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Abdullah, Nuraisyah Chua, Ramzyzan Ramly e Muhammad Izwan Ikhsan. "Home Buyers’ and Vendors’ Behaviours: Analysis of Judicial Decisions". Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 2, n. 6 (7 novembre 2017): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v2i6.962.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper examines the behaviour of vendors and purchasers indirectly through the judicial decisions in Malaysia, Australia, and the United States. The decided cases illustrate that buyers are still indolent in their duty to conduct pre-purchase inspections, some vendors were seen to have actively concealed defects in the property and fraudulently misrepresented the conditions of the properties. This paper suggests consumer education for both the vendors and purchasers and the extension of the jurisdiction of either the Tribunal for Homebuyers Claims or the Tribunal for Consumer Claims to include matters regarding the dispute as to the condition of the property.
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Gibson, Nadine Suzanne. "Privatized Democracy: The Role of Election Services Vendors in the United States". American Politics Research 48, n. 6 (26 maggio 2020): 705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x20920264.
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Election equipment in the United States is exclusively purchased from private-sector vendors. When a jurisdiction purchases voting equipment, it is actually purchasing the hardware and software along with a variety of services for the initial implementation and long-term maintenance and support of the system. Election services constitute roughly one third of county-level election expenditures. The results of logistic regression analyses estimating the likelihoods of county purchases of different election services from election services vendors suggest a relationship between purchasing decisions and county demographics, namely the size of the minority population. Localities in states with centralized contracting systems were also substantially more likely to purchase all forms of vendor services.
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Abdullah, Nuraisyah Chua, Ramzyzan Ramly e Muhammad Izwan Ikhsan. "Attitudes of Sub-Sale Home Buyers and Vendors in the 21st Century: Legal implications". Asian Journal of Quality of Life 3, n. 13 (25 agosto 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v3i13.156.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article analyses the legal implications of sub-sale house buyers and sellers' attitudes as illustrated in judicial cases from Malaysia, Australia and the United States. The cases demonstrate that purchasers still sleep on their legal duty to conduct a pre-purchase inspection. On the other hand, vendors often conceal the defects in the property and refuse to rectify the defects. This article recommends that consumer education is vital to protect the rights of purchasers and to uplift the vendors' ethical values of in a sale and purchase of the sub-sale house. It is also suggested that the jurisdiction of the Tribunal for Consumer Claims or the Tribunal for Homebuyer Claims be considered to be expanded to hear disputes arising from the purchase of houses from the sub-sale market.Keywords: fraud; inspection; home buyer; vendor.eISSN 2398-4279 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v3i13.156
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Williams, Rebecca S., Jason Derrick, Aliza Kate Liebman, Kevin LaFleur e Kurt M. Ribisl. "Content analysis of age verification, purchase and delivery methods of internet e-cigarette vendors, 2013 and 2014". Tobacco Control 27, n. 3 (8 maggio 2017): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053616.
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ObjectiveIdentify the population of internet e-cigarette vendors (IEVs) and conduct content analyses of their age verification, purchase and delivery methods in 2013 and 2014.MethodsWe used multiple sources to identify IEV websites, primarily complex search algorithms scanning more than 180 million websites. In 2013, we manually screened 32 446 websites, identifying 980 IEVs, selecting the 281 most popular for content analysis. This methodology yielded 31 239 websites for screening in 2014, identifying 3096 IEVs, with 283 selected for content analysis.ResultsThe proportion of vendors that sold online-only, with no retail store, dropped significantly from 2013 (74.7%) to 2014 (64.3%) (p<0.01), with a corresponding significant decrease in US-based vendors (71.9% in 2013 and 65% in 2014). Most vendors did little to prevent youth access in either year, with 67.6% in 2013 and 63.2% in 2014 employing no age verification or relying exclusively on strategies that cannot effectively verify age. Effective age verification strategies such as online age verification services (7.1% in 2013 and 8.5% in 2014), driving licences (1.8% in 2013 and 7.4% in 2014, p<0.01) or age verification at delivery (6.4% in 2013 and 8.1% in 2104) were rarely advertised on IEV websites. Nearly all vendors advertised accepting credit cards, and about ¾ shipping via United States Postal Service, similar to the internet cigarette industry prior to federal bans.ConclusionsThe number of IEVs grew sharply from 2013 to 2014, with poor age verification practices. New and expanded regulations for online e-cigarette sales are needed, including strict age and identity verification requirements.
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Sheikh, Aziz, Harpreet S. Sood e David W. Bates. "Leveraging health information technology to achieve the “triple aim” of healthcare reform". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 22, n. 4 (16 aprile 2015): 849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocv022.
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Abstract Objective To investigate experiences with leveraging health information technology (HIT) to improve patient care and population health, and reduce healthcare expenditures. Materials and methods In-depth qualitative interviews with federal government employees, health policy, HIT and medico-legal experts, health providers, physicians, purchasers, payers, patient advocates, and vendors from across the United States. Results The authors undertook 47 interviews. There was a widely shared belief that Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) had catalyzed the creation of a digital infrastructure, which was being used in innovative ways to improve quality of care and curtail costs. There were however major concerns about the poor usability of electronic health records (EHRs), their limited ability to support multi-disciplinary care, and major difficulties with health information exchange, which undermined efforts to deliver integrated patient-centered care. Proposed strategies for enhancing the benefits of HIT included federal stimulation of competition by mandating vendors to open-up their application program interfaces, incenting development of low-cost consumer informatics tools, and promoting Congressional review of the The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) to optimize the balance between data privacy and reuse. Many underscored the need to “kick the legs from underneath the fee-for-service model” and replace it with a data-driven reimbursement system that rewards high quality care. Conclusions The HITECH Act has stimulated unprecedented, multi-stakeholder interest in HIT. Early experiences indicate that the resulting digital infrastructure is being used to improve quality of care and curtail costs. Reform efforts are however severely limited by problems with usability, limited interoperability and the persistence of the fee-for-service paradigm—addressing these issues therefore needs to be the federal government’s main policy target.
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Zaya, David N., Stacey A. Leicht-Young, Noel B. Pavlovic, Christopher S. Hetrea e Mary V. Ashley. "Mislabeling of an Invasive Vine (Celastrus orbiculatus) as a Native Congener (C. scandens) in Horticulture". Invasive Plant Science and Management 10, n. 4 (dicembre 2017): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/inp.2017.37.
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The horticultural industry is an important source of invasive ornamental plant species, which is part of the motivation for an increased emphasis on using native alternatives. We were interested in the possibility that plants marketed in the midwestern United States as the native Celastrus scandens, or American bittersweet, were actually the difficult-to-distinguish invasive Celastrus orbiculatus (oriental bittersweet) or hybrids of the two species. We used nuclear microsatellite DNA loci to compare the genetic identities of 34 plants from 11 vendors with reference plants from wild populations of known species identity. We found that 18 samples (53%) were mislabeled, and 7 of the 11 vendors sold mislabeled plants. Mislabeled plants were more likely to be purchased through Internet or phone order shipments and were significantly less expensive than accurately labeled plants. Vendors marketed mislabeled plants under five different cultivar names, as well as unnamed strains. Additionally, the most common native cultivar, ‘Autumn Revolution,’ displays reproductive characteristics that diverge from the typical C. scandens, which could be of some concern. The lower price and abundance of mislabeled invasive plants introduces incentives for consumers to unknowingly contribute to the spread of C. orbiculatus. Revealing the potential sources of C. orbiculatus is critical for controlling further spread of the invasive vine and limiting its impact on C. scandens populations.
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Nayak, Swayangsiddha, e Julie Campbell. "US Consumers’ Awareness and Opinion of Boxwood Shrubs and Boxwood Blight". HortScience 59, n. 4 (aprile 2024): 478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17456-23.
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Boxwood blight is a significant threat to nurseries, garden centers, landscaping businesses, and homeowners, causing both financial and ecological damage. This fungal disease is primarily caused by two species, with Calonectria pseudonaviculata being the only reported casual species in the United States. The pathogen is spread by wind-driven rain, water splash, and contaminated plants, emphasizing the need for exclusion, sanitation protocols, cultural practices, and fungicides to manage its spread. Recently, efforts have shifted from containment to disease management, focusing on fungicide efficacy, diagnostic assays, and boxwood production analysis. Agricultural extension programs promote best practices to prevent disease introduction into nursery and landscape environments. Understanding consumer awareness and perceived risk regarding infestations is crucial as control measures evolve. In our Jul 2020 survey, which had 2795 completed responses from across the United States, we assessed consumer knowledge and opinions regarding boxwood shrubs and Boxwood light. The findings revealed demographic variations in awareness and opinions. Suburban residents were more aware of boxwood blight, whereas urban residents had a higher opinion of boxwood shrubs. From the tobit model, men were more likely to purchase boxwood compared with women despite knowing about blight, and Caucasians compared with non-Caucasians exhibited decreased liking for boxwood after seeing pictures of blight-infected plants. These insights can inform targeted communication strategies and assist consumers, vendors, and related industries in addressing the challenges posed by Boxwood blight. Further research into alternative plant preferences among consumers is also warranted for better development of boxwood blight management strategies.
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Spencer, Erin T., Emilie Richards, Blaire Steinwand, Juliette Clemons, Jessica Dahringer, Priya Desai, Morgan Fisher et al. "A high proportion of red snapper sold in North Carolina is mislabeled". PeerJ 8 (25 giugno 2020): e9218. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9218.
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Seafood mislabeling occurs when a market label is inaccurate, primarily in terms of species identity, but also regarding weight, geographic origin, or other characteristics. This widespread problem allows cheaper or illegally-caught species to be marketed as species desirable to consumers. Previous studies have identified red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) as one of the most frequently mislabeled seafood species in the United States. To quantify how common mislabeling of red snapper is across North Carolina, the Seafood Forensics class at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill used DNA barcoding to analyze samples sold as “red snapper” from restaurants, seafood markets, and grocery stores purchased in ten counties. Of 43 samples successfully sequenced and identified, 90.7% were mislabeled. Only one grocery store chain (of four chains tested) accurately labeled red snapper. The mislabeling rate for restaurants and seafood markets was 100%. Vermilion snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens) and tilapia (Oreochromis aureus and O. niloticus) were the species most frequently substituted for red snapper (13 of 39 mislabeled samples for both taxa, or 26 of 39 mislabeled total). This study builds on previous mislabeling research by collecting samples of a specific species in a confined geographic region, allowing local vendors and policy makers to better understand the scope of red snapper mislabeling in North Carolina. This methodology is also a model for other academic institutions to engage undergraduate researchers in mislabeling data collection, sample processing, and analysis.
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Abdullah, Nuraisyah Chua, Ramzyzan Ramly e Muhammad Izwan Ikhsan. "In Search of Home Sweet Home: Between theory and reality". Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 2, n. 6 (7 novembre 2017): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v2i6.964.
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Houses bought through sub-sale contract are of varying quality. The “caveat emptor” doctrine compels the purchaser to make a thorough investigation in a sub-sale house purchase. The “as is” clause posits that the house is sold based on its existing conditions. This paper analyses the application of the “caveat emptor” and “as is” clause in Malaysia and highlights the framework of information disclosure on property conditions in Malaysia, in comparison with the vendor disclosure laws in the United States and Australia. This paper suggests that a pre-purchase checklist should be provided in a sale and purchase transaction.
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Costello, Laura. "Comparison of E-Book Acquisitions Strategies Across Disciplines Finds Differences in Cost and Usage". Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 12, n. 1 (15 marzo 2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8zp70.
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A Review of:
Carrico, S.B., Cataldo, T.T., Botero, C., & Shelton, T. (2015). What cost and usage data reveals about e-book acquisitions: Ramifications for collection development. ALCTS, 59(3). Retrieved from https://journals.ala.org/lrts/article/view/5752/7199
Abstract
Objective – To compare e-book cost-usage data across different acquisitions styles and disciplines.
Design – Case study.
Setting – A public research university serving an annual enrollment of over 49,000 students and employing more than 3,000 faculty members in the Southern United States.
Subjects – Cost and usage data from 15,006 e-books acquired by the Library through packages, firm orders, and demand-driven acquisitions.
Methods – Data was collected from publishers and vendors across the three acquisitions strategies. Usage, cost, and call number information was collected for the materials purchased via firm order or demand driven acquisitions and these were sorted into disciplines based on the call number assigned. Discipline, cost, and use were determined for each package collection as a whole because information on individual titles was not provided by the publishers. The authors then compared usage and cost across disciplines and acquisitions strategies.
Main Results – Overall, e-books purchased in packages had a 50% use rate and an average cost per use of $3.39, e-books purchased through firm orders had a 52% use rate and an average cost per use of $22.21, and e-books purchased through demand driven acquisitions had an average cost per use of $8.88 and 13.9 average uses per title. Package purchasing was cost effective for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) materials and medicine (MED) materials. Demand driven acquisition was a particularly good strategy for humanities and social sciences (HSS) titles.
Conclusion – There are differences between the acquisitions strategies and disciplines in cost and use. Firm orders had a higher cost per use than the other acquisitions strategies.
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Ricketts, Phylicia, Christopher Knight, Andre Gordon, Ana Boischio e Mitko Voutchkov. "Mercury Exposure Associated with Use of Skin Lightening Products in Jamaica". Journal of Health and Pollution 10, n. 26 (giugno 2020): 200601. http://dx.doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-10.26.200601.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background. Skin bleaching is a major health concern among Jamaicans. A common ingredient in skin lightening products is mercury. Mercury is a toxic substance that can cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract, nervous system and kidneys. Objective. The objectives of this study were to use different analytical techniques to measure mercury concentrations in popular skin lightening products used in Jamaica and to assess individual levels of mercury exposure based on product usage. Methods. Sixty skin lightening products were purchased from different vendors across various locations in Jamaica. Each product was initially screened for mercury using a portable handheld energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer. In addition, 25 out of 60 products were further measured using cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy (CVAAS). Questionnaires were distributed to users of skin lightening products to determine their usage patterns. Results. Six products had mercury concentrations above the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allowable limit of 1 ppm, of which three products contained alarmingly high concentrations (i.e. > 400 ppm). The majority of products (57 out of 60) had mercury concentrations below 10 ppm. The mercury concentrations in skin lightening products ranged from 0.05 ppm to 17,547 ppm. In our sample, 51% of women and 49% of men used skin products more than once per day. Conclusions. On average, creams contained more mercury than lotions and soaps. Individuals who use skin lightening products in Jamaica may be at risk for high mercury exposure, as some popular products were found to have mercury concentrations above the allowable limit. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Rose, Lucy, Abena Minta, Sarah Shareef, Stephanie Adame e Brittany Dulmage. "Availability of cranial prostheses for Black patients at comprehensive cancer centers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, n. 16_suppl (1 giugno 2024): e13681-e13681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e13681.
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e13681 Background: For patients who seek to camouflage cancer-related hair loss, cranial prostheses such as wigs and hair pieces exist. We sought to determine the availability of yaki-textured, type IV curls, and afro wigs at boutiques in Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCCs). Methods: The 56 CCCs in the United States were surveyed to see if they had an affiliated wig boutique or shop for patients experiencing hair loss. Boutique workers were then asked a series of seven questions regarding cranial prostheses options for patients seeking yaki-textured, type IV curls, and afro wigs. The availability of these wigs was compared to US Census data on population size and density of Black residents. Results: Of the 56 CCCs, 26 (46%) institutions had active affiliated hair boutiques, of which 27% (n=7) offered yaki-textured wigs, type IV curls, or afro wigs. Two additional boutiques offered in-store catalogues for Black patients who were interested in naturally appearing wigs. Though two institutions offered a wig bank that was free to all patients, neither had yaki-textured or afro wigs in stock. There was no significant relationship between population or density of Black residents and availability of these wigs. Therefore, most Black patients with cancer who are seeking cranial prostheses will not have access to racially inclusive wigs where they are receiving treatment. Conclusions: Not being able to purchase wigs at CCCs poses potential financial challenges when seeking insurance coverage or reimbursement. Thus, Black patients may disproportionately experience emotional and financial hardships secondary to cancer-related hair loss. With increased inventory of racially inclusive wigs, partnerships with third-party vendors, and support for the prior authorization process, we can better support Black patients experiencing cancer-related hair loss. [Table: see text]
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Knapp, Michael C., e Carol A. Knapp. "Europe's Enron: Royal Ahold, N.V." Issues in Accounting Education 22, n. 4 (1 novembre 2007): 641–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace.2007.22.4.641.
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Royal Ahold, N.V., is a large multinational company based in The Netherlands that was founded in 1887 by Albert Heijn. Three generations of the Heijn family oversaw the company's retail grocery business. In 1989, the company hired a professional management team. The new management team expanded Royal Ahold's operations by purchasing grocery chains around the globe, resulting in the company becoming the third largest food retailer in the world. In 2000, the company diversified into the wholesaling segment of the huge food industry when it purchased U.S. Foodservice, a large food wholesaler based in Columbia, Maryland. Royal Ahold's professional management team established aggressive earnings and revenue goals for the company each year and pressured their subordinates to achieve those goals. An incentive compensation plan awarded large year-end bonuses to managers of operating units that met or surpassed their financial goals. Royal Ahold's decentralized operations, when coupled with the strong incentives to achieve unrealistic earnings and revenue goals, created an environment in which fraud often flourishes. In early 2003, Royal Ahold's independent auditors suspended their fiscal 2002 audit of the company when they discovered numerous potential irregularities in the company's accounting records. Subsequent investigations documented that the company had improperly included the operating results of foreign joint ventures in its consolidated financial statements, had accounted improperly for initial acquisition costs related to several of those joint ventures, and had materially overstated “promotional allowances” due from company vendors. The disclosure of the massive accounting fraud resulted in criminal and civil lawsuits being filed against the company and its top executives in both Europe and the United States. This case examines accounting, auditing, and control issues pertinent to multinational companies. In addition, the case examines recent controversies arising between and among international regulatory agencies and rule-making bodies within the accounting and auditing disciplines. Finally, the case illustrates important risk factors commonly associated with financial statement fraud.
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Mohammad, Zahra H., Heyao Yu, Jack A. Neal, Kristen E. Gibson e Sujata A. Sirsat. "Food Safety Challenges and Barriers in Southern United States Farmers Markets". Foods 9, n. 1 (21 dicembre 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9010012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purchasing fresh and local produce at farmers markets has seen an increasing trend over the past decade. However, with this rise in popularity food safety challenges need to be recognized and addressed. Farmers market managers play a significant role in ensuring that vendors implement food safety practices at the market. Thus, this study investigated the food safety perceptions of farmers markets managers and vendors in Texas and Arkansas. A total of 123 participants were surveyed, including 38 managers and 85 vendors. The survey included a series of questions to determine gaps in vendor and manager food safety knowledge as well as the barriers and factors that prevent the implementation of relevant food safety practices. The results indicate that a lack of facilities, equipment, and resources containing food safety guidelines specific to farmers markets were the major barriers to the implementation of food safety practices. In addition, only 36.7% of participants had formal food safety training (e.g., ServSafe) and approximately 50% of the market managers provided food safety materials to their vendors. Overall, these data suggest that the development of farmers market-specific training programs to enhance food safety behaviors and practices in farmers markets would be beneficial to stakeholders.
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Ervine, W. C. H. "Protecting New Car Purchasers: Recent United States and English Developments Compared". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 34, n. 2 (aprile 1985): 342–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclqaj/34.2.342.
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Cui, Manlin, Chengyan Yue, Li Zhao e Eric Watkins. "United States Consumers’ Landscaping Expenditures: A Case of Garden and Lawn Care Services and Equipment". HortTechnology 33, n. 1 (febbraio 2023): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech05123-22.
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The economic downturns of 2007–09 and the COVID-19 pandemic affected most industries in the United States, including landscape services and equipment sales, and provoked both short-term disruptions and long-term changes. To understand how the landscaping industry has responded, we investigated patterns of consumer expenditures on landscape services and equipment from 2009 through 2021 using a representative sample of 76,895 US households. We categorized US households as detached single-family residents and townhouse residents to more fully articulate the factors that turned potential consumers into purchasers and the factors that affected purchasers’ expenditures. We used a double-hurdle model to identify key factors that drive consumer demand for landscape services and equipment over time, including social-demographics, geographic characteristics, housing conditions, year and seasonal trends, and the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that during the studied period, the demand for landscape services declined in terms of both the percentage of consumers purchasing the services and the purchasers’ average expenditures, while the demand for do-it-yourself (DIY) equipment remained relatively unchanged. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the percentage of consumers who purchased landscape services increased, while the expenditures on landscape services decreased in 2020 and then began to rebound in 2021, but not enough to reverse the overall downward trend. In contrast, purchases of DIY equipment were relatively stable in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and mainly relied on current consumers.
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Granzin, Kent L., e John J. Painter. "Motivational Influences on “Buy Domestic” Purchasing: Marketing Management Implications from a Study of Two Nations". Journal of International Marketing 9, n. 2 (giugno 2001): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.9.2.73.19883.
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“Buy domestic” promotions in various countries often urge citizens to help domestic workers whose jobs are threatened by imports. To explain why purchasers might engage in buy domestic purchase activities, the authors develop and test a model that features six explanatory constructs drawn from previous behavioral research about why people help distressed victims. The authors use multiple-group structural equation analysis of survey data from Portugal and the United States to test the model. The results strongly support the model and are quite consistent for both nations. In both nations, supportive purchase-related behavior increases as purchasers feel competent to help; believe that the threat from imports is salient; perceive social influences that support helping; hold values that derogate foreigners but support domestic citizens; and, for the United States only, perceive lower personal costs of helping. These findings suggest implications for buy domestic promotions.
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Waxman, Henry A. "Developing a Legislative Pathway for Biosimilars in the United States". Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector 6, n. 4 (agosto 2009): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jgm.2009.20.
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Biologies are one of the fastest growing, most important, and most expensive segments of the pharmaceutical industry. The high price of biologies in the United States is making these life-saving drugs unaffordable for many Americans and creating unsustainable burdens on purchasers. While the EU has created an abbreviated approval process for biosimilars, there is no explicit legislative pathway in the United States that would enable generic competition for biologics. The Promoting Innovation and Access to Life-Saving Medicine Act would provide such a generic pathway for biologics, using competition to lower drug prices. The bill provides an appropriate balance between access to affordable medicine and retaining incentives for innovation.
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King, Andrew R., Marco A. Palma, Bridget K. Behe, R. Thomas Fernandez, Lynnell Sage, Charles R. Hall e Michael A. Arnold. "Garden Consumers' Behavior and Attitudes Toward Woody Plants and Water Conservation in Two Selected Communities". Journal of Environmental Horticulture 33, n. 3 (1 settembre 2015): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-33.3.110.
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Sustainability is one of the most important topics facing today's Green Industry. Consumers are increasingly savvy, but previous studies have shown some misperceptions concerning new terminology in the agricultural lexicon. With the recent focus on water issues in large portions of the United States, water conservation is a facet of sustainability that is at the forefront. Previous research has shown that consumers of ornamental horticulture products value energy-saving production practices over those that conserve water, but that could change as water becomes more of a concern. The objective of this study was to determine the attitudes and behaviors of different consumer segments (based on previous plant purchases) concerning water conservation and to identify patterns for each segment. An in-person survey was administered to 108 participants in East Lansing, MI, and College Station, TX, in May of 2013. Participants were asked to provide demographic information, details about plant and garden supply purchasing history and attitudes and behavior toward water conservation and woody plant production. Eight segments were identified through cluster analysis based on previous plant purchases. Clusters included ‘avid plant purchasers’, ‘tree purchasers’, ‘intermediate plant purchasers’, ‘culinary plant purchasers’, ‘indoor plant purchasers’, ‘flowering perennial purchasers’, ‘herb plant purchasers’ and ‘non-plant purchasers’. Attitudes toward water conservation and woody plant production were relatively homogenous though general patterns did emerge. ‘Avid plant purchasers’ expressed a high level of interest (4.1/5) in woody plants while ‘non-plant purchasers’ were least interested (1.6/5). Attitudes toward water conservation were statistically similar (P ≤ 0.05) among all segments except for ‘culinary plant purchasers’ who expressed greater knowledge (3.4/5) and ‘non-plant purchasers’ who expressed less (2.3/5) than the overall mean (3.0/5).
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Kaye, Lawrence M. "Art Loans and Immunity from Seizure in the United States and the United Kingdom". International Journal of Cultural Property 17, n. 2 (maggio 2010): 335–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739110000147.
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AbstractSome countries' laws favoring good-faith purchasers over the victims of theft make it difficult to recover stolen artworks. Nonetheless, the loan of such artworks for exhibition abroad may create opportunities to utilize the host country's legal system for recovery. This article examines representative cases illustrating legal options available to plaintiffs in the United States and the United Kingdom. In the United States, laws at the federal and state level may prevent the seizure of artworks loaned for temporary exhibition, but recent cases show that immunity is not absolute and that such artworks may be subject to suit in the United States. The United Kingdom recently enacted a similar law. That law, however, has been criticized, and future interpretations by U.K. courts will be needed before its true affect can be seen. The article also discusses the backgrounds against which the U.S. and U.K. laws were enacted, illustrating the link between the laws and Russian concerns about protecting cultural artifacts that were nationalized after the Russian Revolution or taken by Soviet troops during World War II.
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Eijkenaar, Frank. "Pay for Performance in Health Care". Medical Care Research and Review 69, n. 3 (6 febbraio 2012): 251–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077558711432891.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Pay for performance (P4P) has become a popular approach to performance improvement in health care. Most of the P4P literature has focused on the United States and there is limited insight in the characteristics of major programs initiated in other countries. This article systematically describes and reviews P4P programs outside the United States. Our literature search identified 13 programs initiated in 9 countries. Although the programs share many similarities, they differ in several important respects, also when compared with the typical P4P program in the United States. In addition, there are clearly possibilities to increase incentive strength and minimize incentives for undesired behavior. In part, observed heterogeneity will be a consequence of contextual differences, but design choices often also seem to be made arbitrarily. In designing their programs, purchasers are hampered by limited knowledge of the influence of specific design choices and effective strategies to mitigate undesired behavior.
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Zinnen, Jack, e Jeffrey W. Matthews. "Native species richness of commercial plant vendors in the Midwestern United States". Native Plants Journal 23, n. 1 (2022): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/npj.23.1.4.
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Zinnen, Jack, e Jeffrey W. Matthews. "Native species richness of commercial plant vendors in the Midwestern United States". Native Plants Journal 23, n. 1 (2022): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/npj.23.1.4.
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Nguyen, Tu Thanh. "Patent Holders' Contractual Restrictions on Downstream Purchasers in the United States and European Union throughQuantaPrism". Journal of World Intellectual Property 12, n. 2 (marzo 2009): 89–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1796.2009.00358.x.
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CLADIS, DENNIS P., ALISON C. KLEINER e CHARLES R. SANTERRE. "Mercury Content in Commercially Available Finfish in the United States". Journal of Food Protection 77, n. 8 (1 agosto 2014): 1361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-097.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Seventy-seven finfish species (300 composites of three fish) were obtained from commercial vendors in six regions of the United States: Great Lakes, mid-Atlantic, New England, northwest, southeast, and southwest. Total mercury in fish muscle tissue ranged from 1 ppb (channel catfish) to 1,425 ppb (king mackerel). Of the top 10 most commonly consumed seafoods in the United States, all finfish species, including salmon species (13 to 62 ppb), Alaskan pollock (11 ppb), tilapia (16 ppb), channel catfish (1 ppb), Atlantic cod (82 ppb), and pangasius (swai) (2 ppb), had low total mercury concentrations. However, two large predatory species, king mackerel and swordfish (1,107 ppb), contained mercury concentrations above the current U.S. Food and Drug Administration action level of 1,000 ppb, indicating that consumers may be unaware that species that are high in mercury are being sold in the marketplace.
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Beck, Thomas J. "Revolution and Protest Online". Charleston Advisor 23, n. 2 (1 ottobre 2021): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.23.2.43.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Revolution and Protest Online is an Alexander Street resource, which provides documents, images and videos on revolutions and resistance, protest, and social movements from the eighteenth to the twenty-first centuries. It can be purchased as a standalone collection with a perpetual access license, or it can be accessed as a Related Collection through a subscription to Global Issues Library, another Alexander Street resource. This database contains original documents and images in PDF format, as well as e-books, monographs, journals, and videos. These are drawn from a variety of national and international sources, and collectively represent several hundred images, almost 200 videos, and nearly 100,000 pages of content.This database is not difficult to navigate, and finding materials there is relatively easy, using either the basic or advanced searches or through browsing. These various search and browse functions can produce useful results, and are easily understandable, though the advanced search is arguably the most flexible and effective (but also the most complex!). Pricing for this database is based on an institution's budget, FTE, and whatever consortia arrangements it and other institutions make with the vendor. As a consequence, its price can vary considerably from one subscriber to another! For a specific price quote, contact Alexander Street. Its licensing agreement is quite average in its length and composition and is apparently the standard one for the vendor. The quality, quantity, and variety of materials in this database is notable. It will certainly be of use to those researching the political, historical, and social aspects of revolution and protest, both in the United States and around the world. However, given its price variability, it may only be of marginal value to institutions with a high purchase/subscription price and a low demand for these kinds of materials.
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Brautigam, Jessica A., James B. Caruthers, Ashley D. Knarr, Todd J. Latiolais, Alice Li, Paul Osadebe e Benjamin P. Rowe. "Analyzing the Demand Aspect of Sex Trafficking: Addressing the Market through Legislation and Tactics". Open Medicine Journal 3, n. 1 (31 ottobre 2016): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874220301603010173.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Human trafficking is a serious human rights violation. To combat human trafficking, the United States government and the State of Texas are shifting policies towards addressing the demand for commercial sex in an attempt to disrupt the trafficking “market.” In order to better understand the sex trafficking market, we examine its components, specifically: suppliers, the supply of victims, and purchasers of victims. This article also provides an overview of federal and Texas anti-trafficking laws and how these laws address demand within their texts. Finally, the article provides an overview of some common demand reduction techniques.
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Sazama, Kathleen. "The Changing Relationships in Transfusion Medicine". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 123, n. 8 (1 agosto 1999): 668–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/1999-123-0668-tcritm.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Maintaining quality in provision of transfusion services in the face of mergers, acquisitions, affiliations, and risk-sharing relationships between organizations that formerly conducted business in a traditional vendor-purchaser model is the ultimate challenge. Publications, both lay and professional, highlight the speed and nature of the impetus for change, especially in the United States, where managed care philosophies are driving a bottom-line mentality. Blood collection and transfusion organizations are developing new relationships, including entry of for-profit entities into a formerly virtually exclusively not-for-profit environment, provision of transfusion services by formerly exclusive blood collection entities and vice versa, outsourcing of selected portions, and other innovative relationships, with significantly more competitive marketing strategies. Measures of quality of transfusion services should benchmark current practices, if possible, before entering into new relationships to ensure that the quality of patient care remains high. Concerns about the fiscal viability of organizations should not minimize safety and availability of blood for transfusion when needed.
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Brzuszek, Robert F., Richard L. Harkess e Lelia Kelly. "Survey of Master Gardener Use of Native Plants in the Southeastern United States". HortTechnology 20, n. 2 (aprile 2010): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.2.462.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Master Gardener program is a volunteer horticultural training and an educational outreach program developed and managed by state cooperative extension services. Previous research in the southeastern United States revealed that landscape architects and contractors are increasingly using native plant materials in their projects and this often exceeds regional plant availability. A survey of green industry in the region showed supply is driven by consumer demand and education. To determine if native plant demand is encountered by plant purchasers other than landscape architects, this study evaluates the interest level and market use of native plants by Master Gardeners of six southeastern states. A web-based survey was developed, and Master Gardeners were invited to participate by their state Master Gardener coordinators. The survey included questions on how Master Gardeners use native plants in their home landscape, how they best learn about them, the species they have purchased, and their interest level. A total of 979 Master Gardeners completed the survey. Results revealed that this particular consumer group is enthusiastic about native plants and supports the landscape professionals' claims that marketing for native plants could improve if plants were available at more retail outlets, by having more types (herbaceous plants, shrubs, and trees) and species for sale, and by offering greater quantities of plants.
30
Kittredge, D. B. "Private Forestland Owners in Sweden: Large-Scale Cooperation in Action". Journal of Forestry 101, n. 2 (1 marzo 2003): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/101.2.41.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Swedish nonindustrial private forestland (NIPF) owners have historically cooperated in associations to obtain market influence and negotiate improved prices with industrial purchasers of wood. This model of cooperation has succeeded for decades and provides insight to the newly emerging cadre of American NIPF owner cooperative groups. Although the Swedish model of cooperation focuses primarily on timber transactions and may not currently be applicable to an American NIPF owner audience with other interests, it is possible to speculate about potential ways this approach may be applied in the United States to achieve broader owner objectives, both through new organizations as well as existing conservation-based groups.
31
Narad, Richard A. "Emerging Organizational Structures in the Ambulance Industry in the United States". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 15, n. 1 (marzo 2000): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00024924.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis analysis seeks to identify emerging forms of organizations in emergency medical services (EMS) in the United States, to provide examples of them, to relate them to changes in healthcare generally, and to apply a classification scheme. Public policy issues related to these new forms of organizations and lessons from other areas of the healthcare system are identified.Recent changes in the healthcare system in the United States have been marked by modifications in the structure of organizations that provide and pay for health services. New forms of organizations and alliances among existing organizations have emerged in an effort to improve the efficiency of the services provided and to improve organizations' market positions.Reflecting increased competition within EMS and the demands of the changing health-care delivery system, several types of organizations have begun to emerge in EMS that resemble those occurring in health care generally. These include forms of horizontal integration, such as consolidated ambulance services and various models of ambulance service networks; and forms of vertical integration, such as demand management programs and public-private joint ventures. The ultimate end might be complete integration with a carve-out of all non-scheduled care.Although changes in EMS organizations result largely from marketplace decisions by sellers and purchasers, this does not mean that there is no public policy role. While new organizational forms may increase the ambulance industry's efficiency, public policy makers must be concerned about quality and access as well. Some policy responses will promote marketplace changes, others will accept them generally, but will seek to correct problems, and a third group will attempt to restrain the market.
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Weinstein, Marc, e Kalila Cheddie. "Adoption and Implementation Barriers for Worksite Health Programs in the United States". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 22 (16 novembre 2021): 12030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212030.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Worksite health promotion programs have been identified as having the potential to mitigate chronic health risks. In the most recent 2017 U.S. CDC survey of workplace health promotion, respondents identified several perceived barriers related to program adoption and implementation. The analysis indicates that challenges negatively associated with having worksite program were lack of senior management support (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.32–0.78), lack of qualified vendors (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.4–0.79), lack of qualified personnel (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35–0.73), and cost (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.39–0.88). Challenges associated with having a program were lack of employee interest (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.44–3.03), lack of space (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.26–2.48), and demonstrating program results (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.44–3.03). These findings can provide insights to policy makers, insurers, and employers seeking to implement workplace-based health promotion initiatives.
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Brecher, Charles. "Financement privé et réglementation : l’expérience du système de santé des États-Unis". Revue française d'administration publique 43, n. 1 (1987): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfap.1987.1853.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Private Financing and the regulation of health care : the United States experience. The United States health care System is distinguished by a relatively large share of expenditures made in the private sector. However, despite some popular beliefs, this large role for private financing has not been associated with freedom from regulation. Private purchasers of care, including businesses and unions, are increasingly concerned with controlling costs. This has transformed the private health insurance industry from a System whose major purpose was to raise revenues for hospitals to one whose principal product is an ability to control medical care utilization by monitoring and regulating physicians behavior. This change in the industry is related to four trends — the use of experience rating, the participation of private firms in government programs, the growth of self-insurance, and vertical integration of insurers and providers. In addition, the recent substantial increase in the supply of physicians has weakened the previously strong political and economic position of the medical profession and made doctors more vulnerable to competitive pressures.
34
Geck, Caroline. "Data Planet". Charleston Advisor 22, n. 1 (1 luglio 2020): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.22.1.14.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This comprehensive and growing subscription database from SAGE Publishing is a repository of over 157 billion data points and 12.6 billion updated datasets from over 500 United States and international source providers and 80 vendors. This repository has aggregated and organized data from disparate, but authoritative, public, private, and commercial sources. The data is then transformed into a homogeneous library and informational product created with features, such as 37 metadata fields, to enhance organization and searchability. Subscribers, especially in the United States and in fields such as academia, business, and government and policy-making, can quickly access archived data using either one of two different powerful interfaces or alternatively, access data using the 287 hyperlinked Libguides or library guides and create Web pages of data called datasheets that serve as focal points for analyzing statistics of interest. Individuals are offered a variety of functions that assist with analyses and research, such as customizations, integrations, visualizations, and citing. For niche business research needs and for additional fees, the core resource can be bundled with any of the seven premium database products from high quality vendors. These databases include China Yearly Statistics, EASI Market Planner, InfoGroup Business USA, International Equities and Metals, Claritas Consumer Profiles, Claritas Financial and Insurance CLOUT™, and Quarterly Workforce Indicators.
35
Berg, Carla J., Regine Haardörfer, Zachary Cahn, Steven Binns, Yoonsang Kim, Glen Szczypka e Sherry Emery. "The Association between Twitter Activity and E-cigarette Purchasing". Tobacco Regulatory Science 5, n. 6 (1 novembre 2019): 502–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.5.6.3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objectives: Industry, policymakers, researchers, and others have interest in social media, assuming that they influence – or reflect – individual behavior, despite limited supporting research. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) emerged in the United States in the past decade alongside strong social media presence, making ENDS relevant for examining this issue. In this study, we examined monthly ENDS-related Twitter activity (tweet volume) in relation to monthly ENDS purchasing among ENDS purchasers. Methods: Data from 2105 Nielsen Consumer Panel households with any ENDS purchases from October 2012 to September 2015 were examined, accounting for ENDS advertising expenditures, state-level tobacco environment, and consumer characteristics. Results: ENDS-related purchases and twitter volume increased over time; advertising expenditures did not increase at the same level. Bivariate analyses indicated that ENDS purchases increased over time (p < .001) and were related to lower designated market area advertising expenditures (p = .025), higher cigarette taxes (p = .015), and older consumer age (p = .001). Among ENDS purchasers, multivariate analyses indicated that purchases correlated positively with tweet volume but negatively with advertising expenditure measures. Conclusions: Social media (eg, Twitter) may offer platforms for monitoring and/or intervening with respect to ENDS use, and potentially the ENDS industry, which engages in social media.
36
Sahl, Silke. "Introduction". International Journal of Legal Information 31, n. 2 (2003): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500010519.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Like most members, I always look forward to the Association's Annual Course on International Law Librarianship. The program offers countless learning opportunities, including scholarly lectures, visits to libraries and information centers, and meetings with publishers and vendors. Last but not least, it offers the chance to meet new colleagues as well as to renew friendships and contacts with law librarians from around the world. I anticipated the 2002 Course with particular excitement, because this would be the first time that I would attend one in my own country. Indeed, it would be the first time IALL met in the United States for over a decade. Having experienced the hospitality of law librarians in many different countries over the years, I knew it would be especially meaningful to be able to welcome colleagues from abroad to the United States.
37
Košutić, Radmilo V. "„Наша пресвета смрт“: феномен култа Свете Смрти у Мексику". Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 11, n. 4 (2 gennaio 2017): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v11i4.9.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this paper is brief presentation of learning and development of the cult of Saint Death, and to indicate to the interest in anthropology and religious studies on this phenomenon that contributes to a better understanding of this interesting topic. It is certainly not an exhaustive study on this issue, but only a starting point for further, more comprehensive and interdisciplinary researches. The cult of Saint Death is increasingly popular, not only in Mexico but also in neighboring countries, such as Guatemala, El Salvador and the United States. The cult of Saint Death is already a social phenomenon which has yet to be systematically explored, especially as this syncretic religious system is very popular among the Mexican underworld: drug dealers, street vendors, taxi drivers, vendors, piracy, street children, prostitutes, pickpockets, criminal gangs and murderers.
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STIVRINS, PATRICIA. "Sudden Infant Death Syndrome". Pediatrics 79, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1987): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.79.1.161a.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
To the Editor.— I believe that the article by Davidson Ward (Pediatrics 1986;77:451-455) may adversely influence the use of home cardiorespiratory monitoring in the United States. There are several serious problems with this paper. 1. The authors admit that they only had responses from 35% of the apnea programs and 40% of the vendors in their state. This may have very seriously distorted their findings. 2. Death should not be the lone evaluation mode for benefit for home monitoring.
39
Reidelbach, John H., e Gary M. Shirk. "Selecting an approval plan vendor III: Academic librarians' evaluations of eight United States approval plan vendors". Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory 9, n. 3 (gennaio 1985): 177–260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0364-6408(85)90002-x.
Testo completo
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Landry, Matthew J., Kim Phan, Jared T. McGuirt, Alek Ostrander, Lilian Ademu, Mia Seibold, Kathleen McCallops, Tara Tracy, Sheila E. Fleischhacker e Allison Karpyn. "USDA Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Vendor Criteria: An Examination of US Administrative Agency Variations". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 7 (29 marzo 2021): 3545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073545.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The food retail environment has been directly linked to disparities in dietary behaviors and may in part explain racial and ethnic disparities in pregnancy-related deaths. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC), administered by the United States Department of Agriculture, is associated with improved healthy food and beverage access due to its requirement for minimum stock of healthy foods and beverages in WIC-eligible stores. The selection and authorization criteria used to authorize WIC vendors varies widely from state to state with little known about the specific variations. This paper reviews and summarizes the differences across 16 of these criteria enacted by 89 WIC administrative agencies: the 50 states, the District of Columbia, five US Territories, and 33 Indian Tribal Organizations. Vendor selection and authorization criteria varied across WIC agencies without any consistent pattern. The wide variations in criteria and policies raise questions about the rational for inconsistency. Some of these variations, in combination, may result in reduced access to WIC-approved foods and beverages by WIC participants. For example, minimum square footage and/or number of cash register criteria may limit vendors to larger retail operations that are not typically located in high-risk, under-resourced communities where WIC vendors are most needed. Results highlight an opportunity to convene WIC stakeholders to review variations, their rationale, and implications thereof especially as this process could result in improved policies to ensure and improve healthy food and beverage access by WIC participants. More work remains to better understand the value of state WIC vendor authorization authority, particularly in states that have provided stronger monitoring requirements. This work might also examine if and how streamlining WIC vendor criteria (or at least certain components of them) across regional areas or across the country could provide an opportunity to advance interstate commerce and promote an equitable supply of food across the food system, while ensuring the protection for local, community-oriented WIC vendors.
41
Sarmiento, Hugo, Chris Tilly, Enrique de la Garza Toledo e José Luis Gayosso Ramírez. "The Unexpected Power of Informal Workers in the Public Square: A Comparison of Mexican and US Organizing Models". International Labor and Working-Class History 89 (2016): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547915000368.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractStreet vendors in Mexico and day laborers in the United States, both groups of informal workers who labor in public space, face formidable structural obstacles to securing their rights as workers. Despite their apparent vulnerability, these informal workers have built perhaps the most powerful informal worker organizations in their countries. In this article, we explore and explain to the extent possible the sources, forms, and limits of this unexpected power. We explore organizational and strategic commonalities as well as differences and seek to explain both.
42
Mukama, Sabatho L., Kassim B. Kipanga e George M. Siage. "Liability In The Cyber Space In Tanzania: A Focus On Internet Service Providers". Accountancy and Business Review 15, n. 1 (8 maggio 2023): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.59645/abr.v15i1.95.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Internet Service in Tanzania is provided by different vendors, both public and private. These providers are known as Internet Service Providers (ISPs). This paper examines ISPs as provided by The Electronic and Postal Communications Act, 2010, The Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority Act, 2003 and The Cybercrimes Act, 2015. The focus is on the nature of liability, extent of liability, and legal basis for such liability. Upon comparison of the nature of liability in Tanzania with selected jurisdictions, The study found that, unlike in the United Kingdom (UK), the United States (US) and India, where the nature of liability is mainly civil, in Tanzania liability of ISPs leanest more towards criminal as opposed to civil liability.
43
Domínguez-Delgado, Rubén, Kathleen A. Hansen e Nora Paul. "Educating Journalism Students About News Archives: A Global Comparison With Special Focus on Spain and the United States". Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 74, n. 1 (20 novembre 2017): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077695817740232.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Journalists and news archivists are natural allies. Journalists require previously published reporting as context for their new stories. Archivists ensure that material is preserved for future retrieval. Local news archives serve as a cultural, legal, economic, and genealogical resource for their communities. Now, the archiving function in news organizations is relegated to information vendors with little input from journalists. Rarely are journalism and archiving coupled in programs that train future professionals. This article explores the current state of journalism and library science education globally and suggests ways to strengthen education in news archiving in these programs.
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Abutabenjeh, Sawsan, Stephen B. Gordon e Berhanu Mengistu. "International trade protectionist policies and in-state preferences: A link". Journal of Public Procurement 17, n. 1 (1 marzo 2017): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-17-01-2017-b002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
By implementing various forms of preference policies, countries around the world intervene in their economies for their own political and economic purposes. Likewise, twenty-five states in the U.S. have implemented in-state preference policies (NASPO, 2012) to protect and support their own vendors from out-of-state competition to achieve similar purposes. The purpose of this paper is to show the connection between protectionist public policy instruments noted in the international trade literature and the in-state preference policies within the United States. This paper argues that the reasons and the rationales for adopting these preference policies in international trade and the states' contexts are similar. Given the similarity in policy outcomes, the paper further argues that the international trade literature provides an overarching explanation to help understand what states could expect in applying in-state preference policies.
45
Diller, Paul A., e Samantha Graff. "Regulating Food Retail for Obesity Prevention: How Far Can Cities Go?" Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 39, S1 (2011): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2011.00575.x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A growing number of cities and counties have emerged as leaders in the fight against obesity in the United States and have enacted innovative policies to address this epidemic. Much of this local strategy focuses on how retail food establishments — namely, chain restaurants, corner stores, supermarkets, farmers markets, and mobile vendors – affect public health. Recognizing the enormous influence a community’s food environment has on the quality and quantity of what people eat, cities and counties have sought to encourage food retail establishments to promote healthier options through regulations and incentives.
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Orser, Barbara, Allan Riding e Julie Weeks. "The efficacy of gender-based federal procurement policies in the United States". International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 11, n. 1 (11 marzo 2019): 6–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-02-2019-139.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose Because procurement policies are one of the means of redressing discrimination and economic exclusion, the US Government has targeted 23 per cent of its annual half-trillion dollar spend to small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and 5 per cent of its spend to women-owned businesses. Design/methodology/approach The research framework is informed by two theoretical paradigms, feminist empiricism and entrepreneurial feminism, and uses a secondary analysis of survey data of active federal contractors. Findings Empirical findings inform the extent to which certifications are associated with bid frequency and bid success. The results indicate that none of the various certifications increase either bid frequency or bid success. The findings are consistent with entrepreneurial feminism and call for federal accountability in contracting with women-owned supplier firms. Research limitations/implications The findings are consistent with entrepreneurial feminism and call for federal accountability in contracting with women-owned supplier firms. Practical implications Recommendations include the need to review the impact of consolidated tenders on designated (as certified) SME vendors and to train procurement personnel about the economic contributions of women-owned businesses. Originality/value This research studies the efficacy of various certifications, with particular reference to that of women-owned, on the frequency with which SMEs bid on, and succeed in obtaining, US federal procurement contracts.
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Wintemute, Garen J., Andrew Crawford, Sonia L. Robinson, Elizabeth A. Tomsich, Paul M. Reeping, Julia P. Schleimer e Veronica A. Pear. "Firearm Ownership and Support for Political Violence in the United States". JAMA Network Open 7, n. 4 (9 aprile 2024): e243623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.3623.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ImportanceLittle is known about support for and willingness to engage in political violence in the United States. Such violence would likely involve firearms.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether firearm owners’ and nonowners’ support for political violence differs and whether support among owners varies by type of firearms owned, recency of purchase, and frequency of carrying a loaded firearm in public.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional nationally representative survey study was conducted from May 13 to June 2, 2022, among US adult members of the Ipsos KnowledgePanel, including an oversample of firearm owners.ExposureFirearm ownership vs nonownership.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMain outcomes concern (1) support for political violence, in general and to advance specific political objectives; (2) personal willingness to engage in political violence, by severity of violence and target population; and (3) perceived likelihood of firearm use in political violence. Outcomes are expressed as weighted proportions and adjusted prevalence differences, with P values adjusted for the false-discovery rate and reported as q values.ResultsThe analytic sample comprised 12 851 respondents: 5820 (45.3%) firearm owners, 6132 (47.7%) nonowners without firearms at home, and 899 (7.0%) nonowners with firearms at home. After weighting, 51.0% (95% CI, 49.9%-52.1%) were female, 8.5% (95% CI, 7.5%-9.5%) Hispanic, 9.1% (95% CI, 8.1%-10.2%) non-Hispanic Black, and 62.6% (95% CI, 61.5%-63.8%) non-Hispanic White; the mean (SD) age was 48.5 (18.0) years. Owners were more likely than nonowners without firearms at home to consider violence usually or always justified to advance at least 1 of 17 specific political objectives (owners: 38.8%; 95% CI, 37.3%-40.4%; nonowners: 29.8%; 95% CI, 28.5%-31.2%; adjusted difference, 6.5 percentage points; 95% CI, 4.5-9.3 percentage points; q &lt; .001) but were not more willing to engage in political violence. Recent purchasers, owners who always or nearly always carry loaded firearms in public, and to a lesser extent, owners of assault-type rifles were more supportive of and willing to engage in political violence than other subgroups of firearm owners.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study of support for political violence in the United States, differences between firearm owners and nonowners without firearms at home were small to moderate when present. Differences were greater among subsets of owners than between owners and nonowners. These findings can guide risk-based prevention efforts.
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Cosgrove, Kelly, Maricarmen Vizcaino e Christopher Wharton. "COVID-19-Related Changes in Perceived Household Food Waste in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 3 (27 gennaio 2021): 1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031104.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Food waste contributes to adverse environmental and economic outcomes, and substantial food waste occurs at the household level in the US. This study explored perceived household food waste changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and related factors. A total of 946 survey responses from primary household food purchasers were analyzed. Demographic, COVID-19-related household change, and household food waste data were collected in October 2020. Wilcoxon signed-rank was used to assess differences in perceived food waste. A hierarchical binomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine whether COVID-19-related lifestyle disruptions and food-related behavior changes increased the likelihood of household food waste. A binomial logistic regression was conducted to explore the contribution of different food groups to the likelihood of increased food waste. Perceived food waste, assessed as the estimated percent of food wasted, decreased significantly during the pandemic (z = −7.47, p < 0.001). Food stockpiling was identified as a predictor of increased overall food waste during the pandemic, and wasting fresh vegetables and frozen foods increased the odds of increased food waste. The results indicate the need to provide education and resources related to food stockpiling and the management of specific food groups during periods of disruption to reduce food waste.
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Watanabe, Jonathan H., e Dagmara Zajac. "Aspirin Use in Older People Highlights the Need for Improved Inclusion of Older People in Clinical Trials". Senior Care Pharmacist 39, n. 6 (1 giugno 2024): 209–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/tcp.n.2024.209.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The articles in the June issue serve not only to inform senior care pharmacists on the importance of evidence-based approaches to reduce unnecessary aspirin use, but they also underscore the urgent need for the large and rapid increase in older adult representation in clinical trials and clinical research in general. A striking analysis performed in the United States that examined the trial populations used for Medicare coverage determinations found that while the average age of a Medicare enrollee was 70.8 years old (74.7 years old for older Medicare participants), the average age of the clinical trial population patients used in technology assessments for Medicare coverage determinations was 60.1 years. Hence, the US Medicare system, one of the largest national health care purchasers for older patients in the world, has relied on non-representative data to inform medical coverage decisions.
50
Paganelli, Andrea, e Samuel Northern. "School Library eBook Providers and Spanish Language Equity:". School Libraries Worldwide 28, n. 1 (18 aprile 2023): 34–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/slw8510.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The goal of this study is to revisit and contrast the original data from “School Library eBook Providers and Spanish Language Equity: An Analysis of eBook Collections Available to School Libraries.” Our original study examined the eBooks in Spanish provided by vendors of library resources to school libraries to determine if there are equitable offerings of eBooks in Spanish relative to the Spanish speaking school population in the United States. The processes in that study were replicated where possible and expanded upon for contextual understanding. Results indicate an increase in the Spanish language eBook options available in this replication study.