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Tesi sul tema "Vésicules géantes unilamellaires (GUVs)"
Valentino, Fabrice. "Systèmes biomimétiques pour l'étude du changement de forme cellulaire". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC208/document.
Testo completoIntracellular transport involves membrane compartments and thus requires dynamic changes in the morphology of cell membranes. In this case, membrane tubes are formed whose radius is of the order of several tens of nanometers. We develop biomimetic systems based on model lipid membranes to decipher the mechanisms of membrane remodelling in particular under the action of the actin cytoskeleton. The mechanics of membrane nanotubes, especially the force needed to form and maintain a nanotube, are now well understood. The force depends on the curvature elasticity of the membrane and on its mechanical tension that is controlled in our experiment by micropipette aspiration. By using a four-quadrant diode, we obtain an unprecedented temporal resolution, in the order of 4 µs, and a force resolution under pN. This setup allows us to access unrivaled membrane nanotube properties.This thesis paves the way for studying the effect of actin dynamics on membrane nanotubes
Aimon, Sophie. "Study of a voltage-gated ion channel reconstituted in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00736743.
Testo completoQuemeneur, François. "Relation entre les paramètres mécaniques et le comportement sous contraintes externes de vésicules lipidiques à membrane modifiée". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00615938.
Testo completoEquy, Eloïse. "Polymersomes Janus : conception rationnelle, préparation et fonctionnalisation asymétrique pour le développement de systèmes auto-propulsés de délivrance ciblée de médicaments". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0465.
Testo completoMimicking the properties of living cells in artificial protocells has attracted significant interest, particularly for replicating motility and directional swimming for applications in smart therapeutics. Due to their vesicular and stable morphology, polymersomes hold great promise for drug delivery, and the introduction of asymmetry is crucial to enable self-propulsion. While several approaches, such as phase separation within the membrane, have been used to create asymmetric polymersomes, the selection of appropriate polymers remains a challenge. This PhD thesis aims at designing asymmetric, Janus-like polymersomes capable of self-propulsion, and powered by enzymatic glucose decomposition. We describe the development of Janus Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (JGUVs) through phase separation within the membrane of two distinct block copolymers comprising chemically incompatible hydrophobic blocks. We demonstrate, using the Flory-Huggins theory, that copolymers can be rationally selected and designed to self-assemble into asymmetric polymersomes, with tunable phase separation driven by parameters such as composition, molecular weight, and temperature. Our predictive method proves to be effective for both solvent-free and solvent-switch self-assembly processes, enabling the elaboration of generic phase diagrams correlating mixing free energy with polymersome morphology, providing valuable insights for JGUVs design. We also evidence that the presence of solvent during the vesicle formation broadens the range of incompatible polymers that can be used. Additionally, we successfully control, thanks to extrusion, the vesicle size while preserving their Janus morphology and evidence that the resulting JGUVs could be stable for several months. Furthermore, we asymmetrically functionalized JGUVs with glucose oxidase enzymes via click-chemistry, and a preliminary study on their dynamic behavior in the presence of glucose is presented, looking forward to their potential use as micromotors
Staneva, Galya. "Dynamique des membranes hétérogènes et effets des molécules d'asymétrie stérique positive : étude sur des vésicules géantes". Paris 6, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007282v2.
Testo completoPortet, Thomas. "Electroperméabilisation de systèmes modèles". Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1024/.
Testo completoElectropermeabilization is a process based on the application of electric pulses which can induce a transient permeabilization of the cell plasma membrane. If you submit a cell to a sequence of electric pulses with appropriate amplitude and duration, you will manage to introduce in the cytoplasm some molecules otherwise unable to cross the external envelope, and to do so without decreasing cell viability. This technique has led to various applications, notably in the fight against cancer and in the field of gene therapy. Being safer than chemical and viral transfection methods, it has become increasingly popular among the medical community. However, membrane reorganization processes at the microscopic level are not yet fully understood, and are still a matter of debate. A better description of these phenomena would allow to improve the efficiency and the safety of the clinical protocols. In this prospect, a possible strategy consists in the study of electric field effects on model systems. This thesis focuses on the influence of long duration (in the millisecond range) electric pulses on artificial lipid systems, giant unilamellar vesicles. It explains how these studies on model systems contributed to our fundamental knowledge of electropermeabilization, and also how they resulted in two practical applications: a method for loading liposomes with macromolecules, and a method for measuring a characteristic physical property of lipid bilayers, the edge tension. It also contains a part where the entry of different molecules into electropermeabilized cells was studied via the numerical resolution of partial differential equations governing the evolution of the molecule concentration. This part of the thesis brings some clues for understanding the experimentally observed different behaviours between the electrotransfer of small and macromolecules
Fagla-Amoussou, Akouavi Balbine. "Etude des interactions polluants aromatiques polycycliques (HAP)-récepteurs adrénergiques-phospholipides membranaires dans le tissu adipeux". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL080N/document.
Testo completoObesity is a disease defined by an accumulation of fat in adipose tissue with adverse consequences for health. The causes of obesity are many.In recent work, there was demonstrated the role of environmental pollution in weight gain.In this work, the assumptions that the adrenergic receptors on the surface of fat cells would home to the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic pollutants have been verified by measurement of several agonists and antagonists specific and non-specific in the presence or absence of benzo[a]pyrene receptors on human cells and Chinese hamster (CHO). The amounts of cAMP obtained showed that PAHs are not deposited on β-receptors, β1, β2, β3 adrenergic receptors.This accumulation occurs at the cytoplasmic membrane phospholipids of the cells. What cau-ses stiffness of the membranes. This observation tends to reinforce the hypothesis that benzo [a]pyrene induce an inhibition of lipolysis by the accumulation in the phospholipid bilayer and conformational changes of the bilayer phospholipids in the vicinity of receptors seven transmembrane domains which are β-adrenergic receptors
Portet, Thomas. "Électroperméabilisation de systèmes modèles". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00528979.
Testo completoBerland, Ludwig. "Etude physique des déformations de membranes induites par la toxine de Shiga". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066134.
Testo completoElias, Marianne. "Microfluidique pour manipuler et étudier des membranes biomimétiques". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30027.
Testo completoThe mechanical properties of the cell's membrane control many biological processes. Giant Unilamellar vesicle (GUV) are an easy approach to reproduce cells membrane. Micropipette aspiration is a well-known technique used to characterize their mechanical properties, though it involves long time experimentation, and huge set up. Here we present a microfluidic platform that reproduce micropipette aspiration especially by its cylindrical trap form. The main advantage is the flexibility in terms of the shape we can fabricate, as well as the multiplexing micropipette, offering high throughput measurements and finally the ability to fabricate the elements composing the micropipette by hundreds at a time. We were able first to characterize simple lipid compositions such as DOPC, POPC and Brain SM, whose bending and stretching moduli are in very good agreement with the values reported in the literature. We also characterized the effect of cholesterol on DOPC membranes: cholesterol does increase the stretching modulus of DOPC membrane but does not affect its bending modulus, making therefore the membrane stiffer. Moreover, we characterized DOPC membrane challenged with co-polymers nanoparticles which are usually used for drug delivery and which showed a softening in the membrane which could be due to the permeation effect of the NP on the membrane. As this method is versatile, by changing the shape of the cylindrical micropipette to a cross section which allows the GUVs to be trapped with a residual flow around it, we were able to have a preliminary characterization of the effect of flow on the membranes' fluidity properties. Finally, we adapted the size of the micropipette in order to characterize the viscoelastic properties of spheroids made of cancer cells. We characterized the viscosity of pancreatic cancer cells and demonstrated that it is independent on the spheroids size