time series analysis, spe?cifically Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) modeling was used to predict the dynamics of newly planted vineyard areas with all grapevine varieties and local grapevine varieties based on data from the previous 20 years (period from 2003 to 2022). The aim is to forecast the trends of newly planted vineyard areas, both for all grapevine varieties and vineyards with local grapevine varieties, for the period from 2023 to 2027. A time series refers to a structured sequence of observations. The structuring is frequently done in terms of time intervals. Forecasting time series data, or determining future trends, is one of the most crucial goals of time series analysis. Based on such analysis, it is possible to forecast the expansion of vineyard areas for the upcoming period. ARIMA models helped to determine five-year trends in data on newly planted vineyard areas. The forecast made in this paper showed that vineyard area of all grapevine varieties would be planted at an an?nual range of about 230 and 300 hectares over the next five years. The forecast for future annual planting for the same period (2023-2027) of vineyards with local grapevine varieties is in the range of only about 10 to 60 hectares. The obtained ARIMA forecast results, espe?cially for the forecasts for planting vineyards with local grapevine varieties, show that it is necessary to pay special attention to this problem and to initiate numerous measures and activities in order to increase the area of vineyards with local grapevine varieties in the Republic of Serbia.

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Shaw, P. W., e D. R. Wallis. "The relationship between Epiphyas postvittana (lightbrown apple moth, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in pipfruit orchards and adjacent vineyards in Nelson". New Zealand Plant Protection 70 (31 luglio 2017): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2017.70.86.

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The lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) is the most abundant leafroller species infesting apple orchards and vineyards in the Nelson region. This study was undertaken to investigate concerns from some orchardists of leafroller pressure on their apple blocks adjacent to neighbouring vineyards. Lightbrown apple moth pheromone trap catches were recorded inside orchards and in neighbouring vineyards and in boundary rows of the orchards closest to a vineyard during 2012—13. The vineyards were not treated with insecticide and the orchards received ve applications of insecticide between November and mid- March to control lepidopteran pests. The highest catches of leafrollers were recorded in vineyards and catches increased during the season to peak in April. The increasing leafroller population in vineyards was associated with higher catches of leafrollers in boundary rows of the orchard closest to the vineyard. Leafroller catches inside the orchards were lower while insecticide sprays were being applied. The higher pheromone trap catches of leafrollers in the vineyards and on the orchard boundary were associated with the most leafroller sign that was found in these locations during timed searches. These results suggest that high populations of leafrollers in vineyards can increase leafroller pressure on nearby pipfruit orchards.

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Silva, Darliane Evangelho, Joseane Moreira Nascimento, Anderson De Azevedo Meira, Liana Johann, Luiz Liberato Costa Corrêa, Raúl Rodrigues e Noeli Juarez Ferla. "Phytoseiid mites under different vineyard managements in the subregions of Lima and Cávado of the Vinho Verde region in Portugal". Systematic and Applied Acarology 24, n. 5 (24 maggio 2019): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.5.13.

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Knowledge about phytoseiid species associated with vines is a preliminary step in the development and implementation of integrated management strategies against phytophagous mites such as Panonychus ulmi. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative survey of phytoseiids present in abandoned, organically managed, and conventionally managed vineyards, as well as to compare ecological indices in these production systems. Samplings were conducted between July and September 2017 in vineyards situated in the Subregions of Lima and Cávado, the Vinho Verde region. A total of 50 leaves/vineyard were collected from 12 vineyards, kept in containers at low temperature and taken to Escola Superior Agrária-Instituto Politécnico Viana do Castelo to be screened under a stereoscope microscope. A total of 3.153 phytoseiid mites were sampled, belonging to eight species distributed across the vineyards analyzed. The most common species were Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) pyri (45.7%), Kampimodromus aberrans (39%), and Phytoseius macropilis (8.7%). Higher richness occurred in abandoned vineyards, with seven species, and the most abundant were K. aberrans (46.5%) and T. (T.) pyri (28.9%). Only two predatory species were present (in similar proportions) in organically managed vineyards, T. (T.) pyri and K. aberrans, while T. (T.) pyri predominated in conventionally managed vineyards (93.8%). Kampimodromus aberrans, P. macropilis, and T. (T.) pyri were eudominant in abandoned vineyards while K. aberrans and T. (T.) pyri were eudominant in organic vineyards. Typhlodromus (T.) pyri was eudominant and T. (T.) exhilaratus was dominant in conventionally managed vineyards. Therefore, we might conclude that phytoseiid abundance significantly differs among vineyard management types, with higher ecological indices in abandoned vineyards, and lower indices in conventional managed vineyards in the northern region of Portugal.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Vineyards"

Shange, Philisiwe Lawrancia. "Nutritional status of geologically different vineyards in Helderberg". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2603.

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Thesis (MscAgric (Viticulture and Oenology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Little scientific information regarding the effect of different geological parent materials on grapevine performance is currently available in South Africa. This aspect is of special significance for the Helderberg area, where parent material may change from granite to shale over a short distance. This results in shale- as well as granite-derived soils often occurring within the same vineyard. The objectives of this study were to (i) quantify the nutritional status and other soil properties of different parent materials (shale and granite) and overlying soils (ii) investigate the impact of geological differences in the soil on the vine nutritional status and certain vine parameters. This study was done over two seasons (2006/2007 and 2007/2008). Two Sauvignon blanc and two Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard blocks were selected at two different localities for each cultivar in the Helderberg area, South Africa. Shale- and granitederived soils were identified within each block. Kaolinite was the dominant mineral, whereas quartz and feldspar were sub-dominant. Traces of mica were also present in some shale- and granite-derived soils. Granite- contained significantly higher contents of coarse sand than shale-derived soils, whilst the opposite occurred in terms of fine sand. These differences affected the water holding capacity, in general making it higher in shale- than granite-derived soils. Shale-derived soils had higher concentrations of total K but granite-derived soils had a higher ability to release K as they contained higher concentrations of soluble K. The Q/I parameters, potential buffering capacity of K (PBCK) and equilibrium activity ratio of K (ARK) showed no consistent responses to geological differences. Potassium concentrations were higher in the leaf blades (obtained before harvest in 2007) from Sauvignon blanc grapevines on granite- than on shale-derived soils. Potassium concentrations in the Cabernet Sauvignon juice (obtained in 2007) tended higher in juice from granite- than from shale-derived soils. In 2008, K concentrations tended higher in juice from shale- than from granite-derived soils for both cultivars. The pH of the Sauvignon blanc juice (obtained in 2008) tended higher in juice from shale-than from granite-derived soils, thus corresponding with the K concentrations in the juice in this season. Nitrogen concentrations were higher in Cabernet Sauvignon juice (obtained in 2007) and Sauvignon blanc juice (obtained in 2008) from shalethan from granite-derived soils. In terms of vine water status, vines on granite-derived soils appeared more stressed than those on shale-derived soils in both seasons at one of the vineyards. In these Sauvignon blanc and Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards, the K nutritional status was not affected by geology in a consistent manner but there were some noticeable tendencies for a specific cultivar during certain seasons. On account of vines being planted on shale- and granite-derived soils within the same block, soil preparation was done similarly for both soils, and they were exposed to similar irrigation schedules, canopy management strategies and climatic conditions. Therefore, there is a high probability that all these practices may have negated the effect of geology on the K status of soils and especially on juice K concentration at the time of harvest. It was clear that seasonal differences and fertilisation affected the nutritional status of the vines more than geology.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In Suid-Afrika is daar tans min wetenskaplike inligting oor die effek van verskillende geologiese moedermateriale op die prestasie van wingerd beskikbaar. Hierdie aspek is veral van belang in die Helderberg-area, waar moedermateriaal oor ‘n baie kort afstand van graniet na skalie kan wissel. Dit lei daartoe dat skalie-, sowel as granietgronde, dikwels binne dieselfde wingerd voorkom. Die doelwitte van die studie was om: (i) die voedingstatus en ander grondkundige eienskappe van die verskillende moedermateriale (skalie en graniet) en oorliggende gronde te kwantifiseer (ii) die impak van geologiese verskille in die grond op wingerd se voedingstatus en sekere wingerdkundige parameters, te ondersoek. Hierdie studie is oor twee seisoene (2006/2007 en 2007/2008) gedoen. Twee Sauvignon blanc en twee Cabernet Sauvignon wingerdblokke is geselekteer by twee verskillende lokaliteite vir elke kultivar in die Helderbergarea, Suid-Afrika. Beide skalie- en granietgrond is binne elke blok geïdentifiseer. Kaoliniet was die dominante mineraal, met kwarts en veldspaat sub-dominant, terwyl spore van mika ook in beide skalie- en granietgronde gevind is. Granietgronde het betekenisvol hoër hoeveelhede growwe sand bevat, terwyl skaliegronde meer fyn sand bevat het. Hierdie verskille het ‘n effek op waterhouvermoë gehad en daartoe gelei dat waterinhoude oor die algemeen hoër was vir skaliegronde. Skaliegronde het groter hoeveelhede totale K bevat, maar granietgronde se vermoë om K vry te stel was hoër, omdat hulle ‘n hoër konsentrasie oplosbare K bevat het. Die Q/I parameters, potensiële buffervermoë vir K (PBCK) en ewewig aktiwiteitsverhouding vir K (ARK), is nie op ‘n konsekwente wyse deur geologiese verskille beïnvloed nie. Vir die Sauvignon blanc wingerde was kalium konsentrasies in blaarskywe (gemonster voor oes in 2007) hoër vir graniet- as vir skaliegronde. Kalium konsentrasies in die sap vanaf Cabernet Sauvignon (gemonster in 2007) het hoër geneig vir granietgronde. In 2008 het die kalium konsentrasies, vir beide kultivars, hoër geneig in sap vanaf skaliegronde. Gedurende dié seisoen het die pH van sap ook hoër geneig vir Sauvignon blanc vanaf skaliegronde, wat dus ooreenstem met die K inhoud van die sap. Stikstof konsentrasies was hoër in sap vanaf skaliegronde vir Cabernet Sauvignon (2007) en vir Sauvignon blanc (2008). In terme van die wingerde se waterstatus, het stokke op die granietgrond, by een van die lokaliteite, geneig om gedurende beide seisoene onder groter stremming te wees op graniet as op skaliegrond. In hierdie Sauvignon blanc en Cabernet Sauvignon wingerde, is K voedingstatus nie op ‘n konsekwente wyse deur geologie geaffekteer nie, maar gedurende sommige seisoene was daar wel duidelike tendense vir ‘n spesifieke kultivar. Omdat die stokke binne dieselfde blok op skalie- en graniet gronde geplant is, was grondvoorbereiding eenders vir die twee grondtipes terwyl besproeiingskedule, lowerbestuur en klimaatstoestande ook identies was. Daar is dus ‘n hoë waarskynlikheid dat al hierdie faktore daartoe kon bygedra het dat die effek van geologie op die K status van van gronde versluier is, veral die effek op die K inhoud van sap teen oestyd. Dit was duidelik dat seisoenale klimaatsverskile en bemestingspraktyke ’n groter effek as geologie op die voedingstatus van die wingerd gehad het.

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Chong, Chee-Seng. "The distribution and ecology of ants in vineyards /". Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/5744.

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Webb, Leanne Beryl. "The impact of projected greenhouse gas-induced climate change on the Australian wine industry /". Connect to thesis, 2006. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00003030.

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Holshue, Kenneth F. "Evaluation of airborne herbicide movement to wine grape vineyards in the Walla Walla Valley of Washington State". Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2005/K%5FHolshue%5F121505.pdf.

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Rumbou, Artemis. "Genetic dissection of Plasmopara viticola epidemics in Greek vineyards /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=15391.

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Bickmore, Karen M. "The rise and fall of the Adelaide metropolitan vineyards /". Title page, contents and introduction only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arb583.pdf.

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Wallingford, Anna Kate. "Determining the threat of Pierce's disease to Virginia vineyards". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34123.

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Pierceâ s disease (PD) is a vascular disease of grapevines caused by Xylella fastidiosa (Wells et al.) (Xf) which is transmitted by xylophagous insect vectors. PD infection in Virginia vineyards was thought to be isolated to southeastern portions of the state as there have been no reports of vine loss in western Virginia and cold winter temperatures experienced there limit the effects of the bacterium from year to year. Upward trends in winter temperatures have raised PD concern in the mid-Atlantic. My risk assessment study found PD symptomatic vines beyond the modeled boundary for infection, confirmed Xf-positive with DAS-ELISA. Yellow sticky traps were used to survey Virginia vineyards throughout the 2006 and 2007 growing seasons to identify sharpshooter (Cicadellinae) species in six growing regions. Graphocephala versuta (Say) and Oncometopia orbona (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) were trapped in the greatest abundance and were both present in every region surveyed. This study uses geographical representation of climatological data to estimate risk for Pierce's disease.
Master of Science in Life Sciences

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Moss, James Russell. "Evaluation of Nitrogen Management Schemes in Cover Cropped Vineyards". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80510.

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Vineyards in the Eastern United States are often prone to excessive vegetative growth. In order to suppress excessive vine vigor, many viticulturists have employed cover cropping strategies. Cover crops provide a myriad of agronomic benefits, however they are known to compete with the vine for water and nutrients. Due to the widespread use of cover crops in Eastern vineyards, many vineyards experience nitrogen (N) deficiencies in both the vegetative vine tissue and yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) in the juice. Soil applications of calcium nitrate and foliar applications of urea were assessed as a means of vineyard N amelioration at cover cropped sites comprised of Petit Manseng and Sauvignon blanc (Vitis vinifera L.). Perennial White and Crimson clover cover crops and foliar urea applications were also used in a Vidal blanc (Vitis spp.) vineyard. Treatments were imposed in the Sauvignon blanc vineyard for five years. The Petit Manseng and Vidal blanc vineyards were subjected to treatments for two years. Soil-applied N at bloom was most effective at increasing leaf petiole N at véraison, season-long chlorophyll content index (CCI), vine capacity and fruit yield. Fruit yield was increased due to more berries per cluster and greater berry weights. Increased rates of soil-applied N decreased the fruit weight:pruning weight ratio. Foliar-applied N after fruit set was most effective at increasing berry YAN. While most of the measured amino acids in fruit increased in concentration with the application of either soil or foliar N, foliar applications were more effective at increasing fruit amino acids. Clover cover crops offered little to no benefit as a N source in the two-year period of evaluation. None of the N management schemes negatively impacted canopy density, fruit zone light interception, or botrytis bunch rot incidence. The combination of both a soil-applied and foliar-applied N fertilizer may be the most effective means to increase both vine capacity and YAN in vineyards where vineyard floor cover crops are compromising vine N status.
Master of Science

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Nugent, Elizabeth Fay. "Diversity of yeast poulations naturalised in Margaret River vineyards". Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2150.

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The fermentation of grape must by the action of microbial species naturalised within the vineyard and/or winery environment, rather than the use of monoculture inoculation, is practiced within some sections of the wine industry. From a technological perspective this represents a retrograde step, and is driven by actual or perceived consumer demands for culturally and ethically responsible food products, and unique products with optimal and diversified sensory complexity. The vineyard environment houses a complex microbiota, potentially including naturalised yeast genotypes. The aim of this thesis is to identify the diversity of the naturalised yeast population in Margaret River vineyards, targeting the Saccharomycotina sub-phylum. In addition, it aims to improve existing methods for their identification and characterisation, and discuss the potential oenological implications of these species, and their role in naturalised fermentation. A diverse microbiota of fungal species capable of fermentation was identified within grape-derived samples sourced from Margaret River vineyards. The potential for pleasant and complex (from a sensory perspective) wines to be produced by these species is highlighted.However, the limits of current knowledge indicate there is still future research to be conducted. The application of appropriate barcodes for the culture-independent amplification of fungal species capable of fermentation was elucidated, and reinforces the validity of a two-gene approach. In addition, the modification of an appropriate plating regime for the application of culture-dependent analyses can now reduce the risk of cultivation bias in qualitative mucosal colony isolation from grape samples. The aims of this thesis were addressed in full, and the application of naturalised fermentation utilising diverse yeast populations naturalised in Margaret River vineyards, evaluated.

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Sehsah, El-Sayed Mahmoud El-Beily. "Application techniques for biological crop protection in orchards and vineyards". Beuren Stuttgart Grauer, 2005. http://d-nb.info/98987236X/04.

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Libri sul tema "Vineyards"

Wente, Carolyn. The casual vineyard table: From Wente Vineyards. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press, 2003.

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Wente, Carolyn. The casual vineyard table: From Wente Vineyards. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press, 2003.

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Žnidaršič, Joco. Slovenian vineyards. [Ljubljana]: Mihelač, 1993.

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Wolfe, David. Visiting vineyards. London: International Wine & Food Society, 1996.

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Ensrud, Barbara. American vineyards. New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 1988.

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Ensrud, Barbara. American vineyards. New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 1988.

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Bostanian, Noubar J., Charles Vincent e Rufus Isaacs, a cura di. Arthropod Management in Vineyards:. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4032-7.

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Davidson, Di. The business of vineyards. Glen Osmond, S. Aust: Davidson Viticultural Consulting Services, 2001.

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Ponzi, Nancy. The Ponzi Vineyards cookbook. Portland, Or: Arnica Pub., 2010.

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Trefethen, Janet Spooner. Trefethen vineyards, 1968-1998. Berkeley, Calif: Regional Oral History Office, Bancroft Library, University of California, 1998.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Vineyards"

Baeza, Pilar, Patricia Sánchez-De-Miguel e José Ramón Lissarrague. "Radiation Balance in Vineyards". In Methodologies and Results in Grapevine Research, 21–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9283-0_2.

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Mukhopadhyay, Debajyoti, Archana Chougule e Sheetal Vij. "Building Vineyards Knowledge Base". In Decision Support System and Automated Negotiations, 25–45. New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003408253-4.

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Vincent, Charles, Rufus Isaacs, Noubar J. Bostanian e Jacques Lasnier. "Principles of Arthropod Pest Management in Vineyards". In Arthropod Management in Vineyards:, 1–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4032-7_1.

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Powell, Kevin S. "A Holistic Approach to Future Management of Grapevine Phylloxera". In Arthropod Management in Vineyards:, 219–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4032-7_10.

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Olivier, Chrystel, Charles Vincent, Julien Saguez, Brian Galka, Phyllis G. Weintraub e Michael Maixner. "Leafhoppers and Planthoppers: Their Bionomics, Pathogen Transmission and Management in Vineyards". In Arthropod Management in Vineyards:, 253–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4032-7_11.

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Daane, Kent M., Rodrigo P. P. Almeida, Vaughn A. Bell, James T. S. Walker, Marcos Botton, Majid Fallahzadeh, M. Mani et al. "Biology and Management of Mealybugs in Vineyards". In Arthropod Management in Vineyards:, 271–307. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4032-7_12.

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Bentley, Walter J., e Richard L. Coviello. "Leaf-Eating Lepidoptera in North American Vineyards". In Arthropod Management in Vineyards:, 309–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4032-7_13.

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Ioriatti, Claudio, Andrea Lucchi e Lucia G. Varela. "Grape Berry Moths in Western European Vineyards and Their Recent Movement into the New World". In Arthropod Management in Vineyards:, 339–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4032-7_14.

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Isaacs, Rufus, Luis A. F. Teixeira, Paul E. Jenkins, Natalia Botero Neerdaels, Greg M. Loeb e Michael C. Saunders. "Biology and Management of Grape Berry Moth in North American Vineyard Ecosystems". In Arthropod Management in Vineyards:, 361–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4032-7_15.

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Bergh, J. Christopher. "Grape Root Borer". In Arthropod Management in Vineyards:, 383–402. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4032-7_16.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Vineyards"

Grimm, Brian A., Brooke A. Lahneman, Peter B. Cathcart, Robert C. Elgin, Greg L. Meshnik e John P. Parmigiani. "Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System for Controlling Pest Bird Population in Vineyards". In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89528.

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Pest birds have long been a significant source of crop loss for grape growers, especially during the critical weeks leading up to harvest when grape sugar levels are high. In Oregon’s Willamette Valley, vineyards have seen a marked increase in crop loss in the last few years despite widespread use of intrusive gas cannons/shotguns and expensive netting systems. In order to deter this pest bird population, we have created an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) package capable of autonomous flight, which incorporates common pest bird scare tactics into this dynamic platform. The system has been designed to launch, complete its mission waypoints, and land completely under autonomous control. By using this autonomous guidance system, we are able to employ visual, auditory, and predator mimicry pest bird control techniques in such a way as to discourage habituation. While radio controlled UAVs have been used for bird control in airport settings for many years, these systems require a trained operator to constantly guide the aircraft. The autonomous UAV system was designed for operation by an existing vineyard employee with minimal training. To capture widely accepted pest bird control techniques and management culture of Willamette Valley vineyards and gain information for design, implementation, and industry acceptance of this UAV project, we surveyed the owners of 225 local vineyards. Survey results indicated that vineyard owners are open to implementing innovative pest bird control methods that do not affect the terroir of their vineyards and that could replace the use of netting, which they do not view favorably despite its being the most effective pest bird control method to date. Results also indicated that pest birds are most damaging to a vineyard’s perimeter and that many vineyards employ someone to patrol this perimeter with a shotgun loaded with cracker shells. The UAV system is able to traverse the airspace above this perimeter without interfering with neighboring homes or beneficial predators in the area. By using proven pest bird control methods in an autonomous UAV system, we designed a device that brings an innovative solution to vineyard owners.

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Mihut, Casiana, Adalbert Okros, Lucian Dumitru Nita, Vlad Dragoslav Mircov e Anisoara Duma-Copcea. "SOILS FROM TIROL AND MOLDOVA NOUA VINICULTURAL CENTRES". In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.50.

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Research presented in this study aimed to identify the soils from two vineyards, Tirol and Moldova Noua, and to determine the physical and chemical properties of the soils there. Most of the vine plantations in the southern part of the vineyard are on soils that provide very good conditions for growth and development, especially for red wine vines. Preluvosoil, aluviosoil, districambosoil, and lithosol predominate the plateau. Following the research and analyses carried out, the following conclusions can be drawn: total soil porosity had values between 50-55% in the Tyrol vineyard and between 50-66% in the Moldova Noua vineyard; pH of the soil in the Tyrol vineyard had values between 5.6-5.8 and between 4.5 and 8.3 in the Moldova Noua vineyard; humus content had values between 1.03-1.97, i.e., very small to medium values, in both vineyards; total nitrogen content was 0.119-0.231%, total phosphorus content was between 0.213-0.350%, and mobile phosphorus content was 4 mg/100 g soil. The soils in the Moldova Noua vineyard have a rich skeleton, especially those located in the middle of the slopes, where the percentage of the skeleton is between 18.1-26.8%. Thus, knowing the physical and chemical properties of the soils in the Tirol and Moldova Noua vineyards, it can be stated that the soils most suitable to be planted with vines are those in the Moldova Noua vineyard. This study is particularly important from the perspective of the necessary information obtained in the cultivation of vines and not only.

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Garic, Mlađan, Vera Vukosavljevic e Zoran Bosiočic. "AGROBIOLOŠKA SVOJSTVA SORTE SEMIJON U OPLENAČKOM VINOGORJU". In SAVETOVANJE o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.145g.

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The paper presents the results of the study of some agrobiological properties of the Semijon variety in the conditions of the Oplenac vineyards. The vineyard was built in 2014 and is in the phase of growing yield. The planting distance is 2.5 x1.0 m. During the examination period, favorable meteorological conditions prevailed for the growth and development of the Semion variety.The test results indicate that in the Oplenac vineyards there are favorable agroecological conditions for growing the Semijon variety and achieving the characteristic quality of grapes and wine.

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Némethová, Jana, e Filip Krajči. "Vinohradníctvo v Nitrianskom kraji". In XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-72.

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Viniculture in the Nitra Region has a long-term tradition and represents a certain benefit for the economic development of the region. More than 45% of the area of Slovakia’s vineyards is located in the Nitra Region. The region is characterized by the highest number of viniculture municipalities, which represents more than 37% of the total number of viniculture municipalities of Slovakia. The aim of the paper was based on selected indicators (vineyard area, grape production and the proportion of vineyard area from agricultural land) to analyse the viniculture in the Nitra Region. We used several methods in processing the observed issues, such as method of analysis, historical-geographical, comparative, statistical and mathematical method. We interpreted the obtained statistical data graphically and cartographically. The territory of the Nitra Region intervenes 3 viniculture region - Nitra (Nitrianska), South-Slovakian (Južnoslovenská) and Central-Slovakian (Stredoslovenská). More than 65% is occupied by the Nitra wine region. Out of the total number of 354 municipalities in the Nitra Region, there are 271 viniculture municipalities, which belong to 18 viniculture districts. In the observed period of 2008-2019, the total area of vineyards decreased by about 30%, the area of nascent vineyards by more than 20% and grape production by about 17%. The highest share of vineyards from agricultural land, more than 6%, is achieved by viniculture municipalities in the south of the Nitra Region, in the southern part of the Nové Zámky district and in the south-eastern part of the Komárno district.

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BĂLĂCEANU, Cristina, Ana-Maria DRĂGULINESCU, Sabina BOSOC, Oana ORZA e George SUCIU. "Monitoring the Vineyard Health Using Internet of Things Sensors in Smart Agriculture – a Technical Report". In Air and Water – Components of the Environment 2021 Conference Proceedings. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2021_12.

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In the last decade, massive implementation of detection devices that use the Internet of Things (IoT) has penetrated considerably in all areas, and the agricultural field is no exception. The article aims to provide an integrated vineyard management solution based on the Internet of Things technology in the Smart Viticulture domain. The monitored parameters for Smart Agriculture are the air temperature and humidity and soil and air humidity, which have a direct impact on grapes. The study region is at the viticulture station and the study period was from June to September in two the year 2019-2020. Vineyard perimeter includes the plantations located both on the right bank of the river Târnava Mare and on the river Târnava Mică, in a hilly area with kneaded relief, but very favorable for the culture of vines. The most common diseases of the vineyards are powdery mildew, downy mildew, and bunch rot. Moreover, the monitoring system aims to manage agricultural issues related to irrigations and analyze the measured parameters' effect, helping the farmers have healthy vineyards. Also, the paper addresses the need to achieve climate-adapted and more resilient farming, promoting better management tools based on objective data-driven decisions.

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Garić, Mlađan, Vera Vukosavljević e Zoran Bosiočić. "PRINOS I KVALITET GROŽĐA SORTE KABERNE SOVINJON U OPLENAČKOM VINOGORJU". In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.173g.

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The variety of Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the most famous varieties for the production of high quality black wines. It is originally from France from the Bordeaux Vineyard. In the agro ecologically conditions of the Oplenac vineyards, varietyCabernet Sauvignonwas raised in 2014 and is located in the stage of growing birth. The collection space is 2.5x1.0m. During period of testing, meteorological conditions for the growth and developmentfor variety have been favorableand alsoshowed high and stablefertilityand excellent quality of grape and wine.

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Sams, B., R. Bramley, V. Pagay, L. Sanchez, C. Ford e N. Dokoozlian. "Can mapping of within-vineyard variability be facilitated using data from multiple vineyards?" In 12th European Conference on Precision Agriculture. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-888-9_92.

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Burrell, Jenna, Tim Brooke e Richard Beckwith. "Extending ubiquitous computing to vineyards". In CHI '03 extended abstracts. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/765891.766013.

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Groumpos, Peter P., e Vasilios P. Groumpos. "Modeling vineyards using fuzzy cognitive maps". In 2016 24th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/med.2016.7536031.

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Renehan, Allison, Bryan Rombach, Anna Haikl, Corey Nolan, William Lupton, Eric Timmons e Reid Bailey. "Low Power Wireless Networks in Vineyards". In 2020 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sieds49339.2020.9106693.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Vineyards"

Heitman, Joshua L., Alon Ben-Gal, Thomas J. Sauer, Nurit Agam e John Havlin. Separating Components of Evapotranspiration to Improve Efficiency in Vineyard Water Management. United States Department of Agriculture, marzo 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594386.bard.

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Vineyards are found on six of seven continents, producing a crop of high economic value with much historic and cultural significance. Because of the wide range of conditions under which grapes are grown, management approaches are highly varied and must be adapted to local climatic constraints. Research has been conducted in the traditionally prominent grape growing regions of Europe, Australia, and the western USA, but far less information is available to guide production under more extreme growing conditions. The overarching goal of this project was to improve understanding of vineyard water management related to the critical inter-row zone. Experiments were conducted in moist temperate (North Carolina, USA) and arid (Negev, Israel) regions in order to address inter-row water use under high and low water availability conditions. Specific objectives were to: i) calibrate and verify a modeling technique to identify components of evapotranspiration (ET) in temperate and semiarid vineyard systems, ii) evaluate and refine strategies for excess water removal in vineyards for moist temperate regions of the Southeastern USA, and iii) evaluate and refine strategies for water conservation in vineyards for semi-arid regions of Israel. Several new measurement and modeling techniques were adapted and assessed in order to partition ET between favorable transpiration by the grapes and potentially detrimental water use within the vineyard inter-row. A micro Bowen ratio measurement system was developed to quantify ET from inter-rows. The approach was successful at the NC site, providing strong correlation with standard measurement approaches and adding capability for continuous, non-destructive measurement within a relatively small footprint. The environmental conditions in the Negev site were found to limit the applicability of the technique. Technical issues are yet to be solved to make this technique sufficiently robust. The HYDRUS 2D/3D modeling package was also adapted using data obtained in a series of intense field campaigns at the Negev site. The adapted model was able to account for spatial variation in surface boundary conditions, created by diurnal canopy shading, in order to accurately calculate the contribution of interrow evaporation (E) as a component of system ET. Experiments evaluated common practices in the southeastern USA: inter-row cover crops purported to reduce water availability and thereby favorably reduce grapevine vegetative growth; and southern Israel: drip irrigation applied to produce a high value crop with maximum water use efficiency. Results from the NC site indicated that water use by the cover crop contributed a significant portion of vineyard ET (up to 93% in May), but that with ample rainfall typical to the region, cover crop water use did little to limit water availability for the grape vines. A potential consequence, however, was elevated below canopy humidity owing to the increased inter-row evapotranspiration associated with the cover crops. This creates increased potential for fungal disease occurrence, which is a common problem in the region. Analysis from the Negev site reveals that, on average, E accounts for about10% of the total vineyard ET in an isolated dripirrigated vineyard. The proportion of ET contributed by E increased from May until just before harvest in July, which could be explained primarily by changes in weather conditions. While non-productive water loss as E is relatively small, experiments indicate that further improvements in irrigation efficiency may be possible by considering diurnal shading effects on below canopy potential ET. Overall, research provided both scientific and practical outcomes including new measurement and modeling techniques, and new insights for humid and arid vineyard systems. Research techniques developed through the project will be useful for other agricultural systems, and the successful synergistic cooperation amongst the research team offers opportunity for future collaboration.

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Pfeiffer, Douglas G., Eric R. Day, Theresa Dellinger, Andy Dechaine e Mark Sutphin. Spotted Lanternfly in Virginia Vineyards: Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae). Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Cooperative Extension, agosto 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/ento-323np.

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Miller, James E. Wild Turkeys. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, gennaio 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7208751.ws.

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Like other bird and mammal species whose populations have been restored through conservation efforts, wild turkeys are treasured by many recreationists and outdoor enthusiasts. Wild turkeys have responded positively to wildlife habitat and population management. In some areas, however, their increased populations have led to increased damage to property and agricultural crops, and threats to human health and safety. Turkeys frequent agricultural fields, pastures, vineyards and orchards, as well as some urban and suburban neighborhoods. Because of this, they may cause damage or mistakenly be blamed for damage. Research has found that despite increases in turkey numbers and complaints, damage is often caused by other mammalian or bird species, not turkeys. In the instances where turkeys did cause damage, it was to specialty crops, vineyards, orchards, hay bales or silage pits during the winter. In cultured crops or gardens where wood chips, pine straw or other bedding materials (mulch) are placed around plants, wild turkeys sometimes scratch or dig up the material and damage plants when searching for food. Wild turkeys are a valuable game species, treasured by recreational hunters and wildlife enthusiasts.

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Dilley, Craig A., e Gail R. Nonnecke. Effect of Living or Straw Mulch on Weed Management and Soil Quality in Grape Vineyards. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1264.

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Dilley, Craig A., e Gail R. Nonnecke. Effect of Living or Straw Mulch on Weed Management and Soil Quality in Grape Vineyards. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2412.

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Mawassi, Munir, Adib Rowhani, Deborah A. Golino, Avichai Perl e Edna Tanne. Rugose Wood Disease of Grapevine, Etiology and Virus Resistance in Transgenic Vines. United States Department of Agriculture, novembre 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586477.bard.

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Rugose wood is a complex disease of grapevines, which occurs in all growing areas. The disease is spread in the field by vector transmission (mealybugs). At least five elongated-phloem- limited viruses are implicated in the various rugose wood disorders. The most fully characterized of these are Grapevine virus A (GV A) and GVB, members of a newly established genus, the vitivirus. GVC, a putative vitivirus, is much less well characterized than GV A or GVB. The information regarding the role of GVC in the etiology and epidemiology of rugose wood is fragmentary and no sequence data for GVC are available. The proposed research is aimed to study the etiology and epidemiology of rugose wood disease, and to construct genetically engineered virus-resistant grapevines. The objectives of our proposed research were to construct transgenic plants with coat protein gene sequences designed to induce post-transcriptional gene silencing (pTGS); to study the epidemiology and etiology of rugose wood disease by cloning and sequencing of GVC; and surveying of rugose wood- associated viruses in Californian and Israeli vineyards. In an attempt to experimentally define the role of the various genes of GV A, we utilized the infectious clone, inserted mutations in every ORF, and studied the effect on viral replication, gene expression, symptoms and viral movement. We explored the production of viral RNAs in a GV A-infected Nicotiana benthamiana herbaceous host, and characterized one nested set of three 5'-terminal sgRNAs of 5.1, 5.5 and 6.0 kb, and another, of three 3'-terminal sgRNAs of 2.2, 1.8 and 1.0 kb that could serve for expression of ORFs 2-3, respectively. Several GV A constructs have been assembled into pCAMBIA 230 I, a binary vector which is used for Angrobacterium mediated transformation: GV A CP gene; two copies of the GV A CP gene arranged in the same antisense orientation; two copies of the GV A CP gene in which the downstream copy is in an antigens orientation; GV A replicase gene; GV A replicase gene plus the 3' UTR sequence; and the full genome of GV A. Experiments for transformation of N. benthamiana and grapevine cell suspension with these constructs have been initiated. Transgenic N. benthamiana plants that contained the CP gene, the replicase gene and the entire genome of GV A were obtained. For grapevine transformation, we have developed efficient protocols for transformation and successfully grapevine plantlets that contained the CP gene and the replicase genes of GV A were obtained. These plants are still under examination for expression of the trans genes. The construction of transgenic plants with GV A sequences will provide, in the long run, a means to control one of the most prevalent viruses associated with grapevines. Our many attempts to produce a cDNA library from the genome of GVC failed. For surveying of rugose wood associated viruses in California vineyards, samples were collected from different grape growing areas and tested by RT-PCR for GV A, GVB and GVD. The results indicated that some of the samples were infected with multiple viruses, but overall, we found higher incidence of GVB and GV A infection in California vineyards and new introduction varieties, respectively. In this research we also conducted studies to increase our understanding of virus - induced rootstock decline and its importance in vineyard productivity. Our results provided supporting evidence that the rootstock response to virus infection depends on the rootstock genotype and the virus type. In general, rootstocks are differ widely in virus susceptibility. Our data indicated that a virus type or its combination with other viruses was responsible in virus-induced rootstock decline. As the results showed, the growth of the rootstocks were severely affected when the combination of more than one virus was present.

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Arts, G. H. P., S. M. Hennekens, P. J. F. M. Verweij e M. van Eupen. Predicting Plant Communities in the vicinity of agricultural fields/vineyards in Europe to inform non-target terrestrial plant risk assessment. Wageningen: Wageningen Environmental Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/549894.

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Ashenfelter, Orley, e Karl Storchmann. Using a Hedonic Model of Solar Radiation to Assess the Economic Effect of Climate Change: The Case of Mosel Valley Vineyards. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, luglio 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12380.

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Evans, Robert L. An EM Survey Around the Martha's Vineyard Observatory. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, novembre 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada418420.

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Evans, Rob L. An EM Survey Around the Martha's Vineyard Observatory. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, settembre 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626772.

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