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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 20 febbraio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas"

Logan, VS, PJ Clarke e WG Allaway. "Mycorrhizas and Root Attributes of Plants of Coastal Sand-Dunes of New South Wales". Functional Plant Biology 16, n. 1 (1989): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9890141.

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Root samples of 41 sand-dune plant species in 28 families were collected from sites along the coast of New South Wales during spring 1987. Of the species, 36 had vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas, with vesicles and internal and external hyphae. Among these species there was great variation in the pro- portion of root length colonised by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (from 1 to 96%); in 33 species over 10% of root length was infected. Of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal species, 21 showed arbuscules, and 16 had intracellular hyphal coils. In four plant species mycorrhizas were not found in the single samples examined; ericoid mycorrhizas were present in the remaining species, Leucopogon parviflorus, but its vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal status could not be assessed. The results, though preliminary, may reflect a high vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal status of vegetation of coastal sand-dunes of New South Wales. This would be likely to enhance plant nutrition and sandbinding, and to have implications for sand-dune management.

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Williams, P. G. "Disinfecting vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas". Mycological Research 94, n. 7 (ottobre 1990): 995–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(09)81319-1.

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Koske, R. E., C. F. Friese, P. D. Olexia e R. L. Hauke. "Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas in Equisetum". Transactions of the British Mycological Society 85, n. 2 (settembre 1985): 350–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-1536(85)80202-3.

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Valdes, María. "Aspectos ecofisiológicos de las micorrizas". Botanical Sciences, n. 49 (10 aprile 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1363.

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Mycorrhiza is the part of the roots infected with particular soil fungi. This type of association is formed by most of the plants. There are several types of mycorrhizae; this short review is concerned only with Ectomycorrhiza (EM) and the Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM). These two types are the most common in nature. EM has a compact fungus mantle over the root surface and intercellular hypha in the cortex; the V AM has a loose network of hyphae in the soil surrounding the root and hyphal growth within the cortical cells. Mycorrhizas increase nutrient uptake and hence plant growth. Since mycorrhizas are surrounded by an extensive hyphal network than may extcnd into the soil, this network represents a greater surface area, in other words, mycorrhizas shorten the distance that nutrients must diffuse through the soil to the root and their hyphae increase the volume of soil available to the plant for nutrient uptake. Physiological responses to root colonization with mycorrhizal fungi by most of the plants are dependent on the level of soil fertility and on the degree of mycorrhizal dependency of the plant. Soils having a high fertility have mostly a poor colonization, hence, for plant growth to respond to inoculation, soils must have a low fertility. Mycorrhizal dependency can be very different among plant species; plants with short root hairs are more dependent on mycorrhizal fungi. Most soils contain mycorrhizal fungi and their distribution varies with climatic, edaphic environment and land use. There are differences in effectiveness in colonization and in enhanced nutrient uptake among the fungi.

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Juniper, S., e L. Abbott. "Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas and soil salinity". Mycorrhiza 4, n. 2 (dicembre 1993): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00204058.

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Mcgee, P. "Mycorrhizal Associations of Plant-Species in a Semiarid Community". Australian Journal of Botany 34, n. 5 (1986): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9860585.

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Of 93 species in 37 families occurring in a semiarid open mallee community near Murray Bridge, South Australia, 85 species were mycorrhizal. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas (VAM) were more common than other types of mycorrhizas observed. Genera not previously known to form ectomycorrhizas include Astroloma (Epacridaceae), Comesperma (Polygalaceae), Thysanotus (Asphodelaceae: Liliflorae), Baeckea and Calytrix (Myrtaceae), Dampiera (Goodeniaceae), Podotheca and Toxanthes (Inulae: Asteraceae). Many species were found with both ectomycorrhizas and VAM, with annuals having both VAM and ectomycorrhizas for the whole growing season and perennials usually exhibiting either a predominantly VAM or ectomycorrhizal association. Vesicles were present in plant species not commonly thought of as mycorrhizal hosts.

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Vidican, Roxana, Ioan Rotar, Vlad Stoian e Florin Păcurar. "Influence of Phosphorus and Nitrogen on Mycorrhizas in Winter Wheat". Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 73, n. 2 (30 novembre 2016): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:12397.

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Intraradicular installation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas on the roots acts to amplify growth and to increase potential yield. Extraradicular network of hyphae developed by mycorrhizas acts as an extension of the root in order to access the nutrients located in unexplored areas. The percentage of roots occupied by mycorrhizal hyphae fluctuates heavily under the influence of fertilization. The highest values of the colonization parameters were recorded with a high level of phosphorus fertilization applied as phasial input. High doses of mineral fertilizers with phosphorus applied with seeding favors the development intraradicular hyphal networks in wheat roots.

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Allsopp, N., e W. D. Stock. "Plant Protection Research Institute". Bothalia 23, n. 1 (10 ottobre 1993): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v23i1.794.

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A survey of the mycorrhizal status of plants growing in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa was undertaken to assess the range of mycorrhizal types and their dominance in species characteristic of this region. Records were obtained by examining the root systems of plants growing in three Cape lowland vegetation types, viz. West Coast Strandveld, West Coast Renosterveld and Sand Plain Lowland Fynbos for mycorrhizas, as well as by collating literature records of mycorrhizas on plants growing in the region. The mycorrhizal status of 332 species is listed, of which 251 species are new records. Members of all the important families in this region have been examined. Mycorrhizal status appears to be associated mainly with taxonomic position of the species. Extrapolating from these results, we conclude that 62% of the flora of the Cape Floristic Region form vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas, 23% have no mycorrhizas, 8% are ericoid mycorrhizal, 2% form orchid mycorrhizas, whereas the mycorrhizal status of 4% of the flora is unknown. There were no indigenous ectomycor- rhizal species. The proportion of non-mycorrhizal species is high compared to other ecosystems. In particular, the lack of mycorrhizas in several important perennial families in the Cape Floristic Region is unusual. The diversity of nutrient acquiring adaptations, including the range of mycorrhizas and cluster roots in some non-mycorrhizal families, may promote coexistence of plants in this species-rich region.

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Francis, R., e D. J. Read. "Mutualism and antagonism in the mycorrhizal symbiosis, with special reference to impacts on plant community structure". Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (31 dicembre 1995): 1301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-391.

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Examination of the roots of land plants has revealed the occurrence of mycorrhiza in the majority of species, over 70% of which are hosts to zygomycetous fungi that form vesicular–arbuscular (VA) associations. On the basis of experiments with a small number of host species showing enhancement of growth following colonization, it is widely assumed that wherever mycorrhizas are observed, the symbiosis is of the mutualistic type. The value of definitions based on structural rather than functional attributes is here brought into question by experiments simulating the ecologically realistic circumstance in which seeds germinate in soil in the presence or absence of established VA mycelium. These reveal a spectrum of fungal impacts in which some species respond mutualistically, while others, putative hosts or nonhosts, are antagonised, showing reduction of yield and survivorship and, hence, a loss of fitness relative to plants grown without VA fungi. Antagonised species normally grow in disturbed, open habitats and fail to establish in closed communities. It is hypothesised that their turf incompatibility arises from a sensitivity to interference by VA fungi, which consigns them to ruderal habitats. Mycorrhizal fungi, thus, play a role in defining the ecological niches occupied by plants and in determining of plant community composition. Key words: mycorrhiza, vesicular–arbuscular, mutualism, symbiosis, antagonism, plant community.

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POP MOLDOVAN, Victoria, Roxana VIDICAN, Larisa CORCOZ e Vlad STOIAN. "Highlighting Mycorrhizal Structures in Roots of Zea mays L." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 79, n. 1 (14 maggio 2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:2022.0007.

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Agriculture is one of the key economic activities designed to provide food for a growing population. It is expected that 21st-century agriculture will try to reduce the number of fertilizers by using microorganisms, in this category arbuscular mycorrhizas representing a complex set of benefits for plants and ecosystem services. The aim of this paper is to identify the mycorrhizal structures present in the roots of Zea mays. The objectives of the research are: i) are mycorrhizae natively present in the corn root and have a constant presence from the first stages of plant development? and ii) what kind of colonization pattern is characteristic of these roots? Maize has prominent fasciculate roots, and due to its intense branching capacity provides increased biological support for the establishment of mycorrhizal symbionts. Within the fungal structures highlighted, the most prominent were arbuscules and vesicles. Arum-type arbuscules were mostly observed, Paris-type arbuscules being less common in this species. Vesicles have a low frequency in the root cortex. They are present only in the early stages of plant development. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae are present in the root of the Zea mays plant with a constant presence, without major fluctuations.

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Tesi sul tema "Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas"

Facelli, Evelina. "The role of mycorrhizal symbiosis in plant intraspecific competition and population structure". Title page, Contents and Abstract only, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37773.

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The overall objective of this project was to investigate the effects of the symbiotic association of plants with vesicular - arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the intensity of intraspecific competition and its consequences on population structure I performed four main glasshouse experiments using a non - cultivated species, Rhodanthe chlorocephala ssp rosea, or a cultivated species, Trifolium subterraneum. I grew the plants at different plant densities, under different levels of resources ( phosphorus and / or light ), in environments with homogeneous and / or patchy distribution of phosphorus ( P ). In pots with homogeneous distribution of P, the addition of P to R. chlorocephala and mycorrhizal infection in T. subterraneum increased plant biomass of single plants. However, these beneficial effects were reduced by increasing plant density. Shading of plants of T. subterraneum did not generally alter these effects. Mycorrhizal symbiosis and the addition of P always increased the intensity of plant intraspecific competition. In trays with patchy or homogeneous distribution of P, mycorrhizal infection and patchy distribution of P increased the total biomass and size inequality of populations of plants of T. subterraneum. Individual biomass was determined by the local soil P concentration in patchy environments and by mycorrhizal infection in low density treatments. Mycorrhizal infection, but not patchy P distribution, increased relative competition intensity. Asymmetric or symmetric distribution of resources between plants will change these size hierarchies. The distinction between these two types of distributions has lead to two different models explaining the interaction between competition and size inequality ( degree to which the biomass is concentrated within a small fraction of the population &# 40 Weiner and Thomas 1986 ) ) the resource depletion and resource pre - emption models ( Weiner and Thomas 1986, Weiner 1988b ). In the first model ( resource depletion ) competition reduces the relative growth rate of all the individuals by the same proportion, reduces variance of growth rates and reduces variation in sizes. Thus, in this model resource acquisition is proportional to plant size ( Weiner 1990 ). This model is also called symmetric or two - sided competition and applies when competition for nutrients predominates. It predicts that at high density, plants will be smaller but the population will have less inequality than at low density ( Weiner and Thomas 1986 ). In the second model ( resource pre - emption ), competition increases the variation in relative growth rates and increases variation in sizes. Large plants obtain a more than proportional share of the resources ( relative to sizes ) ( Weiner 1990 ) and this increases their competitive ability which results in a positive feedback on plant size. This phenomenon is also called snowball cumulation, asymmetric or one - sided competition and it was observed only when competition for light was predominant ( Wilson 1988a ). This second model predicts that at high density plant populations will have more inequality than at low density ( Weiner and Thomas 1986 ). Although these two models are generally accepted, alternative analyses and recent experiments show that the degree of asymmetry of the interaction depends on the spatial and temporal distribution of the resource, the spatial distribution of the individuals in the population, neighbourhood competition and the mobility of the resource ( Huston 1986 ; Miller and Weiner 1989, Weiner 1990, Bonan 1991 ). Weiner ( 1990 ) suggested that if nutrients are distributed homogeneously and the uptake is proportional to root size, the competitive interaction will be more symmetric, whereas if patches with more nutrients can be reached by large individuals, asymmetric competition will predominate. This hypothesis has not been tested yet. Turner and Rabinowitz ( 1983 ) found that populations with an initial random spatial distribution of individuals had an unexpected increase in size inequality. My results emphasise that the main effects of mycorrhizas at the individual level cannot be expected to be apparent at the population level, because of the influence of density - dependent processes. However, infected individuals with a strong response to the symbiosis would have an advantage in situations of competition. This scenario can explain the maintenance of the symbiotic ability even under conditions such as dense populations, where there is no obvious advantage of the symbiosis at the population level.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Department of Soil and Water, 1998.

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Sanders, Ian Robert. "Seasonality, specificity and selectivity of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas in grasslands". Thesis, University of York, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280447.

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Sukarno, Nampiah. "Effects of selected fungicides on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis". Title page, contents and summary only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs948.pdf.

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Sancayaningsih, Retno Peni. "Studies of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in Wanagama I Forest Research Center, Yogyakarta, Indonesia". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30315.

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Three studies were conducted on VA mycorrhiza in Wanagama Forest Research Center, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The first was on VA mycorrhizal status of four forest species (Acacia mangium, Acacia holosericea, Tectona grandis, and Swietenia macrophylla) plantations and nurseries of Acacia mangium and Tectona grandis. Samples from the field were only taken during the dry season, June 1988. These four six-year old forestry species were mycorrhizal. Nursery plants had higher VAM colonization than the plantation roots and both Acacia species have higher percent colonization than the other two species. Available phosphorus in calcareous soils is low and seems not to be a major contribution to the variation of VAM colonization. Potassium and sodium were more important in this case even though their role could not be determined in this study. The second study was conducted to determine VAM fungal species associated with the plant species. There were 16 different spore types belonging to the genera Glomus, (the most common found), Sclerocystis, Scutellispora, and probably Acaulospora. Type of inoculum and host compatibility were suggested as important factors in the success of pot culture study. The third study was carried out in a growth chamber to determine Acacia spp. response to single VAM fungal species and mixed species inoculum. Single species inoculum in both Acacia was observed to improve biomass and plant growth better than the mixed inoculum. Acacia mangium performed better with Glomus versiforme than did A. holosericea. Host compatibility, effectiveness of VAM spore inoculant, infectivity and environmental factors have major effects on plant growth responses. Study of tropical VAM requires further basic research, including taxonomy. Experimental procedures such as pot culture technique, type of inoculum, growth media and host plant specificity along with evaluation of appropriate soil chemical analysis also requirefurther elaboration. These types of studies are needed to understand the relationship between VAM and the environment and in the application studies in agriculture and forestry. This information is especially important in tropical countries, where little research results and limited resources, such as for fertilizers, are available.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate

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Sulistyowati, Emy. "Development of molecular probes to distinguish vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi". Title page, Summary and Contents only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09as949.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 71-79. Almost 80 percent of plant taxa develop vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) which are symbiotic associations between plant roots and soil fungi. The fungi are biotropic-obligate symbionts. Identification of VAM fungi is currently based on spore characteristics. Molecular techniques provide tools for better and more accurate identification of species, as well as for the examination of genetic variability occuring between individual spores of a single species.

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McGonigle, T. P. "Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas and plant performance in a semi-natural grassland". Thesis, University of York, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379456.

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Ike-Izundu, Nnenna Esther. "Interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil microbial populations in the rhizosphere". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004021.

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This study examined the rehabilitation potential of AM fungi with organic and inorganic fertilisers under pot and field trial conditions as well as their interaction with rhizospheric organisms and specific functional groups. In addition, the study highlighted the effects of land-use management on AM fungal populations in soil and the mycorrhizal status of some selected plants from one of the study sites. The study focussed on two sites that differ in operational activities and these included a mined area that was to be rehabilitated and a commercial farming site. A pot trial was conducted using an overburdened soil resulting from kaolin clay mining. Pots were seeded with Cynodon dactylon and treated with either Organic Tea or NPK (3:1:5) fertiliser, with or without AM fungal inoculum. The compatibility of these fertilisers with AM fungi was assessed by plant growth and percentage root colonisation. Maximum shoot height and plant biomass were observed at the 28th week with NPK (3:1:5) fertiliser supporting mycorrhizal colonisation by 80%. The result indicated the potential of AM fungi to be used in rehabilitation with minimal phosphate fertiliser. Similarly, a field trial was set-up using 17 x 17 m[superscript 2] plots in the mining site that were treated with the same organic and inorganic fertilisers as well as with AM fungal inoculum in different combinations. The interaction between AM fungi and soil microbial population was determined using culture dependent and culture independent techniques. The culture dependent technique involved the use of soil dilution and plating on general purpose and selective media. The result showed that there was no change in the total culturable bacterial number in the untreated and AM fungal treated plots, while a change in species composition was observed in the functional groups. Different functional groups identified included nitrogen fixing bacteria, pseudomonads, actinomycetes, phosphate solubilisers and the fungal counterparts. Gram-positive bacteria were observed as the predominant phenotypic type, while nitrogen fixers and actinomycetes were the predominant functional groups. Species identified from each functional group were Pseudomonas fulva, Bacillus megaterium, Streptomyces and actinomycetales bacteria. Meanwhile, fungi such as Ampelomyces, Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cephalosporium and Exserohilium were identified morphologically and molecularly. Furthermore, the mining site had a significantly higher bacterial number than the farming site thereby indicating the effects of land-use management on culturable bacterial numbers. The culture independent technique was carried out by cloning of the bacterial 16S rDNA and sequencing. Identified clones were Bradyrhizobium, Propionibacterium and Sporichthya. A cladogram constructed with the nucleotides sequences of identified functional species, clones and closely related nucleotide sequences from the Genbank indicated that nucleotide sequences differed in terms of the method used. The activity and establishment of the introduced AM fungal population was determined by spore enumeration, infectivity assay, percentage root colonisation and assessment of glomalin concentrations. The results indicated that the two land use types affected AM fungal populations. However, the establishment of AM fungi in the farming site was more successful than in the mining site as indicated by the higher infectivity pontential. Selected host plants, which were collected around the mine area, were observed to be mainly colonised by AM fungi and these were identified as Pentzia incana, Elytropappus rhinocerotis, Euphorbia meloformis, Selago corymbosa, Albuca canadensis and Helichrysum rosum. These plant species were able to thrive under harsh environmental conditions, thereby indicating their potential use as rehabilitation host plants. Generally, the findings of this study has provided an insight into the interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and other soil microorganisms in two fields with differing land use management practices.

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Murphy, Phillip James. "Plant-fungal interactions during vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza development : a molecular approach". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm9778.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 153-185. Vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhiza formation is a complex process which is under the genetic control of both plant and fungus. This project aims to develop a model infection system in Hordeum vulgare L. (barley) suitable for molecular analysis; to identify host plant genes differentially expressed during the early stages of the infection process; and to screen a mutant barley population for phenotypes which form abnormal mycorrhizas.

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Curland, Rebecca D. "The effects of plant invasion on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi : a review of how these community dynamics are studied /". Connect to online version, 2009. http://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/45114.

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Cooke, Margaret Anne. "Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae and base cation fertilization in sugar maple (Acer saccharum marsh L.)". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39428.

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Under field conditions, vesicles were the most frequently observed mycorrhizal structures in sugar maple, while greenhouse grown seedlings formed more arbuscules. Seasonal fluctuations of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae existed. Mycorrhizal associations formed within 30 days in the greenhouse. Arbuscules were usually formed from hyphal coils and occasionally from linear hyphae spreading from cell to cell. Degenerating arbuscules were not observed. The addition of basic cations increased the number of vesicles formed and decreased the overall infection rates and seedling growth. The uptake of calcium, magnesium, and nitrogen decreased, and potassium uptake increased as fertilization rates increased. Positive correlations existed between the incidence of arbuscules and plant growth and health and between the incidence of arbuscules and the uptake of calcium, magnesium, nitrogen and phosphorus, and with the uptake ratios and these elements with potassium. This suggests that vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae may in some way be regulating ionic balance in these seedlings.

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Libri sul tema "Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas"

Habte, M. Arbuscular mycorrhizas: Producing and applying arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum. [Honolulu?]: CTAHR, 2001.

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Thangadurai, D. Mycorrhizal biotechnology. Enfield, NH: Science Publishers, 2010.

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Abud, Yazmín Carreón. Hongos micorrízicos arbusculares: Conservación y bioinoculantes. Morelia, Michoacán, México: SEP, Secretaría de Educación Pública, Estados Unidos Mexicanos, 2013.

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Koltai, Hinanit, e Yoram Kapulnik. Arbuscular mycorrhizas: Physiology and function. 2^a ed. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media, 2010.

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Germida, J. J. Growth and nutrition of wheat as affected by interactions between VA mycorrhizae and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): Final report. [Regina, Sask.]: Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food, 1995.

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Harris, J. A. Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal populations in stored topsoil. S.l: s.n, 1987.

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Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit., a cura di. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza management in tropical agrosystems. Eschborn: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), 1991.

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Best, C. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in the revegetation of acid strip mine spoil. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University, 1985.

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Cockrell, J. R. Recolonization of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae on a reclaimed strip mine in North Dakota. S.l: s.n, 1990.

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(Editor), A. K. Sharma, A. K. Shaxena (Editor) e B. N. Johri (Editor), a cura di. Arbuscular Mycorrhizae: Interactions in Plants, Rhizospere, and Soils. Science Publishers, 2002.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas"

Smith, Hilary F., Patrick J. O’Connor, Sally E. Smith e F. Andrew Smith. "Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas of durian and other plants of forest gardens in West Kalimantan, Indonesia". In Soils of Tropical Forest Ecosystems, 192–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03649-5_22.

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Sylvia, David M. "Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi". In SSSA Book Series, 351–78. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.2.c18.

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Srivastava, Deepti, Rupam Kapoor, S. K. Srivastava e K. G. Mukerji. "Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza — an overview". In Concepts in Mycorrhizal Research, 1–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1124-1_1.

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Johnson, Nancy Collins, e F. L. Pfleger. "Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Cultural Stresses". In Mycorrhizae in Sustainable Agriculture, 71–99. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub54.c4.

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Sylvia, David M., e Stephen E. Williams. "Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Environmental Stress". In Mycorrhizae in Sustainable Agriculture, 101–24. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub54.c5.

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Linderman, R. G. "Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (VAM) Fungi". In Plant Relationships Part B, 117–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60647-2_7.

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Dickson, S., e S. E. Smith. "Evaluation of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonisation by Staining". In Mycorrhiza Manual, 77–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60268-9_5.

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Sanderss, I. R., R. T. Koide e D. L. Shumway. "Community-Level Interactions Between Plants and Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi". In Mycorrhiza, 607–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08897-5_26.

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Sharmila, P., Jos T. Puthur e P. Pardha Saradhi. "Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Improves Establishment of Micropropagated Plants". In Mycorrhizal Biology, 235–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4265-0_15.

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Linderman, R. G. "Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Soil Microbial Interactions". In Mycorrhizae in Sustainable Agriculture, 45–70. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub54.c3.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas"

Trizayuni, Riskia, W. Warnita e A. Ardi. "Growth Responses of Watermelon (Citrullus Vulgaris L.) to Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Application and Pruning Variation on Peat Soil Growing Media". In International Conference on Sustainable Environment, Agriculture and Tourism (ICOSEAT 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-086-2_25.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas"

Haas, Jerry H., John A. Menge e James Krikun. Utilization of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in Crop Production. United States Department of Agriculture, agosto 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1986.7566726.bard.

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Phillips, Donald, e Yoram Kapulnik. Using Flavonoids to Control in vitro Development of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613012.bard.

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Abstract (sommario):

Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and other beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms, such as Rhizobium bacteria, must locate and infect a host plant before either symbiont profits. Although benefits of the VAM association for increased phosphorous uptake have been widely documented, attempts to improve the fungus and to produce agronomically useful amounts of inoculum have failed due to a lack of in vitro production methods. This project was designed to extend our prior observation that the alfalfa flavonoid quercetin promoted spore germination and hyphal growth of VAM fungi in the absence of a host plant. On the Israeli side of the project, a detailed examination of changes in flavonoids and flavonoid-biosynthetic enzymes during the early stages of VAM development in alfalfa found that VAM fungi elicited and then suppressed transcription of a plant gene coding for chalcone isomerase, which normally is associated with pathogenic infections. US workers collaborated in the identification of flavonoid compounds that appeared during VAM development. On the US side, an in vitro system for testing the effects of plant compounds on fungal spore germination and hyphal growth was developed for use, and intensive analyses of natural products released from alfalfa seedlings grown in the presence and absence of microorganisms were conducted. Two betaines, trigonelline and stachydrine, were identified as being released from alfalfa seeds in much higher concentrations than flavonoids, and these compounds functioned as transcriptional signals to another alfalfa microsymbiont, Rhizobium meliloti. However, these betaines had no effect on VAM spore germination or hyphal growth i vitro. Experiments showed that symbiotic bacteria elicited exudation of the isoflavonoids medicarpin and coumestrol from legume roots, but neither compound promoted growth or germination of VAM fungi in vitro. Attempts to look directly in alfalfa rhizosphere soil for microbiologically active plant products measured a gradient of nod-gene-inducing activity in R. meliloti, but no novel compounds were identified for testing in the VAM fungal system in vitro. Israeli field experiments on agricultural applications of VAM were very successful and developed methods for using VAM to overcome stunting in peanuts and garlic grown in Israel. In addition, deleterious effects of soil solarization on growth of onion, carrot and wheat were linked to effects on VAM fungi. A collaborative combination of basic and applied approaches toward enhancing the agronomic benefits of VAM asociations produced new knowledge on symbiotic biology and successful methods for using VAM inocula under field conditions

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