Tesi sul tema "Valuers fondamentales"
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Amaritei, Irina. "La fondamentalité dans le droit de l'Union européenne". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMOND039.
Testo completoFundamentality is an ubiquitous notion in the EU’s law. Without an exact definition nor a specific function within the system, fundamentality is nonetheless constantly used. In light of this reality, this thesis attempts to answer a question closely linked to this notion’s role. Has fundamentality the capacity to structure the EU’s law? The answer seems obvious if we consider the primary meaning of this notion. The way fundamentality – including values, rights, freedoms, principles and even purposes – is mobilised, adjusted, and made evolve emphasises a particularly complex picture. In view of its heterogenous meaning and its constrained application, fundamentality can only shape a flawed structure. Be that as it may, this notion’s adaptability and its evolving nature can cover these flaws towards creating a pragmatic structure of the EU’s law. Hence, fundamentality establishes EU’s own structure, marked by flexibility and evolution
Mattaloni, Cristian. "Il Centro Commerciale nel contesto della Grande Distribuzione Organizzata: analisi fondamentale e Fair Value". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/7451.
Testo completoABSTRACT Il presente studio si sofferma sull’analisi fondamentale delle imprese che usiamo denominare Centri Commerciali e che rientrano nei processi della “Grande Distribuzione Organizzata”. Insieme ad un profilo e ad un inquadramento generale del Centro si metteranno a fuoco i caratteri quali/quantitativi dei fondamentali drivers del valore che caratterizzano il complesso strategico del centro commerciale, vale a dire il suo core business, costruito e posto in azione dagli investitori/fondatori che lo hanno ideato e che hanno pianificato il suo sviluppo. Quanto si dirà da un lato esprimerà una linea guida dei criteri di stima del valore di mercato del complesso strategico del centro commerciale; dall’altro indicherà come l’innegabile forza d’investimento che accompagna la creazione di grandi centri influisca sia sull’assetto delle città, sia sulle loro periferie, sia sull’economia circostante. La straordinaria forza d’investimento immobiliare che presiede all’attivazione dei centri commerciali incide sullo sviluppo micro e macroeconomico dei sistemi sociali e richiama l’esigenza di una rivisitazione del concetto di mercato e di economia di mercato. Invero in termini negoziali occorre considerare l’insieme dei vantaggi e l’insieme degli svantaggi conseguenti alla presenza dei centri commerciali ed alla loro diffusione. Il negoziato economico non può non valutare il rischio del possibile degrado urbanistico delle città, la perdita di valore dei centri storici, il disagio procurato dalla rarefazione dei negozi di vicinato (necessari per gli acquisti da parte di talune fasce sociali), ecc. corrispondenti alla diffusione dei centri commerciali. Ciò significa che la “causa economica” la quale giustifica la legge della domanda e dell’offerta e che è presente quando si debba accettare o respingere l’inserimento di un nuovo centro commerciale deve abbracciare le molte componenti coinvolte configurando un processo che richiede una risposta alla seguente domanda: la scelta di introdurre quel centro commerciale si caratterizza per un’utilità sociale? In una tale prospettiva emerge come l’economia di mercato necessiti di una visione complessiva del sistema dove il concetto di mercato dovrà essere riconsiderato ed esteso. Tale analisi che esula dall’economia del presente lavoro sarà sommariamente evidenziata discutendo del concetto di valore economico totale (VET). L’aspetto segnalato per ultimo va sottolineato. La diffusione dei centri commerciali ed in particolare l'azione della Grande Distribuzione Organizzata influiscono sull'assetto urbano e sociale delle città (negli ultimi anni abbiamo assistito ad una crescita sensibile nel nostro Paese di centri commerciali, supermercati, ipermercati, grandi magazzini, discount, ecc. nel mentre hanno chiuso e stanno ulteriormente riducendosi i piccoli esercizi dei centri cittadini). La prima parte della tesi è strutturata in due sezioni. La prima sezione partendo da un’analisi storica dei primi centri, dalle loro origini sino ai giorni nostri, mette in luce il processo di trasformazione economico, sociale e culturale delle città e degli stili di vita dei consumatori, la qual cosa ha inciso notevolmente sull’economia locale e sulla natura dell’indotto che ruota attorno ai centri commerciali. Nella seconda parte della tesi, divisa in più sezioni, a partire da una descrizione degli investimenti (sia immobiliari che finanziari che immateriali) i quali rappresentano gran parte del valore dei centri commerciali ed alimentano i drivers strategici in termini di creazione di valore e di sviluppo, si conduce un’analisi riferita alle diverse tipologie di centri commerciali. Vengono quindi proposti processi di lettura del contesto aziendale fondati sull’uso della cash flow analysis e del discounted cash flow model. L’analisi fondamentale e di valutazione prosegue tenendo conto del raccordo tra valore dei centri commerciali e costi benefici prodotti nella comunità in cui i centri operano, con ciò determinando l’esigenza che la stima del valore dei centri per quanto riferita al gruppo imprenditoriale coinvolga il contesto economico più vasto in cui i centri sono inseriti. Ancora sia consentita una chiosa finale. La presenza dei centri commerciali influisce o può influire sui corretti processi di acquisizione dei tributi da parte dell’Agenzia delle Entrate. La Finanza Locale, nonostante i nuovi processi di trasferimento delle risorse dallo Stato e di autonomia fiscale, non riesce sempre ad assicurare che i tributi erariali che derivano dai consumatori locali (somme enormi) ricadano e si risolvano a beneficio delle stesse comunità in cui quei redditi si generano, in quanto i versamenti delle imposte sul reddito d’impresa, dell’imposta sul valore aggiunto, ecc., dei grandi gruppi della distribuzione avvengono, nella maggior parte dei casi, dove le società della GDO hanno la sede legale. Le Agenzie preposte alla riscossione delle entrate tributarie nei territori interessati (e quindi le regioni e gli altri enti locali interessati) vedono così riconfigurati (secondo i casi ridotti od aumentati) i loro introiti, non di rado dipendenti dal "riscosso" e non dal “prodotto” in quel territorio. A ciò si associa l’eventualità che gli enti locali si dimostrino interessati ad interventi di "finanza di progetto" la quale implica un nuovo rapporto tra pubblico e privato e chiama in causa interessi sociali ed ambientali dei centri urbani e aspetti di responsabilità e solidarietà sociale delle imprese della GDO le quali suppongono analisi e protocolli particolari.
XXIV Ciclo
1975
DI, LOLLO MARTINA. "La tutela dei diritti fondamentali dei lavoratori nel commercio internazionale". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/98921.
Testo completoThe benefits due to a sustainable global economy are included in the range of values protected by international law; starting from this consideration, the principal scope of the research is to analyze the points of contact between economic interests and non-economic values, which have always been considered as inconsistent. In this perspective, it is necessary to examine the multilateral system regime within the World Trade Organization (WTO) and then, to study the provisions contained in the Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) concluded at a regional and/or at a bilateral level. During the twentieth century, international trade law has radically changed because of the institution of the WTO in 1995; one of the main innovations of the multilateral trading system is the new dispute settlement mechanism managed by the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB). The thesis analyzes, more in general, the competences of the WTO, which are all addressed to the aim of promoting a full international trade liberalization, through the removal of obstacles to trade and the prohibition of protectionist or discriminatory national measures. However, because of the globalization and the growing participation of developing countries in economic relations that the need of a greater consideration for non- economic values arises. Among the most debated issues, the one relating to the influence that the progressive elimination of any form of obstacle to trade liberalization has on the protection of fundamental rights at work in an individual dimension, as much as in a collective one, assumes great importance; that is because work represents a primary factor in the productive process and, in general, in global economy. As widely observed in this dissertation, the debate relating to the possibility of an inclusion of a social clause in WTO law, in order to achieve the integration of the “core labour standards” within the multilateral system, as established by the International Labour Organization’s (ILO), is characterized by some critical points and tendentially conducts to poor results because of the structural limits within the WTO. More specifically, developing countries, which represent the majority of the members of the Organization, have never agreed on the adoption of a restrictive legal framework with specific limits, like non- trade values. Starting from these considerations, the thesis comes to the conclusion that beyond the progress made thanks to the role played by the interpretative activity of the WTO panels and its Appellate Body in attempting to integrate non-economic values into the multilateral system, other alternative solutions have been identified at a regional and bilateral level. Among the solutions mentioned, it is interesting to consider the provisions contained in the North American Agreement on Labour Cooperation, a Side Agreement in social matters adopted in the context of the Free Trade Agreement between USA, Canada and Mexico in 1992 (NAFTA); this last FTA will be replaced by the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), a new agreement signed on November, the 30th, 2018 and currently just ratified by the Parties. In the same context, the dissertation takes into account the Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), that is a free trade agreement within the meaning of which the United States have undertaken a legal action against Guatemala in 2010, based on the alleged violation of the core labour standards; in particular, the proceeding represents the first case in absolute in the practice of a social clause application within a FTA, in which the panel has examined a range of important labour law issues. On the basis of these considerations, the research shows that although it seems to be easier to find an equilibrium between economic interests and non- economic values at a regional or bilateral level, we should not exclude future progress within WTO, thanks to the encouraging interpretative activity made by the panels and the Appellate Body.
Todorova, Marieta. "L'interdiction d'abus des droits fondamentaux". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10009.
Testo completoThe concept of the abuse of the right is spread in most disciplines. This prohibition is, not only, present in several legal systems, but it can also be found in the principal instruments of the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Nevertheless the specificity of this branch of the law and the particular nature of the concept of the abuse of right impose the difficult issue of the compatibility of every clause prohibiting the abuse of right and the philosophy of the fundamental rights. Therefore, this interrogation requires raising the challenge of its identification in the fundamental rights area, and the challenge of its conceptualization.The identification of the abuse of the fundamental rights is problematic, since that, we are facing a notion with undetermined content revealing its plasticity and its malleability. These characteristics have the effect of integrating, in the positive law, a controversial concept, unstable and at the same time mobile and confused, they also impose the determination of the elements that contribute to the definition and the clarification of the application field of the prohibition of the abuse of the fundamental rights. The abuse of the right conceptualization can be built if we head from the basic role, that it is managed to assume in the fundamental rights area. The prohibition of abuse of fundamental rights appears to be an important element of fundamental rights legal system, whose custom has to remain exceptional, allowing not only to regulate the exercise of the individual rights but also to defend the essential values in their protection process, and in particular those inherent to every democratic society. The prohibition of abuse of right ensures the coherence and the fullness of fundamental rights legal system
Charron, Jacques-Olivier. "La relation entre estimation de la valeur fondamentale des sociétés cotées et évolution de leur cours : une contribution basée sur des études de cas". Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646347.
Testo completoTodorova, Marieta. "L'interdiction d'abus des droits fondamentaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10009.
Testo completoThe concept of the abuse of the right is spread in most disciplines. This prohibition is, not only, present in several legal systems, but it can also be found in the principal instruments of the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Nevertheless the specificity of this branch of the law and the particular nature of the concept of the abuse of right impose the difficult issue of the compatibility of every clause prohibiting the abuse of right and the philosophy of the fundamental rights. Therefore, this interrogation requires raising the challenge of its identification in the fundamental rights area, and the challenge of its conceptualization.The identification of the abuse of the fundamental rights is problematic, since that, we are facing a notion with undetermined content revealing its plasticity and its malleability. These characteristics have the effect of integrating, in the positive law, a controversial concept, unstable and at the same time mobile and confused, they also impose the determination of the elements that contribute to the definition and the clarification of the application field of the prohibition of the abuse of the fundamental rights. The abuse of the right conceptualization can be built if we head from the basic role, that it is managed to assume in the fundamental rights area. The prohibition of abuse of fundamental rights appears to be an important element of fundamental rights legal system, whose custom has to remain exceptional, allowing not only to regulate the exercise of the individual rights but also to defend the essential values in their protection process, and in particular those inherent to every democratic society. The prohibition of abuse of right ensures the coherence and the fullness of fundamental rights legal system
Krobicka, Anna. "Influence de certains aliments laitiers sur la sante bucco-dentaire". Strasbourg 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13124.
Testo completoLespagnol, Vivien. "Information diffusion in financial markets : an agent-based approach to test the fundamental value discovery in different market structures". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2012/document.
Testo completoThe piece of work’s aim is to understand information diffusion in financial markets. Starting from the empirical evidences that agents are heterogeneous and bounded rational, we based our investigations on a class of computational models for simulating the actions and interactions of autonomous agents: the agent - based model (ABM). More precisely, this research focuses on the impacts of agents heterogeneity in diffusion and use of information. For this purpose, we developed two market structures, in which the market transparency varies. In the chapters 1 and 2, we introduce a centralised market, where a part of the order-book is available as a public information. In the chapter 3, we build an Over-The-Counter market, where agents bargains with their trading contacts
Benahmed, Hamza. "Effets du traitement a l'ammoniac (nh : :(3)) sur la valeur nutritive et azotee des foins de graminees". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF2D198.
Testo completoElannaz, Houda. "Le programme arabophone de la DW- TV". Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020083.
Testo completoThe media landscape has known in the twentieth last years a spectacular increase, especially after the creation of satellite's channels with international vocation like Aljazeera, Al-Arabiya and MBC. Lately, the creation of occidental arabophones channels, like BBC, France 24 and DW-TV Arabia, comes to add a new dimension to the media field. The occidental arabophones channels that target Arab World can be considered as a phenomenon in the media field. They can be used to serving ideological objectives, to improve diplomatic relationships, and to make gains in politics and economics domains. This research is focalized in one of these channels; the DW-TV Arabia, this German channel in destination to the Arab World created in 2002. His role as a tool in the proliferation of Germany cultural and politics principles of the federal republic of Germany, to the Arab World, is one of the principals axes treated in this work. Therefore, the motifs of the creation of DW-TV Arabia occupy an important part of this study. The principal aspects who characterized the editorial line of this channel is based on the objectivity, credibility and independence; however, he play a strategic role in improving the economic interests of Germany in the Arab World countries
Achi, Taous. "Utilisation nutritionnelle de la feve, de la lentille et du pois chiche chez le rat en croissance : influence de la flore intestinale sur la digestion azotee dans le gros intestin". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF2D208.
Testo completoCheng, Rui. "L'association des avocats de la République populaire de Chine : une approche comparative au regard du droit français". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30034/document.
Testo completoIn China, a lawyers' community is being formed. It begins to influence the "legal conscience" of the society. However, unlike their French colleagues, Chinese lawyers do not have yet enough sense of belonging to a common professional group. Their associations are not autonomous. Although the profession is much inspired by the experiences of "ethically more developed" countries, the fundamental principles of the profession are not yet rooted in Chinese lawyers’ collective concept. As a liberal profession, lawyers are experiencing an inherent need for autonomy. Otherwise, they cannot make their voice heard by the public, nor protect their professional rights. Similarly, lawyers' activities cannot be fairly supervised by a professional institution dependent on the public power. The autonomy of lawyers' association, whether in China or in France, should be considered as a guarantee for justice and all persons subject to trial. The autonomy is not an end in itself. It is the best way to ensure the independence of the lawyer. The essence of lawyers' autonomy is explained by its implementation in lawyers’ professional activities. From his foot Hercules. This comparative study aims to reveal, at least to some extent, the real landscape of Chinese justice, and to explore the distance between the People's Republic of China and a "rule of law" in its modern sense
Fellat-Zarrouck, Khadija. "Etude de corps gras d'origine marocaine : huile d'olive, adultérationsHuile de sardine, Sardina PilchardusHuile d'argan, Argania Spinosa". Aix-Marseille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX11102.
Testo completoBau, Richard Hwei-Ming. "Les constituants biochimiques de quelques graines d'oleagineux et de légumineuses : Étude des propriétés physico-chimiques fonctionnelles et nutritionnelles. Traitements d'amélioration par voies chimique, enzymatique et biologique". Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10270.
Testo completoZhang, Qian. "La chine et les droits de l’homme : évolution et perspectives juridiques". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA111015.
Testo completoThe concept of human being was defined in China since the sixth century B.C. as "a living organism which has a certain height, its hands are different from its feet,covered by hair and has developed teeth, capable of moving quickly in an uprightposture". Since then, two categories of men were defined: the ren, to designate a virtuous man or somebody who xercises public or private functions; and the min, to designate men who have no public power. The Chinese society was built on thisdistinction: the ren, known by their virtuosity, might offer their services to the min and the society itself, and the min have some fundamental rights towards ren population. For that reason, ancient China set up two protection mechanisms: min’sindividual queries to request the respect of their fundamental rights against actions from public agents, and the zuiji zhao, mechanism used by the emperors to punish themselves. Over time, three compliance control mechanisms were developed. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, this Chinese approach to fundamental human rights was compared to Western approach to human rights by the Chinese population, who recognized themselves in the western approach, following the disturbance in the Chinese tradition led by the Manchu. For the re-establishment of Chinese tradition, three main political and legal reforms were carried out by the Chinese in order to restore their tradition, abandoned by the Manchus, and to conciliate Western theories and experiences with Chinese approach. A turning point was achieved with thecontribution of China in the development of UDHR, and the nomination of the Chinese representative as vice president of the redaction committee
Haddad, Georges. "Aspects physiologiques de la culture du peuplier en taillis à courte rotation ; Fertilisation des sols par boues résiduaires". Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10104.
Testo completoSoares, Cíntia Dalila. "Évolution dans des populations structurées en classes". Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22666.
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