Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Vine resistance"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Vine resistance"
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Lewthwaite, S. L., e P. J. Wright. "SWEETPOTATO VINE RESISTANCE TO SCLEROTINIA ROT". Acta Horticulturae, n. 670 (aprile 2005): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2005.670.6.
Testo completo
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Omotayo, Temitayo O., Abiodun O. Claudius-Cole e Antonio Lopez-Montez. "Vine Cuttings Technique for Evaluating the Reaction of Dioscorea rotundata Varieties to Root-Knot Nematodes". Journal of Agricultural Science 10, n. 9 (13 agosto 2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n9p76.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) contribute to low productivity and post harvest losses of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata). This study evaluated yam cultivars for resistance to Meloidogyne spp. using plants generated from single node vine cuttings. Forty accessions of D. rotundata were selected for the study and laid out in a randomized complete block design with 10 plants per replicate, three replicates and two treatments (Meloidogyne-inoculated and uninoculated). Vines were planted in vertically hanging bags and inoculated four weeks after with 500 eggs of Meloidogyne spp. Plants were harvested sixteen weeks after inoculation and data were collected on weight of tubers, nematode populations in tubers and soil, and nematode damage to tubers. Vine survival was up to 60%, although inoculated vines had lower rates of survival. All the surviving vines produced tubers of various sizes which differed between the control inoculated tubers. Based on galling index (damage) and reproductive factor, five accessions were designated as resistant with the remaining accessions being susceptible. The use of vine-cuttings was found to be effective for screening yam varieties for resistance to Meloidogyne spp.
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Picó, B., A. Fita, R. Dias, C. Roig, A. Iglesias e F. Nuez. "ADVANCES IN BREEDING MELONS FOR RESISTANCE TO VINE DECLINE". Acta Horticulturae, n. 731 (gennaio 2007): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2007.731.3.
Testo completo
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Jordan, Lindsay M., Thomas Björkman e Justine E. Vanden Heuvel. "Annual Under-vine Cover Crops Did Not Impact Vine Growth or Fruit Composition of Mature Cool-climate ‘Riesling’ Grapevines". HortTechnology 26, n. 1 (febbraio 2016): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.26.1.36.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the cool and humid climate of the northeastern United States, vegetation is typically maintained between the rows of wine grape (Vitis vinifera) vineyards, but the area directly beneath vines is conventionally kept bare using herbicides or cultivation, to reduce competition for water and nutrients. Yet with rising concerns of herbicide resistance, environmental contamination, and soil erosion, alternatives to maintaining bare ground in vineyards should be considered. In warmer and more arid climates, using cover crops as an alternative to bare soil has sometimes resulted in reduced vine growth and yields. In more cool and humid climates, like in the northeastern United States, where conditions can promote excessive vine growth, replacing bare soil with under-vine cover crops was hypothesized to improve vine growth characteristics and fruit quality from reducing excessive vigor. This study compared three annual under-vine cover crops of resident vegetation (RES), buckwheat (BW) (Fagopyrum esculentum), and annual ryegrass (ARG) (Lolium multiflorum), planted in the 1-m-wide strip directly under vines at the start of each growing season, against the conventional weed-free under-vine row maintained with glyphosate. The experiment was established in 2011 and repeated in 2012 and 2013 in a 20-year-old block of ‘Riesling’ wine grapes (clone 198 on S04 rootstock) in a commercial vineyard in the Finger Lakes region of New York State. Harvested grapes were fermented in duplicate using standard white wine procedures. Among the four under-vine treatments, no significant differences were found in measures of vegetative growth, yield, petiole nutrient concentrations at veraison, or predawn and midday stem water potentials. Under-vine treatments were not found to significantly affect soil organic matter, aggregate stability, and nutrient concentrations. Juice characteristics were also not significantly different among treatments. In this study, the mature vines in this rain-fed ‘Riesling’ vineyard likely had a well-developed and extensive rooting system that was able to overcome any competition effects for water or nutrients from the comparatively shallow root systems of the annually established cover crops. Without any induced competition in the conditions of this study, under-vine cover crops had no effects on vine growth, yield, or juice characteristics when compared with conventional herbicide use in the under-vine row. When multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis was used to determine differences in aroma among wine treatment replicates, treatments were found to significantly impact the perceived aromatic properties of the wines, even though no measures of growth or juice characteristics were affected. Using under-vine vegetation may be a viable alternative to conventional herbicide use for vineyard floor management in mature wine grape vineyards in cool and humid climates.
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Claudius-Cole, Abiodun O., Temitayo O. Omotayo e Antonio Lopez Montes. "Nodal vine cutting technique for assessing nematode resistance in yams". Tropical Plant Pathology 45, n. 1 (febbraio 2020): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40858-019-00325-9.
Testo completo
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Yobrégat, Olivier. "Introduction to resistant vine types : a brief history and overview of the situation". OENO One 52, n. 3 (25 settembre 2018): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2018.52.3.2220.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Today’s breeding efforts applied to grapevines are mainly focused on the use of resistance to bio-aggressors, after beingmotivated, often unconsciously, for millennia by quantitative and qualitative concerns, and adaptations to environmentalconditions. Thanks to advances in genomic knowledge and use of molecular markers, it is now possible to envisage more andmore solutions against different pathogens (fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects), and in the near future, to ensure the durability ofthese resistances while combining them with resistance factors to abiotic stresses (drought, cold hardiness, soil conditions, etc.).This brief review presents the history and current situation of resistant vine types.
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Ferrandez-Villena, Manuel, Clara Eugenia Ferrandez-Garcia, Teresa Garcia-Ortuño, Antonio Ferrandez-Garcia e Maria Teresa Ferrandez-Garcia. "Analysis of the Thermal Insulation and Fire-Resistance Capacity of Particleboards Made from Vine (Vitis vinifera L.) Prunings". Polymers 12, n. 5 (17 maggio 2020): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051147.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In Europe, vine (Vitis vinifera L.) prunings are one of the most abundant types of agricultural waste. It is, therefore, essential to organize the removal of vine waste from the fields in order to prevent the spread of fires, pests, or diseases. Using plant biomass in buildings will help achieve greater energy efficiency and cause less environmental pollution. The objectives of this work were to minimize burning of agricultural waste, reduce the use of natural wood, and obtain a product by using vine pruning waste to manufacture particleboards, assessing their use as an insulating material and their fire-resistance qualities. Eight types of boards were manufactured with vine prunings (two particle sizes, two times, and two pressures), using 9% by weight of urea-formaldehyde as a bonding resin. Experimental tests were conducted to determine the physical, mechanical, thermal, and fire-resistance properties. In general, the panels manufactured performed well as a thermal insulating material with a conductivity between 0.0642 and 0.0676 W/m·K and a classification of Bd0 according to the European standards on fire resistance; some of them may be used to manufacture furniture, interior décor, and load-bearing panels in dry conditions.
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de C.S. Dias, Rita, Belén Picó, Javier Herraiz, Amparo Espinós e Fernando Nuez. "Modifying Root Structure of Cultivated Muskmelon to Improve Vine Decline Resistance". HortScience 37, n. 7 (dicembre 2002): 1092–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.7.1092.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Vine decline is limiting muskmelon production in many growing areas. Monosporascus cannonballus Pollack and Uecker and Acremonium cucurbitacearum Alfaro-García, W. Gams, and J. García-Jiménez are the main causal agents of this disease in Spain. The wild accession Pat81 (Cucumis melo subsp. agrestis Jeffrey) has shown to be highly resistant in naturally infested fields and after artificial inoculations. In three greenhouse experiments conducted over two seasons, the root structure of Pat81 was examined and compared to the highly susceptible commercial cultivar Amarillo Canario (AC). Pat81 produced a more vigorous, branched, and longer root system, conferring to this accession a higher capacity for the uptake of water and nutrients, even after inoculation using naturally infested soil. To determine the plasticity of the root systems, the effect of five different soil substrates on root growth was assayed. The root morphology was highly influenced by the soil substrate. Differences between genotypes appeared at 10 weeks after transplanting using sand as soil substrate. An organic substrate made up of well-decomposed peat and sand minimized the genotype × substrate interactions, and facilitated root analysis. This substrate allowed bringing the sampling date forward to flowering (at 7 weeks after transplanting). The maximum root length, the number and size of lateral roots (diameter 0.5-1 mm) and branching order, consistently differed between the two genotypes in most of the assayed substrates. These easily measurable root traits can be used as selection criteria in healthy soils to breed a larger root system more tolerant to stress. In addition, in inoculated soils the greater root absorbent area and the reduced lesion intensity of Pat81 could have applications to increase vine decline resistance of cultivated melons. By using segregant populations derived from the cross AC × Pat81, we are trying to modify the root structure of muskmelon in order to offer a genetic alternative to the expensive strategy of grafting muskmelon varieties onto rootstocks resistant to soil stresses.
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Wolff, David W., Daniel I. Leskovar, Mark C. Black e Marvin E. Miller. "Differential Fruit Load in Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Affects Shoot and Root Growth, and Vine Decline Symptoms". HortScience 32, n. 3 (giugno 1997): 526B—526. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.526b.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The effect of zero, one, and two fruits per vine on plant growth and reaction to Monosporascus root rot/vine decline were investigated. In the first study, four cultivars with differing levels of tolerance were evaluated (`Primo', `Deltex', `Caravelle', `Magnum 45'). Vine decline ratings were taken weekly during the harvest period for 4 weeks. Treatments with no fruit showed delayed and less-severe vine decline symptoms. Temperature also effected vine decline symptom expression. In a Fall test, with lower temperatures during fruit maturity, symptoms were delayed in all treatments and often absent in treatments with no fruit load. Vine decline symptom expression is greatly effected by physiological (fruit load) and temperature stress. A subsequent study was conducted to more precisely quantify the effect of various fruit loads on shoot/root partitioning and vine decline symptoms. In addition to growth parameters root disease ratings were taken. `Caravelle', the most-susceptible genotype, was grown under differing fruit loads as mentioned above in Weslaco and Uvalde, Texas. As fruit load increased, root size decreased. Increased vine decline symptoms were observed under higher fruit loads. The implications on germplasm screening and breeding for resistance will be discussed.
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Edwards, M. "Effect of type of rootstock on yields of Carina grapevines (Vitis vinifera) and levels of citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb)". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, n. 2 (1988): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880283.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Carina grapevines grafted to the rootstocks Ramsey, Harmony, Schwarzmann, K51-32, 5BB Kober, or Richter 110 were compared with their own roots for resistance or tolerance to the citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb). Ramsey was the only rootstock of those studied which was considered resistant to the citrus nematode in the field situation. Low numbers of citrus nematode were found on or near the roots (<254 larvae/500 g soil). Ramsey can also be considered to be tolerant to the citrus nematode as Carina vines on Ramsey rootstock had the highest yield over a 3-year period (30.7-38.8 kg fresh fruit/vine). While Harmony was not resistant, having large numbers of citrus nematodes on and about the roots (947-4919 larva/500 g soil), Carina vines on Harmony yielded well in this trial (25.0-28.3 kg fresh fruit/vine), suggesting tolerance to the citrus nematode. All other rootstocks and own rooted vines maintained similar levels of citrus nematodes. However, grafted vines produced higher yields than vines on own roots. This could be due to tolerance to the citrus nematode, or to rootstocks inferring greater root density or inherent vigour than own rooted Carina grapevines. Thus, in field situations, where citrus nematodes are known to be high, Ramsey rootstock gives the best yield and, because of its resistance to the citrus nematode, also reduces the level of this nematode in the soil. K51-32,5BB Kober, Schwarzmann, and Richter 110 would all perform satisfactorily under citrus nematode pressure but would not control the nematode levels in the soil. Harmony would be the least favourable rootstock in a citrus nematode infested vineyard as it increases citrus nematode populations.
Tesi sul tema "Vine resistance"
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Ferebee, James Harrison IV. "New Herbicide Strategies for Weed Management in Pumpkin and Soybean and Potato Vine Desiccation". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86611.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Weed control and desiccation are routinely executed with herbicides. Potato vine desiccation facilitates harvest, improves skin set, and regulates tuber size. Saflufenacil, glufosinate, saflufenacil plus glufosinate, and carfentrazone plus glufosinate were compared to diquat applied at 43, 31, and 17% B potatoes; similar vine desiccation (14 days after treatment), skin set, and yield were noted amongst treatments. Residual herbicides are routinely used for weed control in pumpkin. Fluridone and acetochlor formulations applied preemergence were evaluated in direct-seeded pumpkin compared to other labeled herbicides. Fluridone resulted in total crop loss following heavy rainfall immediately after planting; less rainfall resulted in transient injury. Acetochlor formulations resulted in significant pumpkin injury (34 to 39%) 14 days after planting. S-metolachlor controlled weeds similar to acetochlor without significant injury. Palmer amaranth has developed resistance to six different herbicide modes of action. The weed grows rapidly and is best controlled <10 cm in height. To control glyphosate and ALS- resistant biotypes, fomesafen plus dicamba were applied at first postemergence (POST) to small Palmer amaranth (<5 cm, 0 d) and at simulated delays of 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. All plots received lactofen plus dicamba 14 days after first POST. Palmer amaranth control 14 days after first POST was 100% when delayed 0 or 7 d and 62% at the 28 day delay; control increased to 88% following lactofen plus dicamba applied second POST. Yield was significantly reduced when first POST was delayed 28 days at one location.Master of Science in Life Sciences
Herbicides effectively control weeds by either applying them to the soil prior to emergence or applying them to foliage. Herbicides are used for desiccation of potato vines to facilitate harvest, improve skin set, and regulate tuber size. Potatoes with tougher skin have a longer shelf life and are more resistant to disease. Potato grade classifications include size chef, A, and B potatoes. Size B potatoes hold the greatest value for redskinned potatoes. Experiments were conducted in Virginia to evaluate saflufenacil, glufosinate, saflufenacil plus glufosinate, and carfentrazone plus glufosinate as desiccants compared to diquat applied at 43, 31, and 17% B potatoes. All desiccants resulted in similar vine desiccation 14 days after treatment, skin set, and yield. This research demonstrates that glufosinate and saflufenacil are effective alternatives to diquat for potato vine desiccation; however, further research is needed to evaluate the safety of saflufenacil applied to potatoes prior to harvest. Soil applied herbicides are commonly used in pumpkin production. Fluridone and two acetochlor formulations, herbicides that effectively control troublesome weeds in other crops, were evaluated for pumpkin production in addition to fomesafen, ethalfluralin, clomazone, halosulfuron, and S-metolachlor. Fluridone and acetochlor formulations resulted in significant pumpkin injury early in the growing season and total crop loss was observed by fluridone in 2018. Fomesafen significantly reduced pumpkin iv stand and yield. S-metolachlor, a member of the same chemical family as acetochlor, provided similar weed control without significant pumpkin injury. This research demonstrates that fluridone and acetochlor formulations are poor candidates for pumpkin production. Palmer amaranth is a troublesome weed in soybean that grows rapidly and is resistant to many herbicides. Palmer amaranth is best controlled at a height of 10 cm or less, but timely applications are not always feasible. Fomesafen plus dicamba were applied to small Palmer amaranth (<5 cm, 0 day) and at simulated delays of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. All treatments received lactofen plus dicamba 14 days after the initial postemergence. Palmer amaranth control 14 days after first postemergence was 100% when application was delayed 0 or 7 day whereas Palmer amaranth control was 62% when first postemergence was delayed 28 days. Lactofen plus dicamba applied second postemergence increased control to 88% when the first postemergence was delayed 28 days. Compared to nontreated plots, Palmer amaranth biomass was reduced 99% by all treatments. This research demonstrates that fomesafen plus dicamba followed by lacofen plus dicamba can be effective for rescue control of Palmer amaranth.
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De, Wet Owen. "Susceptibility of five strains of vine mealybugs, Planococcus ficus (Signoret), to chlorpyrifos". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/70289.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Colonies of Planococcus ficus (Signoret) were reared from three different areas, Hex River Valley, Robertson and Stellenbosch. An insectary colony and a table grape colony from Nietvoorbij experimental farm were also included in the study. A range of concentrations of chlorpyrifos was applied topically to individuals from the different colonies. The Stellenbosch population had the lowest LDso, although it was not significantly different from that of the insectary and Robertson colonies. The Hex River Valley and table grape colonies had a significantly higher LDso than the Robertson, Stellenbosch and insectary colonies, although the relative tolerance was 1.5, which would probably not result in significant control failure in the field. However, this does indicate that there is potential for the development of resistance to chlorpyrifos in the vine mealybug in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kolonies van Planococcus ficus (Signoret), is versamel en geteel uit drie verskillende areas, Hex.riviervallei, Robertson en Stellenbosch. 'n Bestaande insektarium kolonie van die Lanbou Navorsings Raad en 'n tafeldruif kolonie vanaf Nietvoorbij proefplaas is ook ingesluit in die studie. 'n Reeks konsentrasies van chlorpyrifos is topikaal aangewend aan individue van die verskillende kolonies. Die Stellenbosch populasie het die laagste LDso getoon alhoewel dit nie betekenisvol verskil het van die LDso van die insektarium - en Robertson kolonies nie. Die Hexriviervallei en tafeldruif kolonies se LDso was betekenisvol hoër as die Robertson, Stellenbosch and insektarium kolonies. Alhoewel die relatiewe weerstand 1.5 was, sal dit waarskynlik nie tot 'n aansienlike beheermislukking in die veld lei nie. Nogtans dui dit op die potensiaal vir moontlike ontwikkeling van weerstand teen chlorpyrifos in die wingerdwitluis.
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Alcantara, Tito Plata 1963. "Monosporascus cannonballus-melon pathosystem: Mechanism of vine decline, phenotypic characterization and mycelial incompatibility, and ascospore germination and sources of resistance". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288914.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Monosporascus cannonballus Pollack & Uecker, a soilborne root-infecting ascomycete, an economically important pathogen of melons (Cucumis melo L.) and watermelons (Citrullus lanatus L.). The fungus causes root rot and/or vine decline in different geographical areas worldwide. Little is known about the biology of this fungus and the mechanism by which the pathogen induces wilting of infected plants. This dissertation focuses on the biology, epidemiology, and etiology, as well as management strategies of both the pathogen and the disease. Microscopic examination of the xylem vessels of wilted plants revealed heavy occlusion by tyloses. Measurement of hydraulic conductivity indicated a 20-fold reduction in flow rate of plugged vessels, suggesting that tyloses contribute to the rapidity of vine decline in infected plants. The onset of symptoms coincide with high soil temperatures (25°C and above) and although vine decline occurs late in the growing season (i.e. generally two weeks before harvest), plants could be infected as early as nine days after planting. This dissertation also reports for the first time the existence of strains of M. cannonballus. Phenotypic differences such as cultural characteristics and growth rate were observed among the isolates and results indicate that genetically isolated strains, based on mycelial incompatibility, exist within M. cannonballus. Furthermore, local field populations of M. cannonballus can be heterogenous according to the number of mycelial compatibility groups identified. Ascospores of M. cannonballus germinate only in the rhizosphere/rhizoplane of melon and watermelon hosts in five soil. This result suggests a very limited host range of ascospore germination of M. cannonballus. Finally, field tolerance against M. cannonballus exists among cantaloupe cultivars and breeding lines. This will facilitate breeding for resistance within the cantaloupe type of melon. The knowledge derived from these studies contribute to our understanding of the biology and epidemiology of M. cannonballus and will serve as the basis for control or management of vine decline in the future.
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Benard-Gellon, Mélanie. "Etude de l'embryogenèse somatique et transformation génétique de différentes variétés de porte-greffes de vigne en vue d'induire la résistance au Grapevine Fanleaf Virus". Thesis, Mulhouse, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MULH7332.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dans cette étude, nous avons dans un premier temps adapte le protocole d'embryogenèse somatique primaire a différentes variétés d'hybrides porte-greffes (3309C, 110R, Fercal, 41B et SO4) en nous appuyant sur l'expérience acquise au laboratoire sur Vitis vinifera cv Chardonnay. Les résultats montrent que le génotype, le type d'explant (étamine, fleur ou nœud), le type et la dose d'auxine utilisés dans le milieu d’induction (2,4-D ou 2,4,5-T) ont une influence sur les efficacités d'embryogenèse somatique. En effet, pour le 3309C, l'utilisation du 2,4,5-T dans le milieu d'induction a montré une efficacité embryogène supérieure à partir de nœuds par rapport à celle obtenue à partir d'étamines. Cependant la meilleure efficacité a été obtenue à partir de fleurs de cette variété, sur un milieu d'induction contenant du 2,4-D. De plus, le protocole d'embryogenèse somatique secondaire utilise de manière récurrente au laboratoire nous a permis d'obtenir des masses embryogènes ainsi que des embryons somatiques secondaires de ces porte-greffes. Le protocole de conversion des embryons en plantes, en présence de 4,5 uM de cytokinine (BAP) s'est avère efficace pour le 11OR et le 41B. Dans un second temps, nous avons co-cultivé le matériel embryogène obtenu pour quatre de ces génotypes (110R, 3309C, Fercal et 41B), avec Agrobacterium tumefaciens contenant trois constructions génétiques : (i) une copie d'une séquence partielle (1020 pb) du gène de la coque protéique du virus en orientation sens; (ii) une partie courte en sens et en anti-sens (280 pb) de cette même séquence formant une structure en épingle a cheveux (hpRNA = hairpin RNA) ; (iii) un amiRNA ciblant une séquence virale. Le gène bactérien codant la néomycine phosphotransférase et conférant la résistance à un antibiotique, la kanamycine, a été utilisé comme gène de sélection. Les conditions de sélection a la kanamycine ont nécessité des adaptations expérimentales telles que l’ajustement de la concentration en antibiotique puisque la sélection avec 75 mg.L-1 de kanamycine s'avère insuffisamment drastique dans Ia plupart de nos expériences de co-cullture. Les résultats d'analyse moléculaire par PCR ont montré l'amplification probable des fragments d'intérêt (CPGFLV et amiRI1TA-71) dans des échantillons de 11OR et de 41B résistants à la kanamycine. Cependant des analyses moléculaires supplémentaires par AL-PCR ne nous ont pas renseignées sur une éventuelle intégration du transgène amiRATA-71 dans des masses embryogènes de 41BIn this study, we initially adapted the protocol of primary somatic embryogenesis in different varieties of hybrid rootstocks (3309C, 110R, Fercal, 41B and SO4) building on the experience gained in the laboratory on Vitis vinifera cv Chardonnay. The results show that the genotype, the explant type (stamen, flower or node), the type and the dose of auxin used in the induction medium (2,4-D or 2,4,5-T) influence the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis. Indeed, for the 3309C, the use of 2,4,5-T in the induction medium showed a higher efficiency from embryogenic nodes compared to that obtained from stamens. However, the better efficiency was obtained from the flowers of this variety on an induction medium containing 2,4-D. In addition, a protocol used in the laboratory for secondary somatic embryogenesis allowed us to obtain embryogenic masses as well as secondary somatic embryos from these rootstocks. The protocol conversion of embryos into plants, in the presence of 4.5 [tM of cytokinin (BAP), was effective for the 110R and 41B. In a second step, we co-cultivated embryogenic material obtained for four of these genotypes (110R, 3309C, Fercal and 41B), with Agrobacteriwn tumefaciens containing three genetic constructs: (i) a copy of a partial sequence (1020 bp) of the coat protein gene of the virus in the sense orientation, (ii) a short part-way and antisense (280 bp) of the same sequence forming a hairpin structure (hairpin RNA = hpRNA) (iii) one amiRNA targeting a viral sequence. The nptll bacterial gene encoding neomycin phosphotransferase and conferring resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin, was used as the selection gene. The selection conditions to kanamycin have required experimental adaptations such as adjusting the concentration of antibiotic because the selection with 75 mg.L-1 of kanamycin was not enough drastic in most of our experiments of co-culture. The results of molecular analysis by PCR showed probable amplification of fragments of interest (CPGFLV and amiRNA-71) in samples of 11OR and 41B resistant to kanamycin. However, additional molecular analysis by AL-PCR did not inform us about a possible integration of the transgene amiRNA-71 in embryogenic masses of 41B
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Jacometti, Marco Alexander Azon. "Enhancing ecosystem services in vineyards to improve the management of Botrytis cinerea". Phd thesis, Lincoln University. Bio-Protection and Ecology Division, 2007. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20070126.115223/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Organic mulches and cover crops mulched in situ were assessed for their effects on B. cinerea primary inoculum and disease levels in inflorescences at flowering and/or bunches at harvest.
Organic mulches were used to enhance biological degradation of vine debris to reduce levels of B. cinerea primary inoculum the following season. Four mulch types (anaerobically and aerobically fermented marc (grape pressings), inter-row grass clippings and shredded office paper) were applied under ten-year-old Riesling vines in a ten-replicate randomized block design in New Zealand over two consecutive years. Plastic mesh bags, each containing naturally infected vine debris, were placed under vines on bare ground (control) and at the soil-mulch interface, in winter (July) 2003 and 2004. In each year, half the bags were recovered at flowering (December) and the remainder at leaf plucking (February), for assessment of B. cinerea sporulation from the vine debris and debris degradation rate. Bait lamina probes, which measure soil biological activity, were placed in the soil-mulch interface three weeks before each of the two bag-recovery dates in both years and were then removed and assessed at the same times as were the bags. All mulches led to a reduction in B. cinerea sporulation. This reduction was significantly correlated with elevated rates of vine debris decomposition and increased soil biological activity. Over both years, compared with the controls, all treatments gave a 3-20-fold reduction in B. cinerea sporulation, a 1.6-2.6-fold increase in vine debris degradation and in the two marc and the paper treatments, a 1.8-4-fold increase in activity of soil organisms.
The mulches also altered vine characteristics and elevated their resistance to B. cinerea through changes to the soil environment. Functional soil biological activity, as measured by Biolog Ecoplates and bait lamina probes, was increased 2-4 times in the two marc and paper treatments, compared with the control, an effect relating to the elevated soil moisture and reduced temperature fluctuations under these mulches. Soil nutrient levels and the C:N ratios were also affected in these treatments. The mulched paper lowered vine canopy density by up to 1.4 times that of the other treatments, an effect which probably led to elevated light penetration into the canopy and consequent increased canopy temperature, photosynthesis and lowered canopy humidity. These changes to soil and vine characteristics increased grape skin strength by up to 10% in the paper treatment and sugar concentrations by 1.2-1.4 °Brix in the two marc and paper treatments. The severity of B. cinerea infections in the anaerobic marc, aerobic marc and paper treatments were reduced to 12%, 3% and 2.2% of the control, respectively, in field assessments averaged over two consecutive harvests.
Cover crops mulched in situ had similar effects to those of the organic mulches, increasing soil biological activity and reducing B. cinerea primary inoculum and the severity of B. cinerea infection in grapes at harvest (2006). Inter-row phacelia and ryegrass were mulched in winter 2005 and compared with a bare ground control, under 10-year-old Chardonnay vines in a ten-replicate randomized block design. Functional soil biological activity increased by 1.5-4.5 times in the two cover crop treatments compared with the control, an effect possibly related to elevated soil moisture in these treatments. This increase in soil moisture and soil biological activity increased vine debris degradation, reduced B. cinerea primary inoculum on the debris and decreased B. cinerea severity at flowering (December 2005) and harvest (April 2006).
These results show the potential of organic mulches and cover crops mulched in situ to enhance soil ecosystem services and improve the sustainability of viticultural practices.
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DAI, GUANG HUI. "Etude des facteurs biochimiques de resistance de la vigne (vitis spp. ) au mildiou (plasmopara viticola)". Montpellier, ENSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENSA0031.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La relation hote-parasite entre la vigne (vitis spp. ) et le mildiou (plasmopara viticola) a ete etudiee par des methodes histochimiques et biochimiques. L'analyse des tissus sains montre que les especes resistantes contiennent plus de derives galliques que les especes sensibles. L'espece la plus resistante presente plusieurs assises de cellules riches en tanins catechiques situees dans l'epiderme inferieur des feuilles, zone habituelle de penetration du parasite. Les trois especes: vitis vinifera cv. Grenache (sensible, s), v. Rupestris cv. Rupestris du lot (moyennement resistant, m) et v. Rotundifolia cv. Carlos (resistant, r) sont etudiees apres infestation foliaire par p. Viticola. On distingue chez r, tres tot (2 jours apres infestation), des flavonoides au niveau des stomates et des cellules avoisinantes. Pour l'espece m, du resveratrol et une activite peroxydasique sont detectes des le 5eme jour apres infestation. Plus tardivement (vers le 8eme et 15eme jours), des flavonoides et de la lignine s'accumulent dans les tissus entourant la necrose. Chez s, seule quelques cellules, autour des lesions, sont impregnees de flavonoides 15 jours apres infestation. La comparaison de la reaction au mildiou de ces differentes especes, cultivees en serre ou sous forme de plantules in vitro, montre que la presence du resveratrol n'est pas toujours constante selon les conditions d'experimentation. Par contre, celle des flavonoides est stable
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Délye, Christophe. "Variabilite de l'agent de l'oidium de la vigne (uncinula necator schweinitz burrill) et resistance aux fongicides inhibiteurs de la biosynthese des sterols". Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INAP0004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Pour mieux comprendre l'epidemiologie et les mecanismes sous-tendant la resistance d'uncinula necator aux fongicides inhibiteurs de la c#1#4-demethylase (i. D. M. ), une double etude a ete menee sur un echantillon de 99 souches de ce champignon provenant d'europe, d'inde et d'australie. - une etude par r. A. P. D. De la diversite genetique a permis de mettre en evidence trois grands groupes de souches (i, ii et iii). Les souches des groupes i et iii sont presentes dans les trois origines geographiques ; les souches de groupe ii n'ont ete trouvees qu'en inde. La confrontation des donnees moleculaires et de donnees biologiques suggere 1) que les phenomenes naturels (vent. . . ) interviennent peu dans la dissemination d'uncinula necator, 2) que les souches de groupe i et iii representent respectivement deux biotypes d'uncinula necator en isolement reproductif. Ces biotypes hivernent sous la forme asexuee (i) ou sexuee (iii), et pourraient avoir des exigences climatiques differentes. Les souches de groupe ii representeraient un troisieme biotype du champignon. Ce travail a permis de mettre au point un outil base sur la p. C. R. Pour le suivi de souches au vignoble, qui devrait s'averer tres utile pour des etudes epidemiologiques, et a fourni de nombreux marqueurs utilisables pour ce type d'etudes. - la nature des mecanismes de resistance aux i. D. M. A ete etudiee par trois approches. L'approche biologique (tests de resistance aux fongicides) suggere un controle polygenique de la resistance et confirme l'absence de resistance croisee systematique a ces molecules. L'approche biochimique (etude de l'effet d'un i. D. M. Sur la biosynthese des sterols) montre que la resistance des souches etudiees est due a une dilution de l'effet du fongicide. L'approche moleculaire (recherche de gene(s) de resistance aux i. D. M. ) a permis de correler la presence d'une mutation ponctuelle dans le gene codant pour la cible des i. D. M. , la c#1#4-demethylase (un enzyme a cytochrome p#4#5#0), a un niveau de resistance eleve a l'une de ces molecules, le triadimenol. Ce gene de resistance potentiel aux i. D. M. Est le premier mis en evidence chez des souches naturelles de champignon. Cette derniere approche a permis de developper un outil de detection de la mutation par p. C. R. Allele-specifique, qui est potentiellement utilisable pour des etudes de terrain.
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RIBEAUDEAU, MARION. "Elaboration et caracterisation de films de niobium deposes sur cuivre. Determination de la resistance de surface de supraconducteurs par thermometrie sous vide". Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066429.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le developpement des cavites acceleratrices nb/cu elaborees par pulverisation magnetron est motive par leurs applications possibles dans les grands projets necessitant de hauts gradients. Neanmoins, afin de satisfaire aux criteres de fonctionnement imposes par les futurs collisionneurs lineaires, les performances hf de ces cavites doivent etre ameliorees. L'augmentation rapide de la resistance de surface avec l'amplitude du champ hf constitue la limitation principale de la technologie couche mince. Dans l'optique de comprendre et reduire ces dissipations energetiques, nous avons entrepris une serie d'etudes sur echantillons nb/cu. Nous avons optimise les conditions d'elaboration des films. L'augmentation de la temperature de depot et de la puissance appliquee au magnetron ainsi que la diminution de la pression de decharge ont conduit a une augmentation sensible du rrr des couches minces. Des analyses de la composition chimique des films par methodes nucleaires ont confirme une teneur reduite en impuretes legeres (o, c et h) ainsi que l'absence de pollution du niobium par diffusion du cuivre dans les joints de grains. Nous avons developpe et valide une nouvelle methode de mesure de la resistance de surface par thermometrie sous vide. Cette methode adaptee a la cavite te 0 1 1 deja utilisee au laboratoire a permis de determiner directement la resistance de surface d'echantillons nb/cu a 1,7k et a 4,2k. Nous avons etudie l'influence de l'etat de surface du substrat cuivre sur la resistance de surface du film de niobium en realisant des depots sur des substrats de rugosite tres variable. Les observations de la surface des films par microscopie electronique a balayage ont mis en evidence l'existence de defauts micrometriques de croissance, en particulier sur les echantillons rugueux. Les tests hf par thermometrie sous vide de ces echantillons ont permis d'etablir une correlation entre la forte densite de ces defauts et la degradation de la resistance de surface du depot, a bas champ comme a fort champ. Les resultats de ces recherches sur echantillons ont beneficie aux cavites 1,5 ghz. Les premiers tests hf sont encourageants (q o = 2 10 1 0 a bas champ et e a c c = 25 mv/m). Pour obtenir des resultats reproductibles et ameliorer encore les performances hf des cavites, il est primordial de poursuivre l'optimisation de la preparation de surface du cuivre avant le depot.
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BOVE, FEDERICA. "Sviluppo di un modello di simulazione delle epidemie di peronospora su foglie e grappoli di varietà di vite resistenti". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/57899.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La presente tesi intende esplorare gli effetti della resistenza parziale sulle epidemie di peronospora della vite (Plasmopara viticola).
È stato sviluppato un modello di simulazione teorico che comprende lo sviluppo della pianta ospite e le fasi principali della malattia, dalla mobilizzazione dell’inoculo, alla moltiplicazione della malattia sulle foglie, all’infezione dei grappoli. Attraverso esperimenti (monociclici) di inoculazione è stata studiata la risposta alle infezioni di P. Viticola di 16 varietà parzialmente resistenti, analizzando le seguenti componenti: frequenza d’infezione, durata del periodo di latenza, dimensione delle lesioni, produzione di sporangi, durata del periodo infezioso e infettività degli sporangi prodotti sulle lesioni. Queste componenti di resistenza sono state incorporate nel modello, attraverso cui sono stati studiati i loro effetti sull’epidemia (policiclica) in diversi scenari.
Le componenti di resistenza hanno mostrato diversi livelli di efficacia nel sopprimere l’epidemia: l’efficienza di infezione e la produzione di sporangi risultano avere un maggiore impatto nella resistenza espressa a livello di pieno campo. Questo approccio è utile per guidare lo studio fenotipico della resistenza dell’ospite e per anticipare le prestazioni di un genotipo a livello di pieno campo, che risulterebbe difficile e dispendioso considerando la natura perenne della vite.The present dissertation aims to explore the effects of partial resistance on grapevine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) epidemics. A theoretical simulation model was developed including host dynamics and main phases of the disease, from inoculum mobilisation to disease multiplication on foliage, and to infection of clusters. The response to P. Viticola infection was studied for 16 grapevine varieties through (monocyclic) inoculation experiments, by measuring components of partial resistance: infection frequency, duration of latent period, size of lesions, production of sporangia, duration of infectious period, and infectivity of sporangia produced on lesion. Components of partial resistance were incorporated into the model and their effects on the (polycyclic) epidemic were investigated accross different scenarios. Components of partial resistance showed different effectiveness on the suppression of epidemics, infection efficiency and spore production having the strongest impact on the overall field resistance response. This approach is an useful tool for phenotyping studies on host plant resistance and for anticipating the performance of a genotype at the field scale, that otherwise is difficult and time requiring due to the perennial nature of grapevine.
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COBANOV, PASCAL. "L'embryogenese somatique chez la vigne et son application a la transformation par agrobacterium tumefaciens en vue de produire des vignes resistantes au grapevine fanleaf virus (gflv) responsable du court-noue de la vigne". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR13261.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les objectifs de ce travail etaient de developper des methodologies d'induction de l'embryogenese somatique et de transformation genetique en vue d'obtenir des vignes transgeniques susceptibles d'etre resistantes au gravepine fanleaf virus (gflv). Un protocole d'embryogenese somatique a partir de culture d'etamines a ete developpe. Ce protocole a permis l'obtention de cals embryogenes de cepages d'interet tels que les vitis vinifera cv. Riesling et cv. Pinot noir. Nous avons egalement developpe un protocole d'embryogenese somatique chez le porte-greffe fercal base sur la mise en culture de fragments de feuilles provenant de vitroplants. Nous avons, par ailleurs, realise une etude histologique de l'embryogenese somatique qui a permis de mettre en evidence l'origine des cals embryogenes. Les cals embryogenes de fercal proviennent de la proliferation de cellules du mesophylle situees autour des nervures. Nous avons confirme l'origine unicellulaire des embryons en suivant le developpement de ceux-ci depuis la premiere division asymetrique conduisant a l'elaboration de l'embryon et de son suspenseur a sa base. Les caracteristiques morphologiques et cytologiques des cals embryogenes issus de la culture d'etamines ont ete determinees. Les cals embryogenes sont constitues de deux lignees cellulaires : l'une avec des amyloplastes volumineux et l'autre qui en est depourvue. Nous avons montre que l'amidon et la callose sont des marqueurs de l'embryogenese somatique chez la vigne. Enfin une partie de ce memoire retrace nos experiences de transformation genetique des cals embryogenes de 110r par agrobacterium tumefaciens en vue d'introduire une resistance au gflv. Des vignes transgeniques ont ete produites avec quatre constructions plasmidiques differentes. Nous avons transfere une copie du gene codant pour la proteine de capside du gflv, une version mutee du gene codant pour l'arn polymerase du gflv, ou une sequence codant pour le polypeptyde vpg-protease. Les transformants regeneres ont ete analyses par pcr et southern blot pour confirmer le transfert et l'insertion des t-dna. Un test de microgreffage a ete developpe pour mettre en evidence une resistance a l'infection par le gflv chez les vignes transgeniques. Deux transformants ppo1-r (a2 et a10) ont ete identifies comme etant resistants au gflv par microgreffage in vitro. Des microgreffes de ces deux transformants ne presentent pas d'infection au gflv apres 4 mois d'assemblage entre les greffons transgeniques et l'inoculum viral, au contraire des temoins non transgeniques.
Libri sul tema "Vine resistance"
1
Terán, Juan Fernando. AVC: Revelaciones y reflexiones sobre una guerrilla inconclusa? Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamín Carrión, 1994.
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2
La rabia: Y todo lo que vino después : 2001-2011 : 10 años, 26 historias. Buenos Aires: Sudamericana, 2011.
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3
Frías, Edgar A. A.V.C. por dentro. [Ecuador: E.A. Frías], 1999.
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4
Following Christ in a consumer society: The spirituality of cultural resistance. Maryknoll, N.Y: Orbis Books, 1991.
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Desert spirituality and cultural resistance: From ancient monks to mountain refugees. Winnipeg: CMU Press, 2011.
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Frías, Edgar A. A.V.C. por dentro. [Ecuador: E.A. Frías], 1999.
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C, Marco Flores. Memorial de una ilusión: 1983-1993. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana "Benjamín Carrión,", 1997.
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Edith, Rappo Míguez Susana, Cortés Sánchez Sergio e Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Cuerpo Académico Consolidado "Capitalismo Contemporáneo.", a cura di. Historia de una lucha: Unión Campesina Emiliano Zapata Vive, UCEZV. México, D.F: Ediciones de Educación y Cultura, 2010.
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Bacterial biofilms. Berlin: Springer, 2008.
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Mcdermott, Leeanne. GamePro Presents: Sega Genesis Games Secrets: Greatest Tips. Rocklin: Prima Publishing, 1992.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Vine resistance"
1
White, Robert E. "Soil Quality in Vineyards". In Soils for Fine Wines. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195141023.003.0009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The soil must provide a favorable physical environment for the growth of vines—their roots and beneficial soil organisms. Some of the important properties contributing to this condition are infiltration rate, soil strength, available water capacity, drainage, and aeration. Ideally, the infiltration rate IR should be >50 mm/hr, allowing water to enter the soil without ponding on the surface, which is predisposed to runoff and erosion. The range of infiltration rates for soils of different texture and structural condition is shown in table 7.1. Typically, the soil aggregates should have a high degree of water stability so that when the soil is subjected to pressure from wheeled traffic or heavy rain, the aggregates do not collapse, nor do the clays deflocculate. Some of the problems associated with the collapse of wet aggregates and clay de-flocculation, and the formation of hard surface crusts when dry, are discussed in section 3.2.3. Pans that develop at depth in the soil profile, as a result of remolding of wet aggregates under wheel or cultivation pressure, can be barriers to root growth. Soil strength is synonymous with consistence, which is the resistance by the soil to deformation when subjected to a compressive shear force (box 2.2). Soil strength depends on the soil matrix potential m and bulk density BD, as illustrated in figure 7.1. In situ soil strength is best measured using a penetrometer, as discussed in box 7.1. The soil strength at a ψm of −10 kPa (FC ) should be <2 MPa for easy root penetration and should not exceed 3 MPa at –1500 kPa (PWP). As shown in figure 7.1, when ψm is between −10 and −100 kPa, the soil strength increases with BD. The BD of vineyard soils can increase, particularly in the inter-row areas because of compaction by machinery, such as tractors, spray equipment, and harvesters. Typically, compaction occurs at depths between 20 and 25 cm and is more severe in sandy soils than in clay loams and clays (except when the clays are sodic; see section 7.2.3). Figure 7.2 shows the marked difference in soil compaction, measured by penetration resistance, under a wheel track and under a vine row on a sandy soil in a vineyard.
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Medina, José. "Resistance as Epistemic Vice and as Epistemic Virtue". In The Epistemology of Resistance, 56–89. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199929023.003.0002.
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Lauter, Paul. "University Reform: Threat or Opportunity". In Canons and Contexts. Oxford University Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195055931.003.0017.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
When you feel yourself beginning to slide down a cliff, you are not likely to think too hard about what it is you grab to stop the fall. But the choice of handholds makes a difference—the difference between continuing to plunge and holding on long enough to plant your feet. As you descend, what seems a vine turns out to be a viper, and what seems a solid trunk proves rootless and tears away. So it is as faculty have contended with the growing shelf of studies criticizing, occasionally analyzing, and mostly prescribing for, higher education. We feel the structure, the norms of our profession, shifting and sliding beneath our feet. We reach for a handhold, a point of stability, and discover, alas, that there’s little that is reliable, much that is frail and fragile. Three of the mid-1980s higher education studies1 were among the opening shots in what has become an extended battle over the character and quality of the institutions in which professors work, as well as over what exactly it is that faculty and staff do. One could, of course, dismiss these and more recent studies, perhaps citing their manifold banalities as sufficient reason for indifference. Or, as faculty, we could acquiesce, agreeing to such changes as the reformists are able to compel, but doing little more than what is necessary to protect our turf. Either course is rationally defensible. Neither is advisable for the academic community. It seems to me that either indifference or generalized resistance would be mistaken—for at least two reasons. First, this has proven to be an unusually strong tide of reform, and even now, half a decade later, it seems still to be waxing. Even from the perspective of strict self-interest, not an unfamiliar ground for academics to stand upon, it would be dangerous to ignore what is a continuing effort to reshape the character of our work and lives. Second, the drive to reform college education presents faculty and staff with an opportunity to shape the direction of change, and in particular to raise what none of these reports really contends with: What political values, what economic forms, what social objectives do we really wish to pursue?
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Beuret, E. "Control of chloroplastic resistant weed biotypes in vineyard: The phytotoxicity of pendimethalin". In Weed Control on Vine and Soft Fruits, 31–35. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003211419-7.
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Eryılmaz, Mehmet Eymen, e Filiz Eryılmaz. "Active and Passive Resistance to Organizational Change". In Competitive Strategies for Academic Entrepreneurship, 51–69. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8487-4.ch003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Today, almost all organizations (private or public, small, medium or large in size etc.) need to change. However, organizational change efforts are not always successful for various reasons. Active and passive resistance to organizational change is one of these. In this chapter, efforts to form an entrepreneurship minor program in a public university and some reasons for active and passive resistance to it are examined. For this examination, data was mainly collected from one-to-one and semi-structured interviews which were mostly conducted with the vice deans of various faculties and from the participative observation of one of the researchers. In addition, some documents about the program were examined.
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Joseph-Gabriel, Annette K. "Aoua Kéita". In Reimagining Liberation, 143–68. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042935.003.0007.
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Aoua Kéita’s autobiography Femme d’Afrique: La vie d’Aoua Kéita racontée par elle-même expands the scholarship on African women’s feminist networks to include collective resistance and community formation by women in rural areas. Reading Kéita’s autobiography alongside works by Ousmane Sembène highlights rural women’s roles at the forefront of anticolonial struggle in West Africa and their strategies of resistance that hinged primarily on transgressive mobility. Through marches, protests and occupying space, women in rural communities worked to reverse colonial dispossession of land and the erasure of their contributions to public life.
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Byers, Andrew. "“Come Back Clean”". In The Sexual Economy of War, 93–127. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501736445.003.0004.
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This chapter examines Camp Beauregard, a training camp established during the First World War in Alexandria, Louisiana. Moral and social reformers feared the sexual dangers that newly-inducted draftees would face in training camps and in Europe, and used wartime training as an opportunity to attempt to indoctrinate soldiers in particular views of sexual morality. The Wilson administration created the Commission on Training Camp Activities (CTCA) to police soldiers’ sexuality and eliminate red-light districts in civilian communities. These efforts to eliminate “vice” near military bases were not universally accepted; military and civilian anti-vice efforts met with considerable local resistance in Louisiana, where there were many vested economic and other interests who benefited from continued access to prostitution.
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"Mondo Vino: Rationalization, Resistance, and Taste in the Wine World". In Bourdieu in Question: New Directions in French Sociology of Art, 401–25. BRILL, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004356719_020.
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Roy, Sara. "Introduction: Structure, Arguments, and Conceptual Framework". In Hamas and Civil Society in Gaza. Princeton University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691159676.003.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter examines the Islamic Resistance Movement or Hamas, which was established at the beginning of the first Palestinian uprising in December 1987. This analysis of Hamas focuses on its social dimensions and on the relationship between its social and political sectors, primarily in the Gaza Strip, where the Islamist movement in Palestine is most concentrated. The chapter also explores the ways in which Islamic political institutions interact with and/or influence social institutions and vice versa, the nature of Islamic social and political mobilization in Palestine and the links between them, the changing nature of Islamically legitimized action in the public and political spheres, and the slowly emerging secularization of religious discourse as a way of adapting to existing social and political realities.
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Acosta, Zamira, e Jaime Febles. "The Organizacional Management as Instrument to Overcome the Resistance to the Innovative Process". In Professional Advancements and Management Trends in the IT Sector, 223–38. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0924-2.ch015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Changes in economic activity on a global scale affect organizations due to modifications on their decision criteria, but also for the permanent character of the change. This situation implies an increase of the competition and also the appearance of new markets and opportunities. On the other hand the innovation not only offers major possibilities to guarantee the organization’s survival but also it allows to increase their competitive capacity; even turning into a generating element of the change and vice versa. But it will be the organization that inserts appropriately the above mentioned innovation, or that uses it better, the one that will be more competitive. The management of the organizational change, in this sense, turns into an influential factor in the creation of future and in the promotion of the available possibilities. This paper analyzes organizational management more adapted to the innovative processes of the Canary companies, as well as the underlying differences in the types of compared enterprises.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Vine resistance"
1
Stamatidi, V. Y., e I. I. Ryff. "THE INFLUENCE OF DROUGHT FOR PRODUCTIVITY OF THE SORTS OF VINE". In The All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation and Schools of Young Scientists "Mechanisms of resistance of plants and microorganisms to unfavorable environmental". SIPPB SB RAS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31255/978-5-94797-319-8-730-732.
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Tikhonov, K. G., M. A. Sundyreva, D. V. Yanykin, M. S. Khristin, T. N. Smolova, A. A. Khorobrykh, N. A. Semenova, I. A. Naidov e T. V. Savchenko. "The study of the resistance of corticular photosynthesis of vines to stressenvironmental factors". In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-435.
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Agafii, V., J. Padgurskas, V. Mihailov, A. Andriušis, R. Kreivaitis e A. Ianachevici. "Increasing Wear Resistance of 30x13 Stianless Steel by Electrospark Alloying". In BALTTRIB 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/balttrib.2015.14.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this work were studied the tribological properties of coatings of molybdenum, silver, chrome + molybdenum, molybdenum + BrOF6.5-0.15, obtained by electrospark alloying method on 30X13stainless steel. At the load of 200 N was established dependence between the coating wear and its hardness, the higher the hardness, the smaller is the wear of the coating and vice versa. The volumetric wear of the coatings at a load of 100 N increases in the direction of Мо=Cr + Mo → Steel 45 → Mo + BrОF6.5-0.15 → Ag, and at a load of 200 N increases in the direction of Мо→Cr + Mo → Steel 45 → Mo + BrОF6.5-0.15 → Ag. At all loads, the combination coatings made of chromium + molybdenum (f≈0.08) had the highest friction coefficient (f≈0.08), and the combination coatings made of Mo + BrОF6.5-0.15 had the lowest ones (f≈0.043-0.046).
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Kearney, Ian. "Analysis of Integrated Current Sense in Multiphase Buck Converters". In ISTFA 2015. ASM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2015p0147.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Accurate and lossless current sensing is vital for high performance multiphase buck converters used in the latest voltage regulation modules (VRMs). A synchronous FET onstate resistance based approach is an alternative topology to DCR based sensing and is compatible with any controller, which requires inductor current information. The MOSFET driver has built-in sense circuitry, which when co-packaged with the MOSFETs reduces total footprint and ease of design. The Powerstage embodiment virtually eliminates the parasitic inductance and resistance between Control and Synchronous power MOSFETS; and using thick copper clips substantially reduce the parasitics associated with the input supply voltage (VIN) and the switch node output voltage (VSW) connections when compared to wire-bonded solutions. This paper presents a novel investigation into a contradictory low on-resistance paradox in a stacked 3D configuration. Through analysis, characterization and simulation the author deciphered the conundrum leading to a root cause explained by a mismatch of internal gain and referenced on-resistance. Building on previous metrology improvements the innovative insights drove analysis toward root-cause.
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Theren, Benedict, Simon Fahle, Antonia Weirich e Bernd Kuhlenkötter. "Resistance-Based Temperature Monitoring Using Machine Learning and Adapted Activation for an SMA Locking System in Aircraft Interiors". In ASME 2020 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2020-2249.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This work presents a scenario in which machine learning (ML) adds value to the usability of an SMA actuator. The considered actuator is a locking device which is actuated by two antagonistically arranged SMA wires. The wires are activated using joule heating. The actuator is operated in aircraft interiors at ambient temperatures between −20°C and 70°C. Preliminary work has shown that the locking device can only be reliably operated in a temperature range from approx. 4°C to 40°C without adjusting the activation parameters. Below these temperatures, the wires must receive more heating energy to actuate the device. Above 40°C, the heating energy must be decreased. Otherwise, the wires could be severely damaged. Currently, a temperature sensor and thus an additional component is required for temperature detection. It is known from literature review and from our preliminary work that the characteristic course of electrical resistance during activation of SMA wires depends, among other things, on the ambient temperature. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the temperature sensor and determine the ambient temperature by monitoring the electrical resistance during activation of the actuator wires. However, the resistance is additionally influenced by the state of wear which in turn is influenced by the actuator-specific load case and the activation frequency. Thus, temperature detection using monitoring the electrical resistance during activation is difficult to generalize beyond a specific load case. In this paper, the authors examined whether an ambient temperature between −20°C and 75°C can be correctly matched to a 5°C interval using a neural network trained with data from the course of the resistance and taking into account the state of wear for a specific actuator. To generate the necessary data, the actuator is operated in a climatic chamber until one of the wires breaks. The ambient temperature is varied between the two end temperatures. This test was carried out twice in total. A neural network was trained to test whether the ambient temperature of the wires can be determined. This procedure worked within the experiments. In a second step, the network was trained with data from experiment 1 to determine the ambient temperatures of experiment 2 and vice versa. This did not lead to a satisfactory result. Two different persons installed the wires in the actuator for the two different experiments. Therefore it can be concluded, that the installation of the actuator wires has a considerable influence on the applicability of machine learning in this scenario.
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Mozuras, Almantas, e Evgueni Podzharov. "Displacement Measurement, Nonlinearity, Noise, and Thermal Stability". In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/vib-48599.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nonlinear distortions, noise, and thermal instability are the most important error sources of non-contact displacement and distance measurement. In this work, the ways of elimination of these errors are considered. Two methods are proposed and analyzed. The first method helps to exclude nonlinear distortions and noise. According to this method, the nonlinear converter is driven to harmonic oscillations orthogonally to the object surface with constant amplitude. Fourier coefficients are calculated for the different node positions of the vibrating converter. Calibration curve of the converter is reconstructed from collections of derivatives, which are obtained solving system of linear equations. The second method uses ratio of the two Fourier coefficients as the informative parameter and helps to exclude thermal instability. In this paper, there is shown that when the method is more noise resistant it is less thermally stable, and vice versa.
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Sarzosa, Diego F. B., e Claudio Ruggieri. "Further Insights on the Relationship Between J and CTOD for SE(B) and SE(T) Specimens Including Ductile Crack Propagation". In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45672.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In structural assessment procedures the crack driving force is usually estimated numerically based on the J -Integral definition because its determination is well established in many finite element codes. The nuclear industry has extensive fracture toughness data expressed in terms of J-Integral and huge experience with its applications and limitations. On the other hand, material fracture toughness is typically measured by Crack Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) parameter using the hinge plastic model or double clip gauge technique. The parameter CTOD has a wide acceptance in the Oil and Gas Industry (OGI). Also, the OGI has a lot of past data expressed in terms of CTOD and the people involved are very familiar with this parameter. Furthermore, the CTOD parameter is based on the physical deformation of the crack faces and can be visualized and understood in an easy way. There is a unique relationship between J and CTOD beyond the validity limits of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) for stationary cracks. However, if ductile crack propagation occurs, the crack tip deformation profile and stress-strain fields ahead of the crack tip will change significantly when compared to the static case. Thus, the stable crack propagation may change the well established relationship between J and CTOD for stationary cracks compromising the construction of resistance curves J-Δa from CTOD-Δa data or vice versa. This investigation is a complementary study on the relationship between J-Integral and CTOD under ductile crack propagation of a previous work. The theoretical definition of CTOD using the 90° method and the empirical expression used in the standard ASTM E1820 are analyzed under stable crack growth. Plane-strain finite element computations including stationary and growth analysis are conducted for 3P SE(B) and clamped SE(T) specimens having different notch length to specimen width ratios in the range of 0.1–0.5. For the growth analysis, the models are loaded to levels of J consistent to a crack growth resistance curve representative of a typical pipeline steel. A computational cell methodology to model Mode I crack extension in ductile materials is utilized to describe the evolution of J with a. Laboratory testing of an API 5L X70 steel at room temperature using standard, deeply cracked C(T) specimens is used to measure the crack growth resistance curve for the material and to calibrate the key cell parameter defined by the initial void fraction, f 0. The presented results provide additional understanding of the effects of ductile crack growth on the relationship between J-Integral and CTOD for standard and non-standard fracture specimens. Specific procedures for evaluation of CTOD-R curves using SE(T) and SE(B) specimens with direct application to structural integrity assessment and defect analysis in pipelines and risers will be proposed, yielding accurate and robust relations between J-Integral and CTOD.
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Wang, Huiyu, D. Keith Walters e Keisha B. Walters. "The Effect of Model Parameters on CFD Simulation of a Thermosyphon". In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-4896.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Both numerical and experimental studies have previously been carried out to investigate the heat transfer performance of the two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT). This paper investigates the performance of a commercially available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver (Ansys FLUENT) to predict the complex flow behavior of TPCTs, with special focus on modeling of the mass transfer phase change process. The present study uses four different sets of mass transfer coefficients for condensation and evaporation within a previously documented phase change model to determine their impact on the simulation results. The mass transfer coefficients effectively control the rate of transfer from liquid to vapor phase during evaporation and vice versa during condensation. The choice of coefficients is assumed to represent a balance between numerical accuracy and stability. A baseline simulation is performed for which both the evaporation and condensation coefficients are equal and set to default values. Three additional simulations vary the magnitude of the coefficients and adopt relative values based on density ratio following a recommended method that has been previously found to be effective for these simulations. Initial results show that the case with the highest coefficient of evaporation and coefficient for condensation based on the density ratio is in good agreement with available experimental data of overall thermal resistance of the TPCT., with predictive capability degrading as the values of the coefficients are reduced. Additionally, the 3D CFD models implemented in this study appear to successfully predict the phase change process and vital flow behavior inside the TPCTs, at least in a qualitative sense.
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Ren, Ping, e Dennis Hong. "Instantaneous Kinematics and Singularity Analysis of a Novel Three-Legged Mobile Robot With Active S-R-R-R Legs". In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49552.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
STriDER (Self-excited Tripedal Dynamic Experimental Robot) is a unique three-legged walking robot that utilizes its innovative tripedal gait to walk. Previous work on the kinematic analysis of STriDER mainly focused on solving the forward and inverse displacement problems. As a continuation, this paper addresses the instantaneous kinematics and singularity analysis. The kinematic configuration of STriDER is modeled as a three-legged in-parallel manipulator when all three feet of the robot are in contact with the ground without slipping. The results obtained from this study can be implemented to the velocity control and the resistance of disturbance forces, thus improving the motion accuracy and stability of the robot. By using screw theory, the screw-based Jacobian matrices of the manipulator can be derived since the forward displacement problems have already been solved. Based on these Jacobian matrices, the transformation equations from the active joint rates to the velocities of the body and vice versa are derived. Then, a complete investigation on the identification and elimination of singularities is presented. Unlike serial manipulators, in-parallel manipulators have two types of singularities, i.e., forward and inverse singularities. The inverse singularities are identified by checking the singular configurations of individual legs and the determinant of the inverse Jacobian matrix. By using Grassmann line geometry, the analytical conditions under which the forward singularities occur are obtained. A study on each case of these singular configurations shows that the redundant-actuation scheme of the active joints can effectively eliminate forward singularities.
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Liu, Chong, Asif Rashid, Muhammad P. Jahan e Jianfeng Ma. "Investigating the Micro-EDM Machinability of Bulk Metallic Glass in Micro-EDM Drilling". In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10940.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Bulk Metallic Glass (BMG) is a solid metallic material with disordered atomic structure, that has the characteristics of high elasticity, hardness, fracture toughness, and superior corrosion resistance. High aspect ratio micro-through holes on BMG has prospective applications in space, nuclear reactor, thermodynamics engineering, biomedical, and electronics industries. In this study, the micro-EDM machinability of BMG (Vit 1b: Zr67Cu10.6Ni9.8Ti8.8Be3.8 (wt%)) is evaluated. The micro-EDM machinability of BMG has been assessed based on the volume of material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), micro-hole surface quality, and dimensional accuracy. The effect of various electrical and non-electrical parameters is studied. It is found that micro-EDM is capable producing high aspect ratio micro-holes on difficult-to-machine BMG. The deposition of resolidified debris around the edge of the micro-holes, both at the entrance and exit side, are found to be a common phenomenon in micro-EDM of BMG. The reduction of capacitance was found to be the effective way for reducing the resolidified debris around the edges. Capacitance was found to be have more pronounced effect, with gap voltage having little effect on the quality of micro-holes. The electrode rotational speed had insignificant effect on the quality of micro-holes. In terms of dimensional accuracy, which was measured by overcut and taper angle, both the gap voltage and electrode rotational speed had little effect. The lower electrode rpm was found to reduce the taperness of the micro-holes, although the material removal rate decreases and tool wear rate increases. Finally, analysis of the composition of tool electrode before and after machining indicates the migration of materials from the dielectric and workpiece to the tool electrode and vice versa.