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1
KURAMOTO, Minoru. "Vehicular Communication Service". Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 93, n. 858 (1990): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.93.858_415.
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Youngho Park, Chul Sur e Kyung-Hyune Rhee. "A Privacy Preserving V2I Service Access Management System for Vehicular Clouds". Research Briefs on Information and Communication Technology Evolution 1 (15 gennaio 2015): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.56801/rebicte.v1i.7.
Abstract (sommario):
Vehicular cloud computing is a technological paradigm shifting which takes advantage of cloud computingto provide vehicles with useful computing resources and services. With the rapid advancementof intelligent vehicles and Intelligent Transportation System infrastructures, some researches on theliteratures have put forth a vision of the combination of vehicular network with could computing inrecent. However, little efforts have concentrated on security features for vehicular cloud services. Inparticular, privacy is one of the critical security issues in vehicular cloud as well as vehicular communicationssince a third-party entity may be involved in cloud service management and operations. Inthis paper, we design a privacy preserving vehicle-to-infrastructure cloud access management systemin which neither global eavesdropper nor any single system management entity can trace a vehiclefor service provision. We make use of pre-loaded pseudonyms to generate anonymous service accesstokens for vehicles and RSU local revocation check to reduce the size of revocation list in the system.
3
Moussaoui, Djilali, Mohamed Feham, Boucif Amar Bensaber e Benamar Kadri. "Securing vehicular cloud networks". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, n. 5 (1 ottobre 2019): 4154. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i5.pp4154-4162.
Abstract (sommario):
<p>Vehicular Cloud Networks (VCN) is the network that ensures mobility and availability of resources allowing new services and applications like Network as a Service (NaaS), STorage as a Service (STaaS), Computation as a Service (CompaaS) and Cooperation as a Service (CaaS). In this paper, we propose a solution to secure the Vehicular Cloud Network (VCN). Our challenge in this work is to adapt the PKI architecture, which is mainly used in wired networks to be used in VCN. To propose a security solution for Vehicular Cloud Networks (VCN), our work is based on three steps; the first one is to make network architecture study, where we tried to highlight the main network components. The second step is to propose the security solution architecture. Finally, the last step is to program a test and validate the solution using a simulation.</p>
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Khasawneh, Ahmad M., Mamoun Abu Helou, Aanchal Khatri, Geetika Aggarwal, Omprakash Kaiwartya, Maryam Altalhi, Waheeb Abu-ulbeh e Rabah AlShboul. "Service-Centric Heterogeneous Vehicular Network Modeling for Connected Traffic Environments". Sensors 22, n. 3 (7 febbraio 2022): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22031247.
Abstract (sommario):
Heterogeneous vehicular communication on the Internet of connected vehicle (IoV) environment is an emerging research theme toward achieving smart transportation. It is an evolution of the existing vehicular ad hoc network architecture due to the increasingly heterogeneous nature of the various existing networks in road traffic environments that need to be integrated. The existing literature on vehicular communication is lacking in the area of network optimization for heterogeneous network environments. In this context, this paper proposes a heterogeneous network model for IoV and service-oriented network optimization. The network model focuses on three key networking entities: vehicular cloud, heterogeneous communication, and smart use cases as clients. Most traffic-related data–oriented computations are performed at cloud servers for making intelligent decisions. The connection component enables handoff-centric network communication in heterogeneous vehicular environments. The use-case-oriented smart traffic services are implemented as clients for the network model. The model is tested for various service-oriented metrics in heterogeneous vehicular communication environments with the aim of affirming several service benefits. Future challenges and issues in heterogeneous IoV environments are also highlighted.
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M. Abduljalil, Fekri. "Toward a Generic Vehicular Cloud Network Architecture: A Case of Virtual Vehicle as a Service". International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks 15, n. 5 (29 ottobre 2023): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijwmn.2023.15503.
Abstract (sommario):
In recent years, cloud computing has gained more and more popularity. The motivation towards implementing cloud computing in vehicular networks is due to the availability of communication, storage, and computing resources represented by communication, vehicles, roadside units (RSUs), and central servers. These resources can be utilized and provided to vehicles, drivers on the road, travellers, and customers on the internet. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applications can utilize vehicular cloud computing to provide efficient real-time services, as well as to improve transportation safety, mobility, and comfort levels for drivers. In this paper, all possible vehicular cloud models are presented. Each vehicular cloud model offers different services. Integrating all vehicular cloud models into one integrated system will provide all services and serve internet users, passengers, and vehicles. Therefore, a generic vehicular cloud model is proposed. After that, a new service called Virtual Vehicle is proposed in vehicular cloud computing. The virtual vehicle is a virtual machine that migrates from one physical vehicle to another. It provides the same services as the physical vehicle according to the consumer's requirements.
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Huang, Yuze, Yuhui Cao, Miao Zhang, Beipeng Feng e Zhenzhen Guo. "CSO-DRL: A Collaborative Service Offloading Approach with Deep Reinforcement Learning in Vehicular Edge Computing". Scientific Programming 2022 (5 settembre 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1163177.
Abstract (sommario):
In vehicular edge computing, vehicles move along the road and request the services from the nearest edge servers with low latency. Due to the limitation of computation capacity of vehicular devices, the services should be offloaded on RSUs equipped with edge servers to provide service with low latency. Noticed that the location of service offloading may affect the service requesting delay directly, and it may exist some interrelationship between interacting services; all of these are rarely considered in recent studies. To address such problems, we propose a collaborative service offloading approach with deep reinforcement learning in vehicular edge computing named CSO-DRL. Our approach first divides the road segments by k-means-based algorithm through analyzing the trajectory data of vehicles, and then the offloading location is determined by observing the vehicle running status. Secondly, the interacting services are discovered by a parallel frequent pattern-based algorithm efficiently. Furthermore, the collaborative service offloading algorithm is presented by the DDPG model for offloading the interacting services, which can minimize the service requesting delay and data communication delay between interacting services. Finally, the efficiency of the algorithm is evaluated by real-world data-based simulation experimental evaluations. The results show our algorithm can obtain a lower delay than other baseline algorithms in searching for the optimal service offloading strategy.
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Xu, Xiaolong, Zijie Fang, Jie Zhang, Qiang He, Dongxiao Yu, Lianyong Qi e Wanchun Dou. "Edge Content Caching with Deep Spatiotemporal Residual Network for IoV in Smart City". ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 17, n. 3 (21 giugno 2021): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3447032.
Abstract (sommario):
Internet of Vehicles (IoV) enables numerous in-vehicle applications for smart cities, driving increasing service demands for processing various contents (e.g., videos). Generally, for efficient service delivery, the contents from the service providers are processed on the edge servers (ESs), as edge computing offers vehicular applications low-latency services. However, due to the reusability of the same contents required by different distributed vehicular users, processing the copies of the same contents repeatedly in an edge server leads to a waste of resources (e.g., storage, computation, and bandwidth) in ESs. Therefore, it is a challenge to provide high-quality services while guaranteeing the resource efficiency with edge content caching. To address the challenge, an edge content caching method for smart cities with service requirement prediction, named E-Cache, is proposed. First, the future service requirements from the vehicles are predicted based on the deep spatiotemporal residual network (ST-ResNet). Then, preliminary content caching schemes are elaborated based on the predicted service requirements, which are further adjusted by a many-objective optimization aiming at minimizing the execution time and the energy consumption of the vehicular services. Eventually, experimental evaluations prove the efficiency and effectiveness of E-Cache with spatiotemporal traffic trajectory big data.
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Alhaidari, Fahd A., e Alia Mohammed Alrehan. "A simulation work for generating a novel dataset to detect distributed denial of service attacks on Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork systems". International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 17, n. 3 (marzo 2021): 155014772110002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15501477211000287.
Abstract (sommario):
Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork is a promising technology providing important facilities for modern transportation systems. It has garnered much interest from researchers studying the mitigation of attacks including distributed denial of service attacks. Machine learning techniques, which mainly rely on the quality of the datasets used, play a role in detecting many attacks with a high level of accuracy. We conducted a comprehensive literature review and found many limitations on the datasets available for distributed denial of service attacks on Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork including the following: unavailability of online versions, an absence of distributed denial of service traffic, unrepresentative of Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork, and no information regarding the network configurations. Therefore, in this article, we proposed a novel simulation technique to generate a valid dataset called Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork distributed denial of service dataset, which is dedicated to Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks. Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork distributed denial of service dataset holds information on distributed denial of service attack traffic considering Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork architecture, traffic density, attack intensity, and nodes mobility. Well-known simulation tools such as SUMO, OMNeT++, Veins, and INET were used to ensure that all the properties of Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork have been captured. We then compared Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork distributed denial of service dataset with several studies to prove its novelty and evaluated the dataset using several machine learning models. We confirmed that studied models using this dataset achieved high accuracy above 99.5% except support-vector machine that achieved 97.3%.
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Raza, Salman, Shangguang Wang, Manzoor Ahmed e Muhammad Rizwan Anwar. "A Survey on Vehicular Edge Computing: Architecture, Applications, Technical Issues, and Future Directions". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (24 febbraio 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3159762.
Abstract (sommario):
A new networking paradigm, Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC), has been introduced in recent years to the vehicular network to augment its computing capacity. The ultimate challenge to fulfill the requirements of both communication and computation is increasingly prominent, with the advent of ever-growing modern vehicular applications. With the breakthrough of VEC, service providers directly host services in close proximity to smart vehicles for reducing latency and improving quality of service (QoS). This paper illustrates the VEC architecture, coupled with the concept of the smart vehicle, its services, communication, and applications. Moreover, we categorized all the technical issues in the VEC architecture and reviewed all the relevant and latest solutions. We also shed some light and pinpoint future research challenges. This article not only enables naive readers to get a better understanding of this latest research field but also gives new directions in the field of VEC to the other researchers.
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Haojin Zhu, Rongxing Lu, Xuemin Shen e Xiaodong Lin. "Security in service-oriented vehicular networks". IEEE Wireless Communications 16, n. 4 (agosto 2009): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2009.5281251.
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Alsulami, Hemaid, Suhail H. Serbaya, Emad H. Abualsauod, Asem Majed Othman, Ali Rizwan e Asadullah Jalali. "A Federated Deep Learning Empowered Resource Management Method to Optimize 5G and 6G Quality of Services (QoS)". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (23 marzo 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1352985.
Abstract (sommario):
The quality of service (QoS) in 5G/6G communication enormously depends upon the mobility and agility of the network architecture. An increase in the possible uses of 5G vehicular network simultaneously expands the scope of the network’s quality of service (QoS). To this end, a safety-critical real-time system has become one of the most demanding criteria for the vehicular network. Although different mathematical and computation methods have traditionally been used to optimize the allocation of resources, but the nonconvexity of optimization issues creates unique type of challenges. In recent years, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a valuable tool for dealing with computational complexity that involves large amounts of data in heterogeneous vehicular networks. By using optimization and cutting-edge machine learning techniques, this article gives readers an insight about how 5G vehicular network resources can be allocated to reinforce network communication. Furthermore, a new federated deep reinforcement learning- (FDRL-) based vehicle communication method is presented as a new insight. Finally, a UAV-aided vehicular communication system based on FDRL-based UAVs is proposed as a novel resource management technique to optimize 5G and 6G quality of services.
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Menon, Varun G., e Joe Prathap. "Vehicular Fog Computing". International Journal of Vehicular Telematics and Infotainment Systems 1, n. 2 (luglio 2017): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijvtis.2017070102.
Abstract (sommario):
In recent years Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) have received increased attention due to its numerous applications in cooperative collision warning and traffic alert broadcasting. VANETs have been depending on cloud computing for networking, computing and data storage services. Emergence of advanced vehicular applications has led to the increased demand for powerful communication and computation facilities with low latency. With cloud computing unable to satisfy these demands, the focus has shifted to bring computation and communication facilities nearer to the vehicles, leading to the emergence of Vehicular Fog Computing (VFC). VFC installs highly virtualized computing and storage facilities at the proximity of these vehicles. The integration of fog computing into VANETs comes with a number of challenges that range from improved quality of service, security and privacy of data to efficient resource management. This paper presents an overview of this promising technology and discusses the issues and challenges in its implementation with future research directions.
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Ben bezziane, Mohamed, Ahmed Korichi, Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache e Mohamed el Amine Fekair. "RCVC: RSU-Aided Cluster-Based Vehicular Clouds Architecture for Urban Areas". Electronics 10, n. 2 (15 gennaio 2021): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10020193.
Abstract (sommario):
As a promising topic of research, Vehicular Cloud (VC) incorporates cloud computing and ad-hoc vehicular network (VANET). In VC, supplier vehicles provide their services to consumer vehicles in real-time. These services have a significant impact on the applications of internet access, storage and data. Due to the high-speed mobility of vehicles, users in consumer vehicles need a mechanism to discover services in their vicinity. Besides this, quality of service varies from one supplier vehicle to another; thus, consumer vehicles attempt to pick out the most appropriate services. In this paper, we propose a novel protocol named RSU-aided Cluster-based Vehicular Clouds protocol (RCVC), which constructs the VC using the Road Side Unit (RSU) directory and Cluster Head (CH) directory to make the resources of supplier vehicles more visible. While clusters of vehicles that move on the same road form a mobile cloud, the remaining vehicles form a different cloud on the road side unit. Furthermore, the consumption operation is achieved via the service selection method, which is managed by the CHs and RSUs based on a mathematical model to select the best services. Simulation results prove the effectiveness of our protocol in terms of service discovery and end-to-end delay, where we achieved service discovery and end-to-end delay of 3 × 10−3 s and 13 × 10−2 s, respectively. Moreover, we carried out an experimental comparison, revealing that the proposed method outperformed several states of the art protocols.
14
Naseh, David, Swapnil Sadashiv Shinde e Daniele Tarchi. "Network Sliced Distributed Learning-as-a-Service for Internet of Vehicles Applications in 6G Non-Terrestrial Network Scenarios". Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 13, n. 1 (7 febbraio 2024): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan13010014.
Abstract (sommario):
In the rapidly evolving landscape of next-generation 6G systems, the integration of AI functions to orchestrate network resources and meet stringent user requirements is a key focus. Distributed Learning (DL), a promising set of techniques that shape the future of 6G communication systems, plays a pivotal role. Vehicular applications, representing various services, are likely to benefit significantly from the advances of 6G technologies, enabling dynamic management infused with inherent intelligence. However, the deployment of various DL methods in traditional vehicular settings with specific demands and resource constraints poses challenges. The emergence of distributed computing and communication resources, such as the edge-cloud continuum and integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks (T/NTN), provides a solution. Efficiently harnessing these resources and simultaneously implementing diverse DL methods becomes crucial, and Network Slicing (NS) emerges as a valuable tool. This study delves into the analysis of DL methods suitable for vehicular environments alongside NS. Subsequently, we present a framework to facilitate DL-as-a-Service (DLaaS) on a distributed networking platform, empowering the proactive deployment of DL algorithms. This approach allows for the effective management of heterogeneous services with varying requirements. The proposed framework is exemplified through a detailed case study in a vehicular integrated T/NTN with diverse service demands from specific regions. Performance analysis highlights the advantages of the DLaaS approach, focusing on flexibility, performance enhancement, added intelligence, and increased user satisfaction in the considered T/NTN vehicular scenario.
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Gilly, Katja, Sonja Filiposka e Salvador Alcaraz. "Predictive Migration Performance in Vehicular Edge Computing Environments". Applied Sciences 11, n. 3 (21 gennaio 2021): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11030944.
Abstract (sommario):
Advanced learning algorithms for autonomous driving require lots of processing and storage power, which puts a strain on vehicles’ computing resources. Using a combination of 5G network connectivity with ultra-high bandwidth and low latency together with extra computing power located at the edge of the network can help extend the capabilities of vehicular networks. However, due to the high mobility, it is essential that the offloaded services are migrated so that they are always in close proximity to the requester. Using proactive migration techniques ensures minimum latency for high service quality. However, predicting the next edge server to migrate comes with an error that can have deteriorating effects on the latency. In this paper, we examine the influence of mobility prediction errors on edge service migration performances in terms of latency penalty using a large-scale urban vehicular simulation. Our results show that the average service delay increases almost linearly with the migration prediction error, with 20% error yielding almost double service latency.
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Skondras, Emmanouil, Angelos Michalas, Dimitrios J. Vergados, Emmanouel T. Michailidis, Nikolaos I. Miridakis e Dimitrios D. Vergados. "Network Slicing on 5G Vehicular Cloud Computing Systems". Electronics 10, n. 12 (19 giugno 2021): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121474.
Abstract (sommario):
Fifth generation Vehicular Cloud Computing (5G-VCC) systems support various services with strict Quality of Service (QoS) constraints. Network access technologies such as Long-Term Evolution Advanced Pro with Full Dimensional Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (LTE-A Pro FD-MIMO) and LTE Vehicle to Everything (LTE-V2X) undertake the service of an increasing number of vehicular users, since each vehicle could serve multiple passenger with multiple services. Therefore, the design of efficient resource allocation schemes for 5G-VCC infrastructures is needed. This paper describes a network slicing scheme for 5G-VCC systems that aims to improve the performance of modern vehicular services. The QoS that each user perceives for his services as well as the energy consumption that each access network causes to user equipment are considered. Subsequently, the satisfactory grade of the user services is estimated by taking into consideration both the perceived QoS and the energy consumption. If the estimated satisfactory grade is above a predefined service threshold, then the necessary Resource Blocks (RBs) from the current Point of Access (PoA) are allocated to support the user’s services. On the contrary, if the estimated satisfactory grade is lower than the aforementioned threshold, additional RBs from a Virtual Resource Pool (VRP) located at the Software Defined Network (SDN) controller are committed by the PoA in order to satisfy the required services. The proposed scheme uses a Management and Orchestration (MANO) entity implemented by a SDN controller, orchestrating the entire procedure avoiding situations of interference from RBs of neighboring PoAs. Performance evaluation shows that the suggested method improves the resource allocation and enhances the performance of the offered services in terms of packet transfer delay, jitter, throughput and packet loss ratio.
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Kim, Sungwook. "New Bargaining Game Model for Collaborative Vehicular Network Services". Mobile Information Systems 2019 (7 marzo 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6269475.
Abstract (sommario):
The wireless industry’s evolution from fourth generation (4G) to fifth generation (5G) will lead to extensive progress in new vehicular network environments, such as crowdsensing, cloud computing, and routing. Vehicular crowdsensing exploits the mobility of vehicles to provide location-based services, whereas vehicular cloud computing is a new hybrid technology that instantly uses vehicular network resources, such as computing, storage, and Internet for decision-making. In this study, novel crowdsensing, cloud computing, and routing algorithms are developed for a next-generation vehicular network, and they are combined into a hybrid scheme. To provide an effective solution toward an appropriate interactive vehicular network process, we focus on the paradigm of learning algorithms and game theory. Based on individual cooperation, our proposed scheme is designed as a triple-plane game model to adapt to the dynamics of a vehicular network system. The primary advantage of our game-based approach is to provide self-adaptability and responsiveness to current network environments. The performance of our hybrid scheme is evaluated and analyzed using simulation experiments in terms of the cloud service success ratio, normalized dissemination throughput, and crowdsensing success probability.
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Kosmopoulos, Ioannis, Emmanouil Skondras, Angelos Michalas, Emmanouel T. Michailidis e Dimitrios D. Vergados. "Handover Management in 5G Vehicular Networks". Future Internet 14, n. 3 (13 marzo 2022): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi14030087.
Abstract (sommario):
Fifth-Generation (5G) vehicular networks support novel services with increased Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Vehicular users need to be continuously connected to networks that fulfil the constraints of their services. Thus, the implementation of optimal Handover (HO) mechanisms for 5G vehicular architectures is deemed necessary. This work describes a scheme for performing HOs in 5G vehicular networks using the functionalities of the Media-Independent Handover (MIH) and Fast Proxy Mobile IPv6 (FPMIP) standards. The scheme supports both predictive and reactive HO scenarios. A velocity and alternative network monitoring process prepares each vehicle for both HO cases. In the case of predictive HO, each time the satisfaction grade of the vehicular user drops below a predefined threshold, the HO is initiated. On the other hand, in the case of reactive HO, the vehicle loses the connectivity with its serving network and connects to the available network that has obtained the higher ranking from the network selection process. Furthermore, the HO implementation is based on an improved version of the FPMIPv6 protocol. For the evaluation of the described methodology, a 5G vehicular network architecture was simulated. In this architecture, multiple network access technologies coexist, while the experimental results showed that the proposed scheme outperformed existing HO methods.
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Yao, Yingying, Xiaolin Chang, Jelena Misic e Vojislav Misic. "Reliable and Secure Vehicular Fog Service Provision". IEEE Internet of Things Journal 6, n. 1 (febbraio 2019): 734–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2018.2855718.
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Tahir, Muhammad Naeem, e Marcos Katz. "Heterogeneous (ITS-G5 and 5G) Vehicular Pilot Road Weather Service Platform in a Realistic Operational Environment". Sensors 21, n. 5 (1 marzo 2021): 1676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051676.
Abstract (sommario):
VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks) operating in conjunction with road-side infrastructure connecting road-side infrastructure are an emerging field of wireless communication technology in the vehicular communication’s domain. For VANETs, the IEEE 802.11p-based ITS-G5 is one of the key standards for communication globally. This research work integrates the ITS-G5 with a cellular-based 5G Test Network (5GTN). The resulting advanced heterogeneous Vehicular Network (VN) test-bed works as an effective platform for traffic safety between vehicles and road-side-infrastructure. This test-bed network provides a flexible framework to exploit vehicle-based weather data and road observation information, creating a service architecture for VANETs that supports real-time intelligent traffic services. The network studied in this paper aims to deliver improved road safety by providing real-time weather forecast, road friction information and road traffic related services. This article presents the implementation of a realistic test-bed in Northern Finland and the field measurement results of the heterogeneous VANETs considering the speed of vehicle, latency, good-put time and throughput. The field measurement results have been obtained in a state-of-the-art hybrid VANET system supporting special road weather services. Based on field measurement results, we suggest an efficient solution for a comprehensive hybrid vehicular networking infrastructure exploiting road weather information.
21
Mousannif, Hajar, Ismail Khalil e Stephan Olariu. "Cooperation as a Service in VANET: Implementation and Simulation Results". Mobile Information Systems 8, n. 2 (2012): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/853853.
Abstract (sommario):
The past decade has witnessed the emergence of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET), specializing from the well-known Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) to Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) wireless communications. While the original motivation for Vehicular Networks was to promote traffic safety, recently it has become increasingly obvious that Vehicular Networks open new vistas for Internet access, providing weather or road condition, parking availability, distributed gaming, and advertisement. In previous papers [27,28], we introduced Cooperation as a Service (CaaS); a new service-oriented solution which enables improved and new services for the road users and an optimized use of the road network through vehicle's cooperation and vehicle-to-vehicle communications. The current paper is an extension of the first ones; it describes an improved version of CaaS and provides its full implementation details and simulation results. CaaS structures the network into clusters, and uses Content Based Routing (CBR) for intra-cluster communications and DTN (Delay–and disruption-Tolerant Network) routing for inter-cluster communications. To show the feasibility of our approach, we implemented and tested CaaS using Opnet modeler software package. Simulation results prove the correctness of our protocol and indicate that CaaS achieves higher performance as compared to an Epidemic approach.
22
Javed, Muhammad Umar, Mubariz Rehman, Nadeem Javaid, Abdulaziz Aldegheishem, Nabil Alrajeh e Muhammad Tahir. "Blockchain-Based Secure Data Storage for Distributed Vehicular Networks". Applied Sciences 10, n. 6 (16 marzo 2020): 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10062011.
Abstract (sommario):
In this paper, a blockchain-based secure data sharing mechanism is proposed for Vehicular Networks (VNs). Edge service providers are introduced along with ordinary nodes to efficiently manage service provisioning. The edge service providers are placed in the neighborhood of the ordinary nodes to ensure smooth communication between them. The huge amount of data generated by smart vehicles is stored in a distributed file storage system, known as Interplanetary File System (IPFS). It is used to tackle the issues related to data storage in centralized architectures, such as data tampering, lack of privacy, vulnerability to hackers, etc. Monetary incentives are given to edge vehicle nodes to motivate them for accurate and timely service provisioning to ordinary nodes. In response, ordinary nodes give reviews to the edge nodes against the services provided by them, which are further stored in a blockchain to ensure integrity, security and transparency. Smart contracts are used to automate the system processes without the inclusion of an intermediate party and to check the reviews given to the edge nodes. To optimize gas consumption and to enhance the system performance, a Proof of Authority (PoA) consensus mechanism is used to validate the transactions. Moreover, a caching system is introduced at the edge nodes to store frequently used services. Furthermore, both security and privacy are enhanced in the proposed system by incorporating a symmetric key cryptographic mechanism. A trust management mechanism is also proposed in this work to calculate the nodes’ reputation values based upon their trust values. These values determine the authenticity of the nodes involved in the network. Eventually, it is concluded from the simulation results that the proposed system is efficient for VNs.
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Solaiappan, Srinivasagam, Bharathi Ramesh Kumar, N. Anbazhagan, Yooseung Song, Gyanendra Prasad Joshi e Woong Cho. "Vehicular Traffic Flow Analysis and Minimize the Vehicle Queue Waiting Time Using Signal Distribution Control Algorithm". Sensors 23, n. 15 (31 luglio 2023): 6819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23156819.
Abstract (sommario):
The real-time vehicular traffic system is an integral part of the urban vehicular traffic system, which provides effective traffic signal control for a large multifaceted traffic network and is a highly challenging distributed control problem. Coordinating vehicular traffic enables the network model to deliver an efficient service flow. Consider that there are four lanes of vehicular traffic in this situation, allowing parallel vehicle movements to occur without causing an accident. In this instance, the vehicular system’s control parameters are time and vehicle volume. In this work, vehicular traffic flow is examined, and an algorithm to estimate vehicle waiting time in each direction is estimated. The effectiveness of the proposed vehicle traffic signal distribution control system by comparing the experimental results with a real-time vehicular traffic system is verified. This is also illustrated numerically.
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Skondras, Emmanouil, Emmanouel T. Michailidis, Angelos Michalas, Dimitrios J. Vergados, Nikolaos I. Miridakis e Dimitrios D. Vergados. "A Network Slicing Framework for UAV-Aided Vehicular Networks". Drones 5, n. 3 (30 luglio 2021): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones5030070.
Abstract (sommario):
In a fifth generation (5G) vehicular network architecture, several point of access (PoA) types, including both road side units (RSUs) and aerial relay nodes (ARNs), can be leveraged to undertake the service of an increasing number of vehicular users. In such an architecture, the application of efficient resource allocation schemes is indispensable. In this direction, this paper describes a network slicing scheme for 5G vehicular networks that aims to optimize the performance of modern network services. The proposed architecture consists of ground RSUs and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) acting as ARNs enabling the communication between ground vehicular nodes and providing additional communication resources. Both RSUs and ARNs implement the LTE vehicle-to-everything (LTE-V2X) technology, while the position of each ARN is optimized by applying a fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making (fuzzy MADM) technique. With regard to the proposed network architecture, each RSU maintains a local virtual resource pool (LVRP) which contains local RBs (LRBs) and shared RBs (SRBs), while an SDN controller maintains a virtual resource pool (VRP), where the SRBs of the RSUs are stored. In addition, each ARN maintains its own resource blocks (RBs). For users connected to the RSUs, if the remaining RBs of the current RSU can satisfy the predefined threshold value, the LRBs of the RSU are allocated to user services. On the contrary, if the remaining RBs of the current RSU cannot satisfy the threshold, extra RBs from the VRP are allocated to user services. Similarly, for users connected to ARNs, the satisfaction grade of each user service is monitored considering both the QoS and the signal-to-noise plus interference (SINR) factors. If the satisfaction grade is higher than the predefined threshold value, the service requirements can be satisfied by the remaining RBs of the ARN. On the contrary, if the estimated satisfaction grade is lower than the predefined threshold value, the ARN borrows extra RBs from the LVRP of the corresponding RSU to achieve the required satisfaction grade. Performance evaluation shows that the suggested method optimizes the resource allocation and improves the performance of the offered services in terms of throughput, packet transfer delay, jitter and packet loss ratio, since the use of ARNs that obtain optimal positions improves the channel conditions observed from each vehicular user.
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Veremeenko, Elena. "Development of a System for increasing the Level of Vehicle Service at the Grain Terminal". MATEC Web of Conferences 334 (2021): 01029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133401029.
Abstract (sommario):
A system of measures allowing to improve the level of vehicle services at the grain terminal was developed. The composition of the considered system includes the following measures: “Grain Terminal” simulation model of service of vehicles, a program for implementation of the pre-registration of vehicles in the terminal, pre-parking, waiting for service and the algorithm of vehicular transport management using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology.
26
Kyung, Yeunwoong, e Taewon Song. "CSV: Content Service Offloading System with Vehicular Caching". Sensors 22, n. 20 (19 ottobre 2022): 7967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207967.
Abstract (sommario):
Vehicular caching (VC) has been considered as a promising technology to provide low end-to-end service latency and reduce the load of networks. However, it is difficult for VC to provide service continuity because of its opportunistic availability according to mobility. To mitigate this problem, we introduce a CSV: Content service offloading System with VC which can opportunistically distribute the load of the content server and support the service continuity. In CSV, the content service can be migrated between fog node (FN) and VC while maintaining the ongoing service without service disruption, which can opportunistically distribute the load of the content server and support the service continuity during migration. To assess the performance of CSV, we develop an analytical model for VC offloading efficiency. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that CSV can reduce the load of the content server compared to the conventional system.
27
Hui, Yilong, Zhou Su, Tom H. Luan e Changle Li. "Reservation Service: Trusted Relay Selection for Edge Computing Services in Vehicular Networks". IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 38, n. 12 (dicembre 2020): 2734–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2020.3005468.
28
Kumar, Krishan, Arun Prakash e Rajeev Tripathi. "A Spectrum Handoff Scheme for Optimal Network Selection in NEMO Based Cognitive Radio Vehicular Networks". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6528457.
Abstract (sommario):
When a mobile network changes its point of attachments in Cognitive Radio (CR) vehicular networks, the Mobile Router (MR) requires spectrum handoff. Network Mobility (NEMO) in CR vehicular networks is concerned with the management of this movement. In future NEMO based CR vehicular networks deployment, multiple radio access networks may coexist in the overlapping areas having different characteristics in terms of multiple attributes. The CR vehicular node may have the capability to make call for two or more types of nonsafety services such as voice, video, and best effort simultaneously. Hence, it becomes difficult for MR to select optimal network for the spectrum handoff. This can be done by performing spectrum handoff using Multiple Attributes Decision Making (MADM) methods which is the objective of the paper. The MADM methods such as grey relational analysis and cost based methods are used. The application of MADM methods provides wider and optimum choice among the available networks with quality of service. Numerical results reveal that the proposed scheme is effective for spectrum handoff decision for optimal network selection with reduced complexity in NEMO based CR vehicular networks.
29
Sukuvaara, Timo, Kari Mäenpää e Riika Ylitalo. "Vehicular-networking- and road-weather-related research in Sodankylä". Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 5, n. 2 (13 ottobre 2016): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-5-513-2016.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. Vehicular-networking- and especially safety-related wireless vehicular services have been under intensive research for almost a decade now. Only in recent years has road weather information also been acknowledged to play an important role when aiming to reduce traffic accidents and fatalities via intelligent transport systems (ITSs). Part of the progress can be seen as a result of the Finnish Meteorological Institute's (FMI) long-term research work in Sodankylä within the topic, originally started in 2006. Within multiple research projects, the FMI Arctic Research Centre has been developing wireless vehicular networking and road weather services, in co-operation with the FMI meteorological services team in Helsinki. At the beginning the wireless communication was conducted with traditional Wi-Fi type local area networking, but during the development the system has evolved into a hybrid communication system of a combined vehicular ad hoc networking (VANET) system with special IEEE 802.11p protocol and supporting cellular networking based on a commercial 3G network, not forgetting support for Wi-Fi-based devices also. For piloting purposes and further research, we have established a special combined road weather station (RWS) and roadside unit (RSU), to interact with vehicles as a service hotspot. In the RWS–RSU we have chosen to build support to all major approaches, IEEE 802.11, traditional Wi-Fi and cellular 3G. We employ road weather systems of FMI, along with RWS and vehicle data gathered from vehicles, in the up-to-date localized weather data delivered in real time. IEEE 802.11p vehicular networking is supported with Wi-Fi and 3G communications. This paper briefly introduces the research work related to vehicular networking and road weather services conducted in Sodankylä, as well as the research project involved in this work. The current status of instrumentation, available services and capabilities are presented in order to formulate a clear general view of the research field.
30
Zhang, Qiang. "Multihop Transmission-Oriented Dynamic Workflow Scheduling in Vehicular Cloud". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (8 dicembre 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2033644.
Abstract (sommario):
Vehicular cloud as a kind of resource aggregation can provide cloud service flexibly for intelligent transportation systems and individual users. However, the dynamicity of vehicular cloud such as dynamic multihop transmission also brings new challenges to workflow scheduling. In this paper, a heuristic dynamic workflow scheduling (HDWS) strategy is proposed to solve the problem of workflow scheduling with dynamic multihop transmission in vehicular cloud. HDWS establishes a local scheduling based on the current resource status and task sets. The makespan of local scheduling is optimized by reassigning tasks based on task interdependency. At run time of an application, HDWS estimates the makespan in real time based on the current transmission rates and the unready tasks will be rescheduled once it detects the degradation of the makespan. Experimental results show that the proposed HDWS can improve the service success ratio of vehicular cloud and decrease the makespan compared to the existing approaches.
31
Venkatcharyulu, S., e V. Mallikarjunareddy. "Traffic volume Analysis of Newly Developing semi-urban Road". E3S Web of Conferences 184 (2020): 01116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018401116.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of the study and analyze traffic vehicular at peak hours, traffic congestion, determine level of service and provide suitable solution to reduce congestion and improve level of service. Hyderabad is a rapidly urbanizing metropolitan city with a population of 68.1lakhs. The increasing population has led to a tremendous increase in vehicular ownership resulting in high motorization rates. Vehicular population in Hyderabad is about 50lakhs. This increase in vehicular population, congestion and hazardous traffic conditions have resulted in traffic congestions, traffic delays, accidents, environ, noise pollution, air pollution and many more. Traffic volume studies are conducted for the counting number vehicles in th study area . . Data obtained from Nizampet road from the Miyapur useful for the identification of Heavy vehicular flow which studied and number of vehicle movement has studied . The data collected from surveys will be used for determination(PHO) and analysing the traffic volume, passenger car unit (PCU), congestion, Peak hour factor and Directional distribution, volume capacity ratio. A report is to be made on the road of 7km, semi urban road Miyapur X road to Nizampet ,(Hyderabad,INDIA) is studied for vehicles count, road conditions, traffic conditions, peak hour volume, pedestrian count where congestion usually happens, manually using tally sheets and recommend some measures for increasing Level of service of the road. The semi urban road has newly grown village which is immediate vicinity to the developed area. Hence the study of This traffic vehicular moment will help the local authorities to take decisions and finally control over movement of the vehicles.
32
Kumar, Rakesh, Sunil K. Singh, D. K. Lobiyal, Kwok Tai Chui, Domenico Santaniello e Marjan Kuchaki Rafsanjani. "A Novel Decentralized Group Key Management Scheme for Cloud-Based Vehicular IoT Networks". International Journal of Cloud Applications and Computing 12, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2022): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcac.311037.
Abstract (sommario):
The vehicular internet of things (VIoT) network is connecting smart commuters to elevate traffic problems and effectiveness that help to improve driving conditions for vehicles. Every ITS-based vehicle OBU and commuter might be interchangeable and used to give access permission for the various services during transportation such as infotainment, emergency service, environment service, road condition, etc. These services are suffering from the 1-affect-n problem, scalability, memory resources, computation, and communication overhead. In this paper, the authors proposed a novel decentralized group key management protocol for cloud-based vehicular IoT networks (GVIoTNet) to solve the problem of 1-affect-n and scalability by using the decentralized approach of group key access, key generation, key distribution, key update among vehicles and commuters. Further, by using the master key encryption approach, the average rekeying minimization is 84.84% with the GroupIT scheme. The minimization of rekeying reduces storage overhead and improves computation as well as communication overhead.
33
Haoxiang, Dr Wang, e Dr Smys S. "QOS ENHANCED ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR VEHICULAR NETWORK USING SOFT COMPUTING TECHNIQUE". Journal of Soft Computing Paradigm 2019, n. 2 (19 dicembre 2019): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jscp.2019.2.004.
Abstract (sommario):
The vehicular network that scopes to reach the internet access to make use of the available service on road along with the improvement in the safety and convenience while travelling has become a very popular area of research as they lay as the foundation for the intelligent transportation system. But due to the high mobility of the vehicles the network topology remains dynamic and the connectivity between the vehicles keep on changing reducing the life expectancy of the links and failures in the delivery of the services. So this paves way for the entailment of the more effective routing protocol that would heighten the vehicular network quality of service. The proposed method in the paper puts forth the modified Ant colony optimization that integrates the clustering technique to frame optimal shortest route for the internet access in the vehicular network to manage its mobility and the topology changes. The process of optimal route selection taking into consideration the mobility and the dynamic topology is evaluated using the network simulator tool to prove the capabilities of the proposed method on the grounds of bandwidth utilization throughput delay and link life expectancy.
34
Kafafy, Mai, Ahmed S. Ibrahim e Mahmoud H. Ismail. "Maximum-Service Channel Assignment in Vehicular Radar-Communication". IEEE Access 9 (2021): 138359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3118964.
35
Imadali, Sofiane, Athanasia Karanasiou, Alexandru Petrescu, Ioannis Sifniadis, Eleftheria Velidou, Véronique Vèque e Pantelis Angelidis. "eHealth Service Support in Future IPv6 Vehicular Networks". Future Internet 5, n. 3 (27 giugno 2013): 317–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi5030317.
36
Boban, Mate, e Andreas Festag. "Service-actuated multi-channel operation for vehicular communications". Computer Communications 93 (novembre 2016): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2016.05.014.
37
Ge, Shuxin, Meng Cheng e Xiaobo Zhou. "Interference Aware Service Migration in Vehicular Fog Computing". IEEE Access 8 (2020): 84272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2992275.
38
Sri Gnana Deepika, G., e P. Sai Kiran. "Vehicular Fog Computing: The Need for a New Paradigm and its Issues". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n. 2.7 (18 marzo 2018): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.7.10890.
Abstract (sommario):
Smart vehicles participating in VANET have high computing capabilities which lead the demand to support more applications that give safety and effective measures to people. The vehicles in VANET are taking the help of cloud services for communication, computation and storage which benefits in economical way and we call that as vehicular cloud computing (VCC). Due to certain limitations in VCC and also demand for more quality of service applications in smart vehicles a new paradigm called vehicular fog computing (VFC) is proposed which helps to overcome limitations in VCC and provide more quality services to users participating in VANET. Some of the security challenges and possible attacks in VFC are also stated.
39
Bezerra, Paulo, Adalberto Melo, Allan Douglas, Hugo Santos, Denis Rosário e Eduardo Cerqueira. "A collaborative routing protocol for video streaming with fog computing in vehicular ad hoc networks". International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 15, n. 3 (marzo 2019): 155014771983283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147719832839.
Abstract (sommario):
Vehicular ad hoc networks play an important role in the efficiency of road traffic by improving safety and acting as a facilitator of services for passengers, drivers, and public safety officers. Recent improvements in the routing protocols and topologies used in vehicular networks have contributed to improvements in scalability, reliability, and the quality of the information-sharing experience. Vehicles can cooperate with each other to stream videos of accidents or disasters and provide visual information of the monitored area with great precision. This article proposes a collaborative routing protocol for video streaming vehicular ad hoc networks using the service of fog storage to minimize the sharing of content. The routing table is based on an indicator that is generated by combining the speed, location, and recording angle parameters of each vehicle involved in vehicular collaboration to reduce the unnecessary exchange of video data in vehicle-to-vehicle communications. The results of the simulations show that the proposed model performs favorably when compared with other routing protocols with respect to the availability of end-to-end communication.
40
Kakkavas, Grigorios, Maria Diamanti, Adamantia Stamou, Vasileios Karyotis, Faouzi Bouali, Jarno Pinola, Olli Apilo, Symeon Papavassiliou e Klaus Moessner. "Design, Development, and Evaluation of 5G-Enabled Vehicular Services: The 5G-HEART Perspective". Sensors 22, n. 2 (6 gennaio 2022): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22020426.
Abstract (sommario):
The ongoing transition towards 5G technology expedites the emergence of a variety of mobile applications that pertain to different vertical industries. Delivering on the key commitment of 5G, these diverse service streams, along with their distinct requirements, should be facilitated under the same unified network infrastructure. Consequently, in order to unleash the benefits brought by 5G technology, a holistic approach towards the requirement analysis and the design, development, and evaluation of multiple concurrent vertical services should be followed. In this paper, we focus on the Transport vertical industry, and we study four novel vehicular service categories, each one consisting of one or more related specific scenarios, within the framework of the “5G Health, Aquaculture and Transport (5G-HEART)” 5G PPP ICT-19 (Phase 3) project. In contrast to the majority of the literature, we provide a holistic overview of the overall life-cycle management required for the realization of the examined vehicular use cases. This comprises the definition and analysis of the network Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) resulting from high-level user requirements and their interpretation in terms of the underlying network infrastructure tasked with meeting their conflicting or converging needs. Our approach is complemented by the experimental investigation of the real unified 5G pilot’s characteristics that enable the delivery of the considered vehicular services and the initial trialling results that verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the presented theoretical analysis.
41
Meng, Yun, Yuan Dong, Chunling Wu e Xinyi Liu. "A Low-Cost Resource Re-Allocation Scheme for Increasing the Number of Guaranteed Services in Resource-Limited Vehicular Networks". Sensors 18, n. 11 (9 novembre 2018): 3846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113846.
Abstract (sommario):
Vehicular networks are becoming increasingly dense due to expanding wireless services and platooning has been regarded as a promising technology to improve road capacity and on-road safety. Constrained by limited resources, not all communication links in platoons can be allocated to the resources without suffering interference. To guarantee the quality of service, it is required to determine the set of served services at which the scale of demand exceeds the capability of the network. To increase the number of guaranteed services, the resource allocation has to be adjusted to adapt to the dynamic environment of the vehicular network. However, resource re-allocation results in additional costs, including signal overhead and latency. To increase the number of guaranteed services at a low-cost in a resource-limited vehicular network, we propose a time dynamic optimization method that constrains the network re-allocation rate. To decrease the computational complexity, the time dynamic optimization problem is converted into a deterministic optimization problem using the Lyapunov optimization theory. The simulation indicates that the analytical results do approximate the reality, and that the proposed scheme results in a higher number of guaranteed services as compared to the results of a similar algorithm.
42
Lira, Luis Alberto Núñez, Kukati Aruna Kumari, Dr Ramakrishnan Raman, Ardhariksa Zukhruf Kurniullah, Santiago Aquiles Gallarday Morales e Tula Del Carmen Espinoza Cordero. "Data Security Enhancement in 4G Vehicular Networks Based on Reinforcement Learning for Satellite Edge Computing". International Journal of Communication Networks and Information Security (IJCNIS) 14, n. 3 (23 dicembre 2022): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijcnis.v14i3.5571.
Abstract (sommario):
The vehicular network provides the dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) with IEEE 802.11p standard. The VANET model comprises of cellular vehicle-to-everything communication with wireless communication technology. Vehicular Edge Computing exhibits the promising technology to provide promising Intelligent Transport System Services. Smart application and urban computing. Satellite edge computing model is adopted in vehicular networks to provide services to the VANET communication for the management of computational resources for the end-users to provide access to low latency services for maximal execution of service. The satellite edge computing model implemented with the 4G vehicular communication network model subjected to data security issues. This paper presented a Route Computation Deep Learning Model (RCDL) to improve security in VANET communication with 4G technology. The RCDL model uses the route establishment model with the optimal route selection. The compute route is transmitted with the cryptographic scheme model for the selection of optimal route identified from the satellite edge computing model. The proposed RCDL scheme uses the deep learning-based reinforcement learning scheme for the attack prevention in the VANET environment employed with the 4G technology communication model. The simulation results expressed that proposed RCDL model achieves the higher PDR value of 98% which is ~6% higher than the existing model. The estimation of end-to-end delay is minimal for the RCDL scheme and improves the VANET communication.
43
J. Suguna, Dr, e G. Keerthana. "Lightweight VANET Architecture for Efficient Secure Data Transmission using CPABE & IBOOS". International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 11, n. 2 (30 dicembre 2021): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.b9639.1211221.
Abstract (sommario):
Cloud computing is a network access concept that provides simple, on-demand network access to a shared pool of customizable computing resources (such as networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be quickly provided and released with minimal administrative effort or service provider involvement. The idea of having a communication node on-board a vehicle that may make wireless connections with other adjacent communication nodes visible in the radio range is referred to as a Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET). The main focus of this paper is to design lightweight Vehicular Adhoc Network architecture for efficient secure data transmission. An improved Ciphertext Policy Attribute Based Encryption scheme and Identity Based offline/online Signature scheme are proposed to reduce the computational cost, storage overhead and communication overhead in vehicular ad-hoc network. Finally, concluded that the proposed work yields high performance than the existing work.
44
Hussain, Md Muzakkir, Ahmad Taher Azar, Rafeeq Ahmed, Syed Umar Amin, Basit Qureshi, V. Dinesh Reddy, Irfan Alam e Zafar Iqbal Khan. "SONG: A Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm for Delay and Energy Aware Facility Location in Vehicular Fog Networks". Sensors 23, n. 2 (6 gennaio 2023): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020667.
Abstract (sommario):
With the emergence of delay- and energy-critical vehicular applications, forwarding sense-actuate data from vehicles to the cloud became practically infeasible. Therefore, a new computational model called Vehicular Fog Computing (VFC) was proposed. It offloads the computation workload from passenger devices (PDs) to transportation infrastructures such as roadside units (RSUs) and base stations (BSs), called static fog nodes. It can also exploit the underutilized computation resources of nearby vehicles that can act as vehicular fog nodes (VFNs) and provide delay- and energy-aware computing services. However, the capacity planning and dimensioning of VFC, which come under a class of facility location problems (FLPs), is a challenging issue. The complexity arises from the spatio-temporal dynamics of vehicular traffic, varying resource demand from PD applications, and the mobility of VFNs. This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization model to investigate the facility location in VFC networks. The solutions to this model generate optimal VFC topologies pertaining to an optimized trade-off (Pareto front) between the service delay and energy consumption. Thus, to solve this model, we propose a hybrid Evolutionary Multi-Objective (EMO) algorithm called Swarm Optimized Non-dominated sorting Genetic algorithm (SONG). It combines the convergence and search efficiency of two popular EMO algorithms: the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) and Speed-constrained Particle Swarm Optimization (SMPSO). First, we solve an example problem using the SONG algorithm to illustrate the delay–energy solution frontiers and plotted the corresponding layout topology. Subsequently, we evaluate the evolutionary performance of the SONG algorithm on real-world vehicular traces against three quality indicators: Hyper-Volume (HV), Inverted Generational Distance (IGD) and CPU delay gap. The empirical results show that SONG exhibits improved solution quality over the NSGA-II and SMPSO algorithms and hence can be utilized as a potential tool by the service providers for the planning and design of VFC networks.
45
Rasheed, Iftikhar, Muhammad Asif, Wali Ullah Khan, Asim Ihsan, Kalim Ullah e Md Sadek Ali. "Blockchain-Based Trust Verification and Streaming Service Awareness for Big Data-Driven 5G and Beyond Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communication". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (1 aprile 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7357820.
Abstract (sommario):
Vigorous security and transparency with minimum latency and a high data rate are some of the key requirements for 5G and beyond vehicular networks especially in case of big data-driven vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication applications which plays an important role in enabling advance intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and Internet of Vehicle (IoV) based network. The trace-ability in blockchain makes it one of the vital options, back-boned by the decentralized network to ensure independent security and privacy by exploiting the hash of a previous transaction with the time stamp and announcing it publicly for rejection of possible adversary attack. Therefore, in this work, we have opted for blockchains for trusted authentication and service awareness in 5G and beyond vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication-based vehicular networks to stream blocks by certifying privacy and security. Here, we have considered blockchain as intermediary trusted agent to witness communication between a vehicle node and edge node, where edge node also uploads microservices along with calling figure of microservices to the blockchain. Furthermore, to ensure vehicle privacy with joint verification of vehicular network and server, we have devised a mechanism in which every vehicle nodes anonymously ask for services from the edge server along with signing an individual’s identity. Moreover, based on generated vehicle requests and service awareness, we devised an improved edge cache scheme for the prior compilation of services at each edge. In comparison to the previous state-of-art work, the result shows that our proposed work handles the requests more efficiently to achieve a better service request cache hit rate generated by vehicles at the edge server.
46
Liu, Jingyao, Guangsheng Feng, Jiayu Sun, Liying Zheng e Huiqiang Wang. "QoE-Oriented Cooperative Broadcast Optimization for Vehicular Video Streaming". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (23 dicembre 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8653083.
Abstract (sommario):
The popularity of online vehicular video has caused enormous information requests in Internet of vehicles (IoV), which brings huge challenges to cellular networks. To alleviate the pressure of base station (BS), Roadside Units (RSUs) and vehicle peers are introduced to collaboratively provide broadcast services to vehicle requesters where vehicles act as both service providers and service requesters. In this paper, we propose an efficient framework leveraging scalable video coding (SVC) technique to improve quality of experience (QoE) from two perspectives: (1) maximizing the data volume received by all requesters and (2) determining buffer action based on playback fluency and average playback quality. For (1), potential providers cooperate to determine the precached video content and delivery policy with the consideration of vehicular mobility and wireless channel status. If one provider fails, other sources will complement to provide requested content delivery. Therefore, their cooperation can improve the QoE and enhance the service reliability. For (2), according to buffer occupancy status, vehicle requesters manage buffer action whether to buffer new segments or upgrade the enhancement level of unplayed segment. Furthermore, the optimization of the data volume is formulated as an integer nonlinear programming (INLP) problem, which can be converted into some linear integer programming subproblems through McCormick envelope method and Lagrange relaxation. Numerical simulation results show that our algorithm is effective in improving total data throughput and QoE.
47
Yoo, Sang Guun. "5G-VRSec: Secure Video Reporting Service in 5G Enabled Vehicular Networks". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7256307.
Abstract (sommario):
Despite an imminent arrival of the 5G communication technology, there are only a few research works done using such technology in the field of vehicular networks. One of the pioneers in proposing a service for 5G enabled vehicular networks is the Eiza-Ni-Shi Scheme. In such scheme, the authors present an innovative system model for 5G vehicular networks that enables a secure real-time video reporting service with privacy awareness. Even though the proposed service is very important since it aims to improve the road safety, it cannot be considered secure enough. This work found that the scheme has serious security flaws and functionality limitations. First, it is vulnerable to Department of Motor Vehicles and Law Enforcement Agency impersonation attacks, it allows forged video upload, there is no separation of responsibilities between Law Enforcement Agency and trusted authority, and it is susceptible to privileged insider attack. In addition, it does not contemplate the management of multiple geographic/administrative regions (multiple trusted authorities) which is important in real implementations. In this situation, the present work proposes an extended scheme that eliminates the identified security flaws and implements new features that make the implementation across several geographic/administrative regions possible.
48
Gilly, Katja, Sonja Filiposka, Salvador Alcaraz Carrasco e Anastas Mishev. "Dynamic Resource Management of Real-Time Edge Services for Intelligent Vehicular Networks: A Case Study". Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 25, n. 4 (7 agosto 2019): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.25.4.23971.
Abstract (sommario):
The Internet of Vehicles requires high bandwidth and low latency services to unleash the potential of fully connected vehicles. Thus, the offloading proposals that successfully manage massive real-time service requests from vehicle nodes are needed. In this paper, we analyse the dynamic resource management for intelligent vehicular networks based on Multi-access Edge Computing architecture services. Using a combination of CloudSim and SUMO simulators, we present a case study of infotainment services in the city centre of Alicante, in Spain, that shows a high degree of optimality both in service allocation and migration when considering dense urban environments.
49
Zamrai, Muhammad Arif Hakimi, Kamaludin Mohamad Yusof e Afizi Azizan. "Dissecting Denial of Service (DoS) Syn Flood Attack Dynamics and Impacts in Vehicular Communication Systems". ITM Web of Conferences 63 (2024): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20246301008.
Abstract (sommario):
In the rapidly evolving landscape of vehicular networks, the resilience of vehicular communication systems against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks is critical. Existing research often overlooks the nuanced dynamics of such attacks, particularly in terms of packet size variability and vehicle mobility within Software-Define Internet of Vehicles (SD-IoV) systems. This study addresses this research gap by conducting a detailed analysis of SYN flood DoS attack patterns and their impact on SDN-controlled vehicular networks. This research examines the effects of different packet sizes in SYN packet—1 byte, 200 bytes, 360 bytes, and 1400 bytes—and explore how these packet size variations influence the efficacy of the attacks and the resultant downtime experienced by the victim car. This research findings reveal that SYN flood attacks employing minimal 1-byte packets can cause prolonged unresponsiveness in the victim vehicle, leading to a drastic drop in packet throughput. This research underscores the subtleties of DoS attack strategies and their significant implications on the functionality and safety of IoV environments. The alarming potential of such refined and coordinated DoS attack highlights an urgent need for the development of robust defense mechanisms that can adapt to the sophisticated landscape of vehicular cyber threats.
50
Zhao, Jiale, Yong Ma, Yunni Xia, Mengxuan Dai, Peng Chen, Tingyan Long, Shiyun Shao, Fan Li, Yin Li e Feng Zeng. "A Novel Fault-Tolerant Approach for Dynamic Redundant Path Selection Service Migration in Vehicular Edge Computing". Applied Sciences 12, n. 19 (4 ottobre 2022): 9987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199987.
Abstract (sommario):
Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC) provides users with low-latency and highly responsive services by deploying Edge Servers (ESs) close to applications. In practice, vehicles are usually moving rapidly. To ensure the continuity of services, edge service migration technology is in high need, by which an application, infrastructure or any edge-hosted applications or services are not locked into a single vendor and allowed to shift between different edge resource vendors. Nevertheless, due to their complex and dynamic nature, real edge computing environments are error and fault prone and thus the reliability of edge service migrations can be easily compromised if the proactive measures are not taken to counter failures at different levels. In this paper, we propose a novel fault-tolerant approach for Dynamic Redundant Path Selection service migration (DRPS). The DRPS approach consists of path selection algorithm and service migration algorithm. The path selection algorithm is capable of evaluating time-varying failure rates of ESs by leveraging a sliding window-based model and identifying a set of service migration paths. The service migration algorithm incorporates resubmission and replication mechanisms as well and decides edge service migration schemes by choosing multiple redundant migration paths. We also conduct extensive simulations and show that our proposed method outperforms traditional solutions by 17.45%, 13.17%, and 7.22% in terms of ACT, TCR, and AFC, respectively.