Tesi: "Vermonter"

1

Grove, Angela Nicole. "Thomas Johnson: Gentleman, Vermonter, Patriot". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/403.

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This thesis is a micro-history of the formation of the various identities that shaped the Revolutionary War experiences of one eighteenth-century Vermonter (Thomas Johnson) whose life is documented in a manuscript collection at the Vermont Historical Society. I break down Johnson's identities into three levels: social class, state, and national. My argument is that what it meant to be a provincial gentleman, to be a Vermonter, and to be an American were still being constructed at the time of the Revolution and were therefore in a state of flux. The fluid nature of these identities shows us how America's founding fathers' generation was full of ambiguity and a multiplicity choices. The first section of my thesis analyzes how Johnson's identity as a gentleman officer influenced his experience as a prisoner-of-war. I argue that Johnson's identity as an American patriot and his role as a double-agent can only be understood in relation to his conflicted identity as a provincial gentleman. The second section, on the identity of Vermont in the context of a new American nation, starts with historical background on the formation of Vermont first as part of New Hampshire, then as part of New York, and, finally, in negotiations with the British in Canada to rejoin the British empire, with which Johnson participated. In this section I argue that the shifting identities of colonial and revolutionary Vermont provided a backdrop of fluidity and change, as well as animosities between eastern and western residents, which influenced the identities of individual Vermonters during the war, including Thomas Johnson. For the national level, I look at how European Americans had divided loyalties during the war, with an emphasis on the Revolution as a civil war. My thesis departs from most historiography on the Revolution as a civil war, though, by examining it as a war with gray area - not just black and white, or Patriots versus Loyalists. I use this analysis to examine how Johnson's community was divided and why Johnson's neighbors reacted so diversely to the possibility that he was working with the British. In a last and brief section of my thesis, I look at how Johnson has been memorialized in his town's history, and how doubts of his American loyalty have all but disappeared over time, regardless of the intense debates they provoked during his lifetime. I aim to show that despite the consensus view that has shaped much of the historical memory of the American Revolution, the actual process of revolution was full of disorientation and turbulence.

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2

Houston, David. "Rethinking marriage : Vermont's Civil Union Bill". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32917.

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On April 26, 2000, Governor Howard Dean of the State of Vermont signed into law the Civil Union bill. The first of its kind in the United States, it extended the rights of marriage to same-sex couples. Holding that the rights of homosexual couples flowed from the Common Benefits clause of the State Constitution, this bill was the result of a contentious judicial and legislative process. Preceding as it did the state and national election contests later in the year, the Civil Union law generated anger, discord, elation and fear. In the year following its passage, Vermonters came to terms with this bill in many ways. This study considers the antecedents and the consequences of this bill.

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3

Morgan, Annabelle. "Student Mobility in Vermont Schools:". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2008. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/156.

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This dissertation project researched sudent mobility-- school changes not due to customary promotion-- and its educational correlates, for students and schools in Vermont. Student mobility research in other states has found that the majority of these students are disadvantaged youth from low-income families, and they lag behind their peers academically. Academic consequences of student mobility affect not only students, but also their schools since NCLBA implementation sanctions influence school enrollments by increasing student transfers. The need for information about rural student mobility during early NCLBA implementation is significant in predominantly rural Vermont. This was the first statewide study of outcomes of mobility for students and schools in a rural state. Three basic research questions were: (a) What is the incidence of mobility among Vermont students and schools? (b) What is the impact of mobility, i.e., how does the incidence of mobility vary according to educational correlates for students and schools? (c) What do multilevel analytical models reveal about variation in mobility from student and school perspectives that may be useful for educational policy and practice? To address these questions, the study analyzed data for Vermont public school students, grades 1 through 12, during school years 1999-2004. Data sources included: (a) the Vermont Department of Education Student Census and Demographic Update; (b) student New Standards Reference Examination English Language Arts and Mathematics tests, grades 4, 8, and 10; (c) Vermont School Report indicators, and (d) NCES-US Census public school location information. In-depth cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of mobility, performance, sociodemographic, and educational correlates revealed significant and disturbing relationships that merit policy and prevention follow-up programming. School-level mobility incidence indicated that while in-migration was 20% on average, over 30% of the schools experienced much higher rates, mirroring urban-based mobility incidence. Academically, mobile students performed 3-10 percentile ranks lower than their stable counterparts did across grade levels and content areas on standardized tests, for longitudinal cohorts as well as cross-sectional grade groups. Risk factor analyses revealed that mobile students, relative to their stable peers, were (a) more likely to participate in free or reduced lunch programs at school, (b) less likely to have a 504 plan in place, (c) more likely to have kept a writing portfolio for 0-1 years (versus 2-5 years), (d) more likely to have kept a mathematics portfolio 0-1 years (versus 2-5 years), and (e) more likely to not meet the standard on mathematics performance tests. Hierarchical generalized nonlinear modeling analyses indicated that between 8% and 32% of the variation in student mobility was attributable to school-level composition and resources. This project aimed to benefit the Vermont educational community in several ways. Analytical methodology will provide the framework for developing a longitudinal monitoring system with mobility incidence, impact, and relevant educational information. Information from analytical results will inform a case study during spring 2005 to address student mobility by raising public awareness of associated issues that affect not only the students and their families, but also classrooms, schools and communities.

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4

Onderwyzer, Susan. "Vermont Incarcerated Womens’ Initiative Drug Education". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2011. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/173.

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The Vermont Agency of Human Services Incarcerated Women’s Initiative (IWI), constituted in April of 2005, was instrumental in supporting the development and implementation of a pilot project, which encompassed three communities in Vermont. The Pilot programs aimed to reduce and prevent incarceration of women whose criminogenic problems were related to their substance use and abuse. These innovative projects are the subject of this mixed methods evaluative study – to determine the extent to which involvement in this project changed the behaviors leading to incarceration and in effect, succeeded in reducing incarceration and further involvement with the criminal justice system. Qualitative data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with former program participants and staff of the projects. Descriptive data was collected through quarterly reports from the project managers to the Vermont Department of Health, Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Programs, the funding agency, and the Vermont Department of Corrections. Each of the sites were compared and contrasted to tell the stories of the women who participated, and to gather the wisdom of the people who worked with them. The outcomes of the study supported the continued utilization of the key strategies of the Drug Education, Treatment, Enforcement and Rehabilitation (DETER) projects in facilitating greater engagement and retention in treatment, and reducing further incarceration in the study subjects. Recommendations for policy change include greater access statewide to Dedicated Case Management, Collaborative Inter-disciplinary Team Planning, and Wrap-Around Services for women offenders.

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5

Gates, Jeremy M. 1975. "Revealing Burlington : Vermont architecture on the edge". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30229.

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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [44]-[45]).
This project explores building in the most urban environment of a state that identifies with its ruralness. The site, located at the top of a steep bluff in Burlington at the edge between the city's downtown core and its waterfront, calls for a response to the urban forces that are present. Creating a connection between the city and the waterfront, and responding to the city grid, the shape of the land, and the adjacent park were central goals of the project. With these objectives in place, I looked to rural sources to establish a set of criteria for judging the architectural design moves. I began by looking at the rural typology of the barn for its simple and continuous membrane, use of materials that record the building's age, structure that is completely revealed and inhabited, the purely functional plan, and the way it addresses the landscape. The project later drew upon other aspects of 'Vermontness' such as the steeple as a marker in the landscape and the quarry's geometric cuts in the earth. The design uses these criteria together with the site specific urban objectives to create a project that both embodies the identity of the state of Vermont and reveals important aspects of the city and the site.
by Jeremy M. Gates.
M.Arch.

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6

Harboe, Peter Thomas McIlvaine. "A new town hall for Norwich, Vermont". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74965.

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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1988.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 73).
... the public building is not an abstract symbol, but partakes in daily life, which relates to what is timeless and common. The objective of this thesis was to design a new town hall for Norwich, Vermont. The design approach was based on the thought that one can successfully design a building for a diverse and changing group of people that embodies some shared conception of what their town is and what it will be. It was developed in a way that tried to reflect Norwich's unique physical characteristics, way of life, and manner of governance, while incorporating the author's desire to make an architectural statement that synthesizes local traditions and modem techniques. The actual form of the building was further influenced by its prominent corner site, the programmatic requirements, and the organizational relationships of the various parts.
by Peter Thomas McIlvaine Harboe.
M.Arch.

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7

Tarmy, Margaret. "Breastfeeding Experiences of Teenage Mothers in Vermont". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2008. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/227.

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ABSTRACT Despite efforts to establish national objectives, legislation, policy statements, advertisement campaigns and other initiatives to promote and support breastfeeding, segments of the population who are lower-income, less educated, and younger than twenty five are least likely to initiate and sustain breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning of the lived breastfeeding experiences. The qualitative method of phenomenology was chosen to guide in-depth interviews with five women who were 18 or 19 years old and enrolled in the Nutrition Education and Supplemental Nutritional Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) while breastfeeding. Analysis revealed the essential structure of the breastfeeding experience to include three elements: deciding to breastfeed, the breastfeeding experience, and outcomes of the experience. Women formulated their perceptions of breastfeeding through past experiences, identified reasons to choose this feeding method and were supported to breastfeed. The experiences of learning how to breastfeed, coping with challenges and the support they received to continue breastfeeding impacted their experience. All of the women in this study used breast pumps for different reasons and had varying success. Women in this study had a range of comfort levels breastfeeding in front of other people. Emotionally, women experienced stress, frustration, insecurity, self sacrifice, but also felt empowered to learned how to breastfeed. Being the soul source of their infant’s nutritional needs made them feel special and contributed to the close bond they developed with their child. Paradoxical feelings regarding the joys and difficulties of breastfeeding are also experienced by adult women. However, adolescents may be more susceptible to the intensity of the breastfeeding relationship because of other developmental transitions they are undergoing, making adaptation into motherhood more difficult. Overall, women felt that hardships experienced were well worth the benefits. Implications for nursing and public health practice include promoting awareness of breastfeeding through legislation to support women’s right to breastfeed, celebrating breastfeeding publicly, and fostering breastfeeding friendly workplaces. Women should receive anticipatory guidance about what to expect with breastfeeding, how to manage physical and emotional challenges, be educated on ways to minimize embarrassment, and be informed of the availability and use of breast pumps. Young women who have had breastfeeding experiences and desire being role models for other young women should be incorporated into teen pregnancy programs to talk with pregnant adolescents about the breastfeeding experience.

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8

Gardner, Eric Jesse. "Microstructural and crystallographic fabric analysis of stretched-pebble conglomerates in central Vermont". Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12162009-020350/.

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9

Schattman, Rachel. "Sustainability Indicators in the Vermont-Regional Food System". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2009. http://library.uvm.edu/dspace/bitstream/123456789/217/1/Schattman%20Thesis.pdf.

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10

Evans, K. A. "Acadian metamorphic fluid flow in East-Central Vermont". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598864.

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The timing, geometry, compositions and volumes of fluid fluxes associated with metamorphism of carbonates and pelites from east-central Vermont during the Acadian orogeny (380 Ma ago) are determined using petrological observations, calculation of petrogenetic grids, time-integrated flux calculations and construction of strontium isotope profiles across carbonate horizons. Qualitative petrological observations suggest flow to have been largely layer-parallel and focussed along permeability contrasts such as carbonate/pelite boundaries. Vein-deformation relationships constrain timing, implying that fluid flow occurred to some degree throughout the metamorphic event, but that the majority of mineral reaction driven by fluid flow occurred to the thermal peak of metamorphism. Textures also record both pre- and post- metamorphic events. Carbon distribution and isotope values may indicate that carbon deposition occurred in certain locations in response to the mixing of fluids of different compositions. Pseudosections based on the petrogenetic grid constructed in the system KCaNaFMASCH predict observed sequences of assemblages and reactions. Calculations studying the effect of alkali metal metasomatism on assemblages show that increasing potassium content stabilises biotite over amphibole at high temperatures, while addition of sodium stabilises plagioclase at the expense of all other phases, particularly chlorite and muscovite. Detailed temperature - X CO₂ work on four outcrops identifies gradients in fluid composition across carbonate bands on < 1m scales at biotite grade and on 5 -15 m scales at kyanite grade. Time-integrated fluid flux calculations, performed using an expression derived from the mass-continuity equation for this study, show that observed reaction progress could have been driven by fluid fluxes between 10⁴ moles m^-2 if flow was layer-perpendicular and 10⁸ moles m^-2 if flow was layer-parallel. Fluid release was continuous but varied in rate by up to two orders of magnitude, with the bulk of reaction and fluid release occurring over small (5-10°C) temperature intervals.

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11

Maslan, Noah Terrell 1974. "Realizing sustainability : implementing a vision in Burlington, Vermont". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/31100.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [97]-102).
Sprawling growth patterns have characterized the spatial development of cities in the United States since the advent of the automobile. Extensive research has shown that low-density, haphazard development (a.k.a. sprawl) causes numerous deleterious impacts on communities. Communities are beginning to recognize the consequences of sprawling development patterns and wish to shift those patterns to more sustainable land-use, economics, ecologies, human settlements, and human relationships. Although efforts at all levels are being made to slow down sprawl, low-density suburbs are built in place of new development or redevelopment near existing infrastructure in central cities. Even in rural Vermont, sprawl threatens the unique village centers surrounded by breathtaking working landscapes that Vermonters cherish and visitors flock to. Burlington, Vermont recognizes that sprawl is degrading the natural landscape. As part of a promulgated vision of sustainability in municipal plans, Burlington accepts their role as a regional growth center. Compact mixed-use development patterns are identified as the type of urban form commensurate with curbing sprawl. Burlington designated certain growth centers within the city and is attempting to increase density in those areas. This thesis explores the types of local land-use tools Burlington is uses to focus development in designated parts of the city, as one aspect of a sustainable growth strategy. The case study reveals that residents oppose higher density projects due to a perceived threat to their pervading quality of life. However, people do not have an innate awareness and understanding of what design elements contribute to the quality of their built environment. Since urban design and architecture determine the quality and character of compact development and compact development is essential to curb sprawl, then good urban design and architecture are critical components in curbing sprawl. In order for higher density projects to gain acceptance, the methods of analysis used for development review need to shift to more qualitative measures based on the type of site design and architectural features that communities prefer.
by Noah Terrell Maslan.
M.C.P.

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12

Irwin, Emily. "Labor on Vermont Dairy Farms: A Producer Perspective". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/968.

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To compete with larger, more efficient dairy farms, build resilience against increasingly volatile milk prices, and increase farm income, farms in traditional dairy states such as New York, Wisconsin, and Vermont, have been forced to expand their herds and increase production. Many dairy farmers do not have formal training in human resources management, and find the transition to a larger, non-family workforce to be challenging. In addition, farmers who have transitioned to a primarily Latinx workforce also face considerable cultural and language barriers. The quality of human resource management can have a significant impact on a farm business, and evidence suggests that intentional human resource management can result in healthier cows, higher profits, and lower employee turnover (Billikopf & Gonzalez, 2012; Erskine, Martinez, & Contreras, 2015; Stup, 2006). This thesis explores two essential components of human resource management on dairy farms: the employer-employee relationship, and the components of a competitive wage and non-wage benefit package. Both articles rely upon thirty surveys conducted in Addison County, Vermont, from December 2017 to January 2018. In the first article, using the qualitative data collected in the survey, I apply the concept of precarious employment to the employer-employee relationship on dairy farms in Addison County. Although I discover some evidence of precarity, I also find examples of worker control over working conditions, specifically regarding worker recruitment, termination, wage rates, and hours. In the second article, I use the quantitative data we collected regarding wages, and the estimates provided by farmers for the value of the non-wage benefits offered to employees, to outline the structure of a typical compensation package for Addison County dairy employees. I find that that more than half of employers provide Latinx employees with housing, utilities, internet, satellite TV, a bonus, transportation, farm products, and vacation time. In terms of non-wage benefits offered to U.S. workers, more than half of employers provide housing, utilities, a bonus, farm products, sick time, and vacation time. I also find that including the producer-estimated value of the typical non-wage benefits offered to employees, the median total hourly compensation for Latinx workers is $12.62. American dairy workers in Addison County earn a median total hourly compensation with a range of $21.32 to $24.02. I end with a discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of our research. I also include a few recommendations for future research.

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13

Mason, Rachel. "Modeling Agricultural Outcomes in a Warmer, Wetter Vermont". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1034.

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This thesis aimed to model agricultural outcomes that are important to Vermont dairy farms and their surrounding communities -- runoff, erosion, nitrogen and phosphorus losses, crop yields, and timeliness of farm operations -- under a set of possible future climates. The Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model was used for this work, and the models were calibrated using data from a project that measured most of these outcomes on a set of local farms. The model setup and calibration methodology is thoroughly documented and may be a useful starting point for others who are new to agricultural modeling. Applied to two farms growing continuous corn, the future climate simulations showed that increasing temperatures by 2 C, combined with raising total precipitation or changing the seasonality of precipitation, had little effect on any outcome. Intense rainfall has increased greatly in recent decades, so a combination of higher temperatures and more intense precipitation was also simulated. This led to more runoff, more soil loss, and more nutrient losses. While median values were only modestly increased, the 95%-ile and total losses over the simulation period increased by a larger amount (as much as 53%, depending on the site). Management practices that can reduce runoff and soil/nutrient loss exist, but their effectiveness when a higher fraction of losses occur in large events is not well known. Crop yields changed by <10% in all simulations, and in some cases increased slightly. Other studies have warned of decreases in yields because of high summer temperatures and droughts. The pilot simulations in this thesis probed only a limited range of climate parameter space, so running the models for a wider range of scenarios may illuminate the circumstances in which particularly harmful and beneficial outcomes occur. Finally, APEX can in principle calculate the delays to corn planting that are expected if climate change leads to wetter conditions in the spring. However, the models consistently predicted that only harvest operations will be delayed. The reasons for this are not well understood, and it may be a useful avenue for future work. The present work is limited in a number of ways. Chief among these are somewhat mediocre model performance, and the narrow range of farming systems and climate scenarios investigated. Statistics describing the performance of the calibrated models were poorer than anticipated, and satisfactory results could not be obtained for some nutrient loss pathways. Only two farms were modeled, in just four hypothetical future climates; results for other relevant farming systems and climates may be quite different. Nonetheless, it is hoped that this thesis serves as a useful illustration of the potential and limitations of utilizing the APEX model in this context, and that it lays the groundwork for a more extensive investigation of agricultural outcomes under climate change in Vermont.

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14

Piche, Emily Page. "Ecosystem Function Along an Elevational Gradient in Vermont". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1117.

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Living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) factors drive the function of ecosystems across a variety of scales from the root-soil interface to the watershed. Biotic and abiotic global change pressures such as increasing temperature and invasive species are shifting how ecosystems function. Thus, exploring and understanding how these factors shape function across the landscape is an important research area. For example, climate change both directly and indirectly affects soil microbial functions – such as carbon mineralization and nitrogen transformations – through increasing activity under warming and altering inputs to the soil through species composition changes. Mountains provide a useful tool for studying relationships among biotic and abiotic factors because climate and species diversity shift along gradients. Here, I measured carbon and nitrogen soil processes as well as microbial extracellular enzyme activity along an elevational gradient to explore how changes in climate, edaphic properties, and biotic composition affects ecosystem function. As expected, climate and species composition varied in predictable ways along the gradient – actual evapotranspiration declined, and conifer dominance increased. Soil functions also shifted along the gradient. Potential carbon mineralization increased with elevation and with conifer dominance. Potential nitrogen mineralization rates increased with elevation and with conifer dominance. Surprisingly, there were few predictors for potential soil nitrification, which increased only with soil functional diversity. While temperature and moisture availability drive ecosystem function at broad scales and biotic factors typically drive function at the regional scale, we saw that function of soils at the mountain watershed scale was best explained by a combination of both abiotic and biotic factors.

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15

Martin, Michael Steven. "Vermont's Sacred Cow: A Case Study of Local Control of Schools". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/737.

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ABSTRACT When it comes to school governance, the concept of "local control" endures as a powerful social construct in some regions of the United States. In New England states, where traditional town meetings and small school districts still exist as important local institutions, the idea of local control is still an important element of policy considerations, despite increasing state and federal regulation of education in recent years. With its small school districts and myriad governance structures, Vermont represents an extreme case example of the intersection between participatory democracy and the local control of schools. With nearly 285 school boards composed of over 1,400 school board members for a statewide k-12 population of just over 88,000 students, Vermont has the most board members per pupil in the nation. In addition, the state's patchwork of local districts, supervisory unions, unified districts, and other governance entities make up the most complex school governance system in the country. Following the passage of Act 46 in 2015, Vermont school districts began new voluntary merger negotiations and restructuring through the process known as "unification". This qualitative case study of Vermont school governance examined the question of local control as a social construct across four school districts which, taken together, represent a range of attributes as defined by geography, demographics, and governance structures. Extended structured interviews comprised of image-based prompts and open-ended questions with 19 school board members provided the principal source of data. A review of state and local documents and interviews with 11 superintendents and policymakers allowed for triangulation of the data. Results suggested these principal findings: 1) multiple meanings of local control coexist, 2) statutory requirements and limited local resources curtail the exercise of local control in practice, and 3) school boards are starting to take a broader view of governance by emphasizing stewardship over micromanagement and redefining local communities beyond town boundaries.

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16

Vigil, Kathryn Irene. "The association between physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and physical pain a comparison of psychiatric patients in Ontario, Canada and Burlington, Vermont : a project based upon an investigation at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont /". Click here for text online. Smith College School for Social Work website, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/1021.

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Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2007
Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Social Work. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-62).

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17

Watson, Keri B. "Conservation of Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity in Vermont, USA". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/822.

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Supporting a growing human population while avoiding biodiversity loss is a central challenge towards a sustainable future. Ecosystem services are benefits that people derive from nature. People have drastically altered the earth’s land surface in the pursuit of those ecosystem services that have been ascribed market value, while at the same time eroding biodiversity and non-market ecosystem services. The science required to inform a more balanced vision for land-cover change in the future is rapidly developing, but critical questions remain unanswered regarding how to quantify ecosystem services and ascribe value to them, and how to coordinate efforts to safeguard multiple ecosystem services and biodiversity together. This dissertation addresses several of these challenges using Vermont as a model landscape. Specifically, we begin by estimating the economic value of flood mitigation ecosystem services and show that the externalized value of ecosystem services can be quite high. Second, we assess the role of demand from human beneficiaries in shifting the spatial distribution of ecosystem services, and address the biodiversity and human wellbeing implications of that shift. Third we analyze the tradeoffs and synergies inherent in pursing multiple ecosystem services and biodiversity through conservation, and show that overall ecosystem service conservation is more likely to boost biodiversity outcomes than to undermine them. Finally, I implement statewide scenarios of land-cover change and flood risk in order to assess our ability to quantify ecosystem service outcomes and identify spatial priorities for the future despite land-cover change dynamics that are complex and unpredictable.

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18

Bibeau, Susan E. "The Story of a Nineteenth Century Vermont Mining Town". Thesis, Dartmouth College, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10144600.

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Images that come to mind when one thinks of the bucolic state of Vermont are not likely to include those of a mining landscape. These are reserved for the coalfields of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Kentucky, and perhaps the mining ghost towns of the American West. It is not surprising then that the discovery of substantial veins of copper in Orange County was to have dramatic impacts on not only the landscape of Vermont, but also its inhabitants. And in spite of the fits and starts of Vermont’s copper industry, it owns a significant place in history.

Throughout the second half of the nineteenth century, no fewer than five copper mines were in operation in Orange County. The Ely Mine, located in the southeast corner of Vershire, became one of the most productive copper mines in the United States. At one point employing over 800 miners and laborers, most of whom were Cornish and Irish immigrants, the Ely Mine spawned the creation of a boomtown consisting of over 150 buildings and dwellings. Following one of the earliest labor strikes of the era, the mine closed and, within two decades, the town of Copperfield completely disappeared.

This thesis is an historical narrative that tells the story of the Ely Mine, its boomtown, and particularly its miners by weaving together primary resource material such as United States Federal Census and immigration records, letters, and historical photographs, newspaper articles, and maps.

Copperfield is a story of perseverance and tenacity not only on the part of entrepreneurs and businessmen, but also — and most importantly — on the part of the hundreds of immigrant miners who passed through the Orange County copper mines. Without the contributions of these “ordinary” people, there would be no story to tell.

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19

Gallagher, Katherine. "Measuring Comprehensive Wellbeing In Vermont: An Applied Economics Perspective". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2020. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1179.

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While human “wellbeing” has historically been measured by economic growth, traditional metrics do not fit the challenges of the 21st century. Increasingly, decision-makers are adopting new guiding frameworks that encompass a more holistic understanding of wellbeing and progress including concepts such as ecological health and subjective wellbeing. Yet, the development processes and implementation challenges faced by these initiatives - as well as the opportunities for advancement - remain relatively unexamined for state and regional communities. This research considers the implementation and potential of existing wellbeing indicator systems in Vermont. With limited research on wellbeing measurement at the state or local level, this thesis provides novel insight using the state of Vermont as a case study. A better understanding of specific measurement tools, public and political interest in data collection, and shared experiences can help to fill the current gap in the literature and provide useful information for decision-makers. The first article contains a case study analysis of four wellbeing indices at the regional and state level in Vermont: the Vermont Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), the Vermont Happiness Index, the Chittenden County Environment, Community, Opportunity and Sustainability (ECOS) project, and Vermont Act 186 (the “Outcomes Bill”). The case studies provide contextual background describing the impetus and development of each wellbeing initiative. The similarities, differences, and connections between each case study are further examined based on a general program theory of wellbeing measurement. The second article narrows in on one specific wellbeing index: the 2017 Vermont Happiness Index, a representative statewide survey of subjective wellbeing. The Index is composed of eleven domains of wellbeing, with each domain as an aggregation of 3 or more Likert-scale questions. The survey results are analyzed through statistical testing and recommendations for future research are provided.

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20

Cromwell, Morgan. "Evaluation of Alternative Fungicides for Organic Apple Production in Vermont". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2009. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/61.

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A major challenge in organic apple production in Vermont is the available fungicide options for apple scab management. The standard lime sulfur/sulfur fungicide program used can be injurious to the applicator, the apple ecosystem, and the apple tree itself. Because of these drawbacks of the standard program it is necessary to evaluate potential alternative fungicides for organic apple production. The objectives of this study were to: (i) compare the efficiency of potassium bicarbonate, neem oil, and Bacillus subtilis to a standard organic lime sulfur/sulfur fungicide program and a non-sprayed treatment for control of apple scab and other fungal diseases; (ii) evaluate potential non-target impacts of these fungicides on pest and beneficial insect populations; and (iii) conduct a preliminary experiment evaluating the potential of raw milk as a fungicide in organic apple production in Vermont. Five treatments (potassium bicarbonate, neem oil, Bacillus subtilis, lime sulfur/sulfur, and a non-sprayed treatment) were applied to „Empire‟ trees arranged in a completely randomized design with five single-tree replications at the University of Vermont Horticultural Research Center in South Burlington, VT. Fungicides were applied with a handgun to drip, using maximum label rates. Applications began on 26 April 2007 and 23 April 2008 and continued on approximately a weekly schedule through the end of June and then every two weeks through 23 July 2007 and 17 July 2008, respectively. Data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and significance between means was determined by Fisher‟s Protected LSD Test (P ≤ 0.05). None of the alternatives managed disease as well as the standard lime sulfur/sulfur fungicide program. The neem oil treatment showed more activity against apple diseases than the other alternative fungicides. Both the lime sulfur/sulfur and neem oil treatments had disadvantages, including phytotoxic burning and/or significantly more russetting on the fruit at harvest. The neem oil treatment had significantly more fruit clean of insect damage than the other alternatives and the non-sprayed treatment in 2007 and more than all treatments in 2008, which is attributable to its insecticidal properties. However, the insect management from the neem oil treatment was not commercially acceptable. The overall quality of the fruit was not at commercially acceptable levels. No treatment had above 40% of the harvested fruit placed in marketable grades. This research shows that potassium bicarbonate, Bacillus subtilis, and neem oil do not offer substantial advantages over the standard lime sulfur/sulfur fungicide program in organic apple production in Vermont. In a preliminary study at the University of Vermont Horticultural Research Center, the efficiency of a 30% v/v raw milk dilution was compared to a non-sprayed treatment. Treatments were applied to „McIntosh‟ trees in a completely randomized design with three single-tree replications. Milk applications were made on approximately a weekly schedule from 26 Apr 2007 to the end of June and every two weeks through 23 Jul 2007. Overall, milk did not provide management of disease and caused premature leaf yellowing and defoliation of the apple trees.

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21

DiStefano, Rachel Anne. "Makers and mongers: Exploring social networks of Vermont artisan cheese". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2014. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/497.

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Vermont is widely-regarded as a hub for artisan cheese production, with more cheesemakers per capita than any other US state. Despite significant local and statewide support, out-of-state markets are essential to the long-term success of these small-scale producers. In spatially extended supply chains, retailers occupy a pivotal position. This thesis aims to examine the intermediary role of retailers in building social networks between producers and consumers. Consumers appreciate Vermont artisan cheese, in part, because it is embedded in a complex network of social values and relations related to where and how it is produced. Guided by social theories of consumption, sensory experience, and exchange, a transdisciplinary, mixed-methods study was conducted in order to better understand cheese retailers' role in this network. First, participant observation and ethnographic interviews at a specialty cheese shop demonstrated how highly specialized cheese retail professionals (known as a cheesemongers) communicate social information about Vermont artisan cheese to consumers in practice. Specialized narratives are transmitted to consumers through in-store signage and social interactions. These stories also involve the cheesemonger as traveler, developing specialized knowledge of Vermont artisan cheese by traveling to the place of production. A second site of participant observation at a national conference for artisan cheese professionals added breadth to the study. While cheesemongers appear to agree that a certain level of intrinsic quality is necessary for consumer acceptance and preference, many also see the importance of, and derive pleasure from, knowing and conveying the social story, and perceive this to be an important part of their professional role and identity. Second, social network analysis provided a broader examination of relationships between Vermont artisan cheesemakers and retailers in the region. In order to collect data on these relationships, an online survey was distributed to Vermont artisan cheesemakers and follow-up phone calls were conducted. A combination of statistical and network analyses was used to visualize the social structure of the network, identify key actors, and examine qualities of the relationships. The findings suggest that the social network for Vermont artisan cheese is a multiplex system, in which a cheesemaker's relative position in the network is the result of a complex balance--and sometimes compromise--between a cheesemaker's needs, goals, and desires and their various retailers' needs, goals, and desires. Moreover, geographic proximity, time, experience, convenience, cost, history, loyalty, and regard all appear to be important factors in the type of relationship cheesemakers have with retailers, and whether a relationship is established at all.

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22

Sawyer, Scott. "The politics of reliability a sociological examination of the State of Vermont's response to peak oil & climate change /". Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2007/S_Sawyer_112007.pdf.

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23

Niu, Lijie. "Arsenic Distribution and Speciation in Antigorite-Rich Rocks from Vermont, USA". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20204.

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Summary Serpentinites from the northern Vermont were examined for the distribution and abundance of As. XRD and electron microprobe showed the samples are composed of antigorite, chromite, magnetite, and carbonate minerals (magnesite, dolomite, calcite). The concentration in As when the samples were dissolved in H3PO4 was 10% of the concentration in As when the samples were dissolved in concentrated HF/HNO3, suggesting that As is mainly incorporated in the structure of antigorite. X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra showed that the As is As(III) in the samples. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra suggested that the As has a tetrahedral coordination and is located in the Si-site in serpentine.

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24

Pitkin, William R. IV. "Wind Energy Opposition in Vermont: Perspectives on the State's Energy Future". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/78.

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Due to its high levels of concern and awareness of environmental issues, rural character, and sparse population, Vermont would at first glance appear to possess the ideal recipe to become a national leader in renewable energy development. Renewable initiatives have focused primarily on wind energy, as over a dozen wind farms have been proposed in the last few years across the state. However, in spite of the widely held belief in Vermont’s wind energy future, its proponents have run into vehement opposition at every proposed site, often successfully impeding the planned developments. This report develops a wide-level framework of the motivations of and complaints presented by wind opposition groups around the state, followed by an analysis of opposition strategies commonly employed. These are contrasted with the tactics used by wind developers and their supporters to remediate or overcome this opposition. Next, this essay will offer a view of the state and local institutional settings in which these battles take place, and finally conclude with a brief analysis of various alternatives to utility-scale wind, offering suggestions for wind’s role in the future of energy in Vermont.

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25

Armstrong, Thomas Robert. "Structural and Petrologic Evolution of Acadian Dome Structures in Southern Vermont". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37857.

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Petrologic and thermobarometric studies, coupled with geologic mapping and structural analysis, provide critical evaluation of several different models for Acadian (Late Silurian to Middle Devonian) dome evolution in southern Vermont. Previous models considered diapiric uprise and composite nappe-stage crustal thickening and subsequent diapirism as likely causes of dome formation. Both of these previous models result in symmetrical distribution of P-T values about the dome structures with corresponding coreward increases in temperature, and typically, coreward decrease in associated pressures. Thermobarometric calculations made during this study demonstrate that both P and T increase eastward across the entire region and are not symmetrically distributed about dome axes. The P-T data coupled with petrographically derived relative age relationships and available geochronology also suggest that attainment of peak metamorphic conditions and concurrent dome-stage deformation are diachronous and young from west to east. These relationships are consistent with new geologic mapping and structural analysis which show that all of the domes in southern Vermont are low-amplitude fold interference structures. A current tectonic model indicates that Acadian Barrovian metamorphism in this region was a consequence of west-directed crustal thickening of an eastward dipping tectonic wedge, presumably from the Bronson Hill Terrane; an Ordovician arc sequence. The basal surface of this allochthonous mass projects above the present land surface within this area. Accretion of lower-plate rocks (of this study) into the thrust complex and continued west-directed thrusting of the accreted package over a seismically recognizable east dipping ramp structure provided the necessary geometry and mechanism for dome-stage fabric development, calculated uplift rates (1.2 to 1.7 km/m.y. and west to east younging of Acadian structural and metamorphic evolution. Thermobarometric and geochronologic estimates of metamorphic pressure - temperature (P-T) conditions and metamorphic cooling ages were used to constrain the required thermal and tectonic input parameters for use in one-dimensional thermal modeling of an Acadian (Silurian-Devonian} tectonotherma! regime within the pre-Silurian Taconide zone of southern Vermont. This regime includes: 1) garnet-grade rocks from the eastern flank of an Acadian composite dome structure (Sadawga Dome; the western domain); 2) staurolite/kyanite-grade rocks from the western flank of a second composite structure, the Athens dome (eastern domain). Results from thermal modeling include development of P-T paths, temperature-time (T-t) and pressure-time (P-t) curves, related values of maximum temperature and pressure, pressure conditions at maximum temperature, predicted closure ages for radiogenic phases, and integrated uplift and cooling rates. Thermal modeling results are remarkably similar to independently obtained data for Acadian regional metamorphism in western New England, and provide some important constraints on regional thermal evolution: 1) pressure values contemporaneous with peak temperature on P-T paths may be substantially lower than actual maximum pressure (> 2.5 kbars); 2) differences in peak temperature for rocks initially loaded to similar crustal depths (garnetgrade vs. staurolite-grade), differences in calculated uplift rates, and differences in Ar closure ages, are consequences of variations in durations of isobaric heating events (or "residence periods"), and differences in actual tectonic uplift rates. These modeling results are internally consistent with structural model that suggests west to east younging of specific Acadian deformations and resultant diachroneity of peak metamorphic and Ar closure ages. Regional variations in timing and conditions of metamorphism may be controlled by diachronous deformational events coupled with variations in crustal levels to which rocks were initially loaded during the ca. 400 Ma onset of Acadian orogenesis in western New England.
Ph. D.

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26

Weeks, Lori E. "Comparison of Adult Day Services in Atlantic Canada, Maine, and Vermont". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30771.

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Comparisons of aging services in Canada and the United States reveal similarities and differences in the structure and function of the two systems. In both countries, adult day services (ADS) is an integral component in the array of services available to older adults. In this study, I compared structural characteristics of programs, participant characteristics, and examined the National Adult Day Services Association classification model of ADS in demographically similar areas of Canada and the United States. Directors of 47 ADS programs in demographically similar provinces and states in Atlantic Canada, Maine, and Vermont responded to a mailed survey. Adult day services programs in each province and state exhibited some unique structural and participant characteristics. Statistically significant differences emerged between ADS programs in the two countries on the following structural variables: town population, center affiliation, center location, levels of government support, participant fees, organizational structure, hours of operation, months of attendance, hours attended per day, service frequency, and service provision. Participant characteristics that significantly varied between the two countries involved educational level and functional characteristics. A minority of programs exhibited a match between participant needs and services provided. However, very few programs belonged to the most mismatched category of providing core services to intensive level participants. The findings of this study support the importance of individual programs providing services appropriate to meet the needs of participants rather than adhering to a predetermined model of care.
Ph. D.

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27

Miles, Brian. "Putting Aesthetics in its Place in the Vermont Wind Power Debate". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2008. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/155.

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In the last decade, Vermonters have debated the benefits and costs of wind power in the state. Media accounts of the debate have portrayed opposition—particularly by grassroots groups—to utility-scale wind development in Vermont as being primarily aesthetic in nature. In these accounts, activists are represented as being concerned that such development would alter the aesthetic quality of the landscape and be accompanied by ill effects such as reduced tourism and lower property values. The goal of this research is to explain the media’s promotion of the aesthetic by understanding the aesthetic and non-aesthetic rationales that Vermont-based grassroots wind activists have used in the debate, and how they have used them. I situate this understanding in the context of how the Vermont landscape has been historically represented and thought about. I used narrative analysis of interviews I conducted with activists to identify the rationales they used in their arguments. I developed and applied a discourse analysis methodology to understand how they used these rationales in these interviews as well as in activist websites, and in letters to state officials. My findings show how institutionalized meanings of Vermont and its landscape have influenced how activists have framed their arguments for and against wind development. Further, my analyses provide a way of understanding the controversial nature of aesthetic objections to utility-scale wind in terms of the tension between institutionalized ways of representing the Vermont landscape and institutionalized ways of making land use decisions.

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28

Lintilhac, Louise Sopher. "Management By Crisis: Land Trust Conservation Engagement And Methods In Vermont". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/309.

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Planning a future for the landscapes we live in can be a daunting challenge for many communities in Vermont. Conservation initiatives affect the quality of life for all community members and can be difficult if not impossible to change in the event of poor planning. Through examining stakeholder relationships with land trusts I have explored the complexities of planning processes used by land trusts in Vermont for conservation initiatives The study involved one statewide land trust, the Vermont Land Trust, and two community land trusts, the Stowe Land Trust and the Duxbury Land Trust. I used qualitative methods including document review, observation and interviews to gather data on land trust planning. My study shows how stakeholder relationships shape conservation initiatives, what strategies land trusts use to aid stakeholder involvement, and finally, how stakeholder input affects conservation easements and stewardship. Interviews with multiple internal and external stakeholders for the three land trusts indicate a negative feedback loop within the organizational structure of each land trust I call "management by crisis." My case study examples suggest that stakeholders do not get involved in conservation until there is a threat to the landscape. This makes strategic planning difficult and limits a land trust's ability to link important parcels together for environmental and social benefit. I suggest that management by crisis can be replaced with positive feedback using Community Based Participatory Research. This approach relies on communities initiating projects and being an integral part of the planning process from the beginning of a conservation initiative. By involving stakeholders from the conception of a conservation project, a land trust can better evaluate community needs in relation to social and environmental wellbeing.

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29

Nipper, Joel. "Measurement and modeling of stormwater from small suburban watersheds in Vermont". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/444.

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Despite decades of U.S. water quality management efforts, over half of assessed waterbody units were threatened or impaired for designated uses in the most recent assessments, with urban runoff being a leading contributor to those impairments. This cumulative research explores several aspects of urban runoff dynamics through a combination of field study and modeling. Stormwater ponds are ubiquitous in developed landscapes due to their ability to provide multiple forms of treatment for stormwater runoff. However, evolving design goals have reduced the applicability of much of the early work that was done on pond effectiveness. In this study, we instrumented a recently constructed detention pond in Burlington, VT, USA. Flow gaging demonstrated that the pond achieved a 93% reduction in event peak flow rates over the monitoring period. Storm sampling showed that the pond significantly reduced total (TN) (1.45 mg/L median influent, 0.93 mg/L median effluent, p < 0.001) and total phosphorus (TP) (0.498 mg/L median influent, 0.106 mg/L median effluent, p < 0.001) concentrations over the events sampled. A loading analysis estimated the TN and TP removal efficiencies for the pond to be 23% and 77% respectively. Lastly, temperature data collected from the pond showed that during the summer the pond accumulates considerable heat energy. This study adds to the body of literature on detention pond performance, and raises concerns about the extensive use of stormwater ponds in watersheds where thermal stress is a concern. EPA SWMM is a widely used urban hydrologic, hydraulic and water quality model, though its application can be limited due to its deterministic nature, high dimensional parameter space, and the resulting implications for modelling uncertainty. In this work, I applied a global sensitivity analysis (SA) and evolutionary strategies (ES) calibration to SWMM to produce model predictions that account for parameter uncertainty in a headwater tributary case study in South Burlington, VT, USA. Parameter sensitivity was found to differ based on model structure, and the ES approach was generally successful at calibrating selected parameters, although less so as the number of concurrently varying parameters increased. A watershed water quality analysis using the calibrated model suggested that for different events in the record, the stream channel was alternately a source and a sink for sediment and nutrients, based on the predicted washoff loads and the measured loads from the stream sampling stations. These results add to the previous work on SWMM SA, auto-calibration, and parameter uncertainty assessment. Lastly, given the extent of eutrophication impairment in the U.S., I compared TN and TP data collected in these original works with national and regional datasets. TN concentrations sampled in this work were generally commensurate with values reported elsewhere, however TP data were not. Drainage area attributes and an event based rainfall runoff analysis of the study catchments provided circumstantial support for the idea that runoff from lawns is driving the high TP loads in Englesby Brook. The role of pet wastes is considered as a potentially fruitful area for further research.

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30

Wiltshire, Serge William. "Grass-Based Dairy in Vermont: Benefits, Barriers, and Effective Public Policies". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/492.

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A comprehensive literature review was undertaken in order to define and assess the sustainability and resiliency characteristics associated with grass-based and confinement dairy farming. Primarily as a result of reduced input costs, grass-based dairy farming often enhances profitability over confinement systems, especially on small farms. Further, conversion of tilled soil to permanent pasture has been shown to significantly reduce harmful sediment and nutrient transport into waterways. Perennial forage also acts as a carbon sink, curtailing or even negating a grass-based farm's carbon footprint. Finally, social benefits derived from enhanced nutrition and higher quality of life are also associated with grass-based dairy farming. Given that policy goals of the State of Vermont include both bolstering farm viability and reducing farm-related runoff, two questions are then raised. What is the most effective way to incentivize the adoption of rotational grazing in Vermont? And what types of farms are best suited to its use? A series of interviews with dairy experts and farmers was conducted as a preliminary investigation into these questions. This qualitative evidence suggested that farmers generally adopted grass-based dairying after observing a peer's success with the method, suggesting that a key leverage point may be peer-based learning. A behavioral economics game was developed to evaluate the role of peer networks in facilitating decision-making under conditions of uncertainty. A computerized game platform simulated networks of small dairy farm enterprises, with participants acting as farm managers. Treatments varied the size of peer networks, as well as the inclusion of a perfectly-performing automated 'seed player.' Participants could base their decisions upon the successes of their peers. They received a cash incentive based on their farms' performance. Results indicated that players with higher numbers of peers made better economic decisions on average. The inclusion of a 'seed player' within a network, which modeled the ideal behavior, also facilitated better decision-making. Both of these correlations were statistically significant. Furthermore, the shape of the 'diffusion curve' of new adoptees confirmed literature on the dynamics of innovation diffusion. Public policy implications from this work include an increased focus on facilitating peer-to-peer learning among farmers where Best Management Practice adoption is a policy goal. To further evaluate the potential for peer learning to facilitate positive change, the Dairy Farm Transitions Agent Based Model (DFTABM) was developed. The model was calibrated using existing datasets along with the qualitative and quantitative results described above. It forecasts effects on farm profitability, attrition, and soil loss arising from varying assumptions about peer network connectivity, peer emulation, macroeconomic trends, and agri-environmental policy. Nine experimental treatments were assessed. Overall, it was found that high rates of emulation coupled with high rates of connectivity'especially targeted connectivity among smaller farms'yielded the best balance of farm viability and reduction in soil loss. The establishment of a performance-based tax credit had no clear correlation with the resulting soil loss figures predicted by the model. Policy implications from this study include the finding that direct payment schemes for reduction in environmental harm may not always have their intended effects, whereas policies that enhance peer-to-peer learning opportunities, especially among the proprietors of smaller farms, may present an effective and relatively affordable means by which to bolster farm profitability while also reducing environmental degradation.

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31

Crosby, Benjamin Lloyd. "Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes in Vermont: Media Framing and Public Perception". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/696.

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This thesis explores the conversation surrounding the recent attempts by the Vermont Legislature to pass a Sugar-Sweetened Beverage tax in the years 2014-2016. We explore the common perceptions expressed by a sample of Vermont residents and also look at how Vermont media outlets portrayed the tax through frames of reference. Framing is a method of emphasizing certain points of an issue. This thesis reports the common opinions of Vermonters, the media framing of the issue, and if there is any relationship between them in two academic journal articles. The first article looks at the common frames used in Vermont media during the 2014-2016 period. Classifying 10 pro- and anti-tax frames from 30 common arguments, the article analyzes the use of these frames, their prevalence in different news outlets, and their frequency during time periods. The article also looks at sponsors of these frames and measures which frames individuals and organizations are sponsoring. The study finds that anti-tax advocates most often cite economic hindrances as a reason to oppose the tax and pro-tax advocates predominately cite health benefits and economic tax benefits as a reason to support the tax. In the final year, pro-tax advocates sponsored economic benefits more than any other frames and this argument coincided with the statewide discussion of a budget shortfall. The second article measures the relationship between the media portrayal of the Sugar-Sweetened Beverage tax and the opinions of Vermont citizens regarding the tax. By looking at the prevalence of pro- and anti-tax frames usage in each year, a logistic regression model was built to measure the odds of people favoring tax based off of independent variables, including frames. Vermont residents fluctuated in their opinion of the tax over the years. It was found that in 2015, pro-tax frames made people more likely to support the tax. Democrats were also more likely to support the tax and Republicans were more likely to oppose the tax. This thesis provides insight into the conversation surrounding Sugar-Sweetened Beverage taxes in Vermont. It helps to shed light on the issue, how different groups feel about the issue, and how frames of thought presented through the media can relate to Vermonters' opinion of the tax.

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32

Matiru, Grace. "Choices and Preferences of Vermont Master Gardeners - Do Socio-Demographics Matter?" ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/831.

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ABSTRACT This study was designed to characterize the choices, preferences and motivations of fruit and vegetable gardeners in Vermont, and to determine whether socio-demographic characteristics affect some of these choices, preferences and motivations. Using a survey of Vermont Extension Master Gardeners (EMGs), data were gathered over a 3-year period (2011-2013). The findings show most EMGs (>90%) garden in private home gardens, and the most popular vegetables grown were tomatoes, herbs, and salad greens. Beans, cucumbers and peppers sere also popular and among fruits, blueberries, apples, raspberries and strawberries were grown by over 40% of EMGs. Approximately 10% of EMG gardeners who had vegetable/herb gardens did not grow any fruit or berries, and EMGs who did not garden at all (10%) cited lack of gardening space and time as their main constraints. Vermont EMGs are concentrated around urban centers, however, their distribution is approximately proportional to the general population across the state. By age, over 40% are in their 50s, and in over 60% of households, females are make most of the gardening decisions and do most of the gardening work. Over 70% of the Vermont EMGs are college-educated, and live in households with incomes above $50,000. The most important motivations for gardening were ‘Having a Taste of Homegrown Fresh’ produce (ratings above 4.5/5) and ‘Fun/Relaxation/Hobby.’ Gardeners considered ‘Food Safety’ and ‘Environmental Concerns’ as important, while ‘Saving Money’ was not rated as highly as a motivation. EMGs prefer local plants and products and prefer to buy at local garden centers/supply stores. Over 70% rely on ‘Books,’ the ‘Internet,’ ‘Extension,’ ‘Friends’ and ‘Print Articles’ for gardening information, while videos and television are relied on by less than 10% of EMGs. In all regression models estimated, demographic characteristics (age, education, gender of the gardening decision-maker, and annual household income) were found to have limited explanatory power (R2 ≤ 0.1) on EMGs’ decision to garden, or the choice/motivation for where to purchase plants and gardening supplies. This finding suggests that Vermont EMGs may be an environmentally significant group whose motivations, preferences and choices might be better explained by their attitudinal and value norms rather than socio-demographic characteristics. This finding suggest that future research and educational programs should be designed and delivered according to these characteristics rather than the commonly used demographic ones.

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33

Mugabi, Robert. "Genotypes And Phenotypes Of Staphylococci On Selected Dairy Farms In Vermont". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/844.

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The genus Staphylococcus contains at least 47 species and 23 subspecies. Bacteria in this genus are ubiquitous; many are commensals on human and animal skin and can be opportunistic pathogens. In dairy cattle, staphylococci are the leading cause of intramammary infections (IMI) and mastitis. Mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary gland, and is one of the leading infectious diseases causing production losses in the dairy industry. Based on the ability to clot blood plasma in vitro, members of the genus can be divided into two groups: coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) and coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS). In the dairy industry, Staphylococcus aureus is the most common CPS causing mastitis and is considered a major mastitis pathogen compared to the CNS, which as a group have been described as minor mastitis pathogens. The CNS species are increasingly recognized as an important cause of bovine mastitis, although the relative role of some species is still uncertain. Our understanding of the local and global epidemiology of CNS mastitis is improving with application of more accurate DNA sequence-based species identification methods and techniques to discriminate between strains within species. These factors have led to a shift in perspective, with the CNS being recognized as a heterogeneous group where some species are more important than others in bovine mastitis. The major goals of this thesis were to describe Staphylococcus mastitis epidemiology, and to identify phenotypes that may contribute to persistence in various niches on selected dairy farms in Vermont. We conducted 2 field studies on 2 groups of farms in Vermont. In the first study, we collected S. aureus isolates from bulk tank milk of 44 certified organic dairy farms. In the second field study, we completed quarter milk, cow skin, and environmental sampling of 5 herds that make farmstead cheeses. In both studies, we used non-selective and selective agar medium to isolate staphylococci from the farm sources. From these studies, we collected 1,853 Staphylococcus spp. isolates. We used PCR-amplicon sequence-based species identification to describe Staphylococcus species diversity on these selected Vermont dairy farms. S. aureus isolates were strain-typed using an established Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) scheme. A novel MLST scheme was developed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of S. chromogenes, one of the leading CNS species causing bovine mastitis in this and other studies. We also evaluated antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation phenotypes and genotypes of staphylococci to test the hypothesis that these phenotypes may be associated with strain types. In the study of organic dairy farms, 20 S. aureus strain types (STs) were identified, including ten novel STs. The majority of STs belonged to lineages or clonal complexes (CCs) previously identified as cattle adapted (e.g. CC97 and CC151). Associations between ST and carriage of beta-lactam resistance and biofilm forming capacity were identified among the S. aureus isolates from these farms. In the 5-herd study, a total of 27 different staphylococci species were identified from various niches including humans, but only five species; S. chromogenes, S. aureus, S. haemolyticus, S. simulans, and S. xylosus were commonly identified to cause IMI. S. aureus and S. chromogenes strain types were niche specific.

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34

McNeil, Charles A. "Carved from stone? : community life and work in Barre, Vermont, 1900-1922". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61921.

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35

Fields, David M. "Faculty Internationalization: Experiences, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Full-Time Academics Across Vermont". Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1733.

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Thesis advisor: Philip G. Altbach
Internationalization on campus is being called for in order to adapt to a rapidly globalizing social and economic context. However, many institutions, including those across Vermont, have not yet polled their faculty to see what international experiences or background faculty members have. Few have a comprehensive understanding of faculty language competencies, or in what ways faculty members have been collaborating with foreign scholars. This study looked at attitudes and beliefs faculty members have towards bringing global dimensions into their faculty role, as well as their perceptions of internationalization on campuses. This study takes the extra step of looking at the data collected on Vermont faculty, and then slices it through multiple lenses, looking to see if there are trends and connections by demographic factors such as gender, academic rank, discipline, number of years in the field, or having a preference for student learning or research. Results of this dissertation study revealed a faculty composition that was reassuringly internationalized when looking at language abilities, international experiences, among other demographic factors. Results also revealed that faculty attitudes and beliefs as well as perceptions of campus climate towards internationalization, were overwhelmingly positive. Following comparisons to prior national and international studies, Vermont institutions have strong evidence to claim support for internationalization among their faculty
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Educational Administration and Higher Education

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36

Frey, Sarah. "Metapopulation Dynamics and Multi-Scale Habitat Selection of a Montane Forest Songbird". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2008. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/86.

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Variations in species occurrence and distribution across the landscape over time provide fundamental information concerning population dynamics. How this relates to habitat characteristics at multiple scales can elucidate the process of habitat selection. I evaluated these processes for a montane fir (Abies) forest specialist, Bicknell’s Thrush (Catharus bicknelli) in Vermont. This species is threatened by a suite of anthropogenic disturbances on its breeding grounds and quantifying the effects of environmental change at the population level for this songbird has not been addressed. The naturally fragmented breeding habitat of varying size, quality, and connectivity warranted a metapopulation approach and a robust occupancy analysis. Detection/non-detection data was collected for Bicknell’s Thrush across 88 sites during the breeding seasons in 2006 and 2007. Local habitat characteristics were measured for each site and landscape-level features were calculated using a predictive habitat model. The six local habitat variables were combined using a principal component analysis. Principal component 1 (PC1) described a gradient of increasing coniferous shrub density and proportion of coniferous dominated forest with decreasing canopy height. The landscape covariate was calculated by dividing patch size by patch isolation creating a continuum of small, isolated patches to large, less isolated patches. Thus each site was characterized by a single local habitat (PC1) and landscape metric. From these data, 67 models considering all combinations of landscape and local habitat scores (univariate, additive and interaction) were evaluated for individual estimates of the following parameters: (1) probability of detection, (2) probability of initial site occupancy, (3) probability of site colonization, and (4) probability of local site extinction. AIC model selection techniques were used to rank the models, which represented ecologically plausible hypotheses that compared the strength of local habitat characteristics to large-scale landscape features. Models within 4 AICc points of the top model were considered plausible. The top eight models were all plausible. Landscape characteristics alone were not significant in driving population dynamics. The relative importance of landscape + local habitat was highest for both probability of initial occupancy and local site extinction. Probability of occupancy increased and extinction decreased with the combination of increased patch size and decreased patch isolation (landscape) and increased coniferous shrub density, proportion of coniferous dominated forest and decreased canopy height (local habitat). Probability of site colonization was driven mainly by local habitat features and increased with increasing habitat quality. These results indicate a complex system with intricate links between landscape and local scales. Preserving large tracts of habitat may not be sufficient in assuring future species persistence, but could minimize local extinction risk. Careful consideration should be given to local habitat features within habitat fragments, particularly to maintain adequate colonization rates. Because important features from both scales are correlated, in intact montane forest patches, landscape-scale attributes alone may serve as a surrogate for identifying quality breeding habitat, assuming processes of natural disturbance can be maintained.

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37

Lay-Sleeper, Ethan. "Energy & the built environment : assessing renewable energy planning in Burlington, Vermont". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99097.

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Abstract (sommario):

Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 83-88).
Society's dependence on fossil fuels, spawned during the industrial revolution of the 19th century, increased the physical isolation between the sites of energy consumption, and sites of energy production. Rapid population growth and urbanization following this period gave rise, in the 20 th century, to concerns around the impact of humans on the environment. These concerns precipitated an increased focus on renewable energy, and sustainable development models present in contemporary urban planning discourse. Despite the increased focus on urban sustainability, the rapid expansion of renewable energy capacity and supporting policies, municipal governments in the United States continue to struggle with incorporating renewable energy systems into the built environment. The primary challenges concerning this integration rest in the capacity of municipal government to reinterpret the built environment as a framework for renewable energy, to conduct spatial analysis of the potential capacity in the built environment, and to synthesize that analysis with municipal policies in order to develop more robust and specific targets for renewable energy development. In response to these challenges, I assess opportunities and barriers for renewable energy development in the built environment, and synthesize established methods of spatial analysis, renewable energy policy, and project development models, to inform the role of municipal government in future planning efforts around renewable energy. To investigate the potential practical applications of this research, I focus on the city of Burlington, Vermont, which in 2014, earned the status as the first city in the United States to source 100% of its electricity from renewable sources. I question the replicability of the means by which Burlington attained this status, whether further opportunities exist for Burlington to expand its support for renewable energy, and what role the municipal government might assume in this expansion. I find the means by which Burlington sources its renewable energy only partially replicable, but I also find significant opportunities for Burlington to expand support for renewable energy within its municipal boundaries. I conclude my research by providing my findings to the city, in hopes that they will strengthen the role of municipal government in renewable energy planning.
by Ethan Lay-Sleeper.
M.C.P.

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38

Pierce, Alan Robert. "The Distance from Necessity: A Bourdieusian Analysis of Gathering Practices in Vermont". Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1389639040.

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39

Gurney, Kendra. "Initial Research to Assist the Restoration of American Chestnut to Vermont Forests". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2008. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/97.

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The American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.) is a tree species of unique ecologic and economic value that was virtually eliminated by a fungal blight approximately 100 years ago. In order to restore this valuable species multiple restoration approaches have been evaluated. However, only one technique – producing highly resistant trees via the hybridization of American and Chinese chestnuts with backcrosses to American chestnut – shows promise for near-term restoration. The American Chestnut Foundation (TACF) is leading this hybridization/backcrossing effort, and the University of Vermont and the USDA Forest Service have begun research to enhance the TACF breeding program to better support species restoration in the cold north. There are three issues of particular importance to species restoration in the north: 1) providing germplasm from locally-adapted American chestnut through controlled pollinations; 2) identifying new sources of germplasm for future pollinations; and 3) evaluating if inadequate cold hardiness could hinder restoration. In order to provide backcrossed chestnut with germplasm from Vermont-adapted trees, controlled pollinations of wild American chestnut growing in northern Vermont were conducted in 2006 and 2007. In 2006, two trees were pollinated, with a yield of 165 seeds. In 2007, three trees were pollinated, with a yield of 171 seeds. Seeds from controlled pollinations are planted in a chestnut-breeding orchard in Shelburne, VT where resulting trees will eventually be tested for blight resistance. An inventory of existing chestnut in Vermont was begun to expand the current registry of locally adapted sources of germplasm. A wide range of forest professionals and outdoor enthusiasts were asked to report existing chestnuts throughout the state. American chestnut exists in Vermont as healthy and blighted mature trees, as well as blighted sprouts. At each new site visited, basic tree measurements and other data important to the breeding program were gathered and site GPS coordinates recorded. All information was incorporated into a spatial database. Thus far, over 20 sites have been identified, including at least 15 trees with pollination potential. Preliminary evaluations of potential limitations in tissue cold tolerance that could restrict chestnut restoration within the northern limits of the species’ historical range were conducted during November 2006, and February and April 2007. We tested the cold tolerance of the shoots of American chestnut and backcross chestnut saplings growing in two plantings in Vermont to assess their cold tolerance relative to ambient temperature lows. Shoots of two potential local competitors, northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum L.), were also tested for comparison. During the winter, American and backcross chestnut were approximately 5°C less cold tolerant than red oak and sugar maple (P < 0.0002), with a tendency for American chestnut to be more cold tolerant than the backcross chestnut (P = 0.0745). Terminal shoots of American and backcross chestnut also exhibited significantly more freezing damage in the field than nearby red oak and sugar maple shoots (P <0.0001), which showed no visible injury. Although these findings suggest that limited cold tolerance could complicate species restoration within northern forests, cold tolerance levels could potentially be improved through genetic selection or cultural means.

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40

MacNeil, Matthew D. "The Prepardeness of Vermont Foster Youth for “Aging Out” of State’s Custody". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2008. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/143.

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This dissertation examines the experiences of foster youth as they prepare for life after emancipation from state custody. Every year in the U.S., around 25,000 youth in foster care reach the legal age of emancipation and subsequently leave state’s custody. Colloquially, this transition is known as “aging out”. Although the youth who “age out” are legally considered adults, few are ready to meet the challenges of adulthood independently. These youth are more likely than their same aged peers to end up incarcerated, face unemployment or underemployment, drop out before finishing high school, and experience substance abuse problems or a mental health disorder (Shirk & Stangler, 2005). This study adds to the growing body of knowledge about the experiences of teenaged youth “aging out” of foster care. Though empirical studies have documented challenges facing emancipated youth (Craven & Lee, 2006), very little work has examined the actual experiences of emancipation from the perspective of youth and their guardians. Using illustrative case methodology, this dissertation captures life story perspectives on the experiences of teenaged foster youth and their guardians as they prepare for life after emancipation. A qualitative approach was utilized to provide experiential data to inform the practice standards and program effectiveness associated with the services and supports these youth received while in custody of the State’s Department for Youth and Families. A project of the Vermont Research Partnership, the study was able to utilize logistical and ethical consultation from state agency leaders during the development of methodology. The findings describe and analyze the challenges and successes that youth in foster care encounter as they prepare for life after emancipation. Interview data with youth, guardians and service providers highlighted themes related to preparedness including the barriers to youth perceptions of adulthood, the ubiquity of trauma experiences, the cost of staff turnover, the importance of long term relationship, and the “pull” of the biological family. The results of the study reveal a complex intertwining of personal, familial and systemic issues that converge to hinder preparedness for independent living despite the determined efforts of foster parents, service providers, families and the youth themselves. The study suggests areas for future research as well as policy recommendations related to service provision for teenaged youth in custody as well as emancipated youth.

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41

Quigley, Erin. "A Land-Use-Based County-Level Carbon Budget for Chittenden County, Vermont". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2008. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/188.

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As interest grows in mitigating atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, there is an increasing need to understand the factors that determine fluxes of carbon (C) to and from the atmosphere. This project quantifies the natural and anthropogenic sources and sinks of atmospheric CO2 on a county scale. In collaboration with the Hubbard Brook Research Foundation's (HBRF's) Sciencelinks Carbon Group, a net C budget for Chittenden County, Vermont has been created, with key C sources and sinks categorized in terms of land use. The primary goal of the budget is to provide up-to-date and accurate decisionmaking information to planners and policy-makers in the county, allowing the most tangible benefits to be gained from mitigation efforts. This project creates and tests a methodology that is easily replicable in any county in the United States. This methodology will facilitate the process of developing county-level C balance data beyond Vermont and the Northeast. This study suggests that Chittenden County is a net sink for C; 1.12 Tg C accumulate per year in the county's biomass and soils while 0.418 Tg C are emitted each year through anthropogenic activity within the county. C emitted in the manufacture of imported products is not considered. This work contributes to a larger ongoing study by the HBRF which compares C emissions and sequestration among seven counties representing different patterns of land use.

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42

Dolan, Kelly. "Civic Engagement and Peace Corps Recruitment Efforts in the State of Vermont". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/658.

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The United States Peace Corps' recruitment offices actively seek a qualified volunteer base from its applicant pool for positions in over 60 countries. The state of Vermont, and colleges and universities within the state, have provided the agency with an unprecedented number of volunteers accounting for their consistently high ranking for the number of volunteers currently serving overseas. This research considers the culture of civic engagement in Vermont and how this can, in part, explain the successful recruitment efforts within the state. Drawing on research done on the topic of civic engagement and how it is manifest in different states, this paper presents evidence provided by semi-structured, in-depth interviews with Vermonters that served in the Peace Corps. The motivation for this thesis is twofold; to better understand the civic culture of Vermont, and to explain the success of recruitment efforts within the state potentially providing the opportunity for more targeted recruitment efforts in the future for the Peace Corps and similarly oriented organizations.

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43

Erekson, Keith A. "American Prophet, New England Town: The Memory of Joseph Smith in Vermont". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2002. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4669.

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In December 1905, a large granite monument was erected at the birthplace of Joseph Smith on the one hundredth anniversary of his birth. This thesis relates the history of the Joseph Smith Memorial Monument from its origins through its construction and dedication. It also explores its impact on the memory of Joseph Smith in the local, Vermont, and national context. I argue that the history of the Joseph Smith Memorial Monument in Vermont is the story of the formation and validation of the memory of Joseph Smith as an American Prophet.Nineteenth century Mormons remembered a variety of individual memories of Joseph Smith that were aggregated through reminiscences, hymns, and commemorations into three dominant collective memories: Joseph Smith as prophet, martyr, and Vermont schoolboy. During the first decade of the twentieth century, these three memories of Joseph Smith were filtered through the social, religious, and political interests and concretized into the Joseph Smith Memorial Birthplace Monument. The dedication of the Joseph Smith Monument on 23 December 1905 and the messages presented at the site by Junius F. Wells over the next five years shaped a broader interpretation of Joseph Smith as an American Prophet.The impact of the monument in Vermont is examined through a case study of Royalton, Vermont. Vermont's past had been aggregated into a tradition emphasizing the virtue, patriotism, and individuality of Vermonters, and Royalton residents responded to the Joseph Smith Monument by concretizing their own memory of Royalton as a typical New England town through monuments, a town history, and an annual town holiday. Competing memories of an American Prophet and the New England town collided during construction of the Royalton Memorial Library in 1922, and settlement of Royalton's division over the definition of a New England Town validated the memory of Joseph Smith as an American Prophet. Throughout the twentieth century, the memories of an American Prophet and New England Town accommodated each other. Vermont's validation of the memory of Joseph Smith as an American Prophet represents a national transformation in the memory of Joseph Smith.

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44

Harrington, Hannah. "A Study Of Food Hub Buyers In Vermont: Motivation, Marketing, And Strategy". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/890.

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Food hubs have been discussed as a promising option for scaling-up the local food system while maintaining close relationships and shared responsibility amongst producers and consumers. Food hubs have the capacity to share important messages about food safety, origin, and production methods with consumers, however little is known about if, and how, food hubs communicate the value of local food to their buyers. This is crucial when assuring value to the consumer, which is necessary for the long-term sustainability of the food hub model. It is important to know more about these methods and practices because these messages can impact the long-term viability of food hubs and local agriculture, as well as community health and economic stability. This thesis explores the motivation behind why buyers chose to buy through food hubs, what information provided by food hubs is useful in marketing and selling local products, and how buyers allocate their money and their time that allows them to efficiently purchase local products. A mixed methods approach was used to gather data. Qualitative research methods were used in conducting semi-structured interviews with key informants. Interview questions focused on local food marketing strategies and practices, motivations for buying local, consumer behavior, firmographic characteristics, communication, challenges, opportunities, and relationships. In addition, data was collected through an online survey that followed the same themes. These themes were identified through a review of alternative food network literature, which identified gaps in knowledge on the buyer-side of the food hub value chain. The themes that emerged from these semi-structured interviews and online survey have been used to better understand buyer motivations for purchasing local food through food hubs, how buyers make use of the information, services, and marketing material provided by food hubs, and what strategies buyers use to integrate local food purchasing efficiently into their budget.

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45

Baumflek, Michelle. "Approaches to Sustainable Forest Management in Parcelized Landscapes". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2008. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/19.

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The holistic, landscape-based approach of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) in the United States emphasizes the importance of addressing three components of forest management: ecology, community, and economy. Many believe this approach represents an important and positive paradigm shift in natural resource management. In Vermont, as well as many other parts of the United States, parcelized forest ownership presents challenges to the achievement of SFM on private property. These challenges include that of applying concepts of landscape-scale management over a mosaic of small landownerships while addressing ecological, economic, and social dynamics. Many authors have suggested a need for new institutions that are better capable of addressing the integrated, boundary-crossing nature of SFM on private lands. In Vermont, partnerships involving environmental non-profit organizations are implementing innovative management strategies to promote SFM which address the challenges of parcelization. In so doing, non-profit groups are branching out from traditional roles of advocacy and public goods protection to address not only the ecological, but also economic and community aspects of forest management. Examining the strategies, organizational roles, challenges and perceived permanence of these partnerships provides a greater understanding of the nature of these new institutional arrangements for SFM. This study asks the question: How do partnerships involving environmental nonprofit organizations in Vermont attempt to achieve goals of sustainable forest management in the context of a parcelized landscape? Using a multiple case study approach, I examine three SFM-related partnerships in Vermont that involve environmental nonprofit organizations. I assess their strategies, organizational roles, challenges and perceived permanence. Results indicate that partnerships involving environmental nonprofit organizations are playing important roles in defining and institutionalizing SFM in Vermont. Partnerships use diverse strategies through which they strive to account for the three components of SFM. I find three points of entry into SFM-related issues, connected to three strategies used by partnerships to address issues of parcelization: community-based, alternative silviculture and product branding. This diversity in approach may complement the diverse nature of forest landowner’s wants and needs. Furthermore, demonstrated flexibility at the partnership and organizational levels allowed partnerships to better work toward their goals. Challenges encountered by partnerships involved both internal dynamics and external circumstances, including differential organizational capacity and economic conditions, respectively. In addition, perceived permanence of these institutional arrangements may be related to the roles that environmental nonprofit organizations play within each partnership. Findings increase our understanding of the changing roles of non-profit organizations in the forest management sector, raise key questions about the permanence of such arrangements, and provide insights into partnership practices and challenges that may be applied in other settings. The results of this study contribute to a broader analysis of national trends in SFM.

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46

DeMairo, Christopher. "On the People and the "Pretended" State: The Concept of Sovereignty in Vermont, 1750-1791". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/722.

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This research project will examine the concept of sovereignty in Vermont for the years 1750-1791. As with most conceptual studies, it is necessary to first examine the history of the concept. I begin with René Descartes (1596-1650), and his re-conceptualization of Man in a natural state. It is my contention that his metaphysical and ontological findings in Meditations on First Philosophy (1641) were then adopted by Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) in Leviathan (1651), and John Locke (1632-1704) in Two Treatises of Government (1689). Basing their philosophies on Descartes's "revised" depiction of Man in nature, both Hobbes and Locke envisioned a Man who naturally made both rational and passionate decisions, as communities transitioned, via the process of government formation, from the state of nature into the state of "civil society," as they termed it. Contemporaneous with this theoretical evolution was the inclusion of "the people" in British governance through the rise of Parliament at the turn of the seventeenth century. Juxtaposed with real events, the philosophers' reconceptualization demonstrates an evolving concept of sovereignty in the British state. By the time of the American Revolution, the concept of popular sovereignty was born, and "the people" ascended in both political theory and political reality. Because the eighteenth-century concept of sovereignty was based heavily on the metaphor of the state of nature, I chose the inhabitants of the New Hampshire Grants as a case study. These residents believed they resided in something close to a literal state of nature from 1760-1777, and that they had lived the theoretical philosophies of Hobbes, Locke, and other contemporary theorists. Once the theoretical description of a natural state is juxtaposed with the socio-political history of the Grants region, it is clear that inhabitants believed the Colony of New York, the appendage of the British state which claimed authority in the region, did not provide efficient governance for the residents. After the American Revolution broke out, Grants residents claimed it was their natural right to erect a state and systematically replace New York. Once Vermont's constitution went into effect in 1778, the concept of sovereignty was expressed in response to two simultaneous processes: the first, the geo-political stabilization of the state in the midst of both war and constant challenges to the state's existence; the second, the Vermont people transforming from a blend of "Yorkers" and "Yankees" into Vermonters. Both of these processes were complete by the mid-1780s as surrounding states and former Yorkers grew to accept the legitimacy of Vermont. By the late 1780s, as the United States Constitutional Convention was underway, Vermont was no longer considered a "pretended state," and was able to face the convention on its own terms, representing its own sovereign people.

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47

Sutti, Flavio. "Identifying Priority Conservation Areas for Grassland Birds in the Champlain Valley of Vermont". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2009. http://library.uvm.edu/dspace/bitstream/123456789/218/1/Sutti%20Thesis.pdf.

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48

Welch, Catherine E. "Factors Affecting Postsecondary Enrollment among Vermont High School Graduates| A Logistic Regression Analysis". Thesis, New England College, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13859163.

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Abstract (sommario):

The State of Vermont has long had one of the highest high school graduation rates in New England, hovering around 87.8% with a lagging college enrollment rate of 52.3% at any 2- or 4-year postsecondary institution in the country (New England Secondary School Consortium, 2015). This research explored the factors that have the greatest effect on the college enrollment patterns of Vermont high school graduates. Specifically, this study explored the relationship between the following factors and 2- and 4-year college enrollment: (a) academic preparation, (b) access to college information, (c) early career exploration and education planning, (d) gender, (e) grade point average, (f) parent educational attainment, (g) parental expectations, (h) student location, and (i) student perception of affordability.

This descriptive, correlational quantitative study used binomial logistic regression to determine which of the factors listed in the preceding section had the greatest impact on the college enrollment patterns of Vermont high school graduates. The dataset for this research was the Class of 2014 Senior Survey from the Vermont Student Assistance Corporation, administered to all students graduating from Vermont high schools in 2014. This research looks to inform work currently being done at the state level to raise the number of adults living in Vermont with a postsecondary credential to 70% by the year 2025

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49

Henley, Shauna. "Rural Vermont: the Food Environment and Cooking Practices As An Implication for Health". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2010. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/106.

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The primary aim of this research was to investigate cooking practices and cooking knowledge in a rural environment, as well as learn how the kitchen environment may reflect and/or shape an individual‘s process when creating a meal. Qualitative methods were implemented allowing for the data to be triangulated. The research methods used included a semi-structured interview, participant questionnaire, and videotaping dinner time meal preparations by the primary meal preparer on two separate occasions. Emergent themes about the role of the rural food environment began to develop surrounding how respondents procure food. The rural Vermonter relied on using home gardens, farmers‘ markets, and community supported agriculture to procure food. Another theme that emerged was the role of the primary meal preparer, or the ―nutritional gatekeeper.‖ The nutritional gatekeeper was a huge component in controlling family meals and portion sizes inside, and outside the home, and the ingredients used in homemade meals. All rural respondents had some degree of cooking skills that began at a young age. Their skills were honed over time by necessity and/or curiosity. Rural respondents had general nutrition knowledge that was evident by their definition of a healthy meal, and procuring the freshest ingredients. The kitchen space was less of an influential factor when creating a meal than initially anticipated, but was the processing center where procured food items were crafted into a meal. The theme surrounding the environment and local foods strengthens the 21st century‘s shift of what consumers are demanding from the Nation‘s food system. Understanding how nutritional gatekeepers choose to prepare meals, and the influence of their food environment on the meal thought process, may make the domestic home a platform to disseminate healthful cooking practices. This study concluded an ongoing ethnographic study investigating peoples cooking practices, and cooking knowledge in an urban (Boston metropolis), suburban (Burlington, VT), and rural (Franklin and Lamoille County, VT) environments as an implication towards health.

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50

Olson, Michael G. "Remote Sensing of Forest Health Trends in the Northern Green Mountains of Vermont". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2012. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/172.

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Northeastern forests are being impacted by unprecedented environmental stressors, including acid deposition, invasive pests, and climate change. Forest health monitoring at a landscape scale is necessary to evaluate the changing condition of forest resources and to inform management of forest stressors. Traditional forest health monitoring is often limited to specific sites experiencing catastrophic decline or widespread mortality. Satellite remote sensing can complement these efforts by providing comprehensive forest health assessments over broad regions. Subtle changes in canopy health can be monitored over time by applying spectral vegetation indices to multitemporal satellite imagery. This project used historical archives of Landsat-5 TM imagery and geographic information systems to examine forest health trends in the northern Green Mountains of Vermont from 1984 to 2009. Results indicate that canopy health has remained relatively stable across most of the landscape, although decline was present in localized areas. Significant but weak relationships were discovered between declining forest health and spruce-fir-paper birch forests at high elevations. Possible causes of decline include the interacting effects of acid deposition, windthrow, and stressful growing environments typical of montane forests.

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