Tesi: "Vascular risk factors"

1

Cornett, Patricia F. "Risk Factors for Vascular Dementia". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4781/.

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Dementia is a devastating disorder that commonly affects people over the age of 65. Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia are the most common forms of dementias. A number of studies have implicated cardiovascular risks as important factors in the development of dementia. These risks include high-risk behaviors such as smoking and risks related at least partially to health behaviors such as diet and exercise. This study examines a group of cardiovascular risk factors, as defined by the Framingham study, to ascertain if they are predictors of dementia. A retrospective chart review of 481consecutive patients seen in a geriatric medicine clinic produced a sample of 177 individuals diagnosed with dementia and 304 individuals without a dementia diagnosis. Relative risk ratio (RRR) results indicate that a history of hypertension (RRR= 1.80, p = .009) and a history of hypercholesterolemia (RRR = 1.85, p = .016) are significant predictors of Alzheimer's disease. A history of tobacco use (RRR = 2.18, p = .01) is a significant predictor of vascular dementia. Stepwise regression analyses indicate that hypercholesterolemia is an independent predictor of dementia (b = -.113, p = .009) and hypercholesterolemia (b = -.104, p = .018) and hypertension (b = -.094, p = .031) clustered together have an additive risk factor effect. These results are discussed in terms of the importance of specific health behaviors in the development and possible prevention of dementia.

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2

Leeson, Christopher Paul Maxted. "Early risk factors for later vascular disease". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624836.

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3

Seshadri, Swathi. "Retinal vascular function and cardiovascular risk factors". Thesis, Aston University, 2015. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/27347/.

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The current platform of conventional cardiovascular risk assessments tends to forsake the importance of endothelial function - a key biological mechanism by which cardiovascular risk factors exert their propensity for adverse vascular events. Moreover, the presence and severity of endothelial dysfunction in ‘low-risk’ individuals suggests considerable variability in pre-clinical risk that could potentially be detected well before the onset of disease. The aim of the present thesis was to investigate the presence and impact of retinal vascular dysfunction, as a barometer of endothelial function, in otherwise healthy individuals with one or more cardiovascular risk factors, but low to moderate cardiovascular risk. Systemic circulatory influences on retinal vascular function were also evaluated. The principle sections and findings of this work are: 1. Ageing effect on retinal vascular function • In low-risk individuals, there are age differences in retinal vascular function throughout the entire functional response curve for arteries and veins. Gender differences mainly affect the dilatory phase and are only present in young individuals. 2. Retinal vascular function in healthy individuals with a family history of cardiovascular disease • In low-risk individuals with a family history of cardiovascular disease, impairments in microvascular function at the retinal level correlate with established plasma markers for cardiovascular risk. 3. Ethnic differences in retinal vascular function • When compared to age-matched White Europeans, in low-risk middle-aged South Asians, there are impairments in retinal vascular function that correlate with established cardiovascular risk indicators. 4. Systemic circulatory influences on retinalµvascular function • Systemic antioxidant capacity (redox index) and plasma markers for cardiovascular risk (lipids) influence retinal microvascular function at both arterial and venous levels. 5. Retinal vascular function in individuals with obstructive sleep apnoea: a preliminarystudy • Patients with moderate to severe sleep apnoea exhibit attenuated retinal vascular function.

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4

VERTICCHIO, VERCELLIN ALICE CHANDRA. "VASCULAR RISK FACTORS AND GLAUCOMA OPTIC NEUROPATHY". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1434314.

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5

Kerr, Gillian. "Cerebrovascular diseases, vascular risk factors and socioeconomic status". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1892/.

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Cerebrovascular disease, has an enormous, and increasing, impact on global health. As well as causing clinical stroke, cerebrovascular disease is thought to be a major contributor to cognitive decline and dementia. Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with risk of stroke. Those in the lowest SES group are estimated to be at twice the risk of stroke compared to those in the highest SES group. Those with low SES may also have a more severe stroke and a poorer outcome. It is imperative that the extent and mechanism of this association is clarified. This thesis aims to determine if the association between SES and stroke is explained by a greater prevalence of traditional vascular risk factors amongst those of low SES. It also explains the link with a novel risk factor, poor oral health. Lastly it addresses the long-term cognitive outcome in older people at risk of vascular disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to establish if vascular risk factors explain the association between SES and stroke incidence / post-stroke mortality. This demonstrated that lower SES was associated with an increased risk of stroke and that a greater burden of vascular risk factors in those with low SES explained about 50% of the additional risk of stroke. However this meta-analysis could not clarify what vascular risk factors are most critical. Low SES was also associated with increased mortality risk in those who have a stroke although study results were heterogeneous and this link was not readily explained by known vascular risk factors. A prospective study of 467 consecutive stroke and transient ischameic attack (TIA) patients from three Scottish hospitals was undertaken with the aim of establishing whether those with low SES carry higher levels of vascular risk factors, have a more severe stroke and have equal access to stroke care services and investigations. Stroke / TIA patients with low SES were younger and more likely to be current smokers but there was no association with other vascular risk factors /co-morbidity. Those who had lower SES had a more severe stroke. The lowest SES group were less likely to have neuroimaging or an electrocardiogram although differences were not significant on multivariate analysis. There was however equal access to stroke unit care. A secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of 412 stroke patients was conducted. The aim was to explore oral health after acute stroke and assess if poor oral health explains the association between SES and stroke. Dry mouth amongst acute stroke patients was very common, however there was no association between oral health and low SES. There was an association of dry mouth with pre-stroke disability and Urinary Tract Infection. There was also a link with oral Candida glabrata colonisation, although the clinical relevance of this is uncertain. In the acute phase after stroke there was no convincing association of dry mouth with dysphagia or pneumonia. Therefore there was no association between SES and poor oral health as measured in this study but oral health may still be part of the explanation of the association between SES and acute stroke and this needs further investigation. Vascular disease is an important contributor to cognitive decline and dementia. Low SES may be associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline in later life and vascular disease may be a mediating factor. More effective prevention of vascular disease may slow cognitive decline and prevent dementia in later life, particularly in low SES groups. Lipid lowering with statins might be effective in preventing dementia but so far evidence from randomised control trials does not show benefit from statins in preventing cognitive decline and dementia. However the duration of follow-up in these trials was short and there may be benefit in the long-term. My aim was therefore to establish if long-term follow-up of the Prospective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER) study was feasible. I found that it was feasible to follow-up 300 elderly survivors from the Scottish arm of the PROSPER study and the methods could be extended to the whole group. As expected nearly half of the PROSPER participants were dead. Additionally a large proportion of traceable participants had significant cognitive impairment. Smoking cessation, control of blood pressure and management of other vascular risk factors should be made a priority in areas of low SES. Additionally further research is needed to fully clarify the association between SES and stroke incidence. Avenues for exploration might include the possibilities of poorer access to effective stroke care, reduced uptake of care and poorer oral health in lower SES groups. In addition public health campaigns regarding smoking cessation should be directed at lower SES groups. I have shown that a large scale follow-up of the PROSPER participants is feasible and may determine new and novel risk factors for dementia and assess the long-term effect of a period of treatment with pravastatin.

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6

Warsch, Jessica. "Subclinical Vascular Brain Damage, Vascular Risk Factors, and Depression in Successful Cognitive Aging". Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/644.

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Currently, about one in every eight Americans is age 65 or older; by the year 2050, it will be one in five people. Given this graying of the population, research into successful aging is of increasing relevance. The question of how to precisely define successful aging, however, has not been completely answered. Likewise, the role of vascular risk factors, subclinical vascular brain damage, and other biopsychosocial characteristics in normal cognitive aging are not well understood. This Dissertation focused on the identification of some of the physiological, behavioral, and social risk factors that distinguish people able to maintain extraordinary health at an advanced age. Specifically, we aimed to create an ecologically valid definition of successful aging that incorporates both physical well-being and cognitive abilities, and to report the prevalence of successful cognitive aging in a population-based multi-ethnic cohort of older adults. We sought to describe how the prevalence varies by several sociodemographic and psychosocial determinants, and to investigate global vascular risk, depressive symptomatology, and MRI markers of subclinical vascular brain damage as correlates of successful cognitive aging. We observed the prevalence of successful cognitive aging to be 37% in the study sample (N=1,162) of a diverse racial/ethnic population in Northern Manhattan (NYC, NY). The prevalence decreased with increasing age; we did not observe any differences by racial/ethnic group, but did note a lower prevalence with lower socioeconomic status. Several social resources and self-reported quality of life were related to successful cognitive aging, and appeared more important than demographic variables alone. We found that the likelihood of successful cognitive aging decreases with increasing global vascular risk score, more severe depressive symptomatology, and greater white matter damage. The field of successful aging requires further study. Consideration of such biopsychosocial factors as socioeconomic status, social support, quality of life, and depressive symptoms alongside novel indicators of disease and disability including global vascular risk and white matter hyperintensity burden is essential. It may lead to a more robust definition of successful cognitive aging replete with opportunities to modify the aging process, as many of the factors investigated in this study are modifiable.

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7

Stanyer, Lee. "Beta-amyloid/plasma lipoprotein interactions : implications for vascular damage". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270774.

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8

Rönnemaa, Elina. "Predictors of Dementia : Insulin, Fatty Acids and Vascular Risk Factors". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-164528.

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Identification of modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is crucial in order to diminish suffering from this devastating disease. The aim of this thesis was to investigate if different aspects of glucose metabolism, insulin, fatty-acid composition or other vascular risk factors predict the future development of AD and dementia. This thesis is based on the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) cohort, which started in 1970. A total of 2322 men at age 50 were examined with focus on vascular risk factors. The cohort was re-examined at ages 60, 71, 77, 82 and 88. Incident diagnoses of AD, vascular dementia, other dementias and cognitive impairment were assessed in 2005–2010. The risk of AD was increased in subjects with lower early insulin response measured with both an intravenous glucose tolerance test at 50 years and an oral glucose tolerance test at 71 years of age. The presence of vascular risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia and smoking increased the risk of future vascular dementia but not of AD. Furthermore, saturated fatty acids at midlife were inversely associated with risk of AD. No evidence of a protective effect of omega-3 fatty acids against dementia was found. The susceptibility allele, APOE ε4, was the strongest individual risk factor. APOE ε4 carriers with vascular risk factors had the greatest risk of developing dementia. Low insulin response was a risk factor for AD mainly in APOE ε4 non-carriers. Disturbances in insulin and glucose metabolism, vascular risk factors and fatty acids are linked differentially to the pathogenesis of AD and vascular dementia. These observations should be considered when future clinical approaches are planned to prevent and postpone the onset of dementia.
ULSAM

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9

Howard, Kellee. "The relationship between vascular risk factors and vascular cognitive impairment, a secondary analysis of a dataset". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0033/MQ66626.pdf.

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10

Al-Shoumer, Kamal Abdul Aziz Sulaiman. "Studies on intermediary metabolism and vascular risk factors in hypopituitary patients". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289334.

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11

Pathansali, Rohan. "The role of megakaryocytes and platelets in vascular risk factors and vascular disease and the effects of treatment". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412571.

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12

Reitz, Christiane. "Genetic and vascular risk factors for cognitive decline and cerebral small-vessel disease". [S.l.] : [The Author], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/13309.

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13

Webb, A. T. "Vascular disease in renal replacement therapy and its relation to underlying risk factors". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398457.

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14

Inthawong, Rungkarn. "Assessing the impact of reducing risk factors for cardio-vascular disease in Thailand". Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2015. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20833/.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global health problem and there has been an epidemiological transition of CVD from high income countries to low-middle income countries. In the case of Thailand, the prevalence of heart disease and stroke is increasing. In order to reduce the risk of CVD, the Ministry of Public Health in Thailand has implemented a number of primary CVD prevention strategies within the last decade. These strategies are being specifically implemented to address the future potential economic burden of increasing CVD. However, the economic impact of reducing multiple risk factors, at a population level in Thailand, in terms of health care costs is unclear. In order to plan for investment in public health interventions within finite resources, it is imperative that decision makers have sufficient information to identify the target populations and risk reduction strategies, and to assess the impact of these strategies on the population. This study aims to estimate the future prevalence of CVD in Thailand over the next 5-10 years and the potential economic and health benefits of strategies to reduce the population risk factors during this period. The mathematic CVD cost-offset model has been developed in this study in 7 stages. 1) Descriptive analysis of the CVD risk profile data from the 4th National Health Examination Survey (NHESIV) 2008-2009 data set in order to explore the association of CVD risk factors in Thailand. 2) Calculate the probability of future CVD event which applies the CVD risk prediction equation. 3) Estimate of the number of future CVD events. 4) Validation of the estimated number of annual CVD event with the actual CVD hospitalisation event in Thailand. 5) Calculate the cost of hospital admission due to CVD from the Universal Coverage Health Care Scheme (UC) data in 2009. 6) Estimate the burden of CVD in terms of the DALYs. 7) Estimate the impact of reducingCVD risk factors in different scenarios. The study outcomes being the number of hospitalisation cost savings, number of premature death savings, DALY savings and health care cost savings. The outcomes will also account for the uncertainty analysis. As indicated above, no studies currently exist that focus specifically on the mathematic model for estimating the future situation of CVD in Thailand. Therefore, this study represents an original contribution to that knowledge. The findings of this study will contribute to health policy by providing specific new knowledge and information regarding Thai CVD risk factors and the impact of the risk reduction which will assist health policy makers in the planning and future investment in prevention programs for CVD in Thailand. Moreover, it is expected that the finding from this research will establish a CVD prediction model for Thailand, and one which may be applicable and compatible to the Asia and Pacific regions.

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Israelsson, Larsen Hanna. "Comorbidity and vascular risk factors associated with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus : the INPH-CRasH Study". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-120175.

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Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) is a dementia treatable by insertion of a cerebrospinal fluid shunt. It has been suggested that INPH has similar pathophysiological mechanisms as cerebrovascular disease, but the vascular risk factor (VRF) profile of INPH patients has not been assessed using a modern epidemiological approach. The cognitive symptoms of INPH resemble the symptoms of depression, but the prevalence of depression among INPH patients is unknown. In addition, few studies investigate the impact of shunting on the quality of life (QoL), and no study has investigated the impact of comorbidity on QoL in INPH patients. The objective of this dissertation was to present the VRF profile of INPH and to investigate the hypothesis that INPH may be a subgroup of vascular dementia. Additional objectives were to assess the prevalence of depression in INPH patients and to investigate the impact of shunting and comorbidities on QoL in INPH. In the first cohort, the prevalence of possible INPH was assessed through clinical and radiological examinations in patients with a transient ischemic attack (TIA), consecutively admitted to the same hospital during 2006-2008. In the second cohort, VRFs, vascular disease and QoL were analysed in INPH patients consecutively shunted 2008-2010 in five out of six neurosurgical centres in Sweden. Patients remaining after inclusion (n=176, within the age-span 60-85 years and not having dementia) were compared to population-based age- and gender-matched controls (n=368, same inclusion criteria as for the INPH patients). Assessed VRFs were: hypertension, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, psychosocial factors (stress and depression), smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity and, dietary pattern. Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular disease as well as QoL were also assessed. Parameters were assessed through questionnaires, clinical examinations, measurements, ECG and, blood samples. In the first cohort, 4% of the TIA patients had clinically and radiologically verified INPH. In the second cohort, VRFs were overrepresented among the INPH patients compared with the controls. The VRFs independently associated with INPH were: hyperlipidemia (Odds ratio (OR): 2.4, 95%CI: 1.4-4.0), diabetes (OR: 2.2, 95%CI: 1.2-3.9), obesity (OR: 5.4, 95%CI: 2.5-11.8) and, psychosocial factors (OR: 5.3, 95%CI: 3.2-8.9). When adding the VRFs that were overrepresented in INPH, although not independently (physical inactivity and hypertension), these six VRFs accounted for 24% of the INPH cases in the elderly population (population attributable risk %: 24). Depression was overrepresented in shunted INPH patients compared to the controls (46% vs. 13%, p<0.001) and the main predictor for low QoL was a coexisting depression (p<0.001). In conclusion, the results of the INPH-CRasH study are consistent with a vascular pathophysiological component of INPH and indicate that INPH may be subgroup of vascular dementia. In clinical care and research, a complete risk factor analysis as well as screening for depression and a measurement for quality of life should be included in the work-up of INPH patients. The effect of targeted interventions against modifiable VRFs and anti-depressant treatment in INPH patients should be evaluated.
Idiopatisk normaltryckshydrocefalus (INPH, från engelskans ”idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus”) är en neurokirurgiskt behandlingsbar demens. Behandlingen är att operera in en shunt som dränerar cerebrospinalvätska från ventriklarna. Det har föreslagits att INPH skulle kunna orsakas av liknande patofysiologiska mekanismer som vid cerebrovaskulär sjukdom, men den vaskulära riskfaktorprofilen hos INPH-patienter har aldrig undersökts i en modern epidemiologisk studie. De kognitiva symtomen vid INPH påminner om symtomen vid depression, men prevalensen av depression hos INPH-patienter är okänd. Få studier undersöker hur shuntning påverkar livskvalitet och ingen studie har undersökt hur komorbiditet påverkar livskvaliteten vid INPH. Syftet med den här avhandlingen var att undersöka den vaskulära riskfaktorprofilen hos INPH-patienter samt att utforska hypotesen att INPH skulle kunna vara en undergrupp till vaskulär demens. Ytterligare ett syfte med avhandlingen var att undersöka hur många INPH-patienter som har depression samt undersöka hur shunting och komorbiditet påverkar livskvalitet vid INPH. I den första kohorten undersöktes kliniska och radiologiska fynd som tydde på INPH hos de patienter som blivit diagnostiserade med en TIA (från engelskans: transient ischemic attack) 2006-2008 på Norrlands Universitetssjukhus i Umeå. I den andra kohorten undersöktes konsekutivt shuntade INPH-patienter 2008-2010 från fem av sex neurokirurgiska kliniker i Sverige. De patienter som inkluderades i studien (n=176, ålder: 60-85 år, ej dementa) jämfördes med köns- och åldersmatchade kontroller från normalpopulationen (n=368, samma inklusionskriterier som för INPH-patienterna). De riskfaktorer som undersöktes var: hypertension, hyperlipidemi, diabetes, fetma, psykosociala faktorer (stress och depression), rökning, alkohol, fysisk aktivitet och diet. Även kardiovaskulära och cerebrovaskulära sjukdomar undersöktes, liksom perifer vaskulär sjukdom samt livskvalitet. Datainsamling skedde genom frågeformulär, kliniska undersökningar, mätningar, EKG och blodprov. I den första kohorten hade 4% av TIA-patienterna kliniskt och radiologiskt verifierad INPH. I den andra kohorten var vaskulära riskfaktorer överrepresenterade hos INPH-patienterna jämfört med iv normalpopulationen. Hyperlipidemi (OR: 2.4, 95%CI: 1.4-4.0), diabetes (OR: 2.2, 95%CI: 1.2-3.9), fetma (OR: 5.4, 95%CI: 2.5-11.8) och psykosociala faktorer (OR: 5.3, 95%CI: 3.2-8.9) var associerade med INPH oberoende av kön, ålder och de andra riskfaktorerna. Hypertension och fysisk inaktivitet var också associerade med INPH, dock inte oberoende av övriga riskfaktorer. Sammanlagd PAR% (från engelskans: population attributable risk %) för de här sex riskfaktorerna var 24%. INPH-patienterna hade depression i högre utsträckning än kontrollerna (46% vs. 13%, p<0.001), och depression var den viktigaste prediktorn för låg livskvalitet. Resultaten tyder på att vaskulär sjukdom och vaskulära riskfaktorer är involverade i den patofysiologiska mekanismen vid INPH. INPH kan vara en undergrupp till vaskulär demens. En fullständig riskfaktoranalys och screening för depression bör ingå i den preoperativa utvärderingen såväl som i forskning på INPH-patienter, och ett mått på livskvalitet bör införas. Effekten av riktade insatser mot såväl vaskulära riskfaktorer som depression vid INPH bör utvärderas.

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16

Dynan, Kevin B. "A study of recently proposed cardiovascular risk factors in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322645.

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17

Kemp, Merlisa Claudia. "Ultrasound investigation of risk factors for extracranial vascular pathology in patients with multiple sclerosis". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/3078.

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Thesis (Doctor of Radiography (Ultrasound))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019
Introduction: Cerebral hypoperfusion and impaired cerebral venous drainage are reported to be risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS). Furthermore, lifestyle and biochemistry have significant effects on the brain and vascular system. This study investigates, with vascular ultrasound, the risk factors for extracranial vascular disease in patients with MS. Methods: Grey-scale imaging, Colour and Spectral Doppler analysis of the carotid arteries and internal jugular veins were performed on a cohort of 50 female participants (25 MS patients and 25 age-matched controls). The major neck vessels were sonographically interrogated to determine patency, carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), carotid artery cross-sectional diameters (CSD), internal jugular vein (IJV) cross-sectional area (CSA), stenosis, occlusions and abnormal blood flow patterns. Both cohorts underwent blood tests, genetic tests and a lifestyle assessment. The MS participants had a neurological assessment to determine MS disability status (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS). Results: Statistically significant associations (p-value <0.05) were found between the extracranial vascular ultrasound variables and biochemical markers (s-iron, s-transferrin, %Tf saturation, ferritin, haemoglobin, vitamin B12, s-folate, homocysteine, CRP, 25-OH vitamin D, total cholesterol, HDL and triglycerides), lifestyle factors, genetic factors (HLA DRB1*1501 allele) and MS disability in both cohorts. The carotid artery blood flow parameters were negatively associated with MS disability, whereas the cIMT was positively associated with MS disability. Physical activity was positively associated with carotid artery blood flow velocities and passive smoking was found to have a negative association in the MS cohort of participants. Passive smokers also demonstrated a larger IJV CSA in comparison to non-smokers in both cohorts. In addition, drinking 1-13 units of alcohol/week was positively associated with carotid blood flow velocities in MS participants. Conclusion: Several significant positive and negative associations between extracranial vascular ultrasound variables and genetic, lifestyle, biochemical and vascular factors as well as MS disability were demonstrated in this study. The new MS findings that unfolded in this study include significant associations between: 1) the carotid vessel diameters and biochemical and lifestyle parameters as well as the presence of the HLA DRB1*1501 allele; 2) IJV CSA in MS and biochemical and lifestyle parameters, specifically passive smoking; 3) MS disability and carotid artery blood flow velocities; and 4) carotid artery blood flow parameters and biochemical markers. Further studies are therefore needed to establish the clinical relevance of these new findings.

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18

Sigvant, Birgitta. "Epidemiological aspects of peripheral arterial disease". Stockholm : Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 2009. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2009/978-91-7409-670-5/.

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Matas, Pericas Laia. "Risc cardiovascular en pacients que consulten a urgències d’un hospital general amb un accident vascular agut". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405517.

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La malaltia cardiovascular suposa un problema de salut mundial amb gran morbimortalitat associada. L’arteriosclerosi, que la ocasiona, és una malaltia inflamatòria sistèmica en la que hi influencien diversos factors de risc cardiovasculars: edat, gènere, hipertensió arterial (HTA), dislipèmia, tabac, diabetis mellitus (DM), obesitat i malaltia renal crònica (MRC). Altres factors com la fibril·lació auricular (FA) i la malaltia vascular prèvia (MVP) hi influencien. En ocasions es produeixen canvis en la placa d’ateroma que condueixen a l’infart, sigui en territori coronari, cerebrovascular o arterial perifèric. El per què es desenvolupen en unes artèries o unes altres no és del tot conegut però els pacients tendeixen a repetir esdeveniments en el mateix territori. La hipòtesi: Els factors de risc cardiovascular influencien d’una manera diferent que un accident vascular agut es presenti en un territori arterial o en un altre (Síndrome coronària aguda (SCA), accident cerebrovascular (AVC) o malaltia arterial perifèrica crítica (MAP)). S’han descrit les característiques d’una població de 2993 pacients consecutius que han ingressat a urgències d’un hospital general per SCA, AVC o MAP durant tres anys comparant els tres motius d’ingrés. La població estudiada presenta una elevada prevalença de factors de risc clàssic, té menys dones i més edat que d’altres poblacions descrites a la literatura. Els pacients estudiats presenten: 74.2 anys (62.9;81.4), 70.7% són homes, 75.6% HTA, 59% DLP, 20.2% DLP-aterogènica, 18.4% FA, 23% MRC, >35.7% MVP, DM en un 40%, i disglicèmia en 30.3%, diagnòstic de nou d’HTA en 7%. Determinar la HbA1C és una eina fàcil d’implementar i millora la detecció de nous casos de DM en pacients que ingressen per accident vascular agut. S’han diagnosticat 7.2% de DM de nou. Hi ha marge de millora en la prevenció secundària i el grau de control tant en SCA, AVC com en MAP. Destaca el menor ús de fàrmacs antihipertensius en el grup que ingressa per AVC. Un 6.6% dels pacients són èxitus durant l’ingrés, moren més els que ingressen per MAP i menys els SCA. Els factors que predisposen a reingressar per un nou accident vascular són: presència de MVP, MRC, DM i tabac. En canvi en els >75 anys aquests factors són: MVP i DM. En la població estudiada la dislipèmia, l’obesitat l’exposició al tabac (fumadors i exfumadors) i la MRC són els factors que més pesen a l’hora de presentar un primer SCA en comptes d’AVC o MAP. L’edat avançada, la HTA i la FA són els factors que més influencien a l’hora de presentar un AVC en comptes de SCA o MAP. L’edat avançada i la DM són els factors que influencien més a l’hora de presentar una MAP en comptes d’un accident vascular agut en forma de SCA o AVC. En els pacients amb DM el pes dels altres factors de risc per a presentar un accident en un determinat territori en comptes d’un altre s’atenua, mantenint-se la HTA i FA com a factors de major pes per patir un primer AVC respecte SCA i MAP.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a global health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Atherosclerosis, the cause of CVD, is a systemic inflammatory disease that is influenced by traditional cardiovascular risk factors: age, gender, high blood pressure (HBP), dyslipidaemia (DLP), smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity and chronic kidney disease ( CKD), as Atrial fibrillation (AF) and prior vascular disease (PVD) are also contributing factors to CVD. Changes in the atherosclerotic plaque can lead to an acute vascular event in different territories: acute coronary syndrome (ACS), cerebrovascular (stroke) or peripheral arterial critical limb disease (PAD). The development of a clinical atherosclerotic event in one arterial vascular territory is not fully understood, but patients tend to repeat events in the same territory. This thesis shows that an association between cardiovascular risk factors and the probability of developing an atherosclerotic event in a particular territory can be made. The study group consists on 2993 patients that were admitted consecutively in the emergency room due to an acute vascular event, ACS, CVA or PAD during a 3 years period. Demographic data, CVR factors, previous events (PVD), previous treatments, in hospital readmission and mortality during the study period were collected from the medical record in a data base. The study also included the evaluation lipid and glycaemic control (HvA1c) and renal function by blood samples analysis. The study compared the collected data for the three events. The analysis of data shows that the population included in this study had a high prevalence of classical CV risk factors, there were less proportion of women and first events appeared in older ages than other populations described in the literature. The characteristics of the studied group were: 74.2 years old [62.9; 81.4], 70.7% men, 75.6% HBP, 59% DLP 20.2% DLP-atherogenic, 18.4% FA, 23% MRC,> 35.7% PVD DM 40%, preDM in 30.3% and 7% of patients have been diagnosed of of new onset hypertension. HbA1C helped detecting 7.2% of new onset DM, showing that HbA1c study should be included for all patients diagnosed for an accute vascular event . The study shows that the secondary prevention for the vascular events included needs to be improved. In particular, we detected a lesser use of antihypertensive drugs in the patients admitted due to a first stroke even if they represented higher proportion of HBP. In our series there was 6.6% inhospital mortality. Mortality rate tended to be higher in patients admitted by PAD than by SCA. Predisposing readmission risk factors were: presence of PVD, CKD, DM and tobacco. However in the> 75 years these factors were: PVD and DM. Factors that have a positive influence on presenting ACS instead of the other two vascular accidents were: DLP, obesity, tobacco exposure (smokers and ex-smokers) and CKD. In the cerebrovascular territory predisposing factors are: the elderly, HBP and AF. Older age and DM are factors that influence in presenting PAD instead of an ACV or ACS. In DM patients the influence of other risk factors is attenuated when having the first acute vascular event. HBP and AF mantain their influence in suffering a first stroke in population with DM.

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20

McCullagh, C. D. "An investigation of inflammatory and vascular genetic risk factors for stroke and dementia following stroke". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403191.

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21

Félix, Joana Filipa Cancela. "Influência dos factores de risco vascular no desempenho cognitivo". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/19014.

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O objetivo deste estudo consiste em verificar até que ponto os sujeitos com fatores de risco vascular acentuados apresentam alterações no seu desempenho cognitivo, na ausência de lesão vascular conhecida. Para tal, os défices apresentados por estes foram comparados com sujeitos que se encontram na fase pós-aguda do AVC (Acidente Vascular Cerebral) e sujeitos do grupo de controlo. Os défices cognitivos foram avaliados através de uma bateria de testes neuro psicológicos estandardizados, nos quais se avaliou a atenção, memória e funções executivas. Os resultados parecem confirmar a existência de um défice significativo nos sujeitos com fatores de risco em relação ao grupo de controlo, no que diz respeito à memória verbal e visual a curto-prazo e capacidade de aprendizagem. Assim, com base nos resultados podemos inferir a possibilidade de que os fatores de risco, por si só, podem causar determinado tipo de défice cognitivo. / ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to determine the extent to which individuals with vascular risk factors have pronounced changes in their cognitive performance, in the absence of known vascular injury. For this purpose, the deficits presented by these subjects were compared to those who are in the post-acute stage of the Stroke and subjects in the control group. Cognitive deficits were assessed using a battery of standardized neuro¬ psychological tests, in which it was assessed attention, memory and executive functions. The results seem to confirm the existence of a significant deficit in subjects with risk factors in relation to the control group in what regards to short-term verbal and visual memory and learning ability. Therefore, based on the results we may imply the possibility that risk factors by themselves can cause certain types of cognitive impairment.

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Al-Janabi, Omar M. "CEREBROVASCULAR RISK FACTORS, ARTERIOLAR SCLEROSIS, AND COGNITIVE DECLINE IN THE KENTUCKY APPALACHIAN “STROKE-BELT”". UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/medsci_etds/5.

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The relationship between cerebrovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and cognitive impairment or dementia has been widely studied with significant variability in findings between groups. We hypothesized that chronic small vessel injury in the form of arteriolar sclerosis, measured quantitatively using MRI to measure total white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes, would identify specific association of CVD risk factors and patterns of cognitive decline, associated with mild cognitive impairment of the cerebrovascular type, that represent the core features of vascular cognitive impairment in our cohort. A Cross-sectional analysis of clinical and quantitative MRI data on 114 subjects with normal cognitive function (n=52) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n=62) was performed. Quantitative total WMH volumes were examined in relation to potentially causative CVD risk factors and resultant test scores across cognitive domains using linear regression models adjusted for age, gender, and education. Among CVD risk factors analyzed, age (p< 0.001), education (p= 0.003), hypertension (p= 0.012), and hyperlipidemia (p= 0.008) demonstrated the strongest associations with WMH volumes. Conversely, diabetes, smoking, history of heart attacks, atrial fibrillation, and history of stroke that have shown associations with CVD pathology on imaging in other studies were not statistically associated with increased WMH in this cohort. WMH volumes were associated with decrease performance on the Trial Making Test type A & B and long delayed free recall on the California Verbal Learning Test. Our findings suggest similarities and yet differences in comparison to other studies. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia appear to represent common shared risks across geographically disparate groups. Our findings, like others, suggest CVD pathology impact processing speed and executive function and provide further evidence for CVD effects on short-term memory in those at risk for cognitive decline and the future development of dementia in our cohort.

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Florvall, Gösta, Samar Basu, Johanna Helmersson e Anders Larsson. "Microalbuminuria, blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors in elderly males". Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6151.

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Objective - To correlate blood pressure and inflammatory markers with urine albumin analysed with a point-of-care testing (POCT) instrument, nephelometric determination of albumin and creatinine related urine albumin in elderly males.

Methods and Results - The study population consisted of 103 diabetic and 603 nondiabetic males (age 77 years) in a cross-sectional study in central Sweden. We analyzed urine albumin with a HemoCue® Urine Albumin POCT instrument and a ProSpec® nephelometer and creatinine related urine albumin. There were strong correlation between both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and all three urine albumin methods (p<0.0001). There were also significant correlations between the different urine albumin measurements and SAA, hsCRP and IL-6.

Conclusions - Hypertension has a strong impact on hyperfiltration in diabetic and nondiabetic elderly males.

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Achmat, Ghaleelullah. "Coronary artery disease risk factors among fire-fighters in the Western Cape Province". University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6294.

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Magister Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science - MSRES
The work demands involved in fire-fighting place significant stress on the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of on-duty death among fire fighters and is a major cause of morbidity. This study investigated the prevalence of coronary artery disease risk factors among career fire fighters in the Western Cape.

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Mumaw, Matthew A. "The Role of Frontal Lobe White Matter Integrity and Executive Functioning in Predicting Adaptive Functioning in Alzheimer's Disease". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/102.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is characterized by a gradual deterioration of the patients’ ability to independently perform day to day activities. Researchers have discovered significant changes in neuroanatomy, cognition and behavior that are related to the disease process of AD and researchers continue to uncover new variables, such as the presence of vascular risk factors, which may further increase our ability to understand and characterize the disease. The purpose of this study is to identify the neuroanatomical, cognitive and behavioral variables that best predict impairment of instrumental activities of daily living in individuals with probable AD. Reduced white matter integrity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as well as the presence of vascular risk factors significantly predicted impairments in activities of daily living (ADLs). Executive functioning skills, typically described as frontal lobe system behaviors, were positively associated with ADLs. Further, executive functions fully mediated the relationship between frontal lobe white matter integrity and ADLs. A better understanding of the variables responsible for diminished ADLs in AD will allow researchers and clinicians to better target prevention and intervention strategies and ultimately help individuals with AD to maintain their independence for a longer duration.

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Satuè, Gracia Eva María. "Epidemiología de la enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica en mayores de 60 años del área de Tarragona: datos del estudio CAPAMIS". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667076.

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Antecedents. L'ictus és una important causa de mortalitat però també va en augment el nombre de persones que sobreviuen després de patir-lo. El seu abordatge i seguiment constitueixen una prioritat en política sanitària. Aquest estudi aporta dades rigoroses i actualitzades, incloent incidències en subgrups de població específics, del nostre territori que permetran un millor coneixement i maneig de la malaltia. Material i mètodes. Estudi de cohorts de base poblacional. Va incloure 27.204 pacients ≥ 60 anys de la comarca del tarragonès, seguits durant 36 mesos. A partir de registres de l’estació clínica atenció primària (e-cap), es van recollir variables demogràfiques, factors de risc i comorbiditats a l'inici. Es van revisar informes d'alta hospitalària amb diagnòstic d'ictus isquèmic i es van calcular taxes d'incidència (per 100.000 persones-any), globals i per subgrups de pacients, i índexs de letalitat. Mitjançant model de regressió de Cox es va estimar l'associació entre característiques basals i temps fins a primer esdeveniment. Resultats. La incidència global va ser de 435 / 100.000 persones-any. Es van associar de manera significativa i independent a major risc d'ictus isquèmic: ictus previ, fibril·lació auricular, cardiopatia isquèmica, tabaquisme actiu, diabetis i edat. L'índex de letalitat va ser de 13,1% i va augmentar amb l'edat, arribant al 21% en el grup de 80 o més anys. Discussió. La incidència i letalitat d'ictus isquèmic en el nostre territori es poden considerar mitjanes respecte a Espanya i baixes respecte al conjunt d'Europa. Cal destacar l'antecedent de malaltia arterioscleròtica (principalment ictus previ) i la fibril·lació auricular com els principals factors de risc en aquest grup d'edat.
Antecedentes. El ictus es una importante causa de mortalidad pero también va en aumento el número de personas que sobreviven tras sufrirlo. Su abordaje y seguimiento constituyen una prioridad en política sanitaria. Este estudio aporta datos rigurosos y actualizados, incluyendo incidencias en subgrupos de población específicos, de nuestro territorio que permitirán un mejor conocimiento y manejo de la enfermedad. Material y métodos. Estudio de cohortes de base poblacional. Incluyó 27.204 pacientes ≥ 60 años de la comarca del tarragonés, seguidos durante 36 meses. A partir de registros de estación clínica atención primaria (e-cap), se recogieron variables demográficas, factores de riesgo y comorbilidades al inicio. Se revisaron informes de alta hospitalaria con diagnóstico de ictus isquémico y se calcularon tasas de incidencia (por 100.000 personas-año), globales y por subgrupos de pacientes, e índices de letalidad. Mediante modelo de regresión de Cox se estimó la asociación entre características basales y tiempo hasta primer evento Resultados. La incidencia global fue de 435/100.000 personas-año. Se asociaron de manera significativa e independiente a mayor riesgo de ictus isquémico: ictus previo, fibrilación auricular, cardiopatía isquémica, tabaquismo activo, diabetes y edad. El índice de letalidad fue de 13,1% y aumentó con la edad, alcanzando el 21% en el grupo de 80 ó más años. Discusión. La incidencia y letalidad de ictus isquémico en nuestro territorio se pueden considerar medias respecto a España y bajas respecto al conjunto de Europa. Cabe destacar el antecedente de enfermedad arteriosclerótica (principalmente ictus previo) y la fibrilación auricular como los principales factores de riesgo en este grupo de edad.
Background. Stroke is an important cause of mortality and the number of stroke survivors is also increasing. Their approach and follow-up are a priority in health policy. This study provides rigorous and up-to-date data, including incidences in specific population subgroups, of our territory that will allow a better knowledge and management of the disease. Methods. Population based cohort study. It included 27,204 patients ≥ 60 years of the region of Tarragona, followed during 36 months. Demographic variables, risk factors and basal comorbidities were registered from primary care computerized clinical records (e-cap). Hospital discharge reports with ischemic stroke diagnosis were reviewed; global and by subgroups of patients incidence rates (per 100,000 persons-year) were calculated, as well as lethality rates. The association between basal characteristics and time to first event was estimated using Cox regression models. Results. The overall incidence was 435 / 100,000 persons-year. Basal conditions significantly and independently associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke were: previous stroke, atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, active smoking, diabetes and age. The case-fatality rate was 13.1% and increased with age, reaching 21% in the group of 80 or more years. Discussion. The incidence and lethality of ischemic stroke in our territory can be considered medium referred to Spain and low referred to the whole of Europe. The history of arteriosclerotic disease (especially previous stroke) and atrial fibrillation are the main risk factors in this age group.

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Silva, Magnolia Moreira da. "Associação entre fatores de risco cardiovasculares e demência vascular definitiva". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7139/tde-05112018-151715/.

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Introdução: Estudos prévios analisaram a associação entre fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRCV) associados ao diagnóstico de demência vascular (DV) provável ou possível. No entanto, não foram encontrados estudos que analisassem a associação entre FRCV e a ocorrência de DV definitiva. Dessa maneira, ainda permanece obscura a associação entre os FRCV e a ocorrência de DV definitiva, ou seja, aquela diagnosticada por meio do exame neuropatológico, no qual se apresenta como padrão ouro. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre os FRCV e a ocorrência de DV definitiva, pura e mista. Método: Por meio de um estudo transversal foram analisados 707 casos pertencentes à casuística do Banco de Encéfalos Humanos do Grupo de Estudos em Envelhecimento (BEHGEEC) da FMUSP, que respeitaram os critérios de inclusão. A existência de fatores de risco cardiovascular em vida (Hipertensão Arterial, Diabetes Mellitus, Dislipidemia, Tabagismo, Etilismo, Obesidade e Sedentarismo), reportada por um informante com convivido minimamente semanal durante a autópsia, foi associada ao diagnóstico neuropatológico de demência vascular emitido por um neuropatologista. Modelos de regressão logística (sem e com ajuste para sexo, idade e raça) foram construídos para testar a associação entre os FRCV e o diagnóstico de DV, DV pura e DV mista. Foi testada a capacidade preditiva dos fatores que se mostraram preditores de DV por meio da Curva ROC. Resultados: O sedentarismo foi um preditor independente de DV (OR 1,943; IC95% 1,198 3,151; p= 0,007) e DV pura (OR 3,148; IC95% 1,428 6,941;p= 0,004). A HAS foi um preditor independente de DV mista (OR 2,240; IC95% 1,216 4,126; p= 0.01). O sedentarismo não apresentou boa capacidade preditiva para a DV e DV Pura (AUC = 0,380 e 0,337, respectivamente), assim como a HAS para a DV Mista (AUC = 0,459). Conclusões: Dentre os FRCV o sedentarismo e a HAS foram os que se associaram a um aumento no risco de DV.
Introduction: Previous studies have analyzed the association between cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) associated with the diagnosis (probable or possible) of vascular dementia (VaD). However, there are no studies that have analyzed the association between CVRF and the occurrence of definitive VaD. The association between CVRF and the occurrence of definite VaD, neuropathologically defined and considered as gold-standard, remains obscure. Objectives: To evaluate the association between CVRF and the occurrence of definitive VaD, pure and mixed. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which evaluated 707 cases belonging to the Bain Bank of the Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group (BBBABSG) of FMUSP, respecting the inclusion criteria. The history of existence of cardiovascular risk factors in life (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcoholism, obesity, and sedentarism) reported by a knowledgeable next-of-kin, with at least weekly contact with the deceased, was associated with the neuropathological diagnosis of vascular dementia reported by a neuropathologist after the autopsy exam. Logistic regression models (with and without adjustment for sex, age and race) were tested to show the association between CVRF and the diagnosis of VaD, pure Vad and mixed VaD. It was also tested the predictive capacity of the factors that proved to be predictors of VaD through the ROC Curve. Results: Sedentary lifestyle was an independent predictor of VaD (OR 1,943, CI 95% 1,198 - 3,151, p = 0.007) and of Pure VaD (OR 3,148, 95% CI, 1.428 - 6.941, p = 0.004). Hypertension was an independent predictor of Mixed VaD (OR 2,240, 95% CI 1,216 - 4,126, p = 0.01). Sedentary lifestyle did not present good predictive capacity for VaD and Pure VaD (AUC = 0.380 and 0.337, respectively), as Hypertension for Mixed DV did not either (AUC = 0.459). Conclusions: Among the CVRF, sedentarism and hypertension were those associated with an increase VaD risk.

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Silver, Annemarie E. "Vascular endothelial expression of atherogenic and anti-atherogenic proteins in humans: Relations to cardiovascular disease risk factors". Diss., Connect to online resource, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/colorado/fullcit?p3190370.

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Zrelak, Patricia Ann. "The relationship of vitamin E to cognition, white matter hyperintensities and vascular risk factors in elderly Latinos /". For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2003.
Degree granted in Epidemiology. Dissertation completed in 2002; degree granted in 2003. Also available via the World Wide Web. (Restricted to UC campuses)

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30

Mahlman, M. (Mari). "Genetic background and antenatal risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526219530.

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Abstract Advances over the past few decades in ante- and neonatal care have led to the survival of a growing number of premature infants of extremely low gestational age. However, the occurrence of serious diseases, particularly those affecting the most immature infants, remains high. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of premature infants, is one such disease. Our current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of BPD is incomplete; consequently, there are few preventive and therapeutic options for BPD. Moreover, it is challenging to predict the risk of BPD. Previous studies of BPD in twins revealed that the heritability of BPD is quite high. However, the individual genes that predispose premature infants to BPD are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to identify and study genes associated with BPD in order to investigate its pathogenesis. An additional aim was to add to knowledge of the risk of BPD in newborn premature infants, with an emphasis on twins. A candidate gene study found no consistent association between common polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and BPD. A second candidate gene study noted an association between the gene encoding Kit ligand and BPD. A genome-wide association study found a suggestive association between a locus close to the gene encoding C-reactive protein (CRP) and BPD, and in subsequent analyses, plasma levels of CRP during the first week of life predicted BPD. Finally, a nationwide register study found that the risk of BPD was lower in twins than in singletons. The results of this study add to what is known of the genetics and pathogenesis of BPD. They also provide new data on the risk of BPD, which may be used to improve early identification of infants for whom the risk of developing BPD is high
Tiivistelmä Ennenaikaisen syntymän ja keskoslasten hoidon kehittymisen myötä yhä useammat huomattavan epäkypsinä syntyneet lapset jäävät henkiin. Samalla erityisesti juuri näitä lapsia uhkaavien sairauksien esiintyvyys on pysynyt korkeana. Bronkopulmonaalinen dysplasia (BPD, keskosen krooninen keuhkosairaus) on yksi näistä sairauksista. BPD:n molekyylitasoinen tautimekanismi on vielä osin tuntematon, eikä BPD:tä tehokkaasti estävää tai siitä parantavaa hoitoa ole. Myös BPD riskin arvioiminen vastasyntyneen keskoslapsen kohdalla on vaikeaa. BPD on huomattavan perinnöllinen tauti. BPD:lle altistavista geeneistä on kuitenkin vasta vähän tietoa. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli lisätä tietoa BPD:n tautimekanismista tutkimalla BPD:lle altistavia geenejä. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin BPD:n esiintyvyyttä ja syntymää edeltäviä riskitekijöitä erityisesti kaksosten osalta. Ehdokasgeenitutkimuksessa verisuonten endoteelikasvutekijää koodaava geeni ei assosioitunut toistuvasti BPD:hen. Kit ligandia koodaava geeni sen sijaan assosioitui. Koko genomin assosiaatiotutkimuksessa C-reaktiivista proteiinia (CRP) koodaavan geenin lähistöltä löydettiin BPD:hen mahdollisesti assosioituva alue. Lisäksi ensimmäisen viikon CRP-arvojen osoitettiin ennakoivan myöhemmin kehittyvää BPD:tä. BPD-riskin todettiin olevan matalampi kaksi- kuin yksisikiöisistä raskauksista syntyneillä lapsilla. Tutkimuksen tulokset lisäävät tietoa BPD:n perinnöllisyydestä ja sitä kautta BPD:n tautimekanismista. Tutkimus toi myös uutta tietoa BPD:n riskitekijöistä parantaen vastasyntyneen keskoslapsen BPD-riskin arviota

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Boxtel, Martinus Petrus Johannes van van. "Physical health, vascular risk factors, and age-related cognitive decline studies into physical determinants of normal cognitive aging /". Maastricht : Maastricht : Neuropsych Publishers ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1997. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5812.

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Chen, Xiaohua Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Vascular risk factors and brain structure in healthy middle-aged adults: a series of studies using high resolution MRI". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Psychiatry, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/31545.

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A number of chronic disease and behavioural factors are recognised to increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. These putative ???vascular??? risk factors have increasingly been recognised to increase the risk of cognitive impairment in the absence of clinically manifest ischemic events. Their relationship to structural brain changes has received limited attention. In this dissertation, I used high resolution magnetic resonance image (MRI) to examine two structural features of the brain, regional gray matter (GM) volumes and silent lacunar infarcts, and determined their association with vascular risk factors. I related these to cognitive function in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. The work was based on the data of three waves in two healthy cohorts drawn from the PATH Through Life Study, which is a population-based longitudinal study of ageing comprising 3 cohorts aged 20-24, 40-44, and 60-64 years, with about 2500 participants in each cohort. Random subsamples of Wave 1 of the cohort aged 60-64 years (N = 478) and Wave 2 of the 40+ cohort (aged 44-48 years) (N = 411) were examined cross-sectionally for the MRI sub-study. The MRI cohort aged 60-64 years was re-examined 4 years later in Wave 2. These studies showed that vascular risk factors are associated with lower regional GM volumes and this association varies at different ages. In adults aged 44-48 years, individual risk factors did not show a significant relationship with GM volumes, but the Framingham risk score was associated with less GM volumes in a number of brain regions, suggesting an additive effect of the risk factors. In the 60+ cohort, hypertension was independently associated with less regional GM volumes in bilateral medial frontal, right superior frontal, left superior temporal and precentral gyri. The same cohort, when examined in Wave 2, showed the negative association of hypertension with gray matter volumes to be more widespread. These associations were observed in men but not in women in either wave. Sex dimorphism was observed in the younger cohort as well, with greater GM volumes in temporal and occipital cortices, midbrain and cerebellum in men, while less GM volumes in cingulate and parietal cortices in comparison with women. Lacunar infarcts were present in 7.8 % of the 60+ cohort, and asymptomatic new lacunar lesions developed in 0.4 % per year in this group. The prevalence of lacunar infarcts was correlated with hypertension and a steeper decline in mental speed. These series of studies indicate the relationship of vascular risk factors with changes in brain structure and cognitive function in healthy middle-aged adults. It is suggested that modifying these vascular risk factors may protect the brain from silent lesions and cognitive impairment, and that intervention should begin early in life to have a major impact.

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Mamadu, Hadii M., Timir Paul, Liang Wang, Sreenivas P. Veeranki, Hemang B. Panchal, Arsham Alamian, Pooja Subedi e Mattew Budoff. "Association Between Multiple Modifiable Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension in Rural Appalachia. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology (ATVB)/Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) 2016 Scientific Sessions". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1394.

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Mateus, Sónia Matilde Fonseca. "Acidente vascular cerebral: fatores de risco, exames imagiológicos e repercussões económicas". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16842.

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Os acidentes vasculares cerebrais são a primeira causa de mortalidade em Portugal. É uma patologia com vários fatores de risco e mecanismos etiopatogénicos, cujo diagnóstico é possível através de exames complementares de diagnóstico. O diagnóstico, tratamento e reabilitação acarreta muitos custos a nível socioeconómico, sendo importante perceber quais os fatores mais frequentes, onde deve incidir a pesquisa, tratamento e também quais os exames que fornecem informação mais completa e rápida, contribuindo para a formação de um modelo de auxílio à tomada de decisão e obtenção de bons resultados no combate e resposta da doença, otimizando custos. Realizou-se um estudo retrospetivo, descritivo, correlacional com um grupo de 3209 indivíduos que realizaram triplex scan carotídeo e um segundo grupo com 1657 indivíduos sem acidente vascular cerebral. Antecedentes familiares de doenças cérebro e cardiovasculares, hipertensão arterial, tabagismo, doenças cardíacas embólicas e a dislipidémia em simultâneo com fibrilhação auricular são fatores que revelaram maior influência na probabilidade de ter acidente vascular cerebral de qualquer tipo. Os indivíduos têm maior probabilidade de morte mais jovens se tiverem acidente vascular cerebral ou fatores de risco como história de tabagismo ou diabetes mellitus. A idade é o fator com maior influência no aumento do risco de morte instantânea após evento. Ressonância magnética crâneo-encefálica e o triplex scan cervical foram os exames que apresentaram maior sensibilidade na deteção de lesão intra e extracraneana, respetivamente. Combinando técnicas de análise de decisão em contexto de incerteza e decisão multicritério, analisaram-se várias estratégias de realização do triplex scan cervical e angio ressonância levando em conta o custo e o benefício esperados. Esta análise permitiu identificar três estratégias eficientes (em ordem crescente de custos e benefícios): não realizar nenhum dos exames; realizar apenas o triplex scan cervical; realizar primeiro o triplex scan cervical e, se este for negativo, realizar a angio ressonância; Stroke: risk factors, imagiologic exams and economic repercussions. Abstract: Stroke is the first cause of mortality in Portugal. This disease has several vascular risk factors and etiopathogenic mechanisms, whose diagnosis is possible through the aid of various diagnostic exams. The diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation entails substantial social and economic costs. Therefore, it is important to understand which are the most frequent risk factors, that should be emphasized in research and treatment, and also to understand which exams provide a more complete and rapid information, contributing to the development of a decision making model so as to achieve good results in combating the disease while optimizing costs. For this we conducted a retrospective, descriptive and correlational study, with a group of 3209 subjects who underwent carotid triplex scan and a second group of 1657 subjects without stroke. Family history of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, smoking, embolic heart disease and dyslipidemia simultaneously with atrial fibrillation are factors that revealed greater influence on the probability of having stroke of any kind. Individuals with stroke or risk factors such as smoking history or diabetes mellitus are more likely to have younger death. Age was the most influential factor in risk increase of instant death after stroke. The skull-brain and cervical triplex scan were the tests that showed higher sensitivity in the detection of intra and extracreana injury, respectively. Combining decision analysis techniques in the context of uncertainty and multi-criteria decision making, we analized various strategies for implementing the cervical triplex scan and angiography resonance taking into account their cost and expected benefit. This analysis identified three efficient strategies (in order of increasing costs and benefits): not conduct any examinations; perform only the cervical triplex scan; first perform cervical triplex scan and, if this is negative, perform resonance angiography.

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van, Rooijen Marianne. "Effects of combined oral contraceptives on hemostasis and biochemical risk indicators for venous thromboembolism and atherothrombosis /". Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-089-3/.

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36

Howard, Dominic Peter James. "Extra-coronary arterial disease : incidence, projected future burden, risk factors and prevention". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6ac90d2b-b919-45d4-abfd-2128efb31bc6.

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Vascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of coronary artery disease have been extensively studied, but there are fewer data on other forms of arterial disease, including carotid, aortic, visceral, and peripheral arterial disease. Although the burden of these diseases may be increasing due to the ageing population, we lack the most basic epidemiological data on which to base clinical decisions on individual patients (short and long-term prognosis); local service provision (current incidence and projected future burden); public health / screening initiatives (age and sex-specific incidence, risk factors, and outcome); and with which to assess current levels of primary prevention (pre-morbid risk factor control). Indeed, it is this lack of data, rather than a lack of treatments that is the greatest barrier to effective prevention. I have contributed to, cleaned, and analysed data from the Oxford Vascular Study, a prospective, population-based study (n=92,728) of all acute vascular events (2002-2012), and the Oxford Plaque Study, a carotid atherosclerosis biobank of over 1000 carotid plaques, in order to study these conditions. For acute aortic disease, I aimed to assess the risk factors associated with acute abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and the population impact of the current UK AAA screening programme; and the incidence, risk factors, outcome, and projected future burden of acute aortic dissection. For acute peripheral arterial disease, I assessed the risk factors associated with premature onset and poor outcome, together with current levels of primary prevention. For symptomatic carotid artery disease, I studied the timing and benefits of surgical intervention in the current era; and went on to assess whether underlying carotid plaque morphology can be used to improve stroke risk stratification and help explain why ocular and cerebral stroke types have vast differences in future ipsilateral stroke risk. I found that compared with the current UK AAA screening strategy (one-off scan for men aged 65), screening of male smokers at 65 and all men at 75 would prevent nearly four-times as many deaths and three-times as many life-years lost with 21% fewer annual scans. I have also shown that incidence of acute aortic dissection is higher than previous estimates, a third of cases are out-of-hospital deaths, and uncontrolled hypertension is the most significant treatable risk factor for this condition. For acute peripheral arterial disease, the presence of multiple atherosclerotic risk factors are associated with premature onset, and severity of ischaemia, pre-morbid renal dysfunction, cardiac failure, and diabetes mellitus are predictive of future limb loss and survival. A significant proportion of acute peripheral events are AF-related in high risk patients who were not pre-morbidly anticoagulated despite having no contraindications and being at low risk of bleeding. Symptomatic carotid artery disease currently accounts for <10% of incident cerebrovascular events, and only 40% of these patients undergo surgical intervention. Due to improvements in medical therapy and on-going delays to intervention, little benefit is currently obtained from intervening in patients with <70% stenosis. Ipsilateral stroke risk is correlated with several carotid plaque features in a time-dependent manner, confirming the potential utility of plaque morphology in risk stratification. In addition, plaques from patients with cerebral events were significantly more unstable and inflammatory than from those with ocular events, helping explain differences in stroke risk between these groups. My findings advance the understanding of these conditions that form the backbone of modern vascular surgical practice, and I hope will improve prevention, clinical management, and outcome for patients with vascular disease.

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Everett, David. "The association between macular pigment optical density and glare recovery time with selected macular degeneration and ocular vascular perfusion risk factors". Thesis, Aston University, 2015. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/31776/.

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of severe visual impairment affecting older adults in the developed world. The pathogenesis of AMD is not fully understood. This study sought to investigate the association between macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and glare recovery time (GRT) with a selection of other confirmed and putative AMD risk factors (RF): age, gender, body mass index (BMI), calculated percentage body fat (%BF), iris colour, family history (FH) of AMD, and ocular vascular perfusion (OVP) RF: migraine, Raynaud's phenomenon (Rph) and vascular dysregulation (VDys). Interocular comparison was assessed for MPOD and GRT. The effect of ocular dominance on MPOD and GRT, and GRT repeatability was also examined. The use of GRT as a surrogate measure for MPOD was assessed. In this healthy, mixed-gender, White population no significant association was found between MPOD measured by heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP) at 0.5° eccentricity and any AMD or OVP RF assessed by this study. No significant interocular difference in MPOD was found. No significant association was found between MPOD and ocular dominance. GRT after 30-second duration bleach using the direct ophthalmoscope was significantly and positively associated with age. No significant association was found for any other AMD or OVP RF examined, after correction for age. No significant interocular difference was found. No significant association was found with ocular dominance. GRT intra-session repeatability was good and inter-session repeatability was moderate. This method of GRT was not found to be a good surrogate measure for MPOD. This study generated three new theories: the possible association between the OVP RF migraine, Rph and VDys and AMD risk, the Müller cell (Mc) / neuroglial cell hypothesis for macular pigment, and the retinal theory for Meares-Irlen syndrome (MIS) also known as Visual Stress.

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Pieri, Alexandre [UNIFESP]. "Fatores de risco cardiovasculares em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico e idade maior ou igual a 80 anos". Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2011. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9640.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-27
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Introdução: O acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (AVCi) é geralmente um evento catastrófico, particularmente em pacientes com idade maior ou igual a 80 anos. A idade avançada já é um fator de risco para AVCi e o acometimento cardiovascular é a principal causa de AVCi nessa população. A fibrilação atrial também (FA) é um importante fator de risco para AVCi, por isso os esquemas de estratificação de risco são importantes na indicação de tratamento antitrombótico e prevenção do AVCi nestes pacientes. Além disso, nível socioeconômico baixo tem sido descrito como um fator de maior risco para AVCi. Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares em pacientes com idade maior ou igual a 80 anos em uma população hospitalar com AVCi. Avaliar a relação desta doença com o nível socioeconômico em diferentes grupos etários, utilizando um novo modelo de estratificação socioeconômica. Método: Análise retrospectiva de pacientes consecutivos com diagnóstico de AVCi num serviço de saúde terciário. Nesta população, nós descrevemos a prevalência dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares e para os pacientes com FA, nos aplicamos os esquemas de estratificacao CHADS2 score e CHA2DS2-VASc score. Para avaliar a relacao entre nivel socioeconomico e AVCi, avaliamos a incidencia de AVCi em dois hospitais que atendem populacoes de diferentes niveis socioeconomicos da cidade de Sao Paulo, classificando os pacientes com uma nova ferramenta de segmentacao geografica socioeconomica. Os pacientes foram estratificados por nivel socioeconomico e idade (30 a 64 anos, 65 a 79 anos e maior ou igual a 80 anos). Nos tambem comparamos o numero de pacientes com AVCi com pacientes de um grupo controle dos mesmos hospitais, calculando a taxa de AVCi em cada hospital. O odds ratio entre as taxas de AVCi dos dois hospitais foi calculada. Resultados: Houve um predominio do sexo feminino (p<0.01) em 215 pacientes admitidos com AVCi. Considerando os pacientes com idade maior ou igual a 80 anos, 72% tinham hipertensao arterial sistemica (HAS) e a FA foi mais comum entre os mais idosos (p<0.01). Dentre os pacientes com FA, nenhum apresentou CHADS2 score de 0 e 25.5% tiveram score de 1 previamente ao AVCi. Todos os pacientes com CHADS2 score de 1 nao estavam em uso de anticoagulante oral, mas tinham CHA2DS2-VASc score . 2, apresentando indicacao para este tratamento. Trezentos e setenta e sete pacientes com AVCi e 2.297 pacientes do grupo controle foram estudados nos dois hospitais. Houve uma maior proporção de pacientes mais idosos na população de nível socioeconômico mais alto (χ2obs= 28.7, gl= 2, p-value < 0.0001). Em todas as idades, a taxa de AVCi foi significativamente mais alta nos pacientes com nível socioeconômico mais baixo quando comparado com os pacientes com nível socioeconômico mais alto, com χ2obs=21.3 (valor de p< 0.0001) para idade de 30 a 64 anos; χ2obs=39.8 (valor de p< 0.0001) para idade de 65 a 79 anos; e χ2obs=14.1 (valor de p= 0.0002) para pacientes com idade maior ou igual a 80 anos. O odds ratios entre as taxas de AVCi nos dois hospitais foi de 2.4, 3.6 e 2.7 para os grupos etários 30 a 64 anos, 65 a 79 anos e maior ou igual a 80 anos, respectivamente. Conclusão: HAS e FA são fatores de risco prevalentes e devem ser sempre considerados para tratamento em idosos. Estratificação de risco com CHA2DS2-VASc score poderia ter otimizado a indicação de anticoagulação oral em nossos pacientes. Nosso estudo mostrou que, em uma população estudada do município de São Paulo, nível socioeconômico baixo é associado a mais altas taxas de AVCi, independente da idade.
Background and Purpose – Ischemic stroke is usually a catastrophic event, mostly in the elderly. Advanced age itself is a risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular involvement is the leading cause of ischemic stroke in this age population. Atrial fibrillation is also an important risk factor for ischemic stroke and therefore risk stratification schemes are important in these patients for indicating antithrombotic therapyand prevent stroke. Low socioeconomic status is also associated with a higher risk for ischemic stroke. Objectives - To evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with age 80 or older in a hospital population with ischemic stroke and the relationship between socioeconomic status and ischemic stroke in different age groups, using a new socioeconomic stratification model. Methods – Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke admitted to a tertiary health facility. For this population, we described the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and, for the patients who had the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, we applied CHADS2 score and CHA2DS2-VASc score. For assessment of the relationship beteween socioeconomic status and ischemic stroke, we evaluated the incidence of ischemic stroke in two hospitals that serve different socioeconomic populations in Sao Paulo, with a new geographic socioeconomic segmentation tool. The patients were stratified by socioeconomic status and age (30 to 64 years, 65 to 79 years and 80 years or older). We also compared the number of ischemic stroke patients with patients from control groups from the same hospitals, to obtain the ischemic stroke rates in both hospitals. The odds ratio between ischemic stroke rates in the hospitals was calculated. Results .There was a female preponderance (p<0.01) in 215 patients admitted for ischemic stroke. Considering patients over eighty, 72% had hypertension and atrial fibrillation was more common among the oldest old (p<0.01). Among those patients who had ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation, no patient had CHADS2 score of 0 and 25.5% had score of 1. All patients with CHADS2 score of 1 were not under anticoagulation, but in retrospect, had CHA2DS2-VASc score . 2, i.e., with indication for oral anticoagulation. Three hundred and seventy-seven patients with ischemic stroke and 2,297 patients of control group were analyzed in both hospitals. There was a greater proportion of older patients in the higher socioeconomic status population (χ2obs= 28.7, df= 2, p-value < 0.0001). In all ages, the odds of ischemic stroke was significantly higher in patients with lower socioeconomic status than in those with higher status, with χ2obs=21.3 (p-value< 0.0001) for age 30 to 64 years; χ2obs=39.8 (p-value< 0.0001) for age 65 to 79 years; and χ2obs=14.1 (p-value= 0.0002) for ≥ 80 years patients. The odds ratios between ischemic stroke odds in both hospitals were 2.4, 3.6 and 2.7 for groups of ages 30 to 64 years, 65 to 79 years and 80 years or older, respectively. Conclusions – Hypertension and atrial fibrillation are prevalent risk factors and should be treated aggressively in the elderly. Risk stratification using CHA2DS2-VASc score would have optimized indication for oral anticoagulation in our patients. Our study showed that, in São Paulo, lower socioeconomic status is associated with a higher odds of ischemic stroke, independent of age.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

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Rodrigues, Sara. "Avaliação da rigidez arterial e da resistência vascular periférica em pacientes recém-diagnosticados com síndrome metabólica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-24102016-115125/.

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Além das alterações autonômicas, a síndrome metabólica (SMet) causa disfunção vascular relacionada a eventos cardiovasculares e morte. Considerando que a resistência à insulina é associada à hiperativação simpática, testamos a hipótese de que a presença da glicemia de jejum alterada (GLI) é a principal causa das alterações estruturais e funcionais em grandes e pequenos vasos, via aumento do tônus simpático nesses pacientes. Foram avaliados pacientes com SMet recém diagnosticados (ATP-III) e não medicados, divididos em: glicemia de jejum alterada >=100mg/dL (SMet+GLI, n=35; 50±1 anos) e glicemia normal < 100mg/dL (SMet-GLI, n=24, 46 ± 1). Um grupo de indivíduos saudáveis foi estudado como controle (CS, n=17, 50±1 anos). Foram medidas rigidez arterial (velocidade de onda de pulso, VOP), atividade nervosa simpática muscular (ANSM, microneurografia) fluxo sanguíneo muscular (FSM, pletismografia), pressão arterial média (PAM, oscilométrico), resistência vascular periférica (RVP=PAM/FSM) e dimetilarginina assimétrica (ADMA). SMet+GLI apresentou maior VOP que SMet-GLI e CS (8,0[7,2-8,6], 7,3[6,9-7,9] e 6,9[6,6-7,2]m/s, respectivamente, P=0,001), não havendo diferença entre SMet-GLI e CS. Além disso, SMet+GLI foi similar ao SMet-GLI mas teve maior RVP que CS (P=0,008), não havendo diferença entre SMet-GLI e CS. Adicionalmente, SMet+GLI teve maior ANSM que SMet-GLI e CS; enquanto SMet-GLI teve maior ANSM que CS (31+-1; 26+-1; 19+-1 disparos /min, P < 0,001). ADMA foi similar entre os grupos (0,62 [0,56-0,71], 0,67 [0,59-0,92] e 0,60 [0,54-1,43] umol/L). Dentre os fatores de risco da SMet, GLI foi preditor do aumento da ANSM. ANSM foi associada à VOP (R=0.39; P=0,002) e à RVP (R=0,30, P=0,034). Em conclusão, a hiperativação simpática, que está aumentada na presença da glicemia alterada, é o mecanismo básico que pode explicar, pelo menos em parte, o aumento na VOP e na RVP. GLI parece ser o principal fator de risco no prejuízo da função e estrutura vascular nos pacientes com SMet
Besides autonomic alterations, metabolic syndrome (MetS) causes vascular dysfunction related to cardiovascular events and death. Since insulin resistance is associated with sympathetic hyperactivation, we tested the hypothesis that the presence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is the main cause of structural and functional changes of large and small vessels via elevated sympathetic tonus in these patients. We evaluated never treated, newly diagnosed MetS (ATP-III) patients divided into: impaired fasting glucose >100mg/dL (MetS+IFG, n=35; 50±1 y) and normal fasting glucose <100mg/dL (MetS-IFG, n=24, 46±1 y). A healthy control group was also studied (C, n=17, 50±1 y). We measured the arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV), muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA, microneurography), forearm blood flow (FBF, plethysmography), mean blood pressure (MBP, oscillometric), peripheral vascular resistance (PVR=MBP/FBF) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). MetS+IFG had higher PWV than MetS-IFG and C (8.0[7.2-8.6], 7.3[6.9-7.9] and 6.9[6.6-7.2]m/s, respectively, P=0.001), whereas SMet-GLI was similar to CS. Moreover, MetS+IFG was similar to MetS-IFG, but had higher PVR than C (P=0.008) and SMet-GLI was similar to CS. In addition, MetS+IFG had higher MSNA than MetS-IFG and C; whereas MetS-IFG had higher MSNA than C (31 +- 1; 26+- 1; 19+-1 bursts/min, P < 0.001). ADMA were similar among groups (0.62 [0.56-0.71] vs 0.67 [0.59-0.92] and 0.60 [0.54-1.43] umol/L). Among MetS risk factors, IFG was predictor of increased MSNA. Further, MSNA was associated with PWV (R=0.39; P=0.002) and PVR (R=0.30, P=0.034). In conclusion, sympathetic hyperactivation, which is enhanced in the presence of high blood glucose, is the basic mechanism that could explain, at least in part, the increase in PWV and PVR. IFG appears to be the main risk factor in the vascular function and structure damage in MetS patients

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Brondani, Rosane. "Crises epilépticas e epilepsia após acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico com uso de terapia de reperfusão (rt-PA) ou hemicraniectomia descompressiva". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/127197.

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Base teórica: O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é a causa mais comum de novos diagnósticos de epilepsia no idoso. Embora a epilepsia pós-AVC seja um fenômeno clínico reconhecido há muito tempo, seguem muitas questões não resolvidas. Além disso, nas últimas duas décadas, o tratamento do AVC isquêmico sofreu mudanças radicais com a introdução da trombólise e da hemicraniectomia descompressiva (HD) para o tratamento do infarto maligno de artéria cerebral média (ACM). As consequências destas duas novas abordagens terapêuticas nas características da epilepsia pós-AVC ainda são pouco exploradas. Objetivo: Estudar as características e estimar fatores de risco para as crises epilépticas ou a epilepsia pós-AVC em pacientes submetidos ao tratamento agudo (Estudo 1) ou HD para infarto maligno de ACM (Estudo 2). Métodos: O estudo 1 é uma coorte de 153 pacientes submetidos a trombólise. Variáveis estudadas incluiram fatores de risco para o AVC e variáveis associadas ao AVC isquêmico agudo e trombólise. Utilizamos a análise de regressão de Cox para o estudo das variáveis que se associaram de forma independente com crises epilépticas, epilepsia pós-AVC e o desfecho do AVC. O estudo 2 é também uma coorte que retrospectivamente avaliou 36 pacientes com infarto maligno de ACM tratados com HD. Tempo, incidência e fatores de risco para crises epilépticas e desenvolvimento de epilepsia foram analisados. Resultados: Estudo 1: 74 pacientes (48,4%) eram mulheres; média de idade foi 67,2 anos (DP=13,1). Média do NIHSS na chegada foi 10,95 (DP=6,25) e 2,09 (DP=3,55) após 3 meses. Transformação hemorrágica ocorreu em 22 (14,4%) dos pacientes. Foi considerado desfecho bom classificação na escala modificada de Rankin (mRS) 0-1, sendo encontrado em 87 (56,9%) dos pacientes. Vinte e um pacientes (13,7%) tiveram crises epilépticas e 15 (9,8%) desenvolveram epilepsia após a trombólise. Crises epilépticas foram associadas de forma independente com transformação hemorrágica e desfecho não favorável (mRS ≥ 2) em três meses após o AVC. Transformação hemorrágica e mRS ≥ 2 avaliados em 3 meses, associaram-se de forma independente com epilepsia pós-AVC. Crises epilépticas surgiram como um fator de risco independente para desfecho pobre. Estudo 2. A média de seguimento dos pacientes foi de 1.086 (DP= 1.172) dias. Nove pacientes morreram antes de receberem alta hospitalar e no período de um ano, 11 pacientes haviam morrido. Quase 60% alcançaram mRS ≤ 4. Treze pacientes desenvolveram crises dentro da primeira semana após o AVC. No total, crises epilépticas ocorreram em 22 (61%) dos 36 pacientes. Dezenove pacientes (56%) dos 34, sobreviveram ao período agudo e desenvolveram epilepsia após infarto da ACM e HD. Questionamos aos pacientes ou responsáveis se eles se arrependeram de terem autorizado a HD no momento do AVC. Também foi perguntado se eles autorizariam a HD novamente. Trinta e dois (89%) não se arrependeram de ter autorizado a HD no momento do infarto agudo da ACM, e autorizaria novamente em retrospecto. Conclusão: Confirmamos que as frequências de crises ou epilepsia pós-AVC e trombolítico são comparáveis com as frequências das décadas da era pré-trombólise e confirmamos a alta incidência de crises epilépticas e epilepsia após infartos malignos de ACM submetidos a HD. Em nosso estudo, as crises epilépticas associaram-se de forma independente com pior prognóstico após terapia trombolítica.
Background: The most common cause of newly diagnosed epilepsies in the elderly is stroke. Although post-stroke epilepsy is a well-studied stroke complication, many questions remain unsolved. In addition, during the past two decades, the treatment of stroke has changed dramatically with the introduction of thrombolysis for treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) for malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MCA). The consequences of these two new therapeutic approaches for characteristics of post-stroke epilepsy remains poorly explored. Objective: To study characteristics and estimate risk factors for acute seizures or post-stroke epilepsy in patients submitted to thrombolysis for treatment of acute stroke (Study 1) or DHC for malignant MCA infarction. Methods: Study 1 is a cohort study of 153 patients submitted to thrombolysis. Variables studied included risk factors for stroke, and variables related to acute stroke and thrombolysis. Variables independently associated with seizures, pos-stroke epilepsy or stroke outcome were defined using Cox regression analysis. Study 2 is also a cohort study that retrospectively assessed 36 patients with malignant stroke of the MCA submitted to DHC. Timing, incidence and plausible risk factors for seizure and epilepsy development were analyzed in these patients. Results: Study 1. Seventy-four patients (48.4%) were female; mean age of patients was 67.2 years-old (SD=13.1). Initial NIHSS mean score was 10.95 (SD=6.25) and 2.09 (SD=3.55) after three months. Hemorrhagic transformation occurred in 22 (14.4%) patients. A good outcome, as defined by a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0-1, was observed in 87 (56.9%) patients. Twenty one (13.7%) patients had seizures and 15 (9.8%) patients developed epilepsy after thrombolysis. Seizures were independently associated with hemorrhagic transformation and with mRS ≥ 2 three months after stroke. Hemorrhagic transformation and unfavorable outcome, as measured by mRS ≥ 2 after three months, were variables independently associated with post-stroke epilepsy. Seizures emerged as an independent factor for poor outcome in stroke thrombolysis. Study 2. Mean patient follow-up time was of 1.086 (SD=1.172) days. Nine patients died before being discharged and after one year eleven patients died. Almost 60% had the modified Rankin score ≤ 4. Thirteen patients developed seizures within the first week after stroke. In total, seizures occurred in 22 (61%) of 36 patients. Nineteen patients (56%) out of 34 patients who survived the acute period developed epilepsy after MCA infarcts and DHC. Also, we asked patients or the person responsible for them whether they regretted, in retrospect, having authorized DHC at the time of the stroke. It was also asked whether they would authorize DHC again. Thirty- two (89%) did not regret having authorized DHC at the time of acute MCA infarct, and would authorize DHC again in retrospect. Conclusion: We confirm that seizures or post-stroke epilepsy rates after thrombolysis are comparable with rates from pre-thrombolysis decades and a high incidence of seizures and epilepsy after malignant MCA infarcts submitted to DHC. In our study, seizures were an independent risk factor associated with worst outcome after thrombolysis therapy.

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Johansson, Mimmi, e Charlott Ekholm. "Postoperativa sårinfektioner efter kärlkirurgiska ingrepp med inguinal inscision". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-200804.

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Syftet för denna studie var att studera förekomsten av postoperativa sårinfektioner hos patienter som genomgått kärloperation med inguinal incision under åren 2008 till och med mars månad 2013. Undersöka skillnader gällande riskfaktorer inom studerad patientgrupp för förekomst av postoperativ sårinfektion samt studera om patienter som utfört endovaskulär metod under samma vårdtillfälle oftare drabbades av postoperativ sårinfektion än de patienter som inte genomgått endovaskulär metod under samma vårdtillfälle. Metoden som användes var granskning av patientjournaler efter utifrån studien utvalda specifika operationskoder. Granskningen av de 54 patientjournalerna skedde med hjälp av egenmodifierad tidigare använd granskningsmall. Studieresultatet visar att förekomsten av postoperativa sårinfektioner hos den studerade patientgruppen uppgår till 22,2 %. Skillnader mellan infektion och utförd endovaskulär metod kunde ses men inte påvisas med statistisk signifikans. Studien visade också att kvinnor oftare än män drabbas av postoperativ sårinfektion. Slutsatsen är att ungefär var femte patient i studien, som genomgått denna typ av kirurgi, ådrog sig en postoperativ sårinfektion och att många av dessa ledde till en kostsam postoperativ sårbehandling med Vacuum assisted closure, (VAC).
The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of postoperative wound infections in patients undergoing vascular surgery with inguinal incision in the years 2008 until March 2013. Examining differences in the risk factors in the studied group of patients occurrence of postoperative wound infection and to study whether patients who performed endovascular method during the same hospitalization more often suffered postoperative wound infection than patients who did not undergo endovascular method during the same hospitalization. The method used was the examination of patient records for the study, based on selected specific audit template. Study results show that the incidence of postoperative wound infections in the studied patient population amounts to 22,2 %. Differences between infection and performed endovascular method could be seen but not detected with statistical significance. The study also showed that women more often than men suffer from postoperative wound infection. The conclusion is that approximately one in five patients in the study who have undergone this type of surgery, suffered a postoperative wound infection and that many of these led to a costly postoperative wound Vacuum Assisted Closure (VAC).

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42

Harbaoui, Brahim. "Rigidité Vasculaire en cardiologie interventionnelle". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1265/document.

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Le vieillissement vasculaire est un phénomène inéluctable. Il s'accompagne de modifications structurelles et fonctionnelles du système cardio-vasculaire constituant la rigidité vasculaire. Ce processus dégénératif affecte essentiellement la matrice extra cellulaire des artères élastiques. La perte de l'élasticité du système vasculaire va impacter la fonction ventriculaire gauche et la perfusion cardiaque, rénale et cérébrale par des mécanismes différents. La rigidité vasculaire est un puissant marqueur de risque cardio-vasculaire. Cette notion est peu répandue dans le domaine de la cardiologie interventionnelle alors qu'elle pourrait avoir des implications pronostiques et thérapeutiques importantes. Nous nous sommes intéressés à deux domaines de la cardiologie interventionnelle, pour lesquels la rigidité vasculaire pourrait ouvrir de nouvelles voies de recherche, la maladie coronaire et le traitement interventionnel du rétrécissement aortique. Concernant la maladie coronaire il existe un besoin de mieux comprendre la physiopathologie de la microcirculation et de l'ischémie myocardique. La survenue des accidents coronaires aigus reste également incomplètement comprise. Nous avons abordé la problématique par une approche épidémiologique en étudiant l'impact pronostique de la rigidité vasculaire sur la mortalité liée aux coronaropathies dans une cohorte de 1034 patients hypertendus avec 30 années de suivi. La rigidité vasculaire a été appréciée par la pression pulsée et un score d'athérosclérose de l'aorte abdominale. Un lien très fort a été mis en évidence entre la rigidité vasculaire et la survenue d'infarctus du myocarde. Nous avons ensuite développé un moyen d'étudier la rigidité vasculaire localement au niveau des artères coronaires. Nous avons mis au point une technique de mesure de la vitesse de l'onde de pouls coronaire. Cette technique repose sur l'utilisation d'un guide de pression ntra-coronaire et un algorithme breveté du traitement de signal. Nous sommes parvenus à mesurer une vitesse de l'onde de pouls sur 71 artères coronaires chez 49 patients. Nous avons observé une vitesse de l'onde de pouls plus lente témoignant d'artères plus compliantes chez les patients présentant un infarctus du myocarde en comparaison aux patients présentant un angor stable. Nous avons également constaté une augmentation de la vitesse de l'onde de pouls après implantation d'un stent endocoronaire témoignant d'une rigidification attendue de l'artère coronaire. Ces travaux pourraient ouvrir une nouvelle voie de recherche dans la compréhension de l'ischémie myocardique et de la survenue de l'accident coronaire aigu à savoir l'interaction rigidité vasculaire globale et rigidité locale coronaire. Concernant le traitement interventionnel du rétrécissement aortique, de nouveaux facteurs prédictifs du bénéfice de l'intervention sont nécessaires chez des patients souvent âgés et fragiles. Nous nous sommes intéressés à l'étude du volume de calcifications de l'aorte, reflet de la rigidité vasculaire. Ce paramètre a été mesuré par scanner chez des patients traités par remplacement valvulaire aortique par voie percutanée appelé TAVI pour transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Nous avons d'abord montré que le volume de calcifications de l'aorte ascendante était un puissant marqueur de risque indépendant de mortalité cardiaque et d'insuffisance cardiaque sur une série de 127 patients consécutifs traités par TAVI, avec un suivi médian de 907 jours. Ce travail a ensuite été complété en étudiant le volume de calcifications de l'aorte totale sur une série de 164 patients. Le volume de calcifications de l'aorte complète était prédicteur de mortalité totale et cardiaque. De plus, chaque segment d'aorte pris séparément (aorte ascendante, descendante et abdominale) prédisait la mortalité cardiaque. Enfin, seul le volume de calcifications du segment ascendant était prédicteur d'insuffisance cardiaque [etc…]
Vascular aging is an inevitable phenomenon. It is accompanied by structural and functional modifications of the cardiovascular system mainly referred to as vascular stiffening. This degenerative process essentially affects the extracellular matrix of the elastic arteries. The loss of elasticity of the vascular tree affects left ventricular function as well as cardiac, renal and cerebral perfusions involving different mechanisms. Vascular stiffness is a powerful risk marker of cardiovascular disease. However, most interventional cardiologists are not familiar with this concept while it may have both important prognostic and therapeutic implications. We tackled two areas of interventional cardiology, where vascular stiffness may open new fields of research; coronary artery disease and interventional treatment of aortic stenosis namely, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). With regards to coronary artery disease there is a need to better understand the pathophysiology of microcirculation and myocardial ischemia. Moreover, the occurrence of acute coronary events is also incompletely understood. Our first approach was epidemiological. We studied the prognostic impact of vascular stiffness on coronary artery disease mortality in a cohort of 1034 hypertensive patients after 30 years of follow-up. Vascular stiffness was assessed both by pulse pressure and by a score related to atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta. A strong link was found between vascular stiffness and the occurrence of myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease related deaths. We then developed a way to study the local vascular stiffness at coronary artery level by measuring coronary pulse wave velocity. This technique relies on the use of an intracoronary pressure wire and a patented signal processing algorithm. We measured a coronary pulse wave velocity on 71 coronary arteries in 49 patients. Interestingly, patients with acute coronary syndromes had a lower coronary pulse wave velocity (which means more compliant arteries) when compared to patients with stable coronary artery disease. After an endocoronary stent implantation we noticed an increase of coronary pulse wave velocity in line with an expected stiffening. This work opens a new avenue of research regarding coronary perfusion physiology and plaque complications by studying the interaction of regional vascular stiffness and local coronary stiffness. Regarding TAVI, a procedure that often concerns elderly and frail patients, new factors predicting the benefit of the intervention are needed. We studied aortic calcifications as a surrogate of vascular stiffness. This parameter was measured by CT scan before TAVI. We first showed in 127 consecutive patients with a median follow-up of 907 days that ascending aorta calcifications were a powerful risk marker of cardiac mortality and heart failure after TAVI. This study was then completed by studying the volume of the whole aorta in 164 patients. The volume of calcifications of the whole aorta was a predictor of both all-cause and cardiac mortality. In addition, each segment of aorta taken separately (ascending, descending and abdominal aorta) predicted cardiac mortality. Finally, only ascending aorta calcifications predicted heart failure. These results support the hypothesis that ascending aorta calcifications are a marker of vascular stiffness and contribute to the left ventricular afterload. Moreover the volume of the whole aorta could mirror the global atherosclerosis burden of the patient. This easily measurable parameter could thus represent a new risk stratification tool in patients treated with TAVI. This work on vascular stiffness opens a new field of research in several areas of interventional cardiology. Regarding coronary artery disease, coronary pulse wave velocity could represent a way to better understand coronary perfusion, microcirculation, ischemia and the occurrence of coronary plaque rupture [etc...]

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Guehi, Calixte Haba Hebane. "Facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire chez les patients avant et après initiation des antirétroviraux en Afrique Sub-Saharienne, expérience de l’Essai Temprano ANRS 12 136". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0324/document.

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Les initiatives internationales pour l’accès au traitement antirétroviral (ARV) ont permis une réduction de la morbi-mortalité liée au VIH. Parallèlement, il existe croissance des risques cardio vasculaire (FRCV) dans les pays en développement, témoin d’une transition épidémiologique. Notre objectif était d’évaluer l’importance des FRCV avant et après mise sous antirétroviraux chez des personnes infectées par le VIH en Afrique. L’essai Temprano avait pour objectif d’évaluer les bénéfices et risque du traitement antirétroviral précoce et d’une chimio prophylaxie par 6 mois d’isoniazide (IPT) après 30 mois de suivi. Cette étude a conclu à l’efficacité des 2 interventions sur la réduction de la morbidité sévère, conduisant l’OMS, dès 2015, à recommander les ARV dès que les CD4 sont inférieurs à 500 CD4/mm3. Dans ce travail, nous avons évalué la prévalence des FRCV, et en particulier l’importance de l’obésité et du surpoids, à l’inclusion puis après 24 mois d’ARV. Nous avons ensuite calculé le score de risque cardio vasculaire selon l’équation de Framingham, avec et sans lipides à l’inclusion et à la fin du suivi. Il existait(i) une bonne corrélation des 2 équations (ii) une augmentation plus marquée du risque cardiovasculaire chez les femmes et (iii) une absence de différence de l’augmentation du risque selon les stratégies thérapeutiques. Enfin, dans le suivi long terme de Temprano nous montrons une efficacité de l’IPT sur la réduction de la mortalité, ce qui apporte un espoir dans un contexte où, malgré la transition épidémiologique en cours, les causes de mortalité sont toujours dominées par la Tuberculose en Afrique sub-saharienne
The international initiatives for promoting access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) have reduced HIV- related morbidity and mortality. Meanwhile, there are growing cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in developing countries, which are witnessing an epidemiological transition. Our objective was to assess the significance of CVRF before and after initiating antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected people in Africa. Temprano trial aimed to assess the benefits and risks of early antiretroviral therapy and 6-month isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) after 30-month follow-up. This study concluded that both interventions are effective to reduce severe morbidity, what led WHO, in 2015, to recommend starting ART immediately if CD4 count drop below 500 cells / mm3. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of CVRF and the significance of obesity and overweight at baseline and after 24 months of ART in particular. We then assess the cardiovascular risk score according to the Framingham equation, with and without lipids, at baseline and at the end of follow-up. There were: (i) a positive correlation between the 2 equations (ii) a sharper increase in cardiovascular risks among women and (iii) no difference in the risk increase according to treatment strategies. Finally, in the long-term follow-up of Temprano trial, we are showing the efficacy of IPT on the reduction of mortality, which brings hope in a context where, despite the on-going epidemiological transition, the causes of deaths are still dominated by Tuberculosis in sub- Saharan Africa

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44

DeAraugo, Jodi. "The effect of website, face-to-face, and combined programs on physiological, psychological, and lifestyle risk variables for cardio-vascular disease". Thesis, University of Ballarat, 2005. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/43348.

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Although a multitude of preventative programs have been utilised worldwide to modify cardiovascular risk factors, none have included internet based interventions. Study 1 aimed to compare internet based (n = 21), face-to-face (n = 27), and combined (n = 21) treatment groups with a naturally occurring control group (n = 24) on physiological, psychological, and lifestyle risk variables for cardiovascular disease across 6-months, and to determine if there were relationships between changes in the psychological and physiological variables over time. Results indicated that the internet based group had significantly greater social reciprocity than the face-to-face group. Significant time effects were noted for heart rate, stress, depression, anxiety, reciprocity, anger expression-out, anger expression-in, anger control-out, and anger control-in. Results also demonstrated that increases in reciprocity and anxiety, and decreases in anger expression-out, were related to increases in heart rate. "In contrast, less anger suppression was a significant predictor of greater systolic blood pressure. However, there were no significant results for group, time, or predictive value for the other psychological, physiological, and lifestyle risk variables. A follow-up study examined the effects of unstructured (n = 13) and highly structured (n =14) internet based programs on physiological, psychological, and lifestyle risk variables for coronary heart disease over 6-months. It also investigated if there were relationships between changes in the psychological and physiological variables over time. Participants stages of change were assessed in relation to psychological and lifestyle risk variables. Results showed that the unstructured group scored significantly higher on anger-expression-out than the highly structured group and that the unstructured groups alcohol usage significantly reduced over time. The remaining psychological, physiological and lifestyle risk variables did not produce significant group, time, or predictive changes. The stage of change results indicated no significant group or time effects. Results indicated that greater angry reaction scores were predictive of higher heart rate and increased stress scores were predictive of higher diastolic blood pressure. The critical psychological variables predictive of poorer cardiovascular functioning should be targeted in future interventions.
Doctor of Psychology (Clinical)

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45

Ianotto, Jean-Christophe. "Néoplasies myéloprolifératives et thromboses : épidémiologie et identification des facteurs de risque". Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0017.

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Les néoplasies myéloprolifératives (NMP) sont des hémopathies myéloïdes clonales, chroniques et prolifératives. Les plus fréquentes sont la polyglobulie de Vaquez et la thrombocytémie essentielle. Elles s’accompagnent de risques importants de thrombose (artérielles et veineuses) et de transformation en pathologies plus agressives (myélofibrose secondaire et leucémie aigüe). Les thromboses peuvent être la situation diagnostique de ces maladies, ou survenir au cours de la prise en charge. Le sujet de cette thèse est d’étudier la relation clinique entre NMP et thrombose. Dans un contexte de survenue de thrombose veineuse idiopathique, sans antécédent NMP, nous nous sommes intéressés à la recherche de mutation clonale chez les patients comme moyen diagnostique d’une NMP. Nous avons ainsi exploité la cohorte EDITH du CIC en prenant les patients ayant expérimentés un puis une récurrence thrombotique. A l’inverse, nous avons constitué une base de données (OBENE) des patients pris en charge pour une NMP au CHRU de Brest.Nous avons ensuite exploité cette base, en analysant la fréquence et l’impact des arythmies cardiaques auriculaires, la balance bénéfice-risque à l’utilisation des NACO, l’impact des statines sur la réduction du risque de thrombose ainsi que la fréquence et l’impact de la nonadhérence aux traitements dans les PV et TE.NMP et thromboses sont liées, il est donc nécessaire d’approfondir les connaissances de leur physiopathologie spécifique pour améliorer la prévention et le traitement des épisodes. Cette thèse amène quelques réponses àcertaines questions mais elle est surtout le point de départ de réflexion commune entre les praticiens et biologistes intéressés par ces domaines
The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal myeloid, chronic and proliferative disorders. The most frequent are polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. The more frequent complications are thromboses (arterial and venous) and phenotypic evolutions (secondary myelofibrosis and acute leukemia). Thromboses can be a situation of diagnosis or observed during the followup of a MPN. This thesis is focused on the clinical link between MPN and thromboses.In a context of idiopathic venous thromboses (first event or recurrence), without medical history of MPN, we have tested patients for the most frequent MPN clonal mutations. So, we have used the informations and patients of the dedicated EDITH cohort.On the other hand, we have constituted a MPN database (OBENE) of the patients diagnosed for MPN in our Hospitalcentre. By this way, we have analysed the frequency and impact of atrial arrhythmias, the benefit-risk balance of the use of DOAC, the impact of statins to reduce the thrombotic risk and the frequency and impact of the treatment nonadherence in this population.MPN and thromboses are linked, so it is necessary to increase our knowledge of their physiopathology to improve prevention and treatment of the events. This thesis brings some answers to some questions but, she is almost the starting point of common reflexion between clinicians and biologists interested in these domains

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Alves, Cabratosa Lia. "Factors associats a la incidència de fibril·lació auricular i estudi de l'associació del tractament amb estatines amb la incidència d'aquesta arítmia en població hipertensa sense antecedents de malaltia isquèmica vascular". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666808.

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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice and implies a huge social, medical, and economical burden. Analyses of AF risk factors in certain groups of population would allow tailored preventative recommendations. We sought to analyse a) AF risk factors in hypertensive patients; b) the association of diabetes with AF; c) effectiveness of statin treatment initiation to prevent AF. Three retrospective cohorts were designed using the Information System for Research Development in Primary Care. Risk factors of AF were fitted into a prediction model built with variables commonly used in primary care. Diabetes presented a modest association with AF. The net benefit from the use of statines could be considered in the highest risk group examined, in which the association of statins with AF incidence was at the limit of statistical significance
La fibril·lació auricular (FA) és l’arítmia més freqüent en la pràctica clínica i representa una important càrrega mèdica, social i económica. L’anàlisi del risc de FA en certs grups poblacionals permetria individualitzar les recomanacions preventives segons les característiques de cada pacient. Ens vam proposar d’analitzar els factors de risc de FA en pacients hipertensos; l'associació de la diabetes amb la FA; i l'efectivitat del tractament amb estatines en la prevenció de FA. Es dissenyaren tres cohorts retrospectives amb les dades del Sistema d’Informació pel Desenvolupament de la Investigació a l’Atenció Primària. Els factors de risc de FA s’integrarenen un model de predicció composat de variables d’ús habitual a l’atenció primària. La diabetis presentà una associació modesta amb la FA. En el grup de més alt risc es podria considerar el benefici net del tractament amb estatines, ja que l’associació d’aquest amb la FA quedà al límit de la significació estadística

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Weech, Michelle. "The substitution of dietary saturated fatty acids with monounsaturated and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on measures of vascular function and risk factors of cardiovascular disease". Thesis, University of Reading, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.657609.

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A systematic review of the evidence indicated that vascular function, a critical early modifiable event in cardiovascular disease (CVD) development, can be modulated by dietary fat composition. Saturated fat (SF A) was deleterious, with limited evidence of benefit for monounsaturated (MUFA) or n-6 polyunsaturated fat (n-6 PUFA). Studies were difficult to compare, due in part to the varying methods of vascular function determination, and on analysis, it was confirmed that these methods were not interchangeable (except pulse wave velocity and stiffness index). It was hypothesised that substituting SFA with MUFA or n-6 PUFA would improve vascular function and traditional CVD risk markers, with differential responses dependent on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) genotype. A large parallel, randomised, controlled intervention was conducted in adults with mild risk of CVD (n=195). Using a novel food exchange model, three 16-wk isoenergetic diets (SFA-, MUFA- and n-6 PUFA rich) were implemented in free-living individuals. Target intakes were broadly met (assessed using 4-day diet records (P <0.001) and plasma phospholipid fatty acids (P <0.001 for total SFA and MUFA» , without weight change. Replacement of SFA with MUFA or n-6 PUFA did not influence vascular function, although SFA deteriorated macro- and microvascular endothelial function (P <0.05), but improved the lipid profile (P = 0.001) and CVD risk score (P = 0.003). Replacement with MUFA attenuated the SF A-induced increase in night blood pressure (P <0.05) and reduced circulating ESelectin (P = 0.025). NOS3 genotype influenced responses to the dietary manipulation differentially in males and females. Genotype*diet interactions (P <0.05) were identified for reflection index (measuring vascular tone) and triacylglycerol in females, and non-esterified fatty acids in males. In conclusion, replacing SF A with MUF A and n- 6 PUFA significantly reduces CVD risk, although the optimal replacement appears dependent on NOS3 genotype and gender, providing an effective public health strategy for reducing cardiovascular risk in a population with mild risk of CVD.

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Franco, Elen Caroline. "Epidemiologia dos fatores de risco para o acidente vascular cerebral em população assistida por Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de Bauru, SP". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25144/tde-07112016-102020/.

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Objetivou-se identificar os fatores de risco para o Acidente Vascular Cerebral em indivíduos adultos ou idosos assistidos por núcleos de saúde do município de Bauru-SP. Trata-se de um estudo observacional de investigação transversal dos fatores de risco para o acidente vascular cerebral, realizado com 536 indivíduos que nunca tiveram esse acometimento neurológico e que possuíam idade igual ou superior a 40 anos. Foi realizada entrevista individual para investigação dos fatores de risco e classificação socioeconômica. Na análise dos dados foi aplicado o teste qui-quadrado e realizada a regressão logística múltipla (p<0,05). Houve predominância do sexo feminino (64,6%) e da faixa etária até 59 anos (56,9%). 47,0% se declararam brancos, 69,8% tinham de 1 a 8 anos de estudo, 78,2% pertenciam à classe socioeconômica baixa superior e 50,4% passaram por atendimento médico no último mês. 99,1% possuíam algum fator de risco. O excesso de peso e a inatividade física mostraram-se fatores predominantes (59,9%), seguido por hipertensão arterial (56,2%), histórico familiar (40,7%), dislipidemia (27,8%), diabetes mellitus (24,6%), uso de tabaco (18,7%), episódio anterior de Acidente Isquêmico Transitório (7,8%) e consumo excessivo de álcool (2,3%). A distribuição dos fatores de risco apresentou influência do sexo, grupo etário, grau de instrução, núcleo de saúde e período decorrente desde a última consulta médica, entretanto essa influência não ocorreu de forma homogênea. Para excesso de peso, indivíduos entre 40 e 59 anos tiveram 2.77 vezes mais chances do que indivíduos com mais de 60 anos e pertencer ao núcleo A aumentou 2.50 vezes as chances do que frequentar o núcleo D. Para inatividade física, indivíduos entre 40 e 59 anos apresentaram 1.51 vezes mais chances quando comparados àqueles com mais de 60 anos. Hipertensão arterial apresentou 2.49 vezes mais chances de ocorrer naqueles com mais de 60 anos e nos que foram ao médico há menos de um ano (2.85 vezes mais chances). Em relação ao histórico familiar pertencer ao sexo feminino aumentou em 1.63 vezes as chances. Quanto à dislipidemia, o sexo feminino mostrou 1.93 vezes mais chances, assim como os indivíduos com idade acima de 60 anos (1.68 vezes mais chances) e aqueles que foram ao médico há menos de um ano (2.43 vezes mais chances). A diabete mellitus teve 2.09 vezes mais chances de ocorrer em sujeitos com mais de 60 anos, assim como naqueles que foram ao médico há menos de um ano (2.50 vezes mais chances). Para uso de tabaco, homens tiveram 1.96 vezes mais chances, além disso, pertencer ao núcleo A aumentou 2.27 vezes as chances quando comparados ao núcleo C e aqueles que foram ao médico há mais um ano apresentaram cerca de 2.07 vezes mais chances de serem usuários de tabaco. O episódio anterior de acidente isquêmico transitório teve 2.29 vezes mais chances de ocorrer em indivíduos com mais de 60 anos. Para consumo excessivo de álcool, os homens apresentaram 25.0 vezes mais chances. Concluiu-se que 99,1% dos sujeitos apresentaram algum fator de risco, sendo o excesso de peso, inatividade física e hipertensão arterial os prevalentes.
This study aimed to identify risk factors for stroke in adults or elderly assisted by health centers in the city of Bauru-SP. This is an observational study of transversal investigation of risk factors for stroke, conducted with 536 individuals who have never had this neurological involvement and had aged 40 years. Individual interview was conducted to investigate the risk factors and socioeconomic classification. In the data analysis we applied the chi-square test and performed multiple logistic regression (p<0.05). Patients were predominantly female (64.6%) and the age group up to 59 years (56.9%). 47.0% reported they are white, 69.8% had 1 to 8 years of schooling, 78.2% belonged to the upper low socioeconomic class and 50.4% have undergone medical care in the last month. 99.1% had some risk factor. Excess weight and physical inactivity proved predominant factors (59.9%), followed by hypertension (56.2%), family history (40.7%), dyslipidemia (27.8%), diabetes mellitus (24.6%), tobacco use (18.7%), previous episode Transient Ischemic Attack (7.8%) and excessive alcohol consumption (2.3%). The distribution of risk factors presented influence of gender, age group, education level, health centers and period from since the last medical visit, however this influence does not occur homogeneously. To \"overweight\" individuals between 40 and 59 years were 2.77 times more likely than those over 60 years old and belong to the health center A increased 2.50 times the chances to attend the health center D. For \"physical inactivity\", individuals between 40 and 59 years had 1.51 times more likely than those with more than 60 years. \"Hypertension\" presented 2.49 times more likely to occur in those over 60 years and have been to the doctor for less than one year (2.85 times more likely). Regarding the \"family history\" being female increased by 1.63 times the odds. As for \"dyslipidemia\", the female showed 1.93 times more likely, as well as persons aged over 60 years (1.68 times more likely) and those who have been to the doctor for less than one year (2.43 times more likely). The \"diabetes mellitus\" had 2.09 times more likely to occur in individuals over 60 years as well as those who went to the doctor for less than one year (2.50 times more likely). For \"tobacco use\", men were 1.96 times more likely, moreover, belongs to the health center A increased 2.27 times the odds when compared to the health center C and those who went to the doctor for another year showed about 2.07 times more likely to be tobacco users. The \"previous episode of Transient Ischemic Attack\" had 2.29 times more likely to occur in individuals over 60 years. To \"excessive alcohol consumption\", men were 25.0 times more likely. It was concluded that 99.1% of the subjects had any risk factor, being overweight, physical inactivity and hypertension prevalent.

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Bruscato, Neide Maria. "Calcificação coronária e sua associação com fatores de risco cardiovascular e hábitos dietéticos em homens assintomáticos vivendo em comunidade". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/157678.

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Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) são a principal causa de morte no mundo, sendo a doença arterial coronária (DAC) a mais comum das DCV, juntamente com acidente vascular cerebral. O cálcio das artérias coronárias é um marcador da DAC subclínica (assintomática) e é preditivo de eventos coronários futuros. Vários fatores de risco cardiovascular contribuem para o desenvolvimento da calcificação da artéria coronária (CAC). Adicionalmente, os fatores dietéticos podem influenciar no processo de aterosclerose e CAC. Objetivo: Avaliar a CAC e sua associação com fatores de risco cardiovascular e ingestão dietética em homens assintomáticos vivendo em comunidade. Métodos: Estudo transversal. A amostra consistiu de 150 homens assintomáticos com idades entre 50 e 70 anos (idade média 58,2 ± 5,3 anos), que foram submetidos à tomografia computadorizada multidetectores (TCMD). A aterosclerose subclínica foi avaliada pela CAC de acordo com o método de Agatston, sendo os escores de cálcio classificados como ≤10 (sem evidência e CAC mínima) e >10 (CAC moderada e aumentada). A ingestão dietética foi avaliada através do Registro de Consumo Alimentar (RCA). O modelo multivariado de Regressão de Modified Poisson foi utilizado para avaliar os fatores de risco cardiovascular independentemente associados com a CAC moderada/aumentada, sendo estimados os efeitos do consumo de diversos nutrientes na prevalência de CAC moderada/aumentada ajustado para ingestão calórica e fatores de risco para CAC, através da razão de prevalências e intervalo de 95% de confiança. Resultados: A presença de CAC (escore de cálcio >0) foi identificada em 59,3% dos participantes. Na análise multivariada, os fatores independentemente associados com a CAC moderada/aumentada foram a história familiar (HF) de DAC prematura (RP=1,39; IC95% 1,03-1,88, p=0,029) e a atividade física (AF) <150 minutos/semana (RP=1,40; IC95% 1,01-1,93; p=0,045). O consumo de alguns nutrientes, também, mostrou-se associado à CAC moderada/aumentada, como o menor consumo de carboidratos (p=0,021) e o maior consumo de lipídeos (p=0,006), após o ajuste do modelo para a quantidade de calorias. Com a inclusão no modelo dos fatores de risco cardiovascular e escolaridade, os nutrientes associados à prevalência da CAC moderada/aumentada foram: carboidratos percentual (RP=0,98; IC95% 0,96-0,99; p=0,040), lipídeos percentual (RP=1,04; IC95% 1,01-1,07; p=0,005) e ácidos graxos saturados (AGS) percentual (RP=1,08; IC95% 1,02-1,14; p=0,013). Conclusões: Nesta amostra de adultos e idosos assintomáticos vivendo em comunidade, fatores de risco cardiovascular como HF de DAC prematura e baixa intensidade de AF estiveram associados, de forma independente, com a calcificação coronária moderada a aumentada. Analisando os fatores dietéticos, uma maior ingestão de lipídeos totais e de gorduras saturadas mostraram-se associadas com escores mais elevados de CAC, enquanto que a ingestão maior de carboidratos, em detrimento aos lipídeos, associou-se com escores mais baixos de CAC. Nossos resultados sugerem que esses fatores de risco devem ser mais considerados na avaliação clínica do risco cardiovascular global do paciente.
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of death in the world, being the coronary artery disease (CAD) the most common CVD. The calcium of the coronary arteries is a marker for subclinical (asymptomatic) CAD, and is predictive of future coronary events. A number of cardiovascular risk factors account for coronary artery calcification (CAC). In addition, dietary factors may influence the process of atherosclerosis and CAC. Goal: To assess CAC and its association with cardiovascular risk factors and dietary intake in community-dwelling asymptomatic men. Method: Cross-sectional study. The sample included 150 asymptomatic men with age ranging between 50 and 70 years (mean age 58.2 ± 5.3 years) submitted to multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Subclinical atherosclerosis was measured by CAC in accordance with the Agatston method, with the scores classified as ≤10 (no evidence of, or mild CAC) and >10 (moderate and severe CAC). Dietary intake was assessed according to the Food consumption Register (RCA) method. The multivariate Modified Poisson regression model was used to assess cardiovascular risk associated with moderate/severe CAC and the effects of the intake of different nutrients were estimated for the prevalence of moderate/severe CAC, adjusted for calorie intake and CAC risk factors by means of prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results: CAC (calcium score >0) was present in 59.3% of the subjects. In the multivariate analysis, factors independently associated with moderate/severe CAC included family history (FH) of early CAD (PR=1.39; 95%CI 1.03-1.88, p=0.029) and physical activity (PA) <150 minutes/week (PR=1.40; 95%CI 1.01-1.93; p=0.045). The intake of some nutrients was also associated with moderate/severe CAC, such as lower carbohydrate intake (p=0.021) and higher lipid intake (p=0.006), after model adjustment for the amount of calories. Once the cardiovascular risk factors and schooling were included in the model, the nutrients associated with the prevalence of moderate/severe CAC were: percentage of carbohydrates (PR=0.98; 95%CI 0.96-0.99; p=0.040), percentage of lipids (PR=1.04; 95%CI 1.01-1.07; p=0.005), and percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (PR=1.08; 95%CI 1.02-1.14; p=0.013). Conclusions: In the sample of community-dwelling asymptomatic adults and older persons, cardiovascular risk factors such as FH of early CAD, and low-intensity PA were independently associated with moderate to severe coronary calcification. Analysis of dietary factors showed that higher intake of total lipids and saturated fats were associated with higher CAC scores, whereas higher intake of carbohydrates over lipids was associated with lower CAC scores. Our results indicate that these risk factors should be considered in the cardiovascular assessment of the patient.

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Patrier, Laure. "Stratification du risque cardio-vasculaire en insuffisance rénale chronique : place des biomarqueurs émergents". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20227.

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L'insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) demeure un problème de santé publique du fait de l'augmentation de sa prévalence. Malgré l'amélioration de la prise en charge, le taux de mortalité reste plus élevé comparé à la population générale. Parmi les causes de décès, les maladies cardiovasculaires, d'origine multifactorielle (élargissement et hypertrophie des artères, athérosclérose, calcifications vasculaires et valvulaires) sont au premier plan. A côté des facteurs de risque classiques, des facteurs non traditionnels, liés aux perturbations métaboliques de l'IRC, ont été mis en évidence, comme l'inflammation, la malnutrition, le stress oxydant, les anomalies du métabolisme minéralo-osseux. La meilleure connaissance de la physiopathologie de la vasculopathie de l'IRC permet d'émerger de nouveaux biomarqueurs pour stratifier le risque cardiovasculaire chez l'IRC.OBJECTIFS-METHODOLOGIE GENERALE : Nous avons réalisé une approche biochimique pour explorer trois composantes du risque cardiovasculaire chez l'IRC : stress oxydant, perturbations qualitatives des HDL (high-density lipoprotein) et métabolisme minéralo-osseux.RESULTATS : Dans une première publication la production d'anion superoxyde a été évaluée, via une méthode de chemoluminescence, en fonction du stade de l'IRC. Alors que la surproduction de formes réactives de l'oxygène est bien connue au stade 5d et peut être liée à la procédure dialytique, il existe peu de données aux stades précoces. Notre étude a porté sur 136 patients IRC non dialysés des stades 1à 5. Les résultats montrent que la production de FRO est assurée aux stades 4 et 5. Un bas débit de filtration glomérulaire (MDRD<30ml/min/1.73m2), l'inflammation (fibrinogène >3.7g/l) et des taux anormaux d' HDL (<1.42mM et >1.75mM) apparaissent comme les principaux déterminants du stress oxydant chez l'IRC non dialysé.Alors que dans la population générale, un taux bas de HDL est reconnu comme un facteur de risque important, nous avons montré (publication 1) que des taux anormaux de HDL, bas comme hauts, étaient indépendamment associés au stress oxydant chez les sujets IRC. Dans une deuxième publication, nous avons précisé la composition des HDL en se basant sur d'éventuelles modifications qualitatives des protéines associées à la structure des lipoprotéines. Une étude protéomique a été réalisée chez 7 patients hémodialysés versus 7 sujets sains. Nous avons retrouvé 40 protéines exprimées différemment sur les 122 identifiées, dont l'apoCII, l'apoCIII qui sont significativement augmentées et la transferrine abaissée. Ces protéines interviennent dans de nombreuses fonctions comme la réponse inflammatoire, l'activation du complément, la régulation de l'oxydation des lipoprotéines, l'homéostasie des cations.Dans une troisième publication, l'épuration du FGF23, phosphatonine impliquée dans les anomalies du métabolisme minéralo-osseux, été étudiée chez l'hémodialysé chronique en fonction de la techniques de dialyse (hémodialyse (HD) high flux versus hémodiafiltration on line (OL-HDF)). Notre étude a porté sur 53 patients dans le groupe HD et 32 patients dans le groupe OL-HDF. Dans les deux groupes le taux de FGF23 en post-dialyse est significativement plus bas qu'en pré-dialyse. Cependant, le taux de réduction, la clairance et le KT/V du FGF23 sont significativement plus bas dans le groupe OL-HDF.CONCLUSION-PERSPECTIVES : Chez l'IRC, avec l'appariation de facteurs de risque non traditionnels, de nouveaux biomarqueurs ont émergés dans la stratification du risque cardio-vasculaire. Ces biomarqueurs peuvent devenir des bioacteurs et représenter de nouvelles cibles d'action et de prévention de l'atteinte cardio-vasculaire chez l'IRC. La complexité des mécanismes physiopathologiques impliqués, nous incite à proposer des approches multimarqueurs. Actuellement des études biocliniques se poursuivent en mettant en place des cohortes régionales de patients aux stades 1 à 5 et de patients incidents en dialyse
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem because of its increasing prevalence. Despite care improvements, the mortality rate remains higher compared to general population. Among causes of death, cardiovascular diseases with multifactorial origins (enlargement and hypertrophy of arteries, atherosclerosis, vascular and valvular calcifications) are in the foreground. Besides the traditional risk factors, non-traditional factors associated with metabolic disorders in CKD were bring out, such as inflammation, malnutrition, oxidative stress, mineral and bone disorder. A better knowledge of vasculopathy physiopathology in CKD allows the emergence of new biomarkers to stratify cardiovascular risk in CKD.AIMS-METHODOLOGY: We performed a biochemical approach to explore three components of cardiovascular risk in CKD: oxidative stress, qualitative alterations of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) and mineral and bone disorder.RESULTS: In a first publication, the superoxide anion production, according to the stage of CKD, was assessed using a chemiluminescence method. While the overproduction of reactive oxygen species is well known at the 5d stage of CKD and may be related to the dialysis procedure, there are few data in the early stages. Our study included 136 non-dialysis patients at stages 1 to 5 of CKD. Results showed an enhanced superoxide production at the pre-dialysis phase, stages 4 and 5 of CKD. Reduced glomerular filtration rate (MDRD <30 ml / min / 1.73m2), inflammation (fibrinogène≥3.7g / l) and abnormal levels of HDL (<1.42mM and ≥1.75mM) appears as main determinants of oxidative stress in non-dialysis CKD patients.While in general population, a low HDL rate is recognized as an important risk factor, we showed (publication 1) that abnormal levels of HDL, low as high, were independently associated with oxidative stress in CKD subjects. In a second publication, we have defined the HDL composition based on qualitative changes in the structure of proteins associated with lipoproteins. A proteomic study was performed in 7 patients on hemodialysis versus 7 healthy subjects. We found 40 proteins differently expressed on the 122 identified, including apoCII, apoCIII which are significantly increased and transferrin lowered. These proteins are involved in many functions such as inflammatory response, complement activation, regulation of lipoprotein oxidation and homeostasis cations. In a third publication, the removal of FGF23, phosphatonin involved in mineral and bone metabolism, was studied in chronic hemodialysis according to the dialysis techniques (high flux hemodialysis (HD) versus on line hemodiafiltration (OL- HDF)). Our study included 53 patients in the HD group and 32 patients in the OL-HDF group. In both groups the rate of FGF23 in post-dialysis was significantly lower than in pre-dialysis. However, rate of reduction, clearance and KT / V of FGF23 were significantly lower in the OL-HDF group.CONCLUSION-PROSPECTS: In the IRC, with the appearance of non traditional risk-factors, new biomarkers have emerged in the stratification of cardiovascular risk. These biomarkers can become bioactors and represent novel targets of action and prevention in the cardiovascular disease in CKD. The complexity of the involved physiopatholological mechanisms, leads us to propose multimarkers approaches. Currently bioclinical studies continue with the constitution of regional cohorts of patients at stages 1 to 5 of CKD and incident dialysis

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