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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Variational pragmatic"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 7 settembre 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Variational pragmatic"

Clancy, Brian. "Complementary perspectives on hedging behaviour in family discourse". International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 16, n. 3 (24 ottobre 2011): 371–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.16.3.05cla.

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This paper argues that corpus linguistics offers a methodology which benefits variational pragmatic analysis in a number of ways. Corpus linguistic tools such as word frequency lists allow the researcher to construct a detailed “pragmatic profile” of a word, cluster or act. This, coupled with the fact that most corpora are constructed to be representative of a particular language variety, facilitates an accurate account of language-use differences across various social categories. Pragmatic analysis relies heavily on context for its interpretation. Therefore, an illustrative case study of two corpora representing spoken language recorded in the home environment, one from a middle class Irish family and one from a family from the Irish Traveller Community will be utilised in order to elucidate the benefits of the synergy of corpus linguistics and variational pragmatics. Specifically, the variational distribution of the occurrences of hedges across these two distinct cultural groupings will be examined.

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Romero-Trillo, Jesús. "Understanding Pragmatic Markers: A Variational Pragmatic Approach". Journal of Pragmatics 74 (dicembre 2014): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2014.08.007.

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Rühlemann, Christoph. "Review: Karin Aijmer. Understanding pragmatic markers. A variational pragmatic approach". ICAME Journal 38, n. 1 (28 aprile 2014): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/icame-2014-0010.

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Buysse, Lieven. "Review of Aijmer (2013): Understanding Pragmatic Markers: A Variational Pragmatic Approach". English Text Construction 7, n. 1 (28 aprile 2014): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.7.1.06buy.

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Nesselhauf, Nadja. "Review of Aijmer (2013): Understanding Pragmatic Markers. A Variational Pragmatic Approach". International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 19, n. 3 (1 settembre 2014): 436–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.19.3.07nes.

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Schneider, Klaus P. "Pragmatic variation and cultural models". Review of Cognitive Linguistics 10, n. 2 (7 dicembre 2012): 346–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.10.2.05sch.

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The present paper focuses on pragmatic variation between national varieties of English, reporting an experimental study conducted in the framework of variational pragmatics. It is argued that experimental methods such as dialogue production tasks do not reveal actual verbal behaviour, which is subject to the specific circumstances of concrete social situations, but the underlying behavioural norms of the respective sociocultural community of speakers. These norms emerge from repeated encounters with similar verbal behaviour in social situations of the same type and are collectively shared prototypical patterns of behaviour stored in cultural models in the long-term memory. Such cultural models specify what is expected and considered appropriate in a given type of situation. More particularly, they specify what can be said when and how, i.e. discourse topics, discourse positions and speech act realizations, as is exemplified in the empirical study reported on.

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Schröder, Anne, e Klaus P. Schneider. "Variational pragmatics, responses to thanks, and the specificity of English in Namibia". English World-Wide 39, n. 3 (2 novembre 2018): 338–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.00017.sch.

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Abstract In the framework of variational pragmatics, the focus so far has been on L1-varieties of English, and the present paper introduces this area of research into the wider field of World Englishes. It presents first results from a larger questionnaire study on a number of pragmatic variables in Namibian English (NamE), a variety of English that only recently has aroused the interest of a number of researchers because of its unique history and complex variety status. The study employs methods successfully applied in variational pragmatics and describes the realization of responses to thanks in NamE in comparison to three L1-varieties of English. As the paper shows, NamE differs from these varieties in various ways. It argues that these differences, although possibly being more in degree than in kind, nevertheless index local Namibian solutions in the complex linguistic ecology of the speech community. The results of the study furthermore show that some of the results reported for the L1-varieties need to be reconsidered in view of the Namibian data.

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Nilsson, Jenny, Stefan Norrthon, Jan Lindström e Camilla Wide. "Greetings as social action in Finland Swedish and Sweden Swedish service encounters – a pluricentric perspective". Intercultural Pragmatics 15, n. 1 (23 febbraio 2018): 57–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ip-2017-0030.

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Abstract While greetings are performed in all cultures and open most conversations, previous studies suggest that there are cross-cultural differences between different languages in greeting behavior. But do speakers of different national varieties of the same language organize and perform their greeting behavior in similar ways? In this study, we investigate the sequential organization of greetings in relation to gaze behavior in the two national varieties of Swedish: Sweden Swedish spoken in Sweden and Finland Swedish spoken in Finland. In recent years, the importance of studying pluricentric languages from a pragmatic perspective has been foregrounded, not least within the framework of variational pragmatics. To date, most studies have focused on structural differences between national varieties of pluricentric languages. With this study, we extend the scope of variational pragmatics through adding an interactional, micro perspective to the broader macro analysis typical of this field. For this study, we have analyzed patterns for greetings in 297 video-recorded service encounters, where staff and customers interact at theatre box offices and event booking venues in Sweden and Finland. The study shows that there are similarities and differences in greeting behavior between varieties. There is a strong preference for exchanging reciprocal verbal greetings, one at a time, in both. There is also a similar organization of the greeting sequence, where customer and staff establish mutual gaze prior to the verbal greetings, thus signaling availability for interaction. The duration of mutual gaze and the timing of the greeting, however, differ between the two varieties. We have also conducted a multi modal analysis of gaze behavior in correlation to the greeting. We found that the customers and staff in the Finland Swedish data share mutual gaze before and during the verbal greeting, and often avert gaze after the verbal greetings. However, in the Sweden Swedish data, the participants often avert gaze before the verbal greetings. Our results thus indicate that both similarities and differences in pragmatic routines and bodily behavior exist between the two national varieties of Swedish. The present study on greeting practices in Finland Swedish and Sweden Swedish should contribute to the field of variational pragmatics and to the development of pluricentric theory.

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Batool, Safeera, Muhammad Aslam Noor, Riaz Ahmad, Ilyas Khan e Mulugeta Andualem. "Novel Algorithms for Solving a System of Absolute Value Variational Inequalities". Journal of Function Spaces 2022 (7 aprile 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7572918.

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The goal of this paper is to study a new system of a class of variational inequalities termed as absolute value variational inequalities. Absolute value variational inequalities present a rational, pragmatic, and novel framework for investigating a wide range of equilibrium problems that arise in a variety of disciplines. We first develop a system of absolute value auxiliary variational inequalities to calculate the approximate solution of the system of absolute variational inequalities, and then by employing the projection technique, we prove the existence of solutions of the system of absolute value auxiliary variational inequalities. By utilizing an auxiliary principle and the existence result, we propose several new iterative algorithms for solving the system of absolute value auxiliary variational inequalities in the frame of four different operators. Furthermore, the convergence of the proposed algorithms is investigated in a thorough manner. The efficiency and supremacy of the proposed schemes is exhibited through some special cases of the system of absolute value variational inequalities and an illustrative example. The results presented in this paper are more general and rehash a number of some previously published findings in this field.

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Murphy, Bróna. "Exploring response tokens in Irish English — a multidisciplinary approach". International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 17, n. 3 (31 dicembre 2012): 325–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.17.3.02mur.

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Schneider & Barron (2008) discuss the effect of macro-social factors such as region, ethnic background, age, social status and gender on intra-lingual pragmatic conventions, and state that, to date, they have received comparatively little attention in the study of pragmatics. This paper chooses two macro-social factors, age and gender, and focuses on how they impact on the use of response tokens in Irish English. Not only does the paper shed light on the use of variational pragmatics as a framework for corpus-based studies but it also brings together research on sociolinguistics and corpus linguistics, which has, to-date, been scarce (Baker 2010). The paper reveals the importance of avoiding the exploration of sociolinguistic variables in isolation and concludes by highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary research and the merits of fine-grained sociolinguistic investigations using small corpora.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Variational pragmatic"

Zhang, Phyllis Ni. "Word order variation and end focus in Chinese : pragmatic functions /". Access Digital Full Text version, 1994. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/11714827.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1994.
Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Clifford A. Hill. Dissertation Committee: Franklin E. Horowitz. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-128).

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Lunn, Nicholas P. Heimerdinger Jean-Marc. "Word-order variation in biblical Hebrew poetry : differentiating pragmatic poetics /". Carlisle : Paternoster press, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410779456.

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Bok, Hyerim. "Étude contrastive de la politesse linguistique à travers des appellatifs en Corée du Nord et du Sud". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUL055.pdf.

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Notre étude se focalise sur les variations linguistiques entre la Corée du Nord et du Sud, en adoptant une perspective pragmatique variationnelle sur l'emploi des appellatifs honorifiques. Le but de notre analyse est de révéler comment les appellatifs honorifiques, éléments indispensables de la politesse en coréen, divergent entre les deux Corées, reflétant des normes linguistiques, sociales et culturelles. Nous distinguons ces appellatifs en deux catégories : les appellatifs pronominaux et nominaux. Pour analyser comment ces appellatifs sont utilisés en fonction des relations interpersonnelles à travers le corpus cinématographique des deux Corées, nous prenons en considération divers paramètres tels que l'âge, le sexe, le statut social des locuteurs et la nature des relations interpersonnelles
Our study focuses on linguistic variations between North and South Korea, adopting a pragmatic variationist perspective on the use of honorific appellations. The aim of our analysis is to reveal how honorific appellations, essential elements of politeness in Korean, diverge between the two Koreas, reflecting linguistic, social, and cultural norms. We categorize these appellations into two types: pronominal and nominal. To analyze how these honorifics are employed based on interpersonal relationships across the cinematic corpus of both Koreas, we consider various parameters such as age, gender, social status of speakers, and the nature of interpersonal relationships

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Frohning, Dagmar. "Kausalmarker zwischen Pragmatik und Kognition : Korpusbasierte Analysen zue Variation im Deutschen /". Tübingen : M. Niemeyer, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb411394282.

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Dik, Helma. "Word order in Ancien Greek : a pragmatic account of word order variation in Herodotus /". Amsterdam : J. C. Gieben, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376236841.

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Ivanova-Sullivan, Tania Dontcheva. "Lexical variation in the Slavonic Thekara Texts: semantic and pragmatic factors in medieval translation praxis". Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1124287659.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 254 p.; also includes facsimiles, graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 196-205). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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Hoff, Mark Randall. "Settledness and Mood Alternation: A Semantic-Pragmatic Analysis of Spanish Future-Framed Adverbials". The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555349686252856.

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Lunn, Nicholas Peter. "Word order variation in Biblical Hebrew poetry : the role of pragmatics and poetics in the verbal clause". Thesis, Brunel University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401557.

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Melin, Susanna. "Thanks! You look rather dashing yourself. : A contrastive pragmatics investigation of Singaporean and American compliment responses". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-104459.

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Set within the framework of the newly established field of variational pragmatics (Schneider and Barron, 2008), this study investigates pragmatic variation between two different regional varieties of English, namely American English and Singaporean English. Specifically, the speech act of compliment responses is compared. The data were collected through written discourse completion tasks (DCT) and responses were analysed and coded using an adapted version of Holmes’ (1988) categorization system for compliment responses (CRs). The CRs come from a total of 40 participants and a total of 320 compliment responses were analysed. The DCT was supplemented by an introspective-recall with six participants. The findings demonstrate that the preferred strategy for both groups is in the order of accept, evade and reject. Even so, the Singaporeans use more reject strategies and less accept strategies than the Americans do. Further, the Americans employ more combination strategies than the Singaporeans. The Singaporeans however, employ more non-verbal and paralinguistic cues than the Americans. The results also show differences in the two varieties’ attitudes to and perceptions of compliment responses. In addition, the study suggests that compliments in Singapore might be undergoing a change. The findings are particularly important for pedagogical purposes.

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Jantjies, Wesley. "The discourse marker mos in rural varieties of Afrikaans in the Western Cape: A descriptive study of syntactic patterns and pragmatic function". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1927.

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Thesis (MA (General Linguistics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis considers the linguistic item mos as it occurs in the speech of non-standard Cape Afrikaans speakers from the rural areas of the Western Cape, namely Montague, Worcester, Robertson, Touwsrivier, De Doorns, and Beaufort West. The syntactic and pragmatic properties of mos are described, as well as its prevalence in discourse in relation to particular social factors. Properties and functions of adverbs and discourse markers, as discussed by Ponelis (1985), Schiffrin (1987, 2001), and Fraser (1993, 1999, 2001), are applied to mos in terms of its syntactic characterisation as an adverb and as a discourse marker. The pragmatic analysis of mos is based on the analysis of discourse markers, such as you know in English, by Schiffrin (1987, 2001). With regard to the grammatical properties of mos, it was found that mos behaves much like an adverb in terms of syntactic distribution, yet it does not fulfil all the grammatical functions of an adverb, which is why it is being analysed as a discourse marker. The functions of mos as an adverb are restricted; mos does not perform the adverbial function of modifying verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, and prepositional phrases; rather, the entire proposition expressed by the utterance is modified or qualified by the use of mos. Its discourse marker functions follow from this property; discourse markers tend to retain the distributional properties of the syntactic category from which they are derived – in this case, the discourse marker mos is derived from the syntactic category of adverb. The position of mos within the sentence, both medial and final, is grammatically determined and has a grammatical relationship with other constituents in the sentence. This is similar for its function as adverb and as discourse marker. Mos is bound to the sentence structure, yet it may still be removed from the sentence without affecting grammaticality; however, in such an event the intended interpretation may not be as explicit. In analysing the discourse functions of mos, a number of pragmatic functions were identified: (i) mos indicates information as general knowledge and knowledge that should be known; (ii) it presents information as necessary in order for a narrative to be understood; (iii) it functions in the development of meta-knowledge in order to discover knowledge which the hearer has about a particular topic; (iv) it presents information which is to be interpreted as a causal or reason for a particular event or situation; (v) it presents a position or opinion in an argument which is to be regarded as fact; and (vi) it reveals logical relationships between two utterances.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis handel oor die linguistiese item mos soos dit in die spraak van nie-standaard Kaapse Afrikaanse sprekers in die landelike gebiede van die Wes-Kaap, naamlik Montague, Worcester, Robertson, Touwsrivier, De Doorns, en Beaufort-Wes voorkom. Die tesis beskryf die sintaktiese en pragmatiese eienskappe van mos, sowel as die effek van spesifieke sosiale faktore op die voorkoms daarvan in diskoers. Die eienskappe en funksies van bywoorde en diskoersmerkers, soos deur Ponelis (1985), Schiffrin (1987, 2001), en Fraser (1993, 1999, 2001) bespreek, word op mos toegepas in terme van sy sintaktiese karakterisering as bywoord. Die pragmatiese analise van mos is gebasseer op Schiffrin (1987, 2001) se analise van diskoersmerkers, byvoorbeeld you know ("jy weet") in Engels. Wat betref die grammatikale eienskappe van mos is daar gevind dat mos soos ‘n bywoord optree in terme van sintakties verspreiding. Dit vervul egter nie al die grammatikale funksies van ‘n bywoord nie; om daardie rede word dit as ‘n diskoersmerker ontleed. Die funksies van mos as ‘n bywoord is beperk; mos modifiseer nie werkwoorde, byvoeglikenaamwoorde, ander bywoorde, of preposisionele frases nie, maar dit modifiseer wel die algehele proposisie wat uitgedruk word deur die uiting. Die diskoersmerker-funksies volg vanuit hierdie eienskap. Diskoersmerkers is geneig om die sintaktiese gedrag van die sintaktiesie kategorie waarvan hulle afgelei is, te behou; in hierdie geval is die diskoersmerker mos afgelei vanaf die sintaktiese kategorie bywoord. Mos kan in die middel of aan die einde van die sin voorkom en sy posisie word grammatikaal bepaal. Dit is die geval vir beide sy funksie as bywoord en as diskoersmerker. Mos is verbind met die sinstruktuur (anders as ander diskoersmerkers), maar dit kan steeds uit die sin verwyder word sonder om grammatikaliteit te beïnvloed; die bedoelde interpretasie mag in so 'n geval egter minder eksplisiet wees. Met die analise van die diskoersfunksies van mos is ‘n aantal pragmatiese funksies geïdentifiseer: (i) mos dui inligting as algemene kennis aan of as inligting wat reeds bekend behoort te wees aan die gespreks genote; (ii) dit stel inligting as noodsaaklik tot die begrip van narratiewe voor; (iii) dit funksioneer in die ontwikkeling van meta-kennis; (iv) dit merk inligting weer wat as rede vir ‘n spesifieke gebeurtenis of situasie geïnterpreteer kan word; (v) dit dui ‘n posisie of ‘n opinie aan wat as feit aanvaar word in ‘n argument; en (vi) dit lê logiese verhoudings tussen uitings bloot.

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Libri sul tema "Variational pragmatic"

Schneider, Klaus P., e Anne Barron, a cura di. Variational Pragmatics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.178.

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Pichler, Heike, a cura di. Discourse-Pragmatic Variation and Change in English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781107295476.

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Félix-Brasdefer, J. César, e Dale A. Koike, a cura di. Pragmatic Variation in First and Second Language Contexts. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/impact.31.

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P, Schneider Klaus, e Barron Anne, a cura di. Variational pragmatics: A focus on regional varieties in pluricentric languages. Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2008.

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Anne, Barron, e Schneider Klaus P, a cura di. The pragmatics of Irish English. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2005.

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Hirschová, Milada. Pragmatika v češtině. V Praze: Nakladatelství Karolinum, 2013.

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author, Bužarovska Eleni, a cura di. Pragmatika: Jazik i komunikacija. Skopje: Ars Libris, 2020.

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Bammé, Arno. Von der Repräsentation zur Intervention: Variationen über John Dewey. Marburg: Metropolis-Verlag, 2013.

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Conference on New Ways of Analyzing Variation (15th 1986 Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.). Variation in language: NWAV-XV at Stanford. A cura di Denning Keith M. Stanford, Calif: Dept. of Linguistics, Stanford University, 1987.

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Lunn, Nicholas P. Word-order variation in biblical Hebrew poetry: Differentiating pragmatics and poetics. Milton Keynes, UK: Paternoster, 2006.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Variational pragmatic"

Schauer, Gila A. "Background". In Intercultural Competence and Pragmatics, 7–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44472-2_2.

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AbstractIn this chapter, I discuss terms and concepts relevant to pragmatics and intercultural competence to provide a foundation for the upcoming chapters. I begin with different definitions of pragmatics before defining subfields of pragmatics that are relevant to the present study (cross-cultural pragmatics, variational pragmatics, and interlanguage, L2 or second language pragmatics) and discussing pragmatic competence. This is followed by a discussion of various conceptualizations of culture and the relationship between culture, language and pragmatics. The final part of this chapter focuses on intercultural (communicative) competence and how it relates to pragmatics.

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Schröder, Anne, e Klaus P. Schneider. "Chapter 9. A variational pragmatic approach to responses to thanks in Namibian English". In The Dynamics of English in Namibia, 195–215. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g65.09sch.

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Schneider, Klaus P., e Anne Barron. "Where pragmatics and dialectology meet: Introducing variational pragmatics". In Variational Pragmatics, 1–32. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.178.02sch.

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Barron, Anne. "The structure of requests in Irish English and English English". In Variational Pragmatics, 35–67. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.178.04bar.

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O'Keeffe, Anne, e Svenja Adolphs. "Response tokens in British and Irish discourse: Corpus, context and variational pragmatics". In Variational Pragmatics, 69–98. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.178.05ok.

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Schneider, Klaus P. "Small talk in England, Ireland, and the USA". In Variational Pragmatics, 99–139. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.178.06sch.

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Jautz, Sabine. "Gratitude in British and New Zealand radio programmes: Nothing but gushing?" In Variational Pragmatics, 141–78. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.178.07jau.

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Plevoets, Koen, Dirk Speelman e Dirk Geeraerts. "The distribution of T/V pronouns in Netherlandic and Belgian Dutch". In Variational Pragmatics, 181–209. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.178.09ple.

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Muhr, Rudolf. "The pragmatics of a pluricentric language: A comparison between Austrian German and German German". In Variational Pragmatics, 211–44. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.178.10muh.

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Warga, Muriel. "Requesting in German as a pluricentric language". In Variational Pragmatics, 245–66. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.178.11war.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Variational pragmatic"

Kalinin, Oleg. "Cross-Cultural Variation Of Conceptual Metaphors In Russian And Chinese". In X International Conference “Word, Utterance, Text: Cognitive, Pragmatic and Cultural Aspects”. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.08.68.

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Singh, M., D. Voleti, R. Reddy e A. S. Aldahmani. "Carbonate Rock Typing: Challenges, Mitigations and Pragmatic Workflows". In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216057-ms.

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Abstract Carbonate rock typing is a fundamental to capture the variation of several static, dynamic petrophysical properties driven by depositional and diagenetic overprint, thus, is an important input for controlling the reservoir properties. Since rock undergoes varying degree of diagenesis, therefore, establishing a simple relationship of geology with petrophysics is difficult. This paper highlights challenges, mitigations, quality checks, while defining carbonate rock types from core to log domain, preserving desired heterogeneity through robust schemes and workflows. The fundamental to rock typing relies upon measuring all desired discriminating geology parameters (texture, cementation, dissolution, pore type, grain size, grain sorting etc.), petrophysical parameters (Phi, K, ρma, PTR, FRF, Pc) and log responses (quad-combo, NMR, Images, Elemental Yields etc.) at a common depth, with regular interval capturing all facies. Removing outliers and harmonizing core geological-petrophysical measurements and logs is a key. The rock-typing workflow generates Static Rock Types (SRT) in core domain by integrating Petrophysical Groups (PG) with Candidate Rock Type (CRT), then propagating to 1D log domain in all wells and finally distributing in 3D space using geological concept. Several data synthesis steps, challenges and quality checks while integrating PGs, CRTs to define SRTs in core and log domain shall be presented. This rock typing approach is pragmatic for the fact that it: (a) defines rock types by capturing geological processes and integrating with static and dynamic petrophysics from core and log scales; and (b) provides a systematic approach from core to 3D field model for variable data scale and scenarios; (c) can be updated easily with enhancement in data quantity and quality during different phases of reservoir and field development. Thus, each SRT can be considered as geologically driven rock type with unique petrophysical properties like Phi, K, Pc, PTR etc. to construct reliable Saturation Height Function (SHF) Model to determine initial water saturation representing the primary drainage cycle to determine in-place hydrocarbon volumes. Disparity in any step of core and log data QC, data correction and integration between geology and petrophysics to define SRTs, would lead into inconsistency between initial water saturation (Sw) from logs, core and SHF Model. Finally, all derived geological and petrophysical variable and its uncertainties including rock types, porosity, permeability and Sw shall be captured to build reliable static and dynamic models. This novel, and versatile scheme of Carbonate Rock Typing backed up by strong quality control and systematic technical workflows and assurances has been deployed in several simple to complex carbonate reservoirs in Onshore fields of Abu Dhabi. Accordingly, the Static Model is more representative to true reservoir characterization providing better prediction from Dynamic Models, supporting field development plans through IOR & EOR Schemes.

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Al-dabbagh, Asma. "The Nature of Interpretation in Architectural criticism". In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.256.

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The expressive systems in architecture consists of two components: the system of forms and the system of meanings, these systems are linked together by unwritten rules, which are a matrix of correlations / implications that determine any meanings associated with any forms. The designer remains unsure of the possible interpretations of his design, because of the variation in the nature of meaning, discovered by the recipient, and this stems from the variation of reliance on the theory of interpretation in this regard. Many studies of architectural semiology indicate some of these theories; Classical theory believes in the natural meaning, which influenced by form's geometry, Pragmatic theory believes in the common meaning, which stems from the use of form within different contexts and according to social custom. The research attempts to explore the aspects of interpretation adopted by two critics, in order to determine the theory adopted by them, so the designer will be aware to the nature and type of meaning comprehended by viewers. The results showed the adoption of common and inclusive meanings, also showed the variation in the role of architectural Expressions in confirming or multiplying the meaning, influenced by contexts and signal types. The conclusion emphasized the importance of historical references, stylistic trend, and spatial contexts in form interpretation.

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Kanu, Akachidike, e Corina Ruiz Briceño. "A Pragmatic Approach to Sizing and Selection of Pipeline Systems in Concept Design of Deepwater Gas Development". In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78187.

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Deepwater gas pipeline development projects present unique technical challenges. These technical constraints must be considered during concept engineering to minimize total development cost and deliverability risk and effectively support early stage investment decisions. Export gas pipeline system is an important part of a deepwater gas development project and makes up a significant part of total cost of field development, given the necessity to effectively export produced gas from remote offshore location to shore. Large volume flow, long distance transport, and water depth constitute extreme operating conditions that tend to push the limits on equipment design specification and project cost. Optimal design of the pipeline system requires identifying a set of line pipe sizing and selection parameters that gives the minimum cost of both the subsea and topsides components of the fluid transport system. This paper presents an analytical study of concept design of a deep offshore gas development project involving large volume long distance product pipeline to shore. Sensitivity analysis of variation of sets of sizing parameters with development cost estimate, given the specified operating system constraints, are conducted and presented.

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Kulkarni, Davendu Y., e Luca di Mare. "Development of a New Loss Model for Turbomachinery Labyrinth Seals". In ASME 2021 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2021-76061.

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Abstract The preliminary design of labyrinth seals requires a fast and accurate estimate of the leakage flow. While the conventional bulk flow models can quickly predict labyrinth seal discharge characteristics, they lack the accuracy and pragmatism of modern CFD technique and vice-a-versa. This paper presents a new 1D loss model for straight-through gas labyrinth seals that can provide quick seal leakage flow predictions with CFD-equivalent accuracy. The present seal loss model is developed using numerical experimentation technique. Multiple CFD computations are conducted on straight-through labyrinth seal geometries for a range of pressure ratios. A distinct post-processing methodology is developed to extract the through-flow stream tube in seal. Total pressure losses and flow area variations experienced by the flow in seal stream-tube are systematically accounted for based on the well-known knife-to-knife (K2K) methodology. Regression analyses are conducted on the trends of variations of loss and area coefficients to derive the independent pressure loss and flow area correlations. These novel correlations can predict the bulk leakage flow rate, windage flow rate and inter-knife static pressures over a wide range of variation of flow and geometry parameters. Validation study shows that the leakage mass flow rate predicted by this model is accurate within ±8% of measured test data. This fast and accurate model can be employed for various applications such as, in seal design-analysis workflows, for secondary air system (SAS) performance analysis and for the rotor-dynamic and aeroelastic assessments of seals.

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Barone, Marco. "On only-pragmatically driven intonation change". In 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2020/11/0011/000426.

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The intonation system of the Italian variety of Pescara was documented and two sentence types (neutral polar questions and contrastive focus statements) were found to exhibit the same two pitch accents as allophonic variants by the old speakers. However, moving on the new generation, the variations of the two sentence types shows different evolutions: both variants are used, remaining distinct, for contrastive focus, whereas they mainly fuse into a “midway” pattern, when used for questions. The asymmetry can only be ascribed to the pragmatics and not to the phonetic forms of the patterns, as these were originally equal across the two sentence types. This suggests that polar questions are more kin to phonetic convergence than contrastive statements.

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Lu¨tzenkirchen, Johannes, Peter Vejmelka, Volker Metz e Bernhard Kienzler. "Site Specific Sorption Data for the Asse Salt Mine". In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4621.

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The focus of this contribution is to report sorption data for Asse salt mine. The purpose of the experimental program was to obtain data based on site and scenario specific considerations for use in terms of Kd-values for the emplacement rooms in performance assessment calculations. A range of materials, solutions and radionuclides was studied, including the variation of solid to liquid ratio and the effect of complexing agents with EDTA chosen as the representative. Observed sorption kinetics is compared to observations in model systems, where a fast and a subsequent slow sorption step occur. Calculations on a model system are performed assuming a similar sampling procedure as in the experimental program. It is concluded that the observed kinetics can at least partially be explained by the experimental procedure. Problems in obtaining and applying the site specific sorption coefficients in performance assessment are addressed. Special focus is in this respect on the need to develop (i) more mechanistic understanding of sorption processes in complex systems (ii) more complete sorption data sets and (iii) pragmatic sorption models capable of handling high salt concentrations.

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Araújo, Caroline Silva, Leandro Cândido de Siqueira, Bruno Leão de Brito e Emerson de Andrade Marques Ferreira. "Rotina de programação para geração de modelos BIM visando estimativas de custos". In XI SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE GESTÃO E ECONOMIA DA CONSTRUÇÃO. Antac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46421/sibragec.v11i00.84.

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This study presents a comparison between a general programming routine and a reference routine from the literature. Both routines propose a cost estimate in the initial phases of the project using generative programming associated to BIM, which involves generating a model and extracting quantitative data through Dynamo, Revit and Excel software. The purpose of this study is to refine the reference routine to allow variations in the construction model by modifying only the data inputs, without having to change the programming structure for each new modeled solution. The research strategy adopted in this work is Design Science Research (DSR), which is oriented to the solution of relevant and pragmatic real-world problems. It has been divided into the stages of awareness, suggestion, development, evaluation and completion. In order to compare the results, the structural elements (beams, slabs and pillars) of a building were modeled through the general routine. The routine presented an error of 12% in relation to the budgeted cost and was considered a viable and fast solution for the creation of BIM models for preliminary cost estimates, in order to support decisions in the initial phases of the project.

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Patil, S. A., Rasoul Moradi e Hamid M. Lankarani. "Vehicle Mass Optimization for Frontal Structure Using I-Sight and Study of Weld Parameterization for Mass Improvement". In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37311.

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In order to meet the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) requirement, the frontal structure of the vehicle needs to be design to maximize energy absorption in the presence powertrain design layout constraint. This needs the basis for structural optimization using a pragmatic approach. With regards to passive safety of a vehicle, there is a constant increase of the requirements to the BIW (Body in White) stiffness in ever greater extent, without a significant increase in vehicle weight. The primary objective of this study is to demonstrate mass optimization in a virtual tryout chain and generate optimized analytical model that can be leveraged in future assessment of a car. For this, a parameter investigation concerning variation of input data is done using I-sight. Simplified model of the bumper subsystem is developed for the offset crash test to serve as a base for the creation of designs by changing design variables. The optimization is carried out using I-sight to explore design space for this subsystem. Finally the effectiveness of optimized bumper subsystem is examined using full vehicle impact test. The focus of the work is further promoting the trend for light weight construction by weld optimization. Overall, this virtual tryout leads in sustainability by lighter transport on road, thus saving fuel and reducing emission.

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Torosyan, Masis, Anthony Pollman, Anthony Gannon e Alejandro Hernandez. "Performance and Complexity Trade Study of Candidate Liquid Air Generation Techniques". In ASME 2021 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2021-63957.

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Abstract This paper presents the results of an alternatives analysis of gas-liquefaction methods used in liquid air energy storage (LAES) systems that incorporates two novel measures of performance (MOP) into the analysis: system complexity score and system density. The cryogenic methods typically considered for air, and used in this trade study, include Linde-Hampson, Claude, Heylandt, and cascade [1]. With these four options of air-liquefaction currently in use for a variety of purposes with ranging scales, there exists no standard selection process for the air-liquefaction method in LAES. This trade study provides fundamental design solutions for given stakeholder requirements, allowing for a pragmatic analysis of integration for future implementation of LAES systems. The intent of these design solutions is to be used in the earliest stage of consideration of a LAES implementation, helping stakeholders quickly narrow the focus of their design engineers to a specific liquefaction process. This will reduce the complexity of integration techniques and processes and streamline LAES into the energy-storage industry. The results of this study showed that with evenly weighted MOP the Heylandt method had the highest final weighted score (0.9), followed by Cascade (0.88), Claude (0.86), and Linde-Hampson (0.67). However, the results showed that the Cascade method was the most frequent design solution (8/11) from 11 variations of MOP weight distributions.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Variational pragmatic"

Burns, Malcom, e Gavin Nixon. Literature review on analytical methods for the detection of precision bred products. Food Standards Agency, settembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ney927.

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The Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act (England) aims to develop a science-based process for the regulation and authorisation of precision bred organisms (PBOs). PBOs are created by genetic technologies but exhibit changes which could have occurred through traditional processes. This current review, commissioned by the Food Standards Agency (FSA), aims to clarify existing terminologies, explore viable methods for the detection, identification, and quantification of products of precision breeding techniques, address and identify potential solutions to the analytical challenges presented, and provide recommendations for working towards an infrastructure to support detection of precision bred products in the future. The review includes a summary of the terminology in relation to analytical approaches for detection of precision bred products. A harmonised set of terminology contributes towards promoting further understanding of the common terms used in genome editing. A review of the current state of the art of potential methods for the detection, identification and quantification of precision bred products in the UK, has been provided. Parallels are drawn with the evolution of synergistic analytical approaches for the detection of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), where molecular biology techniques are used to detect DNA sequence changes in an organism’s genome. The scope and limitations of targeted and untargeted methods are summarised. Current scientific opinion supports that modern molecular biology techniques (i.e., quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), digital PCR (dPCR) and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)) have the technical capability to detect small alterations in an organism’s genome, given specific prerequisites of a priori information on the DNA sequence of interest and of the associated flanking regions. These techniques also provide the best infra-structure for developing potential approaches for detection of PBOs. Should sufficient information be known regarding a sequence alteration and confidence can be attributed to this being specific to a PBO line, then detection, identification and quantification can potentially be achieved. Genome editing and new mutagenesis techniques are umbrella terms, incorporating a plethora of approaches with diverse modes of action and resultant mutational changes. Generalisations regarding techniques and methods for detection for all PBO products are not appropriate, and each genome edited product may have to be assessed on a case-by-case basis. The application of modern molecular biology techniques, in isolation and by targeting just a single alteration, are unlikely to provide unequivocal evidence to the source of that variation, be that as a result of precision breeding or as a result of traditional processes. In specific instances, detection and identification may be technically possible, if enough additional information is available in order to prove that a DNA sequence or sequences are unique to a specific genome edited line (e.g., following certain types of Site-Directed Nucelase-3 (SDN-3) based approaches). The scope, gaps, and limitations associated with traceability of PBO products were examined, to identify current and future challenges. Alongside these, recommendations were made to provide the infrastructure for working towards a toolkit for the design, development and implementation of analytical methods for detection of PBO products. Recognition is given that fully effective methods for PBO detection have yet to be realised, so these recommendations have been made as a tool for progressing the current state-of-the-art for research into such methods. Recommendations for the following five main challenges were identified. Firstly, PBOs submitted for authorisation should be assessed on a case-by-case basis in terms of the extent, type and number of genetic changes, to make an informed decision on the likelihood of a molecular biology method being developed for unequivocal identification of that specific PBO. The second recommendation is that a specialist review be conducted, potentially informed by UK and EU governmental departments, to monitor those PBOs destined for the authorisation process, and actively assess the extent of the genetic variability and mutations, to make an informed decision on the type and complexity of detection methods that need to be developed. This could be further informed as part of the authorisation process and augmented via a publicly available register or database. Thirdly, further specialist research and development, allied with laboratory-based evidence, is required to evaluate the potential of using a weight of evidence approach for the design and development of detection methods for PBOs. This concept centres on using other indicators, aside from the single mutation of interest, to increase the likelihood of providing a unique signature or footprint. This includes consideration of the genetic background, flanking regions, off-target mutations, potential CRISPR/Cas activity, feasibility of heritable epigenetic and epitranscriptomic changes, as well as supplementary material from supplier, origin, pedigree and other documentation. Fourthly, additional work is recommended, evaluating the extent/type/nature of the genetic changes, and assessing the feasibility of applying threshold limits associated with these genetic changes to make any distinction on how they may have occurred. Such a probabilistic approach, supported with bioinformatics, to determine the likelihood of particular changes occurring through genome editing or traditional processes, could facilitate rapid classification and pragmatic labelling of products and organisms containing specific mutations more readily. Finally, several scientific publications on detection of genome edited products have been based on theoretical principles. It is recommended to further qualify these using evidenced based practical experimental work in the laboratory environment. Additional challenges and recommendations regarding the design, development and implementation of potential detection methods were also identified. Modern molecular biology-based techniques, inclusive of qPCR, dPCR, and NGS, in combination with appropriate bioinformatics pipelines, continue to offer the best analytical potential for developing methods for detecting PBOs. dPCR and NGS may offer the best technical potential, but qPCR remains the most practicable option as it is embedded in most analytical laboratories. Traditional screening approaches, similar to those for conventional transgenic GMOs, cannot easily be used for PBOs due to the deficit in common control elements incorporated into the host genome. However, some limited screening may be appropriate for PBOs as part of a triage system, should a priori information be known regarding the sequences of interest. The current deficit of suitable methods to detect and identify PBOs precludes accurate PBO quantification. Development of suitable reference materials to aid in the traceability of PBOs remains an issue, particularly for those PBOs which house on- and off-target mutations which can segregate. Off-target mutations may provide an additional tool to augment methods for detection, but unless these exhibit complete genetic linkage to the sequence of interest, these can also segregate out in resulting generations. Further research should be conducted regarding the likelihood of multiple mutations segregating out in a PBO, to help inform the development of appropriate PBO reference materials, as well as the potential of using off-target mutations as an additional tool for PBO traceability. Whilst recognising the technical challenges of developing and maintaining pan-genomic databases, this report recommends that the UK continues to consider development of such a resource, either as a UK centric version, or ideally through engagement in parallel EU and international activities to better achieve harmonisation and shared responsibilities. Such databases would be an invaluable resource in the design of reliable detection methods, as well as for confirming that a mutation is as a result of genome editing. PBOs and their products show great potential within the agri-food sector, necessitating a science-based analytical framework to support UK legislation, business and consumers. Differentiating between PBOs generated through genome editing compared to organisms which exhibit the same mutational change through traditional processes remains analytically challenging, but a broad set of diagnostic technologies (e.g., qPCR, NGS, dPCR) coupled with pan-genomic databases and bioinformatics approaches may help contribute to filling this analytical gap, and support the safety, transparency, proportionality, traceability and consumer confidence associated with the UK food chain.

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