Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Véhicules autonomes – Mesures de sécurité"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Véhicules autonomes – Mesures de sécurité":
Rudyk, Ilja. "Self-driving vehicles and patenting trends – Evidence from European Patent Applications". Pin Code N° 2, n. 2 (28 luglio 2019): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pinc.002.0039.
GAGNON, Mélanie, Catherine BEAUDRY e Ann-Gabrielle CARETTE. "L’organisation collective pour l’obtention d’une voix au chapitre". Revue multidisciplinaire sur l'emploi, le syndicalisme et le travail 10, n. 2 (21 giugno 2017): 66–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040295ar.
Ruegg, Jean, Francisco Klauser e Valérie November. "Du citoyen et de la « civilité ». Réflexions à partir de l’exemple de la vidéosurveillance". Lien social et Politiques, n. 57 (20 settembre 2007): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/016393ar.
"Cour constitutionnelle, 30 septembre 2021". Forum de l’assurance N° 225, n. 6 (1 giugno 2022): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/foas.225.0112.
Tesi sul tema "Véhicules autonomes – Mesures de sécurité":
Grébonval, Cyrille. "Automatisation des véhicules et nouveaux habitacles : postures de confort et risques associés en cas de choc". Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE1328.
Considerable research and development efforts are currently focused on automated vehicles that could free drivers from driving tasks and allow them to perform new activities (e.g. working, sleeping). Such activities would benefit from new seating configurations. However, even if a high level of safety is expected for these future vehicles, accidents will continue to occur. Current protective devices are designed for a driving position. They may require modifications to maintain the current level of protection for new occupant positions. This thesis aims to identify the risks and opportunities in terms of occupant protection associated with new positions that could appear with automated vehicles. The analyses used digital human models for applied traffic safety which have proven to be a relevant risk assessment tool. Particular attention was paid to assessing the validity of the models after repositioning. The work provided a better understanding of the restraint mechanisms in reclined configurations during a frontal impact. These positions appear to be critical with a difficult restraint of the pelvis or loading of the lumbar spine depending on the seat angle. The occupant response was also significantly affected by the initial position of the pelvis. These results can be used to help design and evaluate new restraint systems. In order to better understand the comfortable position in these reclined configurations, an experimental study was carried out using a multi-adjustable seat. These experiments enabled, on the one hand, to identify the comfort seat configurations, and on the other hand to establish the relationships between these seat configurations and the position of the internal skeleton and in particular for the pelvis. These results can in particular help the positioning of occupants during physical or digital tests. Overall, this work shows the strong interaction between comfort and safety for the design of new passenger cars
Zhang, Hongyi. "Road surface condition detection for autonomous vehicle by NIR LED system and machine learning approaches". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPAST106.
The field of autonomous vehicles has aroused great interest in recent years. In order to ensure the passenger to get a safe and comfortable experience on autonomous vehicles, advanced obstacle systems have to be implemented. Although current solutions for detecting obstacles have shown quite good performances, they have to be improved for an increased safety of autonomous vehicles on road, both in day-time and night-time conditions. In particular, autonomous vehicles in real life may encounter ice, snow or water puddles, which may be the cause of severe crashes and traffic accidents. The detection systems must hence allow detecting changes in road conditions to anticipate the vehicle reaction and/or deactivate the automated functions. The aim of this thesis is to propose a system implemented on the autonomous vehicles in order to detect the road surface conditions induced by the weather. After deep investigation of the state of art, a near infrared (NIR) system based on LEDs and a machine learning system were proposed for daytime and night-time detection. The NIR systems with three LEDs were investigated with experimental validations. In addition, the specifications of the NIR systems are carefully discussed. Furthermore, the machine learning system is proposed as a supplementary system. The performance of different models is compared in terms of classification accuracy and model complexity. Finally, the results are discussed and a combination of the two systems is proposed
Koné, Tchoya Florence. "Contribution à la démonstration de la sécurité du véhicule autonome, basée sur une stratégie de génération de scénarios, modélisée par niveaux d’abstraction et orientée par la sensibilité du VA, pour une validation par simulation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0182.
This CIFRE thesis, carried out within Stellantis, provides a scenario generation strategy, modelled by levels of abstraction and oriented by the sensitivity of the AV, for a simulation-based validation process. This work is within the scope of the ISO PAS 21448 /SOTIF (Safety Of The Intended Functionality) standard.To do this, the approach followed is based on five contributions: (1) An analysis of the functional architecture of the AV and the highlighting of the challenges related to its safety validation: normative aspects, simulation chains, the presence of uncertainty in the operational environment of the AV. (2) The proposal of a conceptual framework (knowledge model) on which the scenario generation methodology to be proposed later will be based. (3) A summary of the indicators used in the literature, as well as those that we will use in our final generation strategy, including the sensitivity indicator. It also gives a structure of the system of scenario generation and simulation based validation of the safety of the AV, as well as the way in which the indicators will be exploited in this structure. (4) The proposal of a scenario generation heuristic and the estimation of the risk indicator associated with the AV. This fourth contribution is based on the elements developed in the previous contributions: the proposed conceptual model (contribution 2), the structure of the generation and validation system and the associated indicators (contribution 3). (5) Finally, the last contribution is an implementation of the previous proposals via a case study.Keywords: Autonomous Vehicle (AV), Safety Of The Intended Functionality (SOTIF), Functional performance limitation, Functional insufficiencies, Critical scenarios, Sensitivity metric, Scenarios generation strategy, Simulation-based Validation process
Diallo, El-hacen. "Study and Design of Blockchain-based Decentralized Road Traffic Data Management in VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG017.
The prominence of autonomous vehicles has imposed the need for more secure road traffic data (i.e., events related to accidents, traffic state, attack report, etc.) management in VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks). Traditional centralized systems address this need by leveraging remote servers far from the vehicles. That is not an optimal solution as road traffic data must be distributed and securely cached close to cars to enhance performance and reduce bandwidth overhead. Blockchain technology offers a promising solution thanks to its decentralization property. But some questions remain unanswered: how to design blockchain-adapted traffic data validation, which is more complex than an economic transaction? What is the performance in real-world VANET scenarios?This thesis addresses those questions by designing blockchain-adapted traffic data management. The performance analysis and the validation of the proposed schemes are conducted through various simulations of real scenarios.We first adapt the PoW (Proof of Work) consensus mechanism to the VANET context whereby the RSUs (Road Side Units) maintain the decentralized database of road traffic data. After that, the proposed scheme is evaluated in the presence of malicious vehicles. The results show that the proposed approach enables a secure and decentralized database of road traffic data at the RSUs level.Next, motivated by our findings, we adopt PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance), a voting-based consensus mechanism, to reduce the blockchain latency. The traffic data validators are dynamically selected based on traffic event appearance location. Finally, we propose a novel blockchain replication scheme between RSUs. This scheme offers a trade-off between the blockchain latency and replication frequency. Simulation results show better performance when the validators (i.e., RSUs) are minimized.Finally, we propose a trust model to minimize the validators without compromising the decentralization and fairness of block-creation. This trust model leverages the geographical distance and the RSUs trust to dynamically form a group of validators for each block in the blockchain. We formalize and evaluate this trust model, considering various scenarios with malicious RSUs. Results show the efficiency of the proposed model to minimize the validators group while isolating malicious RSUs
Zhao, Xiaoyuan. "Assessing pedestrian decision making in the presence of automated vehicles : mitigating risks for safer urban environment". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=6155&f=67686.
Each year, around 1.35 million fatalities occur on roads worldwide. Of particular concern is the fact that over a quarter of these fatalities comprise vulnerable road users, notably pedestrians and cyclists. The advancement of Automated vehicles (AVs) technology, particularly with full automation, is envisioned to reduce the number of crashes by eliminating human errors in driving. However, the introduction of these vehicles into the existing traffic system necessitates their harmonious coexistence with human road users, including pedestrians. Consequently, the integration of AVs may introduce a new set of road safety concerns originating from potential human errors/violations in interactions with this emergent technology. To increase the likelihood of achieving safe and efficient interactions between AVs and pedestrians, the function of this system must be optimized by identifying and addressing human factor related risks and challenges. At the center of the human factors-related challenges concerning pedestrian-AV interaction is underlined by the fact that pedestrian behavior is extremely flexible and influenced by a multitude of contextual factors such as built environment, as well as psychological factors such as risk perception. Moreover, it is reasonable to expect that pedestrians may adapt to new behavior patterns in response to the introduction of AVs. For these reasons, it is essential to understand pedestrians' perceptions about AVs and behavioral responses when interacting with them within diverse road contexts, all while considering the underlying psychological mechanisms at play. This nuanced understanding is a prerequisite for the design of safe, trustworthy, and acceptable AVs, thereby facilitating harmonious road sharing between pedestrians and these vehicles. This PhD work, therefore, focuses on the interactions between AVs and pedestrians from the perspective of pedestrians. It includes three studies, each focusing on different contexts in which pedestrian-AV interactions take place. Using an online survey, the first study seeks to understand pedestrians' perceptions and beliefs about AVs as influential factors motivating their intention to take risks when crossing road in front of AVs, particularly in time-sensitive situations. The second study explores utilizes a video-based experiment to assess the influence of external Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs) on pedestrians' decision-making process, specifically under conditions of high mental workload, during interactions with AVs. The last study performs a virtual reality (VR) experiment to further investigate the process of which pedestrians acquire knowledge and skills to interact with AVs, potentially influenced by other pedestrians. Collectively, findings of the three studies show that AVs and their interaction strategies (i.e. eHMIs) may have the potential to lead pedestrians to make decisions that are less safe or less appropriate in specific contexts. These findings shed light on the potential risks and challenges associated with the deployment of AVs and eHMI systems in real-world traffic scenarios
Karray, Khaled. "Cyber-security of connected vehicles : contributions to enhance the risk analysis and security of in-vehicle communications". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT023.
During the last decade, technological advances have made the car more and more connected to the outside world. On the flip side, thistechnological transformation has made modern vehicles subject to advanced cyber attacks. The cyber-physical architectures of automotive systems were not designed with security in mind. With the integration of connected platforms into these cyberphysical systems, the threat landscape has radically changed. Lately, multiple security breaches targeting different car manufacturers have been reported mainly by the scientific community. This makes security a critical concern, with a high impact especially on future autonomous driving. In order to address this gap, rigorous security engineering needs to be integrated into the design process of an automotive system and new protection methods adapted to the specificities of the vehicle systems must be introduced. Threat modeling and risk analysis are essential building blocks of this process. In this context, attack trees proved to be a reasonably good way to model attack steps. Nevertheless, given the diversity of architectures, it can quickly become a burden to draw attack trees for all architectures. This thesis tackles the issues of security of connected vehicles. The proposed approach allows enhancing the threat analysis with the automated generation of attack tree used to assist in the risk assessment step. We also propose novel and efficient protection mechanisms for in-vehicle communication networks capable of coping with existing cyber-physical attacks
Li, Letitia. "Approche orientée modèles pour la sûreté et la sécurité des systèmes embarqués". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLT002/document.
The presence of communicating embedded systems/IoTs in our daily lives have brought a myriad of benefits, from adding conveniences and entertainment, to improving the safety of our commutes and health care. However, the flaws and vulnerabilities in these devices expose their users to risks of property damage, monetary losses, and personal injury. For example, consumer vehicles, both connected and conventional, have succumbed to a variety of design flaws resulting in injuries and death. At the same time, as vehicles are increasingly connected (and in the near future, autonomous), researchers have demonstrated possible hacks on their sensors or internal control systems, including direct injection of messages on the CAN bus.Ensuring the safety of users or bystanders involves considering multiple factors. Conventional safety suggests that a system should not contain software and hardware flaws which can prevent it from correct function. `Safety of the Intended Function' involves avoiding the situations which the system or its components cannot handle, such as adverse extreme environmental conditions. Timing can be critical for certain real-time systems, as the system will need to respond to certain events, such as obstacle avoidance, within a set period to avoid dangerous situations. Finally, the safety of a system depends on its security. An attacker who can send custom commands or modify the software of the system may change its behavior and send it into various unsafe situations. Various safety and security countermeasures for embedded systems, especially connected vehicles, have been proposed. To place these countermeasures correctly requires methods of analyzing and verifying that the system meets all safety, security, and performance requirements, preferably at the early design phases to minimize costly re-work after production. This thesis discusses the safety and security considerations for embedded systems, in the context of Institut Vedecom's autonomous vehicle. Among the proposed approaches to ensure safety and security in embedded systems, Model-Driven Engineering is one such approach that covers the full design process, from elicitation of requirements, design of hardware and software, simulation/formal verification, and final code generation. This thesis proposes a modeling-based methodology for safe and secure design, based on the SysML-Sec Methodology, which involve new modeling and verification methods. Security modeling is generally performed in the last phases of design. However, security impacts the early architecture/mapping and HW/SW partitioning decisions should be made based on the ability of the architecture to satisfy security requirements. This thesis proposes how to model the security mechanisms and the impact of an attacker as relevant to the HW/SW Partitioning phase. As security protocols negatively impact performance, it becomes important to measure both the usage of hardware components and response times of the system. Overcharged components can result in unpredictable performance and undesired delays. This thesis also discusses latency measurements of safety-critical events, focusing on one critical to autonomous vehicles: braking as after obstacle detection. Together, these additions support the safe and secure design of embedded systems
Aljnidi, Mohamad. "Vers un système d'administration de la sécurité pour les réseaux autonomes". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00570696.
Machin, Mathilde. "Synthèse de règles de sécurité pour des systèmes autonomes critiques". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30129/document.
Autonomous systems operating in the vicinity of humans are critical in that they potentially harm humans. In these systems, fault removal is not sufficient given the command complexity and their interactions with an unstructured environment. By a fault tolerance approach, we consider a safety monitor separated from the main command and able to observe and intervene on the system. The monitor behavior is specified by safety rules that must both ensure safety and permit the system to carry out its tasks in absence of hazard. We propose a systematic method to obtain these safety rules. The hazards, determined by a risk analysis, are formally modeled, then an algorithm synthesizes safe and permissive rules, if any exists. The method is tooled both for modeling and synthesis by use of the model-checker NuSMV. Method and tools are applied to the industrial use case of a robotic co-worker
Tagne, Fokam Gilles. "Commande et planification de trajectoires pour la navigation de véhicules autonomes". Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP2004/document.
My research focuses on trajectory planning and control of autonomous vehicles. This work is a part of an extremely ambitious project launched by the Heudiasyc laboratory about autonomous driving at high speed (longitudinal speed greater to 5m/s ~= 18 km/h). With regard to the control of autonomous vehicles at high speed, a lateral controler using higher-order sliding mode control is proposed. Given the implicit similarity between the sliding mode and the principle of immersion and invariance, two controllers using the principle of immersion and invariance have been subsequently proposed in order to improve the performance with respect to the sliding mode. The development of these new controllers shows very strong robust stability which leads us to study the intrinsic properties of the system. A study of the passivity properties of the system is also crried out, showing some interesting characteristics of the system. Hence, a robust passivity-based controller has been developed. Regarding the navigation, we have developed two navigation algorithms based on the tentacles method. Subsequently, a feasibility study of trajectory generation strategies for high speed driving is conducted. The outcome of the simulation proved that the algorithms gave out good results with respect to the expected ogjectives of obstacle avoidance and global reference path following. Control and motion planning algorithms developed were validated offline by simulation with real data. They have been also tested on a realistic simulator
Libri sul tema "Véhicules autonomes – Mesures de sécurité":
Branch, Canada Motor Carrier. Commercial vehicle safety in Canada =: Sécurité des véhicules commerciaux au Canada. Ottawa, Ont: Transport Canada = Transports Canada, 1989.
Bruno, Claudio. Nuclear space power and propulsion systems. Reston, Va: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008.
Staff, SAE International (Society), e Juan R. Pimentel. Characterizing the Safety of Automated Vehicles. SAE International, 2019.
Pimentel, Juan R. Role of ISO 26262: Book 4 - Automated Vehicle Safety. SAE International, 2019.
Staff, SAE International (Society), e Juan R. Pimentel. Automated Vehicles: Safety of the Intended Functionality. SAE International, 2019.
1999 Sae Handbook. Society of Automotive Engineers Inc, 1999.
Staff, SAE International (Society), e Juan R. Pimentel. Automated Vehicles: Multi-Agent Safety. SAE International, 2019.
D'Anna, Gloria. Cybersecurity for Commercial Vehicles. SAE International, 2018.
D'Anna, Gloria. Cybersecurity for Commercial Vehicles. SAE International, 2018.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Véhicules autonomes – Mesures de sécurité":
Cherfi, Abraham, Emmanuel Arbaretier e Linda Zhao. "Sécurité-innocuité des véhicules autonomes : enjeux et verrous". In Congrès Lambda Mu 20 de Maîtrise des Risques et de Sûreté de Fonctionnement, 11-13 Octobre 2016, Saint Malo, France. IMdR, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/61697.