Articoli di riviste: "Vascular diseases – ultrasonography"

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Harshfield, D. L. "Ultrasonography in Vascular Diseases". American Journal of Roentgenology 178, n. 4 (aprile 2002): 808. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.178.4.1780808.

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Castillo, Mauricio, e Jeffrey R. Wienke. "Ultrasonography in Vascular Diseases". Academic Radiology 9, n. 7 (luglio 2002): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1076-6332(03)80362-8.

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De Gottardi, Andrea, Annalisa Berzigotti, Elisabetta Buscarini e Angeles García Criado. "Ultrasonography in Liver Vascular Disease". Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound 39, n. 04 (agosto 2018): 382–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0647-1658.

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AbstractVascular liver diseases include a heterogeneous group of disorders affecting the micro- and the macro-circulation of the liver. Thrombosis and obstruction of the inflow (portal vein) and/or outflow venous system (Budd-Chiari syndrome), spontaneous porto-systemic shunts, diseases affecting the sinusoids, and hepatic vascular malformations are the most important vascular liver diseases. Thrombosis of the portal venous system and of the hepatic venous system occur most commonly and are potentially life-threatening conditions, while congenital and acquired pro-thrombotic diseases are major causal factors, together with local factors triggering thrombotic events. Despite their overall low prevalence, vascular liver diseases represent the second cause of portal hypertension in the Western world. Imaging techniques are of paramount importance in the diagnostic process, as well as in the follow-up of patients affected by these conditions. In this review, we focus on the role of ultrasonography in the management of vascular liver diseases by highlighting advantages and drawbacks of this imaging technique. In addition, we provide a state of the art presentation of the possibilities offered by ultrasound in the evaluation of vascular and parenchymal features in vascular liver diseases encompassing not only the use of grayscale imaging, but also the application of Doppler ultrasound, the measurement of hemodynamic parameters and the assessment of liver stiffness.

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Wang, Hsin-Kai, Yi-Hong Chou, Hong-Jen Chiou, See-Ying Chiou e Cheng-Yen Chang. "B-flow Ultrasonography of Peripheral Vascular Diseases". Journal of Medical Ultrasound 13, n. 4 (2005): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-6441(09)60108-9.

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Abdelaal, A. M., M. Abd El Raouf, M. A. Aref e A. A. Moselhy. "Clinical and ultrasonographic investigations of 30 water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) with hepatomegaly". Veterinary World 12, n. 6 (giugno 2019): 789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.789-795.

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Background and Aim: Knowledge of normal ultrasonographic dimensions of the liver and associated vascular structures is an important indicator for the diagnosis of hepatic diseases. Enlargement of the liver beyond its normal dimensions is the term of hepatomegaly and ultrasonography is the primary and the suitable diagnostic technique for this condition. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the clinical and ultrasonographic findings of liver diseases causing hepatomegaly in 30 buffaloes as well as to provide a range of liver dimensions and its blood vessel measurements in normal and diseased buffaloes. Materials and Methods: The study population included 30 buffaloes that were admitted to the clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Zagazig University for investigation of clinical signs associated with gastrointestinal diseases such as anorexia, chronic weight loss, and variable degrees of diarrhea or constipation. The animals were subjected to thorough clinical and ultrasonographic investigations. In addition, 10 healthy buffaloes were investigated ultrasonographically and post-slaughtering for comparison of liver dimensions and physical appearance. Results: Three conditions causing hepatomegaly were identified in this study as multiple focal hepatic lesions, diffuse fatty liver, and hepatic congestion. Clinically, it was difficult to differentiate between each condition while ultrasonography was the ideal tool for diagnosis after comparing with necropsy as a gold standard tool. Hepatomegaly was recorded in all affected animals with a significant decrease in the size of the portal vein (PV) and caudal vena cava (CVC) in animals affected with multiple focal hepatic lesions and fatty liver disease while the size of the PV and CVC was significantly increased in buffaloes with hepatic congestion. Conclusion: Ultrasonography can aid to accurately identify buffaloes with hepatomegaly and differentiate between different lesions involved.

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Baker, J. Dennis. "Ultrasonography in vascular diseases, a practical approach to clinical problems". Journal of Vascular Surgery 35, n. 3 (marzo 2002): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mva.2002.119756.

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Yoshida, Atsushi, Tsutomu Tabata, Toshiharu Okugawa, Takashi Sugiyama e Norimasa Sagawa. "Vascular Ultrasound in Gynecology". Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 1, n. 2 (2007): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1093.

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Abstract The usefulness of the vascular ultrasound in the filed of gynecology is now well recognized. The intima-media thickness (IMT) and the elastic property of the common carotid artery are reported to be associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases and are thought to be influenced by menopause. The assessment of the flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery is a noninvasive method for the evaluation of vascular endothelial function and is reported to be associated with menopause or hormone replacement therapy. Certain gynecological situations such as contraceptive use or hormone replacement therapy are reported to increase the risk of thrombosis. For the screening of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities in the gynecological diseases, compression ultrasonography (CUS) is useful.

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Wu, Wenqian, Mingxing Xie e Hongyu Qiu. "The Progress of Advanced Ultrasonography in Assessing Aortic Stiffness and the Application Discrepancy between Humans and Rodents". Diagnostics 11, n. 3 (6 marzo 2021): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030454.

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Aortic stiffening is a fundamental pathological alteration of atherosclerosis and other various aging-associated vascular diseases, and it is also an independent risk factor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Ultrasonography is a critical non-invasive method widely used in assessing aortic structure, function, and hemodynamics in humans, playing a crucial role in predicting the pathogenesis and adverse outcomes of vascular diseases. However, its applications in rodent models remain relatively limited, hindering the progress of the research. Here, we summarized the progress of the advanced ultrasonographic techniques applied in evaluating aortic stiffness. With multiple illustrative images, we mainly characterized various ultrasound techniques in assessing aortic stiffness based on the alterations of aortic structure, hemodynamics, and tissue motion. We also discussed the discrepancy of their applications in humans and rodents and explored the potential optimized strategies in the experimental research with animal models. This updated information would help to better understand the nature of ultrasound techniques and provide a valuable prospect for their applications in assessing aortic stiffness in basic science research, particularly with small animals.

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Cho, Minji, Jung Sun Kim, Sungsin Cho, Won Pyo Cho, Chanjoong Choi, Sanghyun Ahn, Sang-il Min, Jongwon Ha e Seung-Kee Min. "Baseline characteristics of arm vessels by preoperative duplex ultrasonography in Korean patients for hemodialysis vascular access". Journal of Vascular Access 20, n. 6 (28 marzo 2019): 646–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1129729819838168.

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Background: Preoperative mapping with duplex ultrasonography is crucial for successful vascular access creation for hemodialysis. The aims of this study are to assess the baseline characteristics of arm vessels by preoperative duplex ultrasonography in Korean patients, to find out a preoperative duplex ultrasonography parameter precluding distal arteriovenous fistula creation, to assess the maturation failure rate of arteriovenous fistulas, and to identify associated risk factors. Methods: Preoperative duplex ultrasonography mapping for vascular access creation was done in all patients with end-stage renal diseases during the year 2015. The baseline data of duplex ultrasonography were retrospectively analyzed with follow-up clinical data. Results: A total of 299 end-stage renal disease patients (mean age = 62 years, 62% male) were included. On preoperative duplex ultrasonography, mean diameters of radial artery and cephalic vein at wrist were 2.03 and 2.40 mm in the non-dominant arm and 2.10 and 2.26 mm in the dominant arm, respectively. The most common reason for precluding radial-cephalic arteriovenous fistula at wrist was small-sized cephalic vein. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors for inadequate vessels were warfarin treatment, old age (⩾75 years), and peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The rate of arteriovenous fistula maturation failure was 21% and vein diameter <2.5 mm was the only risk factor for arteriovenous fistula maturation failure by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Preoperative duplex ultrasonography evaluation is important to find out inadequate vessels for native arteriovenous fistula and to determine the location of vascular access.

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Martini, S., S. Ferrara, C. Bellacosa, B. M. Ceresia, F. Taccari, G. Di Filippo, A. Tartaglia, G. Gaeta e Paolo Maggi. "Archi-Prevaleat project. A National Register of color-Doppler ultrasonography of the epi-aortic vessels in Patients Living with HIV". Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 12, n. 1 (26 febbraio 2020): e2020018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2020.018.

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Persons Living with HIV (PLWH) are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than the general population. Carotid ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic tool, aimed at the assessment of vascular anatomy and function. Our present aim is to generate a National Register of color-Doppler ultrasonography (Archi-Prevaleat) to better evaluate the characteristics of vascular lesions in PLWH on a large number of data.

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Griffin, Sally. "Feline abdominal ultrasonography: what’s normal? what’s abnormal? The liver". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 21, n. 1 (21 dicembre 2018): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18818666.

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Practical relevance: Abdominal ultrasound plays a vital role in the diagnostic work-up of many cats presenting to general and specialist practitioners. Ultrasound examination of the liver can be key in the diagnosis of diseases such as hepatic lipidosis and hepatic neoplasia. Clinical challenges: Despite ultrasonography being a commonly used modality, many practitioners are not comfortable performing an ultrasound examination or interpreting the resulting images. Even differentiating between normal variation and pathological changes can be challenging for all but the most experienced. When assessing the liver via ultrasound, a diffuse alteration in liver echogenicity may be difficult to detect unless the change is marked and, although comparisons can be made with the spleen and kidneys, this relies on these organs being normal. Equipment: Ultrasound facilities are readily available to most practitioners, although use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool is highly dependent on operator experience. Aim: This review, the first in an occasional series on feline abdominal ultrasonography, discusses ultrasonographic examination of the normal and diseased liver, with focus on the liver parenchyma. It is aimed at general practitioners who wish to improve their knowledge of and confidence in feline abdominal ultrasound and is accompanied by high-resolution images. Ultrasound-guided sampling of the liver is also covered. Future articles will discuss the biliary tree and hepatic vascular anomalies. Evidence base: Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature and the author’s own clinical experience.

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Vallone, G., V. Coppola, S. Gallo, V. Molese, A. Buonomo e G. Maraziti. "Alcune considerazioni sulla ecografia transfontanellare nell'approccio diagnostico delle malattie cerebrali del neonato e del lattante". Rivista di Neuroradiologia 10, n. 2_suppl (ottobre 1997): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19714009970100s296.

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Transfontanellar ultrasonography is the first methodology in the study of the central nervous system of the newborn, especially if the baby is premature and the checked pathologic picture is influenced by the pregnancy age of the little patient, as intracerebral haemorhagic lesions and hypoxic ischaemic lesions are much more frequent in the premature. In case of diseases not correlated with the pregnancy age, as congenital anomalies, and endocranial infections, haemorhagic and neoplasms, transfontanelle ultrasonography also shows its undisputed utility. Transfontanellar ultrasonography with Color Doppler allows a further intensification of the investigation and the use of echographic contrast media will significantly help the vascular diagnosis.

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Wakasugi-Sato, Nao, Masaaki Kodama, Kou Matsuo, Noriaki Yamamoto, Masafumi Oda, Ayataka Ishikawa, Tatsurou Tanaka et al. "Advanced Clinical Usefulness of Ultrasonography for Diseases in Oral and Maxillofacial Regions". International Journal of Dentistry 2010 (2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/639382.

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Various kinds of diseases may be found in the oral and maxillofacial regions and various modalities may be applied for their diagnosis, including intra-oral radiography, panoramic radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear medicine methods such as positron emission tomography. Of these modalities, ultrasound imaging is easy to use for the detection of noninvasive and soft tissue-related diseases. Doppler ultrasound images taken in the B-mode can provide vascular information associated with the morphology of soft tissues. Thus, ultrasound imaging plays an important role in confirming the diagnosis of many kinds of diseases in such oral and maxillofacial regions as the tongue, lymph nodes, salivary glands, and masticatory muscles. In the present article, we introduce three new applications of ultrasonography: guided fine-needle aspiration, measurement of tongue cancer thickness, and diagnosis of metastasis to cervical lymph nodes.

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Jia, Nailong, Long Fan, Chuizhi Wang, Qimao Fu, Yan Chen, Changkun Lin e Yupeng Zhang. "Subclinical Diabetic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Epidemiology Using Logistic Regression Mathematical Model and Medical Image Registration Algorithm". Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022 (17 gennaio 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2116224.

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The study aims to explore the effect of subclinical diabetic peripheral vascular disease and an epidemiological investigation of colour Doppler ultrasound images based on a logistic regression mathematical model and a medical image registration algorithm. Subclinical diabetes patients were selected as subjects, and after ultrasound colour Doppler ultrasonography of peripheral blood vessels, ultrasound images were taken. The experimental results show that the area under the curve (AUC) predicted by the model was 0.748, the sensitivity was 94.12%, and the specificity was 67.93%. All Δ were smaller than a single pixel. The detection rate of colour Doppler ultrasonography was 82.6%, which was significantly better than that of clinical examination ( P < 0.01 ). The age, course of disease, SBP, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) of the peripheral vascular disease group were significantly different from those of the no peripheral vascular disease group ( P < 0.05 ). The incidence of peripheral vascular diseases and nonperipheral vascular diseases in male patients was remarkably higher than that in female patients ( P < 0.05 ). Moreover, with the increase of age, the incidence of peripheral vascular disease and nonperipheral vascular disease in diabetic patients showed a trend of gradual increase ( P < 0.05 ). In summary, the mathematical model and registration method have high accuracy for medical image registration of patients with the diabetes epidemic. In addition, the age, course of disease, SBP, LDL-C, TG, and TC of diabetic patients were significantly different from those of normal people, which can provide a reference for the development of later diabetes epidemiology.

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Ichim, Vlad Andrei, Romeo Ioan Chira e Petru Adrian Mircea. "Diagnostic yield of endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy of focal liver lesions". Medicine and Pharmacy Reports 92, n. 1 (27 gennaio 2019): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15386/cjmed-1066.

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Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has become an indispensable method for diagnosis and therapeutic procedures in gastroenterology. As experience with this technique grows, new indications continue to emerge. Due to the vicinity of the transducer to the liver, endoscopic ultrasonography provides detailed images of the liver segments and its vascular and biliary structures. Endosonographers have made an effort to define a clinical role for endoscopic ultrasound in liver diseases; however, not much is known about endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in hepatic focal lesions. This review summarizes the available evidence regarding the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in patients with focal liver lesions.

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Bhattacharjee, Siddharth, Richa D. Jain, Lokesh Bathala, Anuradha HK e Vijay K. Sharma. "Pictorial Essay of Cervical Duplex Ultrasonography". POCUS Journal 7, n. 2 (21 novembre 2022): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/pocus.v7i2.15635.

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Objectives: Cervical duplex ultrasonography (CDU) is a simple, non-invasive, portable technique, that provides valuable high-quality visual information about the integrity of the carotid and vertebral vessels, plaque morphology and flow hemodynamics. CDU is useful in the assessment and follow up of patients with cerebrovascular disease as well as other conditions like inflammatory vasculitis, carotid artery dissection and carotid body tumours. CDU is inexpensive and invaluable in smaller centres. Methods: CDU was performed in all patients in both longitudinal and transverse planes in the out-patient clinic. Brightness mode (B-mode) and Doppler waveforms were obtained. Relevant findings were presented. Results: CDU provides real time visualisation of plaque characteristics and follow up, hemodynamic characteristics in Takayasu arteritis, visualisation of dissection. Conclusion: With availability of MR/CT angiography, CDU can be an adjuvant in follow up, triage and early bed-side diagnosis of the vascular diseases. We present our experience with CDU in the out-patient clinics in this pictorial essay.

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Kawakami, Manri, Masahiko Koda, Yoshikazu Murawaki, Hironaka Kawasaki e Shiro Ikawa. "Cerebral vascular resistance assessed by transcranial color Doppler ultrasonography in patients with chronic liver diseases". Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 16, n. 8 (agosto 2001): 890–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1746.2001.02479.x.

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Hossain, MF, SR Sarker, MN Sabah, AHM Bashar, NK Dey, E. Hakim, GMM Hossain e NC Mandal. "Vascular Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Experiences at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka". Cardiovascular Journal 11, n. 1 (14 settembre 2018): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v11i1.38242.

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Background: To analyze our recent experiences at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) with the management of vascular Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS).Methods: Retrospective review identified 51 patients (age range 23 to 67 years) with vascular TOS, among them 47 patients with arterial type TOS underwent surgical treatment from January 2012 to December 2015. Evaluation included clinical assessment plus duplex ultrasonography and contrast arteriography and outcome of treatment.Results: In 44 (94%) patients, surgery was successful in relieving the ischemic symptoms. Major amputations could be avoided in 21 of the 28 patients presenting with gangrene. Recurrent thrombo-embolism of the distal arterial tree was found in 5 patients requiring repeat embolectomy. At one year follow-up, 73% of the patients remained free from ischemic upper limb symptoms.Conclusions: Though relatively uncommon, arterial TOS is a potentially limb threatening condition. Early detection of the anatomical abnormality with its surgical correction is required to avoid major complications.Cardiovasc. j. 2018; 11(1): 50-52

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Levakov, S. A., A. G. Kedrova, O. E. Nechayeva, A. V. Sitnikov, D. P. Lebedev, L. M. Kaganovskaya e N. S. Wanke. "EXPERIENCE OF UTERINE ARTERY EMBOLIZATION IN UTERINE ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION". Journal of Clinical Practice 1, n. 3 (15 settembre 2010): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/clinpract13103-110.

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Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a rare condition. Congenital AVMs have multiple vascular connections, may manifest at other sites, and involve surrounding structures, whereas acquired AVMs usually have a single connection between an artery and a vein. AVMs may be diagnosed by Doppler ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and angiography. The article presents the literature and case report of AVM with the tactics of treatment of rare diseases.

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Khasanova, D. R., T. V. Danilova e Z. K. Latypova. "Epilepsy in patients with ischemic brain disease". Kazan medical journal 94, n. 2 (15 aprile 2013): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1595.

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Epilepsy is one of the most actual social problems in modern neurology and psychiatry. According to the results of the domestic and foreign studies, the risk of developing epilepsy increases with age. The increased rate of nervous system vascular and degenerative diseases as well as brain tumors and head injuries in elderly patients is one of the reasons for it. The review is devoted to the development of epilepsy in adults having an active cerebrovascular disease. Epilepsy is the disease with multiple causative factors. Among the etiological factors of epilepsy development in adults, the predominant place belongs to vascular diseases. The article presents the epidemiological aspects of the problem, the questions of pathophysiology, the variability of epileptic syndromes developing as a result of ischemic brain disease. It describes the characteristics of epileptic process as a result of a vascular lesion. The role of the cerebrovascular reactivity in brain vascular diseases development is described. A place of different research methods (such as electroencephalography, transcranial and extracranial duplex ultrasonography scanning of the major brain vessels, different modes of magnetic resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy) in identifying risk factors for seizures in patients with cerebrovascular pathology is reported. Possible exogenous and endogenous precipitants (cerebral atherosclerotic vascular disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular deregulation, increased convulsive predisposition, the external epileptic triggers, etc.) are described.

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Zhang, Hui, Xuexue Xing, Zheng Wang e Min He. "Evaluation of Split Renal Function for Children with Kidney Diseases by Renal and Vascular Color Ultrasonography". Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 44, n. 12 (dicembre 2018): 2602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.07.018.

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Seo, Sang Jin, Hyun Duk Jang, Soo Jung Lee e Jung Min Park. "The Intima Media Thickness (IMT) as Measured by Carotid Ultrasonography in Patients with Retinal Vascular Diseases". Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 55, n. 4 (2014): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2014.55.4.541.

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Larcher, P., E. Longoni, M. Casu, M. Bergonzi, C. Bonfiolp, F. Motta e A. Urani. "Color-doppler potentiality during prostatic transrectal ultrasonography". Urologia Journal 62, n. 1_suppl (gennaio 1995): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156039506201s29.

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— This communication has the purpose of presenting an evaluation of Color-Doppler (C.D.) potentiality during prostatic transrectal ultrasonography. From September 1991 to April 1995, 3200 prostatic transrectal ultrasonographies were perfomed by means of C.D. on 1250 patients with a PSA value higher than 5 ng/ml; among these 1250 patients, 210 were subjected to a biopsy and 126 were positive for adenocarcinoma. By using C.D. it has been possible to display the main vascular pedicles of the prostatic gland in standard conditions and to identify patterns indicating diseases, both benign (BPH and prostatitis) and malignant (cancer and follow-up of patients subjected to therapy). In 113 out of 126 histologically identified cancers, C.D. gives patterns of hypervascular areas even in the absence of specific focal lesions. On the basis of these results it is possible to state that C.D. evaluation during prostatic transrectal ultrasonography can aid prostatic cancer diagnosis, supplying a further selection parameter for patients who must undergo a needle biopsy while requiring only a slightly longer time (2–3 minutes) for the examination.

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Griffin, Sally. "Feline abdominal ultrasonography: what’s normal? what’s abnormal? The biliary tree". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 21, n. 5 (25 aprile 2019): 429–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x19843212.

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Practical relevance: Abdominal ultrasound plays a vital role in the diagnostic work-up of many cats presenting to general and specialist practitioners. The biliary tree encompasses the liver, gall bladder and bile ducts, although only diseases affecting the latter two are discussed here. Diseases of the bile ducts and gall bladder are more common than those of the liver parenchyma and ultrasound plays an important role in their diagnosis. Clinical challenges: Despite ultrasonography being a commonly used modality, many practitioners are not comfortable performing an ultrasound examination or interpreting the resulting images. Even differentiating between normal variation and pathological changes can be challenging for all but the most experienced. In addition, a lack of pathological change does not necessarily rule out disease; for example, absence of gall bladder and/or extrahepatic biliary distension is not sufficient to exclude the possibility of biliary obstruction, and in many cases of cholangitis the liver and biliary tree are unremarkable on ultrasound examination. Equipment: Ultrasound facilities are readily available to most practitioners, although use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool is highly dependent on operator experience. Aim: This review, part of an occasional series on feline abdominal ultrasonography, discusses the appearance of the normal and diseased biliary system. It is aimed at general practitioners who wish to improve their knowledge and confidence in feline abdominal ultrasound and is accompanied by high-resolution images. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis is also covered. Ultrasound examination of the liver was discussed in an article published in January 2019 and an upcoming article will cover hepatic vascular anomalies. Evidence base: Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature and the author’s own clinical experience.

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Fernandez, S., M. A. R. Feliciano, S. B. Crivellenti, L. Z. Crivellenti, A. P. R. Simões, M. C. Maronezi, R. R. Uscategui et al. "B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography of adrenal glands of healthy dogs". Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 68, n. 4 (agosto 2016): 907–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8644.

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ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the vascular indices of adrenal blood flow in healthy dogs (systolic velocity - SV; diastolic velocity - DV; resistance index - RI). Eighteen dogs (thirty six adrenal) were studied. Physical examination, biochemical profile and dexamethasone suppression test were performed to determine general health status. Echotexture, size, contours and margins, and overall shape of the adrenal gland (right and left) were assessed via ultrasound. By spectral Doppler of the phrenic-abdominal artery, the SV, DV, and RI were acquired. Animals did not show alterations in clinical and laboratory examination and suppression of cortisol. Normal homogeneous and echotexture, regular contours and margins and normal shape and size were verified via B mode. Spectral Doppler of the phrenic-abdominal artery showed monophasic-patterned waves and low vascular resistance and systolic peak evident with means values: left adrenal - SV = 31.34cm/s, DV = 9.54cm/s and RI = 0.69; and right adrenal - SV = 27.83cm/s, DV = 7.71cm/s and RI = 0.68. Doppler evaluation of adrenal was easily implemented and may provide base line data in the study, allowing for the use of this technique as a diagnostic tool for diseases of the dog's adrenal.

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Camarda, Cecilia, Carmela Pipia, Delia Azzarello, Iacopo Battaglini, Giovanni Romeo, Marcello Chiodi e Rosolino Camarda. "Vascular Risk Factors, Vascular Diseases, and Imaging Findings in a Hospital-based Cohort of Mild Cognitive Impairment Types". Current Alzheimer Research 15, n. 7 (9 maggio 2018): 679–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205015666180119110712.

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Background: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a transitional state between normal cognition and dementia. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the role of vascular risk factors, vascular diseases, cerebrovascular disease and brain atrophy in a large hospital-based cohort of MCI types including 471 amnestic MCI (a-MCI), 693 amnestic MCI multiple domain (a-MCImd), 322 single non-memory MCI (snm-MCI), and 202 non amnestic MCI multiple domain (na-MCImd). For comparison, 1,005 neurologically and cognitively healthy subjects were also evaluated. Method: Several vascular risk factors and vascular diseases were assessed. All participants underwent neurological, neuropsychological and behavioural assessments as well as carotid ultrasonography and standard brain MRI. Multinomial logistic regression models on the MCI cohort with the NCH group and a-MCI type as reference categories were used to assess the effects of the variables evaluated on the estimated probability of one of the four MCI types. Results: This study demonstrates that cerebrovascular disease contributes substantially to the risk of non-memory MCI types and a-MCImd type, and that brain atrophy is present in all MCI types and is greater in multiple domain types particularly in the na-MCI type. Conclusion: Improving detection and control of cerebrovascular disease in aging individuals should be mandatory. Since the incidence of MCI and dementia will be expected to rise because of the progressive life expectancy, a better management of cerebrovascular disease could indeed prevent or delay the onset of MCI, or could delay progression of MCI to dementia.

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Atílla, H., A. Arslanpençe, F. Batioğlu, T. Eryilmaz, S. Aytaç, H. Özcan e G. Kurtay. "Effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Ocular Hemodynamics in Postmenopausal Women". European Journal of Ophthalmology 11, n. 3 (luglio 2001): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112067210101100311.

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Purpose To evaluate the effect of hormone replacement therapy on ocular hemodynamics in postmenopausal women. Methods Ocular Doppler ultrasonography was performed in 20 postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and in 20 women without treatment, as the control group. Central retinal artery (CRA), posterior ciliary artery (PCA) and ophthalmic artery (OA) flow velocities and vascular resistances were measured prospectively by a radiologist blinded to the therapy. There were no associated systemic or ocular diseases or any medication history. Results The mean age of the patients on HRT was 50.05 ± 4.5 yrs (range 44 - 62). The mean age of the control group was 52.8 ± 4.09 yrs (range 46 - 65). The mean duration of HRT was 1.6 ± 1.4 yrs (range 3 months - 5 years). There were no differences between the groups in terms of flow velocities, vascular resistivities or pulsatility indices of OA, CRA and PCA (p>0.05). Conclusions HRT is essential in postmenopausal women for relief of vasomotor symptoms, cardioprotection and prevention of osteoporosis. Even though vaso-occlusive complications of hormone preparations have been reported, we did not observe any changes in ocular hemodynamics detectable with Doppler ultrasonography.

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Vecerzan, Liliana, e Romeo Gabriel Mihăilă. "Risk Factors Regarding Portal Vein Thrombosis in Chronic Liver Disease". Acta Medica Transilvanica 25, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2020): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amtsb-2020-0068.

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Abstract The portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is one of the most frequent vascular diseases of the liver, with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The most common causes of the PVT are hepatic cirrhosis, hepatobiliary neoplasms, inflammatory and infectious abdominal diseases, and myeloproliferative syndromes.(1,2) The natural progress of the PVT has as a result portal hypertension which leads to splenomegaly and the formation of portosystemic collateral vessels, as well as gastroesophageal, duodenal and jejunal varices. Ultrasonography, especially Doppler ultrasound, is the most widely used imaging method to asses, supervise and diagnose PVT in patients with hepatopathies. The purpose of acute PVT treatment is to re-permeabilize the obstructed vessels; the endoscopic ligature of the varices in the eventuality of their rupture is safe and extremely efficient in chronic PVT. To conclude, PVT is the most common hepatic vascular disorder, and its prevalence has increased particularly among the patients with chronic hepatopathies.(3)

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Akaishi, Tetsuya, Michiaki Abe, Takashi Miki, Mika Miki, Yasuharu Funamizu, Sadayoshi Ito, Takaaki Abe e Tadashi Ishii. "Ratio of diastolic to systolic blood pressure represents renal resistive index". Journal of Human Hypertension 34, n. 7 (4 ottobre 2019): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41371-019-0264-1.

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Abstract Increased intrarenal vascular resistance is suggested to accompany chronic kidney diseases (CKD), which is known to be closely associated with hypertension. However, there are few studies that have examined the relationship between blood pressure and intrarenal vascular resistance. Renal color Doppler ultrasonography is one method that can non-invasively evaluate intrarenal vascular resistance. In this study, we comprehensively studied the correlations between ultrasonic parameters and blood pressure indices to elucidate their relationships. In total, 162 patients with suspected CKD were enrolled for this study. Demographics, blood pressure, blood test, urine test, and renal color Doppler ultrasonography data were obtained. The ratio of diastolic to systolic blood pressure (D/S ratio) and pulse pressure were calculated. Our results indicated strong negative correlations between the renal resistive index (RI) values in all four of the studied kidney regions and the D/S ratio. The RI values also showed significant correlations with diastolic pressure and pulse pressure, but they were weaker. Partial correlation coefficients between pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, D/S ratio, and RI showed that D/S ratio significantly correlated with RI, but pulse pressure or mean arterial pressure did not. Systolic blood pressure did not correlate with any of the studied ultrasonic values. The negative correlation between RI values and the D/S ratio was still observed in subjects without renal dysfunction or any medications. In conclusion, D/S ratio, rather than pulse pressure or mean arterial pressure, would be the most appropriate index to estimate/calculate/judge intrarenal vascular resistance.

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Resorlu, Mustafa, Muhammet Arslan, Ozan Karatag e Gurhan Adam. "Thorax Computed Tomography Findings in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction". Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 7 (28 giugno 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcis.jcis_32_17.

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Objective: Diabetes mellitus, smoking, dyslipidemia, and obesity play an important role in the etiology of erectile dysfunction, particularly in cases with vascular insufficiency. These risk factors also target the lungs due to their systemic effects. Materials and Methods: Patients with penile vascular insufficiency determined at Doppler ultrasonography and undergoing thoracic computerized tomography for various reasons were included in this study. A history of acute thoracic trauma, pneumonic consolidation, or pelvic surgery and trauma were regarded as exclusion criteria. Results: Thirty-seven male patients with identified vascular insufficiency (age 54.48 ± 13.62 years) were enrolled. Mass lesions with a malignant morphology were present in two patients. The most common mediastinal/vascular pathology was atherosclerosis, while the most common parenchymal lesion was emphysematous aeration. Other findings included parenchymal fibrotic bands, atelectasis, interstitial thickening, bronchiectasis, air trapping, aortic aneurysm, a dilated pulmonary artery, hiatal hernia, and pericardial effusion. Conclusion: Erectile dysfunction may be an early sign of cardiovascular diseases. Care must be taken in terms of existing or potential pulmonary pathologies in these patients due to their sharing common risk factors with systemic effects.

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Ghauri, A. S. K., e I. K. Nyamekye. "Leg ulceration: the importance of treating the underlying pathophysiology". Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 25, n. 1_suppl (24 settembre 2010): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2010.010s07.

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The last 20 years have seen considerable advances in the management of vascular diseases both in non-invasive imaging and minimally invasive surgical interventions. Colour duplex ultrasonography provides non-invasive and increasingly high-resolution anatomic and haemodynamic vascular information. This has been complimented by the development of minimally invasive interventional procedures such as subintimal angioplasty and endovenous treatments, all of which can be performed under local anaesthesia. These advances can now be utilized to improve both the assessment and management of patients with chronic leg ulceration where the aetiology is usually vascular and mostly primary venous insufficiency. Using non-invasive Doppler pressures and colour duplex imaging, the anatomic and haemodynamic pattern of the underlying vascular disease (and consequently the pathophysiology) can be precisely determined. This enables appropriate planning and targeting of effective management from an early stage in the history of any particular ulcer. This paper highlights the importance of achieving accurate diagnosis and instituting effective treatments that are appropriately targeted at the underlying pathophysiology, in patients with chronic leg ulceration, and describes how recent advances in technology and interventions have substantially increased the tools available to the vascular specialist. Thus allowing safe and effective management of what can otherwise become a prolonged or recurrent disease process.

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Rosiak, Krzysztof, Kamil Waloch, Zofia Uszok, Michał Łepik, Kacper Płeska, Kacper Reguła, Szymon Piaszczyński, Andrzej Czajka, Joanna Wojtania e Bartłomiej Szymański. "Role of Contrast in Ultrasonography: significance, types, benefits, and limitations. A comprehensive review". Journal of Education, Health and Sport 72 (26 maggio 2024): 51114. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.72.51114.

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Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) has revolutionized diagnostic imaging by significantly improving the accuracy and capabilities of ultrasound technology. By utilizing contrast agents, CEUS offers enhanced visualization of blood flow, superior detection of vascular diseases, and delineation of pathological from healthy tissues. Real-time imaging capabilities afforded by CEUS have been shown to be instrumental in guiding interventions and assessing treatment efficacy, thereby contributing to personalized patient care and improved clinical outcomes. This document provides a comprehensive review of the current benefits, limitations, and future directions of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. It acknowledges the potential for allergic reactions, the necessity for specialized training, high costs, and the occurrence of image artifacts as drawbacks, while also anticipating advancements in targeted agents and imaging techniques. Moreover, the document emphasizes the need for ongoing research to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of contrast agents and their impact across various medical disciplines. Despite the challenges, the integration of CEUS into clinical practice holds enormous potential to further refine diagnostic processes and enhance patient management.

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Chudinova, L. N. "Brachial artery vascular wall condition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease". Kazan medical journal 94, n. 5 (15 ottobre 2013): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1898.

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Aim. To study the structural and biomechanical characteristics of brachial artery in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of varying severity and to compare the ultrasonographic data with the data of subjects of comparable age without signs of pulmonary disease. Methods. 109 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of varying severity aged 55-75 years and 31 patients of comparison group without any obstructive pulmonary diseases, but having concomitant arterial hypertension not exceeding 1st degree, were examined. All patients underwent a clinical interview, a threefold blood pressure measurement with a three-minute interval, the respiratory function study by spirometry, and ultrasonography of the right brachial artery. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were subdivided to two groups according to the results of spirometry following administration of a bronchodilator based on the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1) percentage to expected values. 55 patients with FEV 1 over 50% of expected values were pooled to the first group. The second group consisted of 54 patients with FEV 1 of 50% of expected values and lower. All groups were matched for sex, age and blood pressure level. Results. A reduction of brachial artery intima and adventitial layers thickness was found in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The vascular wall in those subjects was prone to stretching, had decreased elasticity and increased tensility. In addition, there was an evidence of smooth muscular layer tone decrease in the brachial artery wall. Conclusion. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease aged 55-75 years, regardless of the severity of the disease, initial biomechanical and later structural and anatomical changes of the brachial artery associated with normal blood pressure, caused by chronic hypoxia were registered.

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Adnyana, I. Made Oka, e Valentina Tjandra Dewi. "CEREBRAL AND SYSTEMIC ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN MIGRAINE: CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND PERSPECTIVE". Romanian Journal of Neurology 20, n. 2 (30 giugno 2021): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjn.2021.2.3.

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Migraine still causes a high rate of disability and is reported to increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Endothelial dysfunction is considered to be one of the underlying mechanisms linking migraine and vascular disorders. Investigation of endothelial function in migraine includes a variety of examinations including biomarkers and ultrasonography-based studies. Several proposed biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction are endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), von Willebrand factor (vWF), nitric oxide (NO), tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen (tPA antigen), C-reactive protein (CRP), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Brachial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) is quite commonly used to reflect systemic endothelial dysfunction, while cerebral endothelial function can be assessed using breath holding index (BHI) on transcranial Doppler (TCD). The results of most studies in migraine sufferers indicate that endothelial dysfunction is found locally in the cerebral circulation, especially at the posterior circulation, while evidence for endothelial dysfunction in the systemic circulation remains controversial.

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Bolletta, Elena, Luca De Simone, Marco Pellegrini, Chiara Preziosa, Valentina Mastrofilippo, Chantal Adani, Pietro Gentile, Fabrizio Gozzi e Luca Cimino. "Optical Coherence Tomography in Inflammatory and Neoplastic Lesions Deforming the Choroidal Profile". Diagnostics 13, n. 12 (7 giugno 2023): 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13121991.

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The choroid is the main part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye that lies between the retina and the sclera. The high vascular component of the choroid makes this structure susceptible to inflammation in multisystemic diseases, as well as the most common site of metastasis in the eye. Therefore, the choroid is involved in many pathological conditions, from uveitis to intraocular tumors. Differentiating between inflammatory and neoplastic lesions deforming the choroidal profile can sometimes be challenging. In addition, scleral disorders can also deform the choroidal profile. Choroidal imaging includes ophthalmic ultrasonography, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Recent advances in choroidal imaging techniques, such as enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), have facilitated an in-depth analysis of the choroid. The purpose of this review article is to report on and highlight the most common OCT findings to help in the differential diagnosis between inflammatory and neoplastic lesions deforming the choroidal profile.

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Daimiel Naranjo, Isaac, e Andrea Alcalá-Galiano Rubio. "Inguinoscrotal Pathology on Computed Tomography: An Alternative Perspective". Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 67, n. 3 (agosto 2016): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2015.11.002.

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Computed tomography (CT) is not the imaging technique of choice to assess inguinoscrotal pathology, as magnetic resonance or ultrasonography have superior soft tissue contrast resolution and do not involve gonadal exposure to ionizing radiation. However, testicular and inguinoscrotal pathology may be found both as an extension of intra-abdominal processes or incidentally on CT scans requested for other reasons. CT also plays a role in the evaluation of testicular injury when associated to pelvic trauma and in perineal infections with scrotal extension. A pictorial review of testicular and inguinoscrotal involvement in vascular, neoplastic, traumatic, infectious, or inflammatory diseases and in complications of abdominal surgeries is presented. Additionally, the CT appearance of several congenital anomalies and benign processes is depicted.

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Rebić, Damir, Senija Rašić e Velma Rebić. "Impact of Peritoneal Dialysis Treatment on Arterial Stiffness and Vascular Changes in Diabetic Type 2 and Nondiabetic Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease". International Journal of Nephrology 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/681454.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the leading cause of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Vascular diseases are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in the chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment on morphologic and hemodynamic vascular parameters of carotid arteries in diabetic type 2 and nondiabetic patients with ESRD during the period of one year after the start of PD treatment using ultrasonography of carotid arteries and their relation on uremia and PD inherent factors. Mean intima-media thickness, plaque score, peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, and carotid diameter significantly decreased 12 months after PD treatment start in both groups. Significant reduction in median serum endothelin-1 concentration after 12 months on PD treatment was observed in the group of patients with DM (7.6–5.9 pg/mL) and also in group of patients without DM (3.6–3.3 pg/mL). Also median nitric oxide concentration significantly increased after 12 months on PD compared to baseline levels both in patients with DM (25.0–34.3 μmol/L) as was observed in patients without DM (49.6–56.5 μmol/L). PD treatment, with the regulation of these vasoactive molecules and other vascular risk factors, significantly contributes to vascular remodeling, especially in DM patients.

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Mous, Daphne S., Heleen M. Kool, Marjon J. Buscop-van Kempen, Anton H. Koning, Oleh Dzyubachyk, Rene M. H. Wijnen, Dick Tibboel e Robbert J. Rottier. "Clinically relevant timing of antenatal sildenafil treatment reduces pulmonary vascular remodeling in congenital diaphragmatic hernia". American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 311, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2016): L734—L742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00180.2016.

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Patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) suffer from severe pulmonary hypertension attributable to altered development of the pulmonary vasculature, which is often resistant to vasodilator therapy. Present treatment starts postnatally even though significant differences in the pulmonary vasculature are already present early during pregnancy. We examined the effects of prenatal treatment with the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil on pulmonary vascular development in experimental CDH starting at a clinically relevant time. The well-established, nitrofen-induced CDH rodent model was treated daily with 100 mg/kg sildenafil from day 17.5 until day 20.5 of gestation (E17.5–20.5). Importantly, this timing perfectly corresponds to the developmental stage of the lung at 20 wk of human gestation, when CDH is detectable by 2D-ultrasonography and/or MRI. At E21.5 pups were delivered by caesarean section and euthanized by lethal injection of pentobarbital. The lungs were isolated and subsequently analyzed using immunostaining, real-time PCR, and volume measurements. Prenatal treatment with sildenafil improved lung morphology and attenuated vascular remodeling with reduced muscularization of the smaller vessels. Pulmonary vascular volume was not affected by sildenafil treatment. We show that prenatal treatment with sildenafil within a clinically relevant period improves pulmonary vascular development in an experimental CDH model. This may have important implications for the management of this disease and related pulmonary vascular diseases in human.

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Chabot, Sophie, Nabila Jabrane-Ferrat, Karine Bigot, Julie Tabiasco, Alexandra Provost, Muriel Golzio, Muhammad Zaeem Noman et al. "A novel antiangiogenic and vascular normalization therapy targeted against human CD160 receptor". Journal of Experimental Medicine 208, n. 5 (11 aprile 2011): 973–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20100810.

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Angiogenesis plays an essential role in several diseases of the eye and in the growth of solid tumors, but existing antiangiogenic therapies have limited benefits in several cases. We report the antiangiogenic effects of a monoclonal antibody, CL1-R2, in several animal models of neovascularization. CL1-R2 recognizes human CD160, a membrane receptor which is conserved in various mammal species. We show that CD160 is expressed on the endothelial cells of newly formed blood vessels in human colon carcinoma and mouse B16 melanoma but not in vessels of healthy tissues. CL1-R2 reduced fibroblast growth factor 2–induced neovascularization in the rabbit cornea, in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy, and in a mouse Matrigel plug assay. Treatment of B16 melanoma-bearing mice with CL1-R2 combined with cyclophosphamide chemotherapy caused regression of the tumor vasculature and normalization of the remaining vessels as shown by Doppler ultrasonography, intravital microscopy, and histology. These studies validate CD160 as a potential new target in cases of human pathological ocular and tumor neoangiogenesis that do not respond or become resistant to existing antiangiogenic drugs.

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Wortmann, Markus, Andreas S. Peters, Philipp Erhart, Daniel Körfer, Dittmar Böckler e Susanne Dihlmann. "Inflammasomes in the Pathophysiology of Aortic Disease". Cells 10, n. 9 (15 settembre 2021): 2433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10092433.

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Aortic diseases comprise aneurysms, dissections, and several other pathologies. In general, aging is associated with a slow but progressive dilation of the aorta, along with increased stiffness and pulse pressure. The progression of aortic disease is characterized by subclinical development or acute presentation. Recent evidence suggests that inflammation participates causally in different clinical manifestations of aortic diseases. As of yet, diagnostic imaging and surveillance is mainly based on ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Little medical therapy is available so far to prevent or treat the majority of aortic diseases. Endovascular therapy by the introduction of covered stentgrafts provides the main treatment option, although open surgery and implantation of synthetic grafts remain necessary in many situations. Because of the risks associated with surgery, there is a need for identification of pharmaceutical targets interfering with the pathophysiology of aortic remodeling. The participation of innate immunity and inflammasome activation in different cell types is common in aortic diseases. This review will thus focus on inflammasome activities in vascular cells of different chronic and acute aortic diseases and discuss their role in development and progression. We will also identify research gaps and suggest promising therapeutic targets, which may be used for future medical interventions.

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Vucaj-Cirilovic, Viktorija, Kosta Petrovic, Olivera Nikolic, Viktor Till, Dijana Niciforovic e Dusan Hadnadjev. "Duplex doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities". Medical review 59, n. 1-2 (2006): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0602011v.

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Introduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of duplex Doppler ultrasonography in diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities. Material and methods. During a 2-year period, 860 patients were examined by duplex Doppler sonography. Among these, 619(72%) were women and 241 (28%) men, with the age-range of 16-91; (mean 56,2) years. Siemens Versa Pro color doppler was used, with 7MHz transducers. Findings were categorized into four categories: 1. deep venous thrombosis (DVT); 2. pathology predominantly related to superficial veins without DVT; 3. pathology of superficial and deep veins; 4. normal findings. Results. 185 (21%) patients had DVT, 366 (42.5%) patients had pre?dominant pathology of superficial veins: postthrombotic syndrome, superficial thrombophlebitis and varicose veins. 128 (14.9%) patients had pathology of superficial and deep veins. Normal findings were found in 181 (21.1%) patients. Conclusions. Various vascular and nonvascular diseases may mimic deep venous thrombosis, and that is why US should be used whenever possible to avoid unnecessary anticoagulant therapy. .

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Vallone, Gianfranco, e Massimo Vallone. "Bluth EI, Benson CB, Ralls PW, Siegel MJ (eds): Ultrasonography in vascular diseases. A practical approach to clinical problems (2nd edition)". European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 37, n. 2 (31 ottobre 2009): 405–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00259-009-1287-6.

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Mitrokhina, T. V., S. V. Yureneva, E. Yu Maychuk, S. Yu Kuznetsov, I. V. Voevodina e S. V. Moiseenko. "BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND VASCULAR WALL CHARACTERISTICS IN WOMEN AFTER OVARIECTOMY AND PROLONGED HORMONE THERAPY". Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases 15, n. 2 (15 agosto 2012): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/osteo2012213-17.

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Osteoporosis and atherosclerosis are the most socially significant chronic non-infectious diseases. This is due to their high prevalence and medical, social and economic consequences from osteoporotic bone fractures and myocardial infarction and stroke as a result of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The level of estrogen is essential for the formation and maintenance of bone mass in women. The sharp decline in estrogen levels after bilateral ovariectomy plays the role of trigger factor in the development of complex disorders of the bone and the cardiovascular system. Pathogenetically justified approach to the correction of the estrogen-deficient states is the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). To study the effect of HRT on the cardiovascular system and bone mineral density (BMD) we examined 50 women with surgical menopause which received HRT for more than a 10-year period. We studied the anthropometric and biochemical parameters (blood cholesterol and its fractions, fasting blood glucose), performed Doppler ultrasonography of head and neck vessels with measurement of pulse velocity, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) for BMD estimation. Examination was carried out twice - in the early period after the operation (the first year) and after 10 years. Analysis of the cardio-vascular system and the BMD has demonstrated more severe atherosclerotic vascular changes and a greater decrease in BMD in patients who discontinued use of HRT. The severity of atherosclerosis and the level of the BMD were dependent on HRT use.

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Zhu, Meng, Ning Zhang, Wei Tao, Zhitao Wang e Shuixiang He. "Pancreatic Tuberculosis with Vascular Involvement and Peritoneal Dissemination in a Young Man". Case Reports in Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4396759.

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Pancreatic tuberculosis (TB) is an extremely rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis even in endemic areas that masquerades as a mass or inflammation because of lack of typical clinical manifestations and radiologic features and therefore usually misdiagnosed as a pancreatic malignancy or pancreatitis. Here we present a 23-year-old young man with pancreatic tuberculosis mimicking pancreatic head carcinoma A man who suffered from upper abdominal pain and nausea for half a month was admitted to our hospital. Narrow band imaging (NBI) and gastroscopic imaging, together with endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), revealed a duodenal bulb mucous prominences lesion. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) both suggested a pancreatic mass which resembled a pancreatic head tumor that had a higher risk of malignancy. The patient therefore accepted an exploratory laparotomy and pancreatoduodenectomy, Whipple operation. Biopsies of pancreas, duodenum, lymph nodes, omentum, and adipose tissues were all performed, revealing tuberculosis infection in pancreas, hepatic portal vein infiltration, and peritoneal dissemination. The patient was treated successfully after operation and recovered with standard anti-TB drugs for 6 months. Timely reporting of this rare case can help physicians improve their ability to identify several specific illnesses and diseases that share confusing signs or symptoms clinically and radiographically.

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Li, Shuiping, Shilin Li, Min Lin, Zuolin Li, Jinghua He, Jincheng Qiu e Jiantang Zhang. "Interleukin-17 and vascular endothelial growth factor: new biomarkers for the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis". Journal of International Medical Research 50, n. 1 (gennaio 2022): 030006052110671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211067121.

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Objective The incidences of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) have shown increasing trends. Numerous studies have shown a close relationship between the two diseases, but the exact mechanism linking PTC with HT is still unclear. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) plays an important role in the development of malignant tumors. However, information on the association between IL-17 and thyroid disease is lacking. Methods Tissue samples were collected from patients with thyroid diseases admitted to the thyroid surgery department of our hospital between May 2015 and December 2017. The characteristics of the thyroid were observed by ultrasonography, hematoxylin-eosin staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and immunohistochemistry. Results We found that HT with carcinoma (HTC) showed unique characteristics in two-dimensional ultrasound images. Moreover, IL-17 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels showed gradually increasing trends during the process of HT malignant transformation, with a significant positive correlation between the two cytokines. Serum IL-17 and VEGF levels could distinguish between HTC and HT with benign adenoma. Conclusion Our data suggest that serum IL-17 and VEGF levels may represent novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of HT malignant nodules.

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Kocer, Bilge, Hayat Guven, Isik Conkbayir, Selim Selcuk Comoglu e Sennur Delibas. "The Effect of Hyperhomocysteinemia on Motor Symptoms, Cognitive Status, and Vascular Risk in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease". Parkinson's Disease 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1589747.

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Factors related with hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and the impact of HHcy in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are not well understood. We investigated the factors associated with increased levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and the relationship between HHcy and motor symptoms, cognitive status, and vascular risk in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Among 60 patients (29 males, 48.3%) with PD, the stage of the disease, the severity of clinical symptoms, and the patients’ cognitive status were measured using a modified Hoehn and Yahr Staging Scale (mHY), Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) II and III, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), respectively. Patients were also noted for having dyskinesia and hallucinations. Serum vitamin B12, folic acid, and plasma Hcy levels were measured. Furthermore, the presence of vascular risk factors was recorded. Finally, we investigated carotid artery intima-media thickening and stenosis using colour Doppler ultrasonography as well as the presence of ischemic lesions using brain imaging techniques. Plasma Hcy levels were higher with advanced age and in males. In addition, there was an inverse relationship between Hcy and vitamin B12 levels. There was no correlation between HHcy and the stage of the disease, severity of motor symptoms, cognitive status as assessed by the MMSE, vascular risk factors, carotid artery atherosclerotic findings, and ischemic brain lesions. Plasma Hcy levels may rise due to several factors in PD. However, the resulting HHcy has no significant effect on the clinical picture in terms of motor features, cognitive status, and vascular diseases.

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Yamashita, Yasunobu, Takanori Yoshikawa, Hirofumi Yamazaki, Yuki Kawaji, Takashi Tamura, Keiichi Hatamaru, Masahiro Itonaga et al. "A Novel Endoscopic Ultrasonography Imaging Technique for Depicting Microcirculation in Pancreatobiliary Lesions without the Need for Contrast-Enhancement: A Prospective Exploratory Study". Diagnostics 11, n. 11 (30 ottobre 2021): 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11112018.

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Detective flow imaging endoscopic ultrasonography (DFI-EUS) provides a new method to image and detect fine vessels and low-velocity blood flow without using ultrasound contrast agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of DFI-EUS for pancreatobiliary lesions and lymph nodes. Between January 2019 and January 2020, 53 patients who underwent DFI-EUS, e-FLOW EUS, and contrast-enhanced EUS were enrolled. The ability of DFI-EUS and e-FLOW EUS to detect vessels was compared with that of contrast-enhanced EUS. This article describes the DFI technique along with our first experience of its use for vascular assessment of pancreatobiliary lesions. Vessels were imaged in 34 pancreatic solid lesions, eight intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), seven gall bladder lesions, and four swollen lymph nodes. DFI-EUS (91%) was significantly superior to e-FLOW EUS (53%) with respect to detection of vessels (p < 0.001) and for discrimination of mural nodules from mucous clots in IPMN and gallbladder lesions from sludge (p = 0.046). Thus, DFI-EUS has the potential to become an essential tool for diagnosis and vascular assessment of various diseases.

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Girona, Josefa, Cèlia Rodríguez-Borjabad, Daiana Ibarretxe, Joan-Carles Vallvé, Raimon Ferré, Mercedes Heras, Ricardo Rodríguez-Calvo et al. "The Circulating GRP78/BiP Is a Marker of Metabolic Diseases and Atherosclerosis: Bringing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress into the Clinical Scenario". Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, n. 11 (26 ottobre 2019): 1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111793.

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Background: Glucose-regulated protein 78/Binding immunoglobulin protein (GRP78/BiP) is a protein associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and is upregulated by metabolic alterations at the tissue-level, such as hypoxia or glucose deprivation, and it is hyper-expressed in fat tissue of obese individuals. Objective: To investigate the role of the GRP78/BiP level as a metabolic and vascular disease biomarker in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM), obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: Four hundred and five patients were recruited, of whom 52.5% were obese, 72.8% had DM, and 78.6% had MS. The intimae media thickness (cIMT) was assessed by ultrasonography. The plasma GRP78/BiP concentration was determined, and its association with metabolic and vascular parameters was assessed. Circulating GRP78/BiP was also prospectively measured in 30 DM patients before and after fenofibrate/niacin treatment and 30 healthy controls. Results: In the cross-sectional study, the GRP78/BiP level was significantly higher in the patients with obesity, DM, and MS. Age-, gender- and BMI-adjusted GRP78/BiP was directly associated with LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, apoB, and cIMT. GRP78/BiP was positively associated to carotid plaque presence in the adjusted model, irrespective of obesity, DM and MS. In the prospective study, nicotinic acid treatment produced a significant reduction in the GRP78/BiP levels that was not observed with fenofibrate. Conclusions: GRP78/BiP plasma concentrations are increased in patients with both metabolic derangements and subclinical atherosclerosis. GRP78/BiP could be a useful marker of metabolic and cardiovascular risk.

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Kawamoto, T., M. Ogasawara, Y. Mastuki-Muramoto, M. Harada, E. Hayashi, M. Matsushita, K. Yamaji e N. Tamura. "AB0717 DIAGNOSIS OF CRANIAL GIANT CELL ARTERITIS IN JAPAN USING VASCULAR ULTRASONOGRAPHY COMBINED WITH OTHER COMPLEMENTARY IMAGING METHODS". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (30 maggio 2023): 1563.2–1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.1942.

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BackgroundThe utility of vascular ultrasonography (v-US) was proved recently in European countries, due to which the technology, diagnosis, and classification methods have been spreading. However, the use of v-US is not prevalent in Japan. Therefore, giant cell arteritis (GCA) is usually diagnosed by combining v-US with other imaging methods scrupulously. Furthermore, progressive Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) technologies, increased use of Positron Emission Tomography (PET-CT), and a high population with Takayasu disease are found in Japan.ObjectivesGiant cell arteritis of cranial type (c-GCA) can quickly lead to blindness and stroke. Therefore, a rapid and appropriate diagnostic method is required to differentiate between c-GCA cases and those mimicking c-GCA. Thus, we aimed to construct a diagnostic method for c-GCA by optimizing the available imaging methods in Japan and using v-US as a diagnosing method from Europe.MethodsWe targeted 56 patients with suspected GCA, who visited our hospital from 2019 to 2022. v-US had been performed previously in all patients and 23 patients were diagnosed with GCA. These GCA patients were classified as c-GCA vs c-GCA + Large vessel (LV)-GCA vs LV-GCA in the ratio 11: 6: 6. In this study, we established 17 cases as c-GCA, and the other 39 as mimic cases using clinical and imaging methods. Furthermore, we analyzed and compared 31 patients evaluated with v-US from 2021 to 2022 using a vascular map, which was originally made by us and we were making maps for blood flow and writing down clinical symptoms evaluated at three stages.ResultsThe sensitivity of the imaging methods to c-GCA patients was high for v-US (82.3%), Temporal artery biopsy (TAB) (78.6%), and CTA (71.4%) and low for PET-CT (50.0%) and Magnetic resonance imaging angiography (MRI/A) (38.5%). However, we did not use a contrast agent for MRI/A because our main objective to perform MRI/A was to distinguish cerebral infarction. The match rate of the imaging methods between v-US and PET-CT was 87.5% (CTA: 71.4%, TAB and v-US: 64.3%, and CTA: 63.6%). Among the 39 mimic cases, 15 cases were found to be Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR), 6 cases were LV-GCA, 5 cases were chronic headache, and others were collagen diseases, including 2 cases of Takayasu diseases. In 31 cases (10 cases of c-GCA and 21 mimic cases) from 2021 to 2022, halo sign of v-US (p-value: 0.01), jaw claudication (p-value: 0.02), and temporal headache on both sides (p-value: 0.01) were significant statistically.ConclusionIn this study, we constructed a flowchart to diagnose c-GCA in Japan using v-US and other complementary imaging methods. First, we distinguished GCA cases from mimic cases with high precision. Thereafter, we combined imaging methods, which contributed highly to diagnosis in our results. Lastly, we considered the accommodation of TAB. We have started using this flowchart, and this contribute to be higher rate of diagnosing GCA and decreasing blindness and stroke.References[1]Ponte C, Grayson PC, Robson JC, et al.. 2022 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR classification criteria for giant cell arteritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2022;81(12):1647–1653.[2]Ponte C, Martins-Martinho J, Luqmani RA. Diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. Rheumatol. (Oxf. Engl.). 2020;59(Suppl 3);Suppl 3:iii5–iii16.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.

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Hope, William W., Devan Griner, David Weatherford, Thomas V. Clancy, Laura L. Currie e James D. Hundley. "Dynamic Ultrasound and Treadling: Novel Approaches to Assess and Improve Lower Extremity Circulation". American Surgeon 77, n. 8 (agosto 2011): 1091–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481107700834.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel treatment of peripheral vascular disease through treadling and to report a dynamic vascular ultrasound technique. After informed consent, 17 volunteers were enrolled in the study. Ultrasound was used to measure venous and arterial waveforms at the superficial femoral artery and vein in the subject's right thigh during a 5-minute baseline evaluation (resting), a 10-minute treadling period, and a 5-minute cool down period. Comparisons between flow velocities were made during the three trial periods using a Repeated Measures Mixed Linear Model test with P < 0.05 considered significant. Twenty-six examinations were performed on subjects with an average age of 37 years (range, 25-75 years). Significant increases in maximum and minimum arterial and venous flow velocities during the treadling time compared with the resting and cool down period were observed ( P < 0.0001) with no change in the subjects’ vital signs. We found no significant difference in maximum and minimum arterial and venous flow velocities between the resting and cool down period ( P > 0.05). There were no untoward side effects, and all subjects were able to complete the protocol. Low-resistance treadling is safe and improves venous and arterial flow. Dynamic peripheral ultrasonography is a viable technique to assess flow during treadling. Potential future implications of this study include the evaluation, treatment, and management of lower extremity vascular and chronic diseases and more sensitive peripheral vascular sonography through dynamic ultrasound.

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