Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Vigna angularis"

Este trabalho realiza uma investigação sobre técnicas experimentais para a determinação de Funções de Resposta em Freqüência (FRFs) angulares com aplicações em estruturas do tipo viga. Estas FRFs são definidas considerando-se como variável de saída o movimento angular (deslocamento, velocidade ou aceleração) exibido pela estrutura sob estudo quando a mesma é excitada por uma força linear ou um momento puro. Dada a grande dificuldade em se aplicar um momento puro à estrutura sob estudo, este trabalho utiliza como forma de excitação apenas esforços lineares que podem ser aplicados através de técnicas usuais de excitação em análise modal, tais como o excitador eletrodinâmico e o martelo impulsivo. Portanto as FRFs obtidas descrevem relações de saída e entrada do tipo Angular/Linear. Uma das técnicas utilizadas na determinação das FRFs angulares consiste na excitação de uma estrutura com um excitador eletrodinâmico e utilização de um corpo rígido na forma de um bloco T que é montado sobre a estrutura sob estudo. Dois acelerômetros lineares devem ser montados sobre o bloco T e a partir das duas acelerações lineares medidas buscam-se estimar um sinal proporcional à aceleração angular da estrutura no ponto de conexão. Outra técnica utiliza uma formulação via diferenças finitas, onde dois ou três acelerômetros (de acordo com a formulação de diferenças finitas utilizada) igualmente espaçados são montados diretamente sobre a estrutura sob estudo e são usados para se derivar à aceleração angular. Os resultados obtidos a partir destas técnicas são comparados com resultados obtidos a partir da utilização de um acelerômetro angular piezelétrico recentemente disponível no mercado. Também foram desenvolvidos modelos analíticos e computacionais via método dos elementos finitos a fim de se gerar subsídios adicionais para a análise dos resultados. Foram feitas várias constatações e dentre elas destacam-se resultados onde as FRFs angulares/lineares resultantes podem sofrer alterações significativas dependendo de como os dados experimentais são processados.<br>The present work aims to perform an investigation on experimental techniques for the determination of angular Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) in Modal Testing. Angular FRFs are those where the output variable is given by angular displacement, velocity or acceleration, whereas the input is given in terms of linear or angular quantities (a pure moment). Since the application of a pure moment as an excitation source still remains as a challenge, this work is focused in studying techniques to estimate angular/linear types of angular FRFs. One of these techniques consists of exciting the structure with a shaker and using a rigid T-block to measure the linear accelerations and then calculating the angular FRFs from these linear accelerations. Another technique employs finite differences formulations to get the angular motions. This technique uses the closely spaced accelerometers mounted directly to the structure under test, where at least two (according to the finite difference formula employed) accelerometers are used. The translational measurements are gathered and finite difference formulas are used to derive the necessary angular quantities. Additional tests are performed with an angular piezoelectric accelerometer recently available in the market in order to provide a comparison basis for the results obtained using the two techniques. The results are also compared whit theoretical models developed using analytical and Finite Element Formulations. Among all results obtained, it was understood that depending on the level of angular vibrations exhibited by the structure, and how the signals are processed, the resulting angular FRFs can suffer some significant changes

Cada vez son más frecuentes las situaciones en las que resulta necesario el refuerzo de estructuras existentes. Sin embargo, las investigaciones relacionadas con este tema son más bien escasas, sobre todo cuando se trata del refuerzo y reparación de soportes de hormigón armado (en adelante HA). Los soportes de una estructura de edificación son los elementos que sustentan el conjunto de la estructura, por lo que los fallos en su comportamiento suponen un riesgo de colapso del edificio completo. Si a esto se une el hecho de que un porcentaje considerable de los daños detectados en estructura de edificación se localiza en estos elementos, queda de manifiesto el problema que implica la falta de recomendaciones de diseño y cálculo, así como de investigaciones relacionadas con el refuerzo de soportes de HA. Considerando que la técnica de reforzar soportes de HA mediante angulares y presillas metálicas es una de las más empleadas en la actualidad, coincidiendo además con que es una de las menos estudiadas hasta la fecha, queda de manifiesto la necesidad de estudiar el comportamiento de esta técnica de refuerzo. Con este objeto, se plantea la investigación "Estudio experimental y numérico de soportes de hormigón armado reforzados con perfiles metálicos sometidos a esfuerzos de compresión y flexo-compresión", financiada por el Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología de España con cargo al proyecto de investigación MAT 2003-08075, cofinanciado con fondos FEDER. Esta investigación se desarrolla en el Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Hormigón (ICITECH) de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. La presente Tesis Doctoral, se engloba dentro del proyecto de investigación descrito en el párrafo anterior, y en ella se estudia el comportamiento de soportes de HA reforzados mediante angulares y presillas metálicas sometidos a compresión centrada. Se efectúa también el estudio del comportamiento del nudo viga-soporte, analizando diversos modos de resolver dicho nudo. A partir de los r<br>Adam Martínez, JM. (2008). Contribución al estudio de soportes de hormigón armado reforzados con angulares y presillas metálicas. Análisis del soporte y del nudo viga soporte sometidos a compresión centrada [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/1982<br>Palancia

Tras la acción de un sismo, es frecuente encontrarnos con estructuras de hormigón armado que llegan al colapso o quedan fuera de servicio debido al daño sufrido en los elementos estructurales de la misma. Con el fin de reforzar las estructuras susceptibles de sufrir daños importantes, o bien reparar las estructuras que ya los han sufrido, surgen diferentes técnicas de refuerzo, destacando el empleo de angulares y presillas metálicas como una de las técnicas de refuerzo de soportes de hormigón armado más utilizada a nivel mundial. No obstante, en la actualidad no existen investigaciones que hayan tratado el comportamiento frente a carga cíclica de nudos interiores viga-columna de HA cuando el soporte es reforzado con esta técnica. Considerando la necesidad del estudio de este refuerzo, se planteó la investigación ¿Estudio experimental y numérico de nudos viga-soporte y losa-soporte en pilares de HA reforzados¿, financiada por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España, con cargo al proyecto de investigación BIA 2008-06268. Dicha investigación se desarrollada en el Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Hormigón (ICITECH) de la Universitat Politècnica de València. Esta Tesis Doctoral se engloba dentro este proyecto de investigación, y pretende ser una continuación al trabajo desarrollado por Gimenez (2007), Adam (2007) y Garzón-Roca (2013). El objetivo de la presente Tesis Doctoral es conocer el comportamiento de estos nudos frente a cargas cíclicas. Para ello, se ha realizado un estudio experimental constituido por 20 ensayos de nudos interiores viga-columna a escala real, como parte representativa del comportamiento sísmico de una estructura porticada de HA. La geometría y armado de los especímenes, han sido diseñados según construcciones habituales de edificación proyectadas únicamente frente a cargas gravitatorias, sin detalles sísmicos y bajo el concepto de viga fuerte-columna débil. El refuerzo de las columnas se ha ejecutado con angulares y presillas metálicas, y se han probado varias formas de conexión entre las columnas a través del nudo, que a su vez sirve como refuerzo de éste. Se han obtenido diferencias importantes en los ensayos realizados en función del tipo empleado conexión columna-nudo, del tipo de armado de las vigas, y de la combinación de cargas aplicadas sobre los especímenes. Por tanto, el programa experimental desarrollado ha permitido estudiar las pautas de comportamiento frente a cargas cíclicas de los elementos reforzados en su conjunto. Asimismo, ha permitido estudiar las mejoras en el comportamiento a cortante del nudo interior viga-columna.<br>Ruiz Pinilla, JG. (2013). Estudio experimental de nudos interiores viga-columna de entramados de hormigón armado con detalles no-dúctiles, con columnas reforzadas mediante angulares y presillas de acero, sometidos a cargas cíclicas [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/33752<br>TESIS<br>Premiado

碩士<br>國立臺南大學<br>自然科學教育學系碩士班<br>94<br>Legumes are very difficult to transform than other crops because unlike transformation in other organisms, the regeneration system for some legume species is currently not available. Although the most commonly transformation for legumes is based on infection by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, however tissue necrosis and cell death are seriously problems in damage for the success of legume transformation. According to Yamada et al. (2001), we established azuki bean (Vigna angularis Willd) hypocotyls regeneration system for cultivar KS8, the plantlets can be generated within 30-45 days in tissue culture. Agrobacterium-mediated azuki bean hypocotyls gene transfer showed normal transient GUS gene expression, Agrobacterium-induced hypersensitive necrotic reaction in plant cells are seriously problems. Infection with low bacterium density has no apparent improvement in elimination of this tissue necrotic reaction. Histochemical detection for reactive oxygen species (ROS, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide) and lignin accumulation on these necrotic cells revealed that tissue necrosis is affected by ROS production. Hydrogen peroxide production is a biphasic response, the first H2O2 production occurred at 2 h after infection, the second major production happened at 12 h during coclutivation. Antioxidants, such as DTT, GSH, Se, vitamin C, and L-cysteine were incorporated into culture media or bacterium broths in order to reduce tissue necrotic reaction during coclutivation in azuki bean gene transfer. Vitamin C improved callus growth and L-cysteine was the only antioxidant used in our studies that reduced tissue necrosis. However, GUS gene expression is inhibited by using large amount of L-cysteine (>300 mgL-1) although tissue necrosis can be improved dramatically Diphenylene iodonium (DPI) a specific inhibitor for flavoenzyme, such as NADPH oxidase and NADH oxidase was tested for its possible function in improvement Agrobacterium-mediated azuki bean gene transfer. DPI reduced H2O2 accumulation by 32% and superoxide production for 20%, although tissue necrotic reaction was slightly affected by DPI, GUS gene expression was increased. The possible mechanism and useful theory for DPI in Agrobacterium- mediated azuki bean gene transfer are currently under investigation.

碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>農園生產系所<br>98<br>The main purposes of this study were to investigate (A) relationships among agronomic characters and their genetic variation. (B) to conduct the generation mean analysis (GMA), analyze gene actions for references on selection and breeding methods of adzuki bean. 100 germplasms reserved in Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station were used as plant materials to determine the correlations among agronomic characters and their genotypic variations. The pod number and hundred seed weight had broadsense heritability greater than 0.8, while the plant height, plant total weight, pod number, pod weight, seed number per plant, seed weight per plant and weight of a pod heritability ranged from 0.6 to 0.8. The remaining traits such as branches, the lowest pod spaces and shelling percentage showed heritability less than 0.6. The phenotypic and genetic correlations among characters showed the same direction and its correlation coefficient was higher in genetic correlation. Hundred seed weight was significantly positive correlated with seed weight per plant, total plant weight and pod weight per plant but showed a significant negative correlation with plant height. Plant height showed significant positive correlations with other traits except for shelling percentage. The genetic path analysis results showed that：total plant weight, pod number per plant, hundred seed weight and seed number per pod had significant contribution to seed weight per plant (R2 = 0.969). Hundred seed weight had positive effect on grain yield , the path coefficient was 0.405. The total plant weight pod number per plant and seed number per pod also showed direct effects. Hundred seed weight and seed weight per plant showed a significant positive correlation, its contribution to seed weight per plant was 10.0%. Three hybrid sets of generation mean analysis were conducted to investigate gene effects of agronomic traits. The results showed as followed：in 266 set (Kaohsiung No.8, Kaohsiung No.5) the pod number per plant and hundred seed weight showed significant additive gene effect(a=1.7and 1.9 respectively) and toward positive accumulation. And, dominant factor for pod number per plant (d = 0.6) also toward positive. The total deviation of pod number per plant from expected additive model was 17.9% and hundred seed weight deviation from mid-parent was 12.5%. The 267 set (Kaohsiung No.9 × Kaohsiung No.5) genetic analysis showed seed weight per plant had significant additive (a = 8) effect. And, it was positive accumulation. The total deviation to expected additive model was 1.3%. Significant additive genetic effect also can be found on hundred seed weight (a = 4.6) and toward positive accumulation. And, dominant factor also (d =- 0.6) showed positive effect, The deviation from midparent was 2.27%. 268 set (Kaohsiung No.9 × Kaohsiung No. 8) genetic analysis showed that : Hundred seed weight had significant additive genetic effect (a = 2.9), and toward the positive accumulation. While dominant factor (d =- 1.2), showed negative.Total deviation to expected additive model was 18.8%. The generation mean analysis among all three set of hybridization showed that the hundred seed weight had significant additive gene effect and can be a good reference for selection and breeding. Other characters showed low additive effect and these results may be due to the influence of environment or parental selection for hybridization.

碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>食品科技研究所<br>105<br>Due to rapid changes in our diet and lifestyle, obesity population is rising year by year worldwide and become a serious health problem. Obesity is associated with numerous chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), one of Taiwan&apos;&apos;s important economic crops, are known to include many polyphenols, saponins and dietary fiber. The extracts of adzuki bean were found to have cardiovascular protection, anti-hypertenison and insulin resistance improvement effect. In this study we used four different solvent to extract adzuki bean. Further, we investigated the anti-adipogenic effect of different adzuki bean extracts in 3T3-L1 cell model. The results showed that hot water extract (HWE) group had the most significant anti-adipogenic effect, it could inhibit lipid accumulation in adipocyte. Therefore, we choosed HWE for further animal experiments. Five-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed with normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (50% energy from fat, HFD), HFD with 1% or 5% HWE (LHWE, HHWE) and ND with 5% HWE (NDHWE) for 13 weeks. Compared with HFD group, body weight, white adipose tissue weight and body fat ratio were significantly reduced in both HWE-treated groups in dose-dependent manner without affecting their food intake. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in both HWE-treated groups compared with HFD group. NDHWE group also had lower triglyceride content compared with ND group, it suggested that HWE may has potential hypolipidemic effect. The number and size of fat vacuoles in liver lesions were significantly reduced, indicating that HWE could ameliorate steatosis in HFD-induced mice. In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway can inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cell model. The results showed that HWE-treated groups inhibited adipogenesis via increasing Wnt10b, Dvl2, β-catenin and cyclin D1 protein levels and decreasing protein levels of Axin1 (destruction complex member), activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway and reduced adipogenesis associated transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPα expression. Moreover, our studies firmed that mice fed with HFD increasd Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio) and caused gut microbiota imbalance. Supplementation of HWE altered the composition of the gut microbiota by decreasing F/B ratio, improving bacterial diversity, increasing intestinal probiotics Lactobacillus and Akkermansia and decreasing Blautia and Ruminococcus compared with HFD-treated group, suggesting that HWE could improve obesity through modulating gut microbiota. Taken together, these results suggested that HWE could inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and ameliorated high-fat-diet induced obesity by activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway and regulating gut microbiota. HWE may has potential to be developed into functional food to improve metabolic disorders and enhance the economic value of domestic adzuki bean in Taiwan.

碩士<br>嘉南藥理科技大學<br>生物科技系暨研究所<br>96<br>Azuki bean (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi and Ohashi) is one of the twelve most important grain legumes in the world. In East Asia, the azuki bean is almost applied to food processing extensively. Agrobacterium- mediated gene transfer using azuki bean hypocotyls showed normal transient GUS gene expression, Agrobacterium-induced hypersensitive necrotic reaction in plant cells are seriously problems. Four cultivars of Azuki bean, Kaohsiung NO.6 (KS6), KS7, KS8 and KS9 were tested for plant regeneration by using explants sections from the epicotyls formed the seeds germinating seven days after planting in the dark. It is the Agrobacterium to use different strain with plasmid pCAMBIA 1201 or 1303, including transformation research for EHA105, LBA4404 and KYRT1, try to find out the relevant condition that the suitable azuki bean epicotyls transfer to transformation. The result of the study shows that the Agrobacterium carrying pCAMBIA1201 had higher efficiency than pCAMBIA1303. In gene transfer system of azuki bean, the infection efficiency of EHA105 strain is higher than KYRT1 and LBA4404. Using EHA105- pCAMBIA1201 to infect the explants of azuki bean shows that the KS9 had the biggest GUS gene expression extent, which is up to 67.62%, however, the condition of brownish is the most serious of all. Moreover, the intensity of GUS gene expression of KS6 and KS8 are the strongest, 70.31% and 73.22, respectively. In addition, the accumulation of lignin in KS6 is lower than the other one; the brownish of section cell in KS8 is lower, too.