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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Variations non codantes"
Bardini, Thierry. "Variations sur l’insignifiant génétique : les métaphores du (non-)code". Hors dossier, n. 3 (9 agosto 2011): 162–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1005473ar.
Testo completoBehm-Ansmant, I., N. Rouard, A. Stefani, S. Roblin e G. Vogin. "Réponse transcriptionnelle radio-induite de fibroblastes sains : un premier répertoire large de variations d’épissage alternatif et d’expression d’ARNm et non codants". Cancer/Radiothérapie 21, n. 6-7 (ottobre 2017): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canrad.2017.08.080.
Testo completoMULSANT, P. "Glossaire général". INRAE Productions Animales 24, n. 4 (8 settembre 2011): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2011.24.4.3273.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Variations non codantes"
Masson, Aymeric. "Approches multi-omiques des anomalies transcriptionnelles dans les maladies rares du développement". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCI006.
Testo completoGene expression occurs through the transcription process in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, which produces RNAs, essential intermediates for protein formation. RNA synthesis and fate are controlled by a complex network of factors, among which are regulatory non-coding DNA sequences that ensure precise spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNP), able to bind RNA molecules and contributing to their maturation, stability, and localization.The current standard approach for molecular exploration of patients with developmental disorders (DD) and/or intellectual disabilities (ID) uses a combination of chromosomal analysis using DNA microarrays, fragile X testing, exome sequencing, and more recently, genome sequencing to establish a molecular diagnosis. These approaches yield a diagnostic yield of less than 50% for DD/ID. However, the analyses sometimes reveal the presence of variations of uncertain significance in candidate genes not yet implicated in human pathology. Functional tests are then necessary to establish a correct genotype-phenotype correlation. In this way, pathogenic variations have been identified in two candidate genes encoding hnRNPs involved in RNA metabolism: PTBP1 and PTBP2. The aim of this first study is to describe the cellular pathophysiological mechanism related to transcriptional defects causing syndromic (for PTBP1) or non-syndromic (for PTBP2) neurodevelopmental impairment using in vitro and in vivo functional molecular approaches including RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq) in a cohort of affected individuals.In some cases, genomic analysis identifiy complex structural variations that can disrupt the sequence of a dosage-sensitive gene, alter the activity of an enhancer, or exert position effects on gene expression by altering enhancer/target gene interactions. These molecular communications are facilitated within topological associating domains (TADs), which play an important role in tissue-specific transcriptional regulation. Consequently, any structural variation that reorganizes TADs (fusion, shuffling or even new TAD) can lead to an alteration in gene expression. In this context, the goal of this second research project is to characterize, through high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), the complex rearrangements in patients reorganizing the structure of TADs. Combined with other omic techniques such as long fragment sequencing, transcriptomic or epigenomic analysis, this approach allows the study of the underlying molecular mechanisms on different cellular models derived from affected individuals.These research efforts highlight the physiopathological impact of punctual and structural genetic variations on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of target genes and pave the way for new biological hypotheses in the context of translational research in human pathology
Dancer, Marine. "Étude de la régulation de la triglycéridémie chez l’homme par des variants codants de LMF1 et non codants d’APOC3 et LMF1". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1126/document.
Testo completoHyperchylomicronemia is a rare and complex disease involving several genes which are themselves highly regulated by several mechanisms and whose metabolic pathways are closely dependent on environmental factors. The occurrence of this disease due to the presence of variants or a combination of variants on these genes is not always clearly defined. This suggests the intervention of other ill-defined mechanisms in the development of hyperchylomicronemia and the regulation of triglyceride metabolism. We have tried to understand certain causal mechanisms in the occurrence of hyperchylomicronemia in relation to the presence of variants on the APOC3 and LMF1 known regulatory genes of triglyceride metabolism. APOC3 gene carries the SstI variant (rs5128) in the 3' untranslated region significantly associated with hypertriglyceridemia in our cohort. We sought to characterize its possible post-transcriptional regulation by hepatic or intestinal microRNA. Our results obtained in vitro do not support the hypothesis of a regulation of the SstI variant of the APOC3 gene by a hepatic or intestinal microRNA directly targeting the 3'UTR of APOC3 gene. LMF1 gene, a new candidate gene for studying the mechanisms of hyperchylomicronaemias, is still under investigation. We have established its genetic diagnosis in the laboratory and set up an in vitro method to evaluate the impact of LMF1 coding variants by measuring the release of post-heparin lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. We found decreased LPL activities suggesting a LMF1 dysfunction in the presence of variants p.Gly172Arg (rs201406396), p.Arg354Trp (rs143076454), p.Arg364Gln (rs35168378), and the two nonsense variants already described p.Tyr439Ter (rs121909397) and p.Trp464Ter (rs587777626). This study confirms the functional effect of LMF1 variants on the regulation of LPL secretion. In addition, we found 18 variants on the 3' untranslated region of LMF1 gene. For three variants : c*231C>A (rs75476513), c*512G>A (rs117039680), and c*530G>A (rs139657279), in vitro results suggest a post-transcriptional regulation by microRNA. These findings are an involvement of these untranslated variants in the occurrence of hypertriglyceridemia.Thus, complex interrelations of multiple genes involved in triglyceride metabolism and their simultaneous multi-level regulation modulate the phenotype of hyperchylomicronemic patients. It is necessary to study all the complex mechanisms involved in the regulation of triglyceridemia in order to better understand pathophysiology of hyperchylomicronemia and to develop new therapeutic targets
Lalaouna, David. "Role d' ARN non codants régulateurs dans l' adaptation de Pseudomonas brassicacearum à la rhizosphère et aux fluctuations de l' environnement". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4006.
Testo completoThe plant-beneficial bacterium Pseudomonas brassicacearum forms phenotypic variants in vitro as well as in planta during root colonisation under natural conditions. Transcriptome analysis of typical phenotypic variants using microarrays containing coding as well as non-coding DNA fragments showed differential expression of several genes relevant to secondary metabolism and of the small non-coding RNA (ncRNA) genes rsmX, rsmY and rsmZ, which was characterized by down-regulation. Naturally occurring mutations in the GacS/GacA two-component system accounted for phenotypic switching. The importance of these ncRNAs in the survival of the bacteria to changing environments is denoted by the duplication of rsmX gene, which we called rsmX-2 and whose function has been validated. Our data suggest an exclusive activation of rsmX-1 and rsmX-2 genes by GacA and the involvement of additional regulators in the case of rsmY and rsmZ. Given the functional redundancy of these ncRNAs, we investigated their expression level and stability in different culture conditions and showed differences for the four ncRNAs. In response to nutrient depletion, the four ncRNAs expression is strongly activated and reaches its maximum when the ppGpp is detected in bacterial cells, suggesting a link between the Gac/Rsm system and the "stringent" response. Determining the level of each Rsm ncRNA, which is defined by a balance between synthesis and degradation of each transcript, shows the maintenance of a very important pool of RsmZ compared to other ncRNAs
Li, Jia. "Identifier les variations conduisant au cancer dans le génome non codant et du transcriptome". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS161/document.
Testo completoFunctional annotation of somatic mutations have been a consistent hotspot of cancer genomics studies. In the past, researchers preferentially focused on mutations in the coding fraction of the genome, for which ample bioinformatics tools were developed to distinguish cancer-driver mutations from neutral ones. In recent years, as an increasing number of variants were being identified as disease-associated in the non-coding genome, interpreting non-coding cancer mutations has become an urgent task. The completion of large scale projects such as ENCODE, has made functional interpretation of cancer variants achievable, and several programs were produced based on this functional information. However, there still exists some limitations as to these prediction tools, such as low prediction accuracy, lack of cancer mutation information and significant ascertainment bias. In chapter 2 of this thesis, in order to functionally interpret non-coding mutations in cancer, we developed two independent random forest models, referred to as SNP and SOM. Given a combination of features at a given genome positions, the SNP model predicts the expected fraction of rare SNPs (a measure of negative selection), and the SOM model predicts the expected mutation density at this position. We applied our two models to score these non-coding disease-associated clinvariant and HGMD variants and a set of random control SNPs. Results showed that disease-associated variants were scored higher than control SNPs with the SNP model and lower than control SNPs with the SOM model, supporting our hypothesis that purifying selection as measured by fraction of rare SNPs and mutation density is informative for the evaluation of the functional impact of cancer mutations in the non-coding genome. In the past, researchers have preferentially considered protein-coding genes as critical to the initiation and progression of cancers. However, recent evidences have shown that ncRNAs, in particular lncRNAs, are actively implicated in various cancer processes. A chapter of this thesis is devoted to this class of non-coding transcripts. Similar to protein coding genes, there might be a large number of lncRNAs with cancer-driving functions. The development of bioinformatics tools to prioritize them has become a new focus of research for computational oncologists.The last part of this thesis is devoted to the implementation of methods for discovering potential cancer-driving non-coding elements in lncRNA and protein-coding genes. We applied three scoring tools, CADD, funSeq2, GWAVA, together with our SNP and SOM scoring systems to prioritize cancer-associated elements using a permutation-based algorithm. For each locus, we compute the average score of all observed variants using one of the models, and we randomly take the same number of variants and compute their average score 1 million times to form a null distribution and obtain a P value for this locus. To validate our hypothesis and permutation model, we tested this system on 61 cancer-related lncRNA and 452 cancer genes using somatic mutation data from liver cancer, lung cancer, CLL and melanoma. We observed that both cancer lncRNAs and protein-coding genes had significantly lower average P values than total lncRNAs and protein-coding genes in all cases. Applying the permutation test to lncRNAs with five different scoring systems enabled us to prioritize hundreds to thousands of cancer-related lncRNA candidates. These candidates can be used for future experimental validation
Mir, Ashfaq Ali. "Variations structurales du génome et du transcriptome humains induites par les rétrotransposons LINE-1". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nice, 2015. http://theses.unice.fr/2015NICE4106.
Testo completoRetrotransposons are mobile genetics elements, which form almost half of our genome. Only the L1HS subfamily of the Long Interspersed Element-1 class (LINE-1 or L1) has retained the ability to jump autonomously in humans. Their mobilization in the germline – but also in some somatic tissues – contributes to human genetic diversity and to diseases, such as cancer. L1 reactivation can be directly mutagenic by disrupting genes or regulatory sequences. In addition, L1 sequences themselves contain many regulatory cis-elements. Thus, L1 insertions near a gene or within intronic sequences can also produce more subtle genic alterations. To explore L1-mediated genic alterations in a genome-wide manner, we have developed a dedicated RNA-seq analysis software able to identify L1 chimeric or antisense transcripts and to annotate these novel isoforms with their associated alternative splicing events. During the course of this work, it appeared that understanding the link between L1HS insertion polymorphisms and phenotype or disease requires a comprehensive view of the different L1HS copies present in a given individual or sample. To provide a comprehensive summary of L1HS insertion polymorphisms identified in healthy or pathological human samples and published in peer-reviewed journals, we developed euL1db, the European database of L1HS retrotransposon insertions in humans. This work will help understanding the overall impact of L1 insertions on gene expression, at a genome-wide scale
Bailly, Jean-Luc. "Etude de la variation phénotypique et génétique des ECHO virus, en prenant pour modèle l'ECHO virus type 25". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF1MM09.
Testo completoMir, Ashfaq Ali. "Variations structurales du génome et du transcriptome humains induites par les rétrotransposons LINE-1". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4106.
Testo completoRetrotransposons are mobile genetics elements, which form almost half of our genome. Only the L1HS subfamily of the Long Interspersed Element-1 class (LINE-1 or L1) has retained the ability to jump autonomously in humans. Their mobilization in the germline – but also in some somatic tissues – contributes to human genetic diversity and to diseases, such as cancer. L1 reactivation can be directly mutagenic by disrupting genes or regulatory sequences. In addition, L1 sequences themselves contain many regulatory cis-elements. Thus, L1 insertions near a gene or within intronic sequences can also produce more subtle genic alterations. To explore L1-mediated genic alterations in a genome-wide manner, we have developed a dedicated RNA-seq analysis software able to identify L1 chimeric or antisense transcripts and to annotate these novel isoforms with their associated alternative splicing events. During the course of this work, it appeared that understanding the link between L1HS insertion polymorphisms and phenotype or disease requires a comprehensive view of the different L1HS copies present in a given individual or sample. To provide a comprehensive summary of L1HS insertion polymorphisms identified in healthy or pathological human samples and published in peer-reviewed journals, we developed euL1db, the European database of L1HS retrotransposon insertions in humans. This work will help understanding the overall impact of L1 insertions on gene expression, at a genome-wide scale
Barcons, Simon Anna. "Clonally variant non-coding RNA family and its role in Plasmodium falciparum antigenic variation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS042.pdf.
Testo completoAntigenic variation is an immune evasion mechanism used by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to establish prolonged infection. It prevents parasite clearance by switching the display of variant surface antigens encoded by the 60-member var gene family. Blood stage parasites express var genes in a mutually exclusive manner, with a single var active at a given time, ensuring that the immune system remains naive to a parasite sub-population. Despite multiple factors known to be involved in default var gene silencing, such as histone modifications and nuclear architecture, a specific activation factor has not been identified yet. In this thesis work, a polymerase III-transcribed family of GC-rich ncRNA was explored as a candidate regulatory factor of var gene activation. The GC-rich ncRNA family consists of 15 homologous members positioned adjacent to chromosome-central var genes. RNA FISH analysis revealed that the GC-rich ncRNA is targeted to the var expression site in trans. Overexpression of one GC-rich ncRNA member overrules singular var expression and induces transcription of a specific subset of var genes. We developed a dead Cas9 system aiming to target transcription of all GC-rich members. Strikingly, transcriptional blocking of all GC-rich members by CRISPR interference results in down-regulation of var transcription to background levels. Our data support a role of this ncRNA in the activation process of var genes. Moreover, we show that the GC-rich ncRNA gene family is clonally variant, indicating that this may determine switch rate and switch order of the var gene family. We developed a robust ChIRP (chromatin isolation by RNA purification) protocol that allowed us to identify potential chromatin binding regions and interacting partners of this ncRNA family. The validation of several promising candidate proteins obtained my mass spectrometry is ongoing. Furthermore, we investigated whether the gene loci of these ncRNAs display long-range interactions using a chromosome conformation capture technique. We obtained evidence that the gene loci of these ncRNAs display long-range interactions between them and can thus play a role in nuclear spatial foci organization. This study provides the first functional link between Pol III and Pol II transcription in the process of mutually exclusive expression of virulence genes. Moreover, exploring this ncRNA is a key step in unveiling the process of immune evasion and pathogenesis of P. falciparum
Diffendall, Gretchen. "Deciphering the role of an RNA Pol III-transcribed non-coding RNA in Plasmodium falciparum". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS443.pdf.
Testo completoThe protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum is the causative agent of the deadliest form of human malaria. This pathogen uses monoallelic expression of variant surface adhesion molecules, encoded by the var gene family, to evade the host immune system and cause pathogenesis. It remains unclear how monoallelic expression of var gene activation works at the molecular level and if environmental factors can modulate var gene expression. Our laboratory showed a Pol III transcribed GC-rich non-coding RNA gene family, termed RUF6, acts as a trans-activator of var genes. A physical association between the transcribed RUF6 ncRNA and the active var gene locus was observed through FISH. Transcriptional repression of all RUF6 by a specific CRISPR interference strategy resulted in transcriptional down regulation of the entire var gene family, suggesting a potential enhancer-like function to var gene expression. An understanding of how RUF6 ncRNA mediates var gene activation is lacking. Here we developed a robust RNA-directed proteomic discovery (ChIRP-MS) protocol to identify in vivo RUF6 ncRNA protein interactions. Biotinylated antisense oligonucleotides were used to purify the RUF6 ncRNA interactome. Mass spectrometry identified several uniquely enriched proteins that are linked to gene transcription such as RNA Pol II subunits, nucleosome assembly proteins, and a homologue of the Dead-Box Helicase 5 (DDX5). Affinity purification of PfDDX5 identified several proteins originally found by our RUF6-ChIRP protocol, validating the robustness of the technique for the identification of ncRNA interactomes in P. falciparum. Inducible displacement of nuclear Pf-DDX5 resulted in the significant down-regulation of the active var gene. Our work identifies a RUF6 ncRNA protein complex that interacts with RNA Pol II to sustain var gene expression. We postulate that DDX5 helicase may resolve G-quadruplex secondary structures highly enriched in var genes to facilitate transcriptional activation and progression. Furthermore, we discovered environmental factors that trigger downregulation of var gene transcription. We observe that isoleucine starvation and high MgCl2 concentrations in the medium inhibit RNA Polymerase III transcribed genes. Importantly, this includes a P. falciparum-specific regulatory ncRNA gene family (encoded by the RUF6 gene family) that is a key regulator in var gene activation. We identified a homologous gene to the highly conserved eukaryotic Maf1, as a negative effector of RUF6 ncRNA transcription. Elevated MgCl2 concentrations led to a shift of cytoplasmic PfMaf1 to the nuclear compartment. We used an inducible protein degradation system to show that external stimuli depend on PfMaf1 to trigger lower expression of RUF6 genes. Our results point to a TOR independent pathway that responds to changes in the environment and represses Pol III transcription. This work provides new and important conceptual insights into PfMaf1-dependent repression of parasite virulence that may be highly relevant for establishing subclinical parasite persistence in the dry season. Taken together, these results help to better understand the function and regulation of a ncRNA involved in regulating the antigenic variation and pathogenesis in P. falciparum. Our validation of the ChIRP-MS technique allows for future studies in identifying RNA-binding proteins for ncRNAs whose function remains to be fully characterized
Strazielle, Nathalie. "Apport de l'analyse de l'ARN messager dans l'étude des variations d'expression de la gamma-glutamyltransferase et des cytochromes P-450 chez le rat : application aux phénomènes d'induction hépatique et d'ontogénèse dans le cerveau". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL124N.
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