Tesi sul tema "Véhicule à hydrogène"
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Cailliez, Sylvain. "Modélisation du comportement et du vieillissement d'une batterie utilisée en propulsion automobile". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0006.
Testo completoThe present context calls for an accelerated transition from internal combustion engines to zero-emission alternatives. In the short term, the battery electric vehicle is the most likely alternative, but its limited range, lifespan, flexibility and reliability are slowing down its full deployment.Optimising the energy management of the battery pack is a key factor in improving the performance of battery electric vehicles. However, the battery is a complex component evolving within an equally complex environment with multiple interactions. Modelling is therefore the most powerful tool to achieve the best possible synergy within the vehicle system.The objective of this study is to develop a general methodology combining experimental characterisation of batteries and calibration of an electrochemical model at the cell scale.The work allows to characterise and model the electrical and thermal behaviors and the aging of "pouch" batteries extracted from an battery electric vehicle, and the multiphysical interactions between these different phenomena.The model is developed within the GT-Suite environment, which will allow the integration of the cell model in a more global model representing the whole vehicle system
Collong, Sophie. "Conception des systèmes mécaniques complexes en comportement dynamique. Contribution à une démarche physico-fiabiliste à partir d'un système à pile à combustible pour véhicule électrique à hydrogène". Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BELF0283/document.
Testo completoThe integration of complex mechanical systems subject to stringent vibration environments requiresconsideration of the real conditions of use from the beginning of the design phase.The thesis shows that the vibration environment and the duration of exposure to this environmentdepend on the use of the system throughout its life cycle. The evaluation of its use is based on thejoint evolution of both the user behavior and the system technology development.The dependability analysis of a complex mechanical system leads to consider the system as a wholeand thus to investigate in depth the dynamic behavior of critical components. A basic modeling ofthe mechanical system allows to qualitatively and quantitatively identify key dynamic behaviors anddetermines the vibration loads to which selected critical components are subjected. On this basis,modeling the behavior of a mechanical component leads to assess its fatigue damage. This indicatorhelps the designer in his choice of component geometry.Finally, the climatic environment as well as effects related to the internal functioning of the system,have been taken into account by performing vibro-climatic tests of on an operating systems, i.e. a fuelcell system integrated into a hydrogen electric vehicle. This helped to develop a procedure to supportthe design of complex mechanical systems
Jiang, Qi. "Gestion énergétique de véhicules hybrides par commande optimale stochastique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS011/document.
Testo completoThis thesis presents a comparative study between four recent real-time energy management strategies (EMS) applied to a hybrid electric vehicle and to a fuel cell vehicle applications: rule-based strategy (RBS), adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS), optimal control law (OCL) and stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) associated to driving cycle modeling by Markov chains. Pontryagin’s minimum principle and dynamic programming are applied to off-line optimization to provide reference results. Implementation and parameters setting issues are discussed for each strategy and a genetic algorithm is employed for A-ECMS calibration.The EMS robustness is evaluated using different types of driving cycles and a statistical analysis is conducted using random cycles generated by Markov process. Simulation and experimental results lead to the following conclusions. The easiest methods to implement (RBS and OCL) give rather high fuel consumption. SDP has the best overall performance in real-world driving conditions. It achieves the minimum average fuel consumption while perfectly respecting the state-sustaining constraint. A-ECMS results are comparable to SDP’s when using parameters well-adjusted to the upcoming driving cycle, but lacks robustness. Using parameter sets adjusted to the type of driving conditions (urban, road and highway) did help to improve A-ECMS performances
Cherif, Hamadi. "Etude et modélisation de méthodes de séparation du méthane et de H2S, sélection d'une méthode favorisant la valorisation de H2S". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM074/document.
Testo completoBiogas must be purified for becoming a renewable fuel. At now, the most part of the purification techniques are not satisfactory because they imply hydrogen sulfides (H2S) rejection to the atmosphere. One example of these methods is the treatment with high pressure water. The first objective of the thesis is modeling the conventional methods for separating H2S from methane. Typical concentrations of H2S in methane vary from 200 to 5000 pm. Separation methods must decrease the concentration of H2S in methane to less than 1 ppm. At the same time, methods for H2S treatment will be studied.Once the most appropriated separation methods will be selected, some test will be carried out on a pilot plant capable of treating 85 Nm3/h of methane, where quantities of H2S ranging from 1 and 100 ppm will be injected. These tests will allow validating the modeling of the separation process. On the basis of the obtained results, a specific test bench will be conceived and constructed for validating the selected process.The thesis work requires simulating the separation process using the software Aspen Plus® or an equivalent one. The effectiveness of different operative conditions will be tested, varying also the parameter temperature. The energy necessary for the separation will be one of the most important criteria for the comparison, as well as the mass consumption of the different fluids involved in the process.A system approach is fundamental for evaluating the backward effect of the H2S valorization method on the separation techniques. The process simulator (Aspen Plus® or equivalent) will allow the system approach.The study will involve modeling and experimental parts. The experimental part will be carried out taking advantage of a semi-industrial size test bench, allowing studying the separation methods down to -90°C
Challet, Sylvain. "Stockage de l'hydrogène dans les hydrures métalliques pour l'alimentation en hydrogène de véhicules à pile à combustible". Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002314920204611&vid=upec.
Testo completoHydrogen storage remains an issue for its use in mobile applications. Despite its weight, storage in metal hydrides presents advantages in term of safety and volumic capacity. In this work, several families of hydrides have been studied to answer to the working conditions of a main tank or a buffer tank for cold start. The thermodynamic properties of LaNi5 and TiFe type hydrides have been adjusted by suitable substitutions allowing to obtain potentially usable compounds for both kinds of tanks. In order to increase the weight capacity, the effect of M element on thermodynamics properties of lighter hydrides based on Ti-V-M solid solutions (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) has been studied showing the best hydrogenation properties for the Fe compound. Finally, the discovery of hydrogen reactivity of the Ti3Si compound opens new routes
Piffard, Maxime. "Conception d’observateurs pour la commande d’un système pile à combustible embarqué en vue d’optimiser performances et durabilité". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI121/document.
Testo completoFuel cells are considered as a promising source of energy for the future, thanks to their non-polluting aspect. However, the deployment of these solutions on a large scale is still conditioned by the improvement of their performance and especially of their durability in order to guarantee a low cost industrialization. The transport application also imposes a variable power demand, which complicates the improvement of performance and durability. The approach adopted for this work consists of the design of a system management law that generates the optimal operating conditions to be applied to the stack (pressures, temperature, current, stoichiometries) as a function of the power demand, the state of health (active surface loss) and current humidity. Optimality is understood in the sense of increasing system efficiency and decreasing the degradation of the membrane and the platinum dissolution. This law is based on degradation and performance models of a fuel cell system. This management law requires in real time the data of the state of health of the fuel cell and the humidity rate. The assessment of the state of health is already the subject of many diagnostic work. On the other hand, the humidity rate must be estimated by a state observer because the humidity sensors are not reliable for a transport application. Therefore, a state observer was developed to estimate the relative humidities in the stack channels and also the membrane water content, the hydrogen at the anode as well as the nitrogen saturation at the anode. This last data makes it possible to propose a purge strategy for a dead-end architecture, based on nitrogen saturation, which limits the losses in hydrogen and reduces the damage associated with this architecture
Aiteur, Imad-Eddine. "Modélisation, commande et optimisation d’un réseau multi-sources. Application à la traction de véhicules électriques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC047.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on the investigation of control approaches to treat the issue of energy management of multi-source electrical networks. The considered electric motor supply system consists on a fuel cell as a main energy source and an additional element that supplies peak power and charges by regenerative braking. At first, three energy management strategies have been applied to the sypply system aiming to minimize the fuel cell hydrogen mass consumption while satisfying the system physical constraints. First, the optimization is realized using dynamic programming,an off-line optimization method that requires the knowledge of the entire power load profile. Secondly, twoon-line optimization approaches are used : ECMS and MPC strategies, for which only the current power demand is demanded.The second part of this thesis presents a decentralized control strategy applied to the power system. The dedicated control structure aims to assure an optimal operation of the FC system while respecting the compressor physical limits and to control the converter current sand network output voltage. To attain these objectives, a dynamic model of the FC system is used,in addition to the SSE and electric network dynamics. The FC system regulation and the control of the SSE state of energy are performed separately with two different controllers, both designed using (MPC-LTV) approach. The third and fourth levels of the decentralized control structure consists on inner control loops for fuel cell/supercapacitor currents and a DC bus voltage control loop, designed using PI controllers. The validation of the control structure is performed in simulation using a nonlinear models of the FC system and the SSE. To validate and compare the performance of different control methods based on a fuel cell static model, these approaches have been applied to the dynamic model of the FC and compared to the results obtained by applying the approched designed and based on an FC dynamic model. A comparison in terms of network efficiency and hydrogen consumption has been done
Carlos, Da Silva Daniel. "Development of a closed-form modeling methodology for the subsystems of electric vehicles : optimization of energy performance". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST014.
Testo completoTo maximize the contribution of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) to the decarbonization of the transportation sector, it is essential to maximize their energy performance during the design phase. However, the additional power pathways to propel the vehicle act both as an advantage and an added layer of complexity. Indeed, evaluating the consumption of an HEV requires defining a supervisory control, known as Energy Management Strategy (EMS). Therefore, optimizing the design entails combining a static optimization problem (system's plant) with a time-dependent problem (its control), both of which must be considered in tandem.This plant/control co-optimization is typically tackled through either nesting optimal control algorithms within each iteration of a general optimization algorithm for the plant, or employing convex optimization to simultaneously optimize both layers. However, the former approach is known to be limited by computational constraints, while the latter may impact modeling fidelity due to convexity constraints.As a different perspective, this thesis introduces a methodology for developing explicit models to estimate powertrain energy consumption, referred to in this work as the Explicit Powertrain Consumption Model (EPCM). They are developed using component models to account for power losses, then by introducing a second modeling level to consider the impact of sizing variations on loss estimation. Such a formulation can be used as a computationally efficient objective function of an optimization problem that remains static, while enabling human-explainable analysis for reduced problems.The thesis presents the methodology development while using a Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle (FCHEV) as a reference vehicle. Besides modeling components commonly found in electric vehicles, it includes a model for the fuel cell system, while further considering models for the power electronics, often overlooked in vehicle design studies. It first introduces the considered component models, then the models for the sizing variation (i.e., the predictive models), before developing the EPCMs and using them for the co-optimization.The validation of the component models using a Toyota Mirai~II on a roller test bench presents an overall error of less than five percent, while the study to assess the impact of the predictive models on the hydrogen consumption resulted in errors below two percent when compared to reference models. Then, an assessment of the usage of EPCMs explores the assumptions required to ensure an explicit formulation; and the co-optimization of the Mirai~II powertrain shows that an EPCM using an affine EMS can be a fair approximation for the co-optimization at the vehicle's first design stages, while reducing the evaluation time by a factor of 100. This study is further extended with reduced problems to observe the impact of the EM sizing only, then of the hybridization level, resulting in linear and quadratic expressions for the fuel consumption and the optimization constraints, which can be used to quickly derive analyses of the vehicle's energy performance.Although the results show that the current state of the methodology can be used for the co-optimization of FCHEVs, the thesis further explores its improvement points and suggests alternative applications to solidify its validity and relevance
Vichard, Loic. "Contribution à l’étude du vieillissement des composants batterie et pile à combustible en usage réel". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCA018.
Testo completoThese thesis works are associated to the AsDeCoEUR project. This project is part of the current context of the development of new energy technologies for mobility and focuses more specifically on the study of battery and fuel cell components located in the heart of electric power train. The project is based on the work already carried out by the UTBM and IFSTTAR actors of the FCLAB research federation among the Mobypost project. Mobypost european project has allowed the experimentation of a fleet of 10 fuel cell electric vehicles under actual operating conditions on two postal platforms in the Franche-Comté region.During the Mobypost experiment, a deep monorting was performed on all the vehicles so numerous physical data of their power train were recorded. All of these information now constitutes a very rich database to exploit. Among the AsDeCoEUR project, we propose a scientific approach carried out around a thesis work wich aims at understanding dynamic behavior, studying aging and estimating the state of health of batteries and fuel cells in real use. This approach is based on the analysis of the data recorded on these components among the Mobypost project and is reinforced by specific experiments set up in the laboratory. The implementation of skills and digital analysis tools developed especially for batteries by the Ampère laboratory and IFSTTAR aims at understanding and reproducing the degradation phenomena. The works should finally allow, by combining the skills of UFC, UTBM, IFSTTAR and Ampère laboratory researchers, to contribute to the study of batteries and fuel cells aging and to estimate their state of health under actual operating conditions. This constitutes a remarkable advance in this field, particularly with a view to the industrialization of vehicles equipped with this type of component
Fonseca, Ramon Naiff da. "Optimization of the sizing and the energy management for a hybrid fuel cell vehicle including fuel cell dynamics and durability constraints". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0110/document.
Testo completoThe hydrogen, through the use of fuel cell stacks (FC), has been increasily considered as an energy possible option for the transport sector. Nevertheless, the technology related to its implementation in fuel cell vehicles has not reached the required maturity level. Therefore, this work intends to deal some of these existing limitations. More precisely, three topics represent the objectives of this work: The optimal sizing of the element present in the fuel cell hybrid vehicle. The development of an optimal energy management strategy oriented for real time applications and including the dynamic constraints of the FC system. The inclusion of the fuel cell durability in the vehicle energy management strategy. The first topic is tackled by the development of a sizing methodology adapted to the fuel cell hybrid vehicle application. Using a systematic approach, the proposed sizing method combine the performance requirements present in the vehicle's technical specifications, optimization algorithms, population mobility behavior and the economic viability of the design. The second assigned objective was developed using an optimization approach for the power split between the battery and the FC system. Through the adoption of a global optimization method allied with a predictive control strategy and the inclusion of the FC system dynamics, it was created an energy management algorithm oriented for real time applications. Finally, the fuel cell durability was included in this work by the integration of its degradation dynamics in the optimization problem, which is related to the vehicle's energy management. Such dynamic represents a constraint that should be taken into account in the power sharing between the FC system and battery
Andrieux, Jérome. "Stockage de l'hydrogène dans les borohydrures alcalins : hydrolyse du borohydrure de sodium". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00654299.
Testo completoKotelnikova, Alena. "Analysis of a hydrogen-based transport system and the role of public policy in the transition to a decarbonised economy". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX057/document.
Testo completoWhat economic and policy framework would foster a transition in the European transport sector from fossil fuels to hydrogen in the long term (2030-50)? This research combines empirical and theoretical approaches and aims to answers the following questions:1. How to design appropriate policy instruments to solve inefficiencies in hydrogen mobility deployment?2. How to define abatement cost and an optimal launching date in the presence of learning-by-doing (LBD)?3. How to define an optimal deployment trajectory in presence of LBD and convexity in investment costs?The paper ‘Transition Towards a Hydrogen-Based Passenger Car Transport: Comparative Policy Analysis‘ draws a cross-country comparison between policy instruments that support the deployment of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV). The existing policy framework in favour of FCEV and hydrogen infrastructure deployment is analysed. A set of complementary ex-post policy efficiency indicators is developed and calculated to rank the most active countries, supporters of FCEV. Denmark and Japan emerge as the best providers of favourable conditions for the hydrogen mobility deployment: local authorities put in place price-based incentives (such as subsidies and tax exemptions) making FCEV more financially attractive than its gasoline substitute, and coordinate ramping-up of their hydrogen infrastructure nationally.The paper ’Defining the Abatement Cost in Presence of Learning-by-doing: Application to the Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle’ models the transition of the transport sector from a pollutant state to a clean one. A partial equilibrium model is developed for a car sector of a constant size. In this model the objective of the social planner is to minimize the cost of phasing out a stock of polluting cars from the market over time. The cost includes the private cost of green cars production, which are subject to LBD, and the social cost of carbon, which has an exogenous upward trend. During the transition, the equalization of marginal costs takes into account the fact that the current action has an impact on future costs through LBD. This paper also describes a suboptimal plan: if the deployment trajectory is exogenously given, what is the optimal starting date for the transition? The paper provides a quantitative assessment of the FCEV case for the substitution of the mature Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles. The analysis concludes that the CO2 price should reach 53€/t for the program to start and for FCEV to be a socially beneficial alternative for decarbonizing part of the projected German car park in the 2050 time frame.The impact of LBD on the timing and costs of emission abatement is, however, ambiguous. On the one hand, LBD supposes delaying abatement activities because of cost reduction of future abatement due to LBD. On the other hand, LBD supposes starting the transition earlier because of cost reduction due to added value to cumulative experience. The paper ‘The Role of Learning-by-Doing in the Adoption of a Green Technology: the Case of Linear LBD’ studies the optimal characteristics of a transition towards green vehicles in the transport sector when both LBD and convexity are present in the cost function. The partial equilibrium model of (Creti et al., 2015) is used as a starting point. For the case of linear LBD the deployment trajectory can be analytically obtained. This allows to conclude that a high learning induces an earlier switch towards green cars in the case of low convexity, and a later switch in the case of high convexity. This insight is used to revisit the hydrogen mobility project in Germany. A high learning lowers the corresponding deployment cost and reduces deepness and duration of the, investment ‘death valley’ (period of negative project’s cash flow). An acceleration of exogenously defined scenario for FCEV deployment, based on the industry forecast, would be beneficial to reduce the associated transition cost
Garcia, Marine. "Développement d’une plateforme d’imagerie pour la caractérisation du transfert de masse dans les microsystèmes : application aux piles à combustible microfluidiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024HESAE007.
Testo completoFuel cells are devices that convert the energy stored in an oxidant and a reductant into electricity through electrochemical reactions. The most mature technology for this conversion is the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), but other alternative systems are emerging. In particular, microfluidic fuel cells (MFCs) have overcome the problems associated with the use of a membrane and gas storage by using liquid reagents at ambient temperature and pressure. The dimensions of the channel (1-5 mm wide and 20-100 µm high) allow co-laminar flow of the two liquid reagents and the electrolyte in a microchannel containing the electrodes. Therefore, PCMs do not need membrane to separate reactants and performances are driven by charge and mass transport.Experimental characterization of all the physical phenomena involved in PCMs is difficult because actuals methods are more based on electrochemical characterisation. These methods provide an overall characterisation of the system but they do not give precise information on the mass transport phenomena occurring in the channel. To investigate concentration field, numerical modelling is generally used. Numerical methods evaluate the impact of the geometry or the operating conditions on MFC performances. However, the use of these models relies on the knowledge of in-situ parameters such as the diffusion coefficient D and the reaction rate k0. In numerical studies, these parameters are generally approximated leading to a qualitative understanding of the transport phenomena. Furthermore, these numerical studies have not yet been verified by experimental studies.Thus, the main scientific challenge of this thesis is to develop quantitative imaging methods for characterising the concentration field in an operating PCM.To meet this need, an imaging platform based on spectroscopy and three characterisation methods were developed in this thesis. First of all, the work focused on developing an experimental setup based on spectroscopy to study the interdiffusion phenomenon. This study reports the estimation of the diffusion coefficient of potassium permanganate in formic acid. These solutions were specifically chosen because they are used in the PCM developed for the rest of the study.The imaging plateform was then adapted to study the in operando MFC 2D concentration field in steady-state. An analytical mass transfer model (advection/reaction/diffusion) coupled to the 2D concentration field was used to determine the reaction rate. As the concentration variations involved can be very small (few micro-moles), another characterisation technique was implemented to reduce the measurement noise.To improve the signal-to-noise ratio, a method based on modulation of the concentration field was developed. Demodulation of the signal significantly reduced the noise and concentrations of 20 µM were estimated. An analytical model describing the modulated field was established in order to implement an inverse method. The proposed method made it possible to recover the reaction rate associated with the concentration variation.To conclude, the proposed characterisation methods enable the estimation of the mass transfer and the reaction kinetics using the 2D concentration field from an in operando MFC. This technique has been applied to the MFC, but it can be transferred to a micrometric system in which diffusion-advection-reaction phenomena take place
Yassuda, Yamashita Damiela. "Hierarchical Control for Building Microgrids". Thesis, Poitiers, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021POIT2267.
Testo completoRepresenting more than one-third of global electricity consumption, buildings undergo the most important sector capable of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promote the share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). The integrated RES and electric energy storage system in buildings can assist the energy transition toward a low-carbon electricity system while allowing end-energy consumers to benefit from clean energy. Despite its valuable advantages, this innovative distributed Building Microgrids (BM) topology requires significant changes in the current electric grid, which is highly dependent on grid energy policies and technology breakthroughs.The complexity of designing a robust Energy Management System (EMS) capable of managing all electric components inside the microgrid efficiently without harming the main grid stability is one of the greatest challenge in the development of BM. To mitigate the harmful effects of unpredictable grid actors, the concept of self-consumption has been increasingly adopted. Nonetheless, further technical-economic analysis is needed to optimally manage the energy storage systems to attain higher marks of self-consumption.Faceing these issues, the purpose of this doctoral thesis is to propose a complete framework for designing a building EMS for microgrids installed in buildings capable of maximising the self-consumption rate at minimum operating cost. Among all possible control architectures, the hierarchical structure has proved effective to handle conflicting goals that are not in the same timeframe. Hence, a Hierarchical Model Predictive (HMPC) control structure was adopted to address the uncertainties in the power imbalance as well as the trade-off between costs and compliance with the French grid code.Considering that buildings are not homogeneous and require solutions tailored to their specific conditions, the proposed controller was enhanced by two data-driven modules. The first data-driven algorithm is to handle inaccuracies in HMPC internal models. Without needing to tune any parameter, this algorithm can enhance the accuracy of the battery model up to three times and improve up to ten times the precision of the hydrogen storage model. This makes the building EMS more flexible and less dependent on pre-modelling steps.The second data-oriented algorithm determines autonomously adequate parameters to HMPC to relieve the trade-off between economic and energy aspects. Relying only on power imbalance data analysis and local measurements, the proposed hierarchical controller determines which energy storage device must run daily based on the estimation of the annual self-consumption rate and the annual microgrid operating cost. These estimations decrease microgrid expenditure because it avoids grid penalties regarding the requirements of annual self-consumption and reduces the degradation and maintenance of energy storage devices.The proposed EMS also demonstrated being capable of exploiting the potentials of shifting in time the charging of batteries of plug-in electric vehicles. The simulation confirmed that the proposed controller preferably charges electric vehicles’ batteries at periods of energy surplus and discharges them during periods of energy deficit, leading the building microgrid to reduce grid energy exchange. The results also showed that electric vehicle batteries' contribution depends on the size of the vehicle parking, their arrival and departure time, and the building’s net power imbalance profile. In conclusion, through simulations using the dataset of both public and residential buildings, the proposed hierarchical building EMS proved its effectiveness to handle different kinds of energy storage devices and foster the development of forthcoming building microgrids
Mohammadi, Ali. "Analysis and diagnosis of faults in the PEMFC for fuel cell electrical vehicles". Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0248/document.
Testo completoIn recent years, according to the upcoming challenge of pollution, fuel saving, to use on FCEV is increasing. It can be that fuel cell power train divided in the PEMFC, Batteries, DC/DC converters, DC/AC inverters and electrical motors. The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel cells (PEMFC) have consistently been considered for transportation application. Characteristic features of PEMFC include lower temperature (50 to 100 °C) and solid polymer electrolyte membrane. In this work, experiments have shown that the temperature distributions can significant influence on the performance of the PEMFC. Also analytical studies have indicated improvement of ionic resistivity of the electrolyte membrane, kinetics of electrochemical reaction and gas diffusion electrodes have directly related to temperature. This work evaluated the effectiveness of temperature on a single and stack fuel cell. In addition, a 3D model is developed by effective of temperature on performance on the fuel cell. In this thesis, two PEM fuel cells have been considered to find out the relationship and analyze the behaviors of the cell voltage and temperature distributions under various operating conditions. An experimental study for voltage and temperature has been executed, using one cell, 12 thermocouples and 12 voltage sensors have been installed at different points of the cell. In this work a new model was proposed to improve the lifetime and reliability of the power train and to detect online faults. Besides, current distributions in different points of the cell based on varying operating conditions are calculated by the Newton Raphson method. On the basis of the developed fault sensitive models above, an ANN based fault detection; diagnosis strategy and the related algorithm have been developed. The identified patterns ANN have been used in the supervision and the diagnosis of the PEMFC drivetrain. The ANN advantages of the ability to include a lot of data made possible to classify the faults in terms of their type
Li, Huan. "Energy consumption minimization strategy for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA034/document.
Testo completoGlobal warming, environment pollution and exhaustion of petroleum energies have risen their attention of the humanity over the world. Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV) taking hydrogen as fuel and have zero emission, is thought by public and private organisms as one of the best ways to solve these problems. This PhD dissertation consider a FCHEV with three power sources: fuel cell, battery and supercapacitor, which increases the difficult to design an energy management strategy (EMS) to split the power between the different power sources.Among the EMS available in the current literature, the Equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) was selected because it allows a local optimization without rely on prior knowledge of driving condition while giving optimal results.Due to low energy density of supercapacitor, its equivalent hydrogen consumption is neglected in most bibliographic references, which not only counter to the aim of minimizing whole hydrogen consumption but also increase the complication of EMS due to the need of an additional EMS to calculate supercapacitor power demand. Thus, a sequential quadratic programming ECMS (SECMS) strategy is proposed to consider energy cost of all three power sources into the objective function. A rule based control strategy (RBCS) and hybrid strategy (HEOS) are also designed in order to to be compared with SECMS. Degradation of energy sources represents a major challenge for the stability of the developed SECMS system. So, based on online estimating state of heath of fuel cell and battery, an adaptive ECMS (AECMS) has been designed through adjusting the equivalent factor and dynamical change rate of fuel cell. The simulation results show that the AECMS can ensure the charge sustenance of battery and the increase of fuel cell durability.To validate the proposed energy management algorithms and the numerical models an exerimental test bench has been built around the real time interface DSPACE. The comparison of the simulation and experimental results showed that the proposed SECMS is operated at around maximum efficiency, supercapacitor supplies peak power, battery works as the energy buffer. It has been proved that the neglect of supercapacitor equivalent hydrogen consumption in ECMS leads to not optimal operation. Compared with RBCS and HEOS, SECMS has least hydrogen consumption and most stable fuel cell current
Potet, Ludovic. "Synthèse, propriétés et utilisations d'hydrures métalliques (alane AlH3) comme additifs pour la propulsion spatiale". Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2310.
Testo completoAluminium hydride or alane (AlH3) is a very important and fascinating material that draws increasing attention due to its potential uses: (i) as an energetic component in rocket propellants, (ii) as a reducing agent in alkali batteries and (iii) as a possible hydrogen source for low temperature fuel cells. It exhibits a density of 1,48 g cm-3, a volumetric hydrogen capacity of 0,148 g mL-1, that is more than twice as much as that of liquid hydrogen (0,07 g mL-1). Its hydrogen mass capacity slightly exceeds 10 wt.-%. Unfortunately, production of alane suffers from a high cost that hinders its opportunity to be an excellent candidate for propulsion. Moreover, only the α phase of alane is known to be stable enough to be stored and used. This work aims at developing cheaper methods for alane production while keeping a maximum selectivity towards the formation of α phase. Preparation using a classical organometallic synthesis in ether was implemented. An etherate complex was formed, the ether was removed under vacuum and finally an adequate thermal treatment led to pure α phase of alane as identified by powder X-ray diffraction. A toluene free synthesis method was implemented and resulted in a cost reduction of 25 %. The stability of the material was characterized through thermal analysis (DTA-TGA). The morphology and purity of the alane were characterized using TEM, SEM and ICP-OES. Alane was synthesized using doping compounds and resulted in a significant increase in the decomposition temperature from ca. 160 °C to ca. 174 °C. Syntheses without solvent were studied using a homemade reactor and following a design of experiment to identify the key parameter towards the highest yield in α-AlH3. The synthesis method in ether was transferred to our industrial partners
Kéré, Lamoussa Jacques. "Identification, optimisation et contrôle d'une génératrice à hydrogène dans un véhicule électrique hybride". Thèse, 2015. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7636/1/030933351.pdf.
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