Tesi sul tema "Urbanisme en Afrique"
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Alaoui, Aziz Bouchra. "La knowledge city : un modèle pour la ville du futur en Afrique ? L'expérience du Maroc". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL142.
Testo completoIn Africa, despite abundant natural resources and a young, creative population, the continent continues to struggle to spark sustainable growth. The scars left by decades of colonization, compounded by internal conflicts, still hinder the much-anticipated takeoff. International aid and poverty alleviation programs have yet to deeply transform the economic foundations of the continent. However, the advent of new technologies offers Africa a unique opportunity to make a qualitative leap by focusing on the knowledge economy. To achieve this transition, it is essential to create "knowledge territories", spaces conducive to innovation. This thesis explores the continent's capacity to adopt this model, using Morocco as a case study, which could inspire other African nations toward sustainable development based on knowledge. It deeply examines the concepts of the knowledge economy and "knowledge cities," evaluating their potential to catalyze a radical transformation of the African continent into a true hub of innovation and knowledge
Bareil, Anne-Marie. "Les arcs de triomphe dédiés à Caracalla en Afrique romaine : architecture et urbanisme, politique et société". Nancy 2, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc275/2006NAN21026_1.pdf.
Testo completoIn the first part of the thesis, the author has made a list of the numerous arches dedicated to Caracalla in Roman Africa. Most of these arches are documented by a dedication and can therefore be dated with precision. However some other arches have been added to the initial corpus since they can be dated too, either by their architectural or ornemental characteristics, or thanks to historical arguments. Altogether a corpus of 27 arches has been made out. The analysis of the dedications of the arches is the subject of the second part. It shows "evergetes" (donators), most of them being permanent "flamines" (priests), often veterans ; a few notables also contribute to the endowment of their city. They do so either in their lifetime or by testament. At the same time, nearly half of the arches are erected thanks to the generosity of local councils, in gratitude for a change of juridical status or for special favour from the Emperor. The status of the individuals and the cities concerned gives a state of the "romanisation", to put simply, of Africa between 198 and 217. The study of the dedicatory texts also permits to check some aspects of the titles of the Emperor and of the imperial virtues honoured on the arches. The third part tackles the typology. In the first chapter, the typology of forms highlights the wide range of architectural patterns and chosen decorations. The second chapter deals with the "typology of functions" and analyses the role played by honorific arches in the urbanization of the cities, in full revival at the time. The author concludes on the close correspondence between the monument and the ideologic message it is supposed to pass on : by its decoration, the ornaments of the coronation or the dedication itself, the honorific arch is a perfect testimony, both didactic and aesthetic, of the imperial cult
Gangneux-Kebe, Julie. "Fabriquer l'ordinaire de la ville : le rôle de l'habitant à Conakry (Guinée)". Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2027/document.
Testo completoThe present research focuses on the urban fabric by its inhabitants in Conakry, Guinea. Long studied by various institutions and their development projects, the urban fabric only considers the inhabitant as a beneficiary of expert planning. From their participation in urban planning, citizen knowledge seems now well known in Northern countries. While in the South, ordinary city dwellers display a range of ways to create space: "their spaces". Through their initiatives and appropriations, inhabitants invent urban spaces outside of the planning projects. The analysis of the daily experiences in Conakry allows us to reconsider a binary interpretation (formal / informal) of the urban fabric in West Africa.This work focuses on the production of space in Conakry by of "citizens-city-dwellers", describing the forms and relation of daily life in the popular neighborhoods of Hafia. The inhabitants create their new appropriations of space to claim the “right to urban life”(Lefebvre, 1968). Faced with increasing tensions (demographic, environmental, socio-economic, land ) that tend to fragment the West African city a little more each day, from this research project, it appears that the ordinary fabric of the city seems to reduce these forms of inequalities and fragmentations. When the participation of the inhabitants in the co-construction of spaces is researched in the North and in the South, the perspective of the inhabitants of a city in the South can teach us about the ways and forms of inhabiting the ordinary; about the process to appropriate and share collectively the fabric of the city
Bareil, Anne-Marie Grandjean Yves. "Les arcs de triomphe dédiés à Caracalla en Afrique romaine Architecture et urbanisme, politique et société /". Nancy : Université Nancy 2, 2006. http://cyberdoc.univ-nancy2.fr/htdocs/docs_ouvert/doc275/2006NAN21026_1.pdf.
Testo completoTaleb, Saliha. "L'espace urbain au Maghreb : Etude comparée des trois villes : Fès, Alger, Tunis". Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30006.
Testo completoTrape, Jean-François. "L'impact de l'urbanisation sur le paludisme en Afrique Centrale". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112181.
Testo completoIn order to ascertain the impact of urbanization on malaria, a research project was undertaken from 1980 to 1985 in the Brazzaville region and 16 other urban centers of the Congo. Studies investigated parasite prevalence and density, vectors bionomics, malaria morbidity and mortality, serum haptoglobin and immunoglobulins, antimalarial antibodies and antimalarial practices. In the rural area of the Brazzaville region, malaria is holoendemic: the parasite in children varies from 79% to 94% and the inoculation rate from 200 to 1,000 infective bites per person per year according to the villages. In Brazzaville, considerable differences exist between the districts of the town, in relation to the population density and the nature of the ground gained by urbanization: the parasite rate in schoolchildren is 81% in Massina, 66% in Talangai, 40% in Bacongo, 9% in Moungali and 3% in Poto-Poto. According to the districts, the inoculation rate varies from less than one to 100 infective bites per person per year. Only 37% of children aged 6 years living since birth in Poto-Poto are seropositive. In contrast, the annual rate of mortality from malaria is very low bath in the rural and urban areas and shows no significant differences between the districts of the town. It was estimated at 0. 43 per thousand in children from 0 to 4 years and 0. 08 per thousand in children from 5 to 9 years. The present-day drop in mortality is attributed to the now general use of antimalarial drugs for the treatment of all febrile episodes in infants and children. The observations made in the Congo show that urbanization has a considerable impact on entomological, parasitological and immunological aspects of malaria. However, it would appear that it is above all the antimalarial practices and possibilities of treatment which are of capital importance in preventing serious complications and decreasing mortality
Plougoulm, Guillaume. "Citoyenneté et espace : développement, urbanisme et culture politique dans la métropole de Durban (1996-2006)". Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040054.
Testo completoHow does the post-apartheid era fare ten years since the official birth of the “new” South Africa? The track record is mixed. If anything, the institutional front has delivered. Democracy, however, sometimes struggles to meet the aspirations of individuals in their everyday lives. Socioeconomic inequalities are still very much part of the South African picture. Broken promises loom large in fact and, with them, so does a potent challenge to political trust likely to frustrate nation-building. Since the new dispensation redefined them into fully-fledged development agencies, it is for municipalities to fight this erosion. In Durban, this mandate has shaped a proactive approach to economic development. The metropolitan authority hence works on boosting its constituency economically, so as to generate the material resources it needs to face the new democratic demands. Both legislative and financial limitations, however, mean that this municipal eagerness can only translate into the planning of a business-friendly environment. This urban restructuring has two goals. It boils down to an attempt at upranking Durban in the global league framed by local contingencies (informal economy’s requirements, resistance from powerful landowners, etc. ). Will these dynamics encourage the rise of an urbanity matching official representations and likely, as such, to nurture a “rainbow culture”? In engaging three socioeconomic configurations meant to capture the heterogeneity of the metropolitan realities, the thesis offers to analyze the capacity of Durban’s public space to entrench a sense of belonging supportive of the post-apartheid democratic structures among its users. It pinpoints the obstacles nation-building confronts with in South Africa’s second largest city
Khelef, Mohamed Mohamed Nabjib. "L' évolution des topographies [sic] urbaines dans le maghreb médiéval : VIe-XIIIe siècle". Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10096.
Testo completoMambo, Paterne Yapi. "Droit et ville en Afrique : étude de la décentralisation ivoirienne en matière d'urbanisme /". Paris : l'Harmattan, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb42015606w.
Testo completoEn appendice, textes législatifs ivoiriens. Bibliogr. p. 509-532. Webliogr. p. 533-537. Index.
Rhessal, Atika. "Organisation de l'espace et pratiques spatiales à Khouribga (Maroc)". Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010582.
Testo completoMahoutou, Gaston-King. "Bangassou : étude géographique d'un centre urbain secondaire (République centrafricaine)". Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30011.
Testo completoDiahou, Martinien Venceslas. "Villes et encadrement de l'urbanisme en Afrique de l'Ouest francophone : approche juridique d'une lecture des villes d'Abidjan et de Lomé". Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA084035.
Testo completoThe cities because they constitute living environments of the human existence and the places which animate the economic dynamics of their countries, need to be legally framed in the occupation and the use of their spaces. A well ensured land control, a good fitting of constructions, the existence of the equipment in infrastructures and superstructures are as many elements which make it possible to get a pleasant life urban but also to guarantee an urban attraction through the image that these cities return. However more and more, the African cities in general and those of Abidjan and Lomé in particular especially know many urban problems of an urban nature which put at evil their urban development: land conflicts, insufficiency of residences just as of building plots and spaces to be able to accommodate in particular economic human activities, degradation of the basic urban services, development of practices of installation in margin of the official laws. These consecutive problems certainly with an unceasingly increasing urban evolution are also related to a deterioration of the regulations of town planning installation by the public authorities for their framing. Those remain unsuited to their contexts, very complex, inaccessible and over all, are unapplied. The research solution legislative and lawful, likely to improve the right of the grounds and to attenuate the urban illegalities and practices in the field of town planning to even contribute to put an end at it, is it what this study devoted to the rules answers which frame town planning in the African cities through the cases of Abidjan and Lomé
Bénit-Gbaffou, Claire. "La fragmentation urbaine à Johannesburg : recomposition des pouvoirs locaux, mobilités de travail et dynamiques résidentielles dans la ville post-apartheid". Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT5005.
Testo completoSaadaoui, Lotfi. "Les modes de construction au Maghreb médiéval d'après la pratique et les textes juridiques". Paris, EPHE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPHE4006.
Testo completoThe legal malékites sources of medieval period bring many information relative to the constructions. But what is their relevance confronted with the techniques of construction and with the archeological realities ? Our work tries to answer this question. A preliminary research on the construction of the legal rules revealed the existence of difference of view within the rite malékite. We are then attached to study the various constructive elements quoted in sources by confronting ceaselessly legal texts and material testimonies. Walls, openings and materials constitute an important part of our work which was also attached to the recommendations relative to the work hydraulics and in the management of waste water. So, through the legal sources and archeological observations it is a new image of the urban organization of the medieval Maghreb that is so proposed
Moussavou, Ida Rachel. "Croissance urbaine - systèmes fonciers et gestion des espaces urbains : l'exemple de Libreville (Gabon)". Bordeaux 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR30015.
Testo completoTHE RAPID URBAN GROWTH IN THE LAST THIRTY YEARS HAS BEEN THE MOST OUTSTANDING FUTURE OF LIBREVILLE'S TRANSFORMATION. IT IS CHARACTERIZED BY A MARKED POPULATION CONCENTRATION AND A SPECTACULAR SPATIAL EXPANSION MAINLY DUE TO MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS. HOWEVER, THE CONTINOUS, MASSIVE AND DISORDERLY POPULATION INFLOW INTO THE URBAN AREAS HAS CAUSED THE PROLIFERATION OF UNDER-INTEGRATED DISTRICTS, DENSELY BUILT AND INSALUBRIOUS. MOST MIGRANTS FIND THEMSELVES WANTING IN SERVICED PARCELS AND ARE THESE OBLIGED TO COLONIZE NON AEDIFICANDI, UNSERVICEABLE AREAS. AS A RESULT, THERE OCCURS A PHENOMENON OF DISPROPORTIONATE AND ANARCHICAL SPATIAL GROWTH, THAT IS ENCOURAGED BY LAND SPECTACULORS. MODEM PROPERTY LAW CONFLICTS WITH POPULAR PRATICES. HENCE CONFLICTUAL SITUATIONS BETWEEN THE AUTHORITIES AND THE CITY PLANNING REVEALS URBANISTIC DEFICIENCIES : THE LACK OF AND EFFICIENT SYSTEM OF SOIL EXPLOITATION AND ATTRIBUTION THAT COULD MEET THE NEEDS IN SUITABLE LOTS. THE EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURES HAS BEEN CONCENTRATED MAINLY IN SMART AREAS. THE LEVEL OF UTILITIES AND SERVICES HAS SETTLED AT HIGH STANDARDS with EXCLUDE THE MANY. CONSEQUENTLY, THERE EXISTS SERIOUS CITY PLANNING PROBLEMS AT A TIME WHEN PUBLIC RESSOURCES ARE DEPLETING. HOW MAKE MOST PEOPLES'S ACCESS TO PARCELS EASIER ALONG WITH BEING RESPECTFUL OF THE HARMONIOUS CITY AREA DEVELOPMENT ? THE AUTHOR PROPOSES TO STRENGTHEN THE URBANISM INSTITUTIONS AND INSTRUMENTS, THE CITY PROPERTY PLANNING AND REGULATION
Alleaume, Marc. "Concurrences et complémentarités entre les secteurs moderne et informel : les transports collectifs urbains dans les grandes métropoles d'Afrique noire francophone (avec des références particulières à Brazzaville et Yaoundé)". Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR1D017.
Testo completoFacing the evolution of urban public transport systems, it seems to us that the growing difficulties of travel in big cities of french-speaking black africa can be resolved only by a reflection on transport systems taken as a whole. After justifying conditions under which it could be viewed to give a larger part to informal forms in urban servicing, the challenge is to formulate some propositions for the promotion of more efficient systems, that is to say systems better linked to demand and to the economic, financial and social contexts. This last chapter deals with considerations about the performing of the system and of each form. Recent trends of rehabilitation of public enterprises and the questionning about the notion of public service in this specific environment, the role of public authorities in financement, tarification and reglementation, the hopes we can express for small-scale enterprises and professional associations and their potential role in the mutation and the training of the artisanal sector, the evolution of the activity as regards as the development phenomenon are also discussed
Ogalama, Yabo Gabriel. "La pratique de l'urbanisme en Afrique Subsaharienne : bilan et perspective stratégique. L'exemple de la ville de Bangui (Centrafrique)". Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR1804/document.
Testo completoCities in Africa often grow in population develop at the rate of 5% yearly and sometimes go beyond 7%. When a city grows at the rate of 7% per year, its population doubles every ten years. This means that the capacities of infrastructures and equipments should be doubled. But developing countries do not have the financial capacities to stand it. As a result, there are many problems among which the degradation of equipments, the environment and precarious areas. How to plan such cities? After a study of large cities such as Abidjan, Lomé, Ouagadougou and their planning documents methods used, Bangui is chosen as the main site of the research. To plan is to articulate strategic stakes to local practices. This involves to link planning documents to other sectoral documents (for sewage, retail trade, transports…)
Berte, Nouvou. "La Question foncière et immobilière en Afrique subsaharienne : le cas de l'Adressage de la ville de San-Pedro (Sud-ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire)". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CERG0641.
Testo completoThe African city is marked by a dualism of urban model. Alongside the modern city, administered equipped "legal" grow "illegal" areas, no equipment or basic urban services. Côte d'Ivoire is no exception to this. After independence, she undertook the largest operation of voluntary geography to reduce spatial injustices and inequalities between regions of southern forest; "Operation San Pedro." Objective: To develop a region until completely enclosed and outside the "Ivorian economic miracle", the South-west of the country with as an anchor, creating a deep water port and a new city . Despite a largely collaborative project planning, San Pedro now houses one of the largest shantytowns of West Africa, thereby promoting fragmentation increasingly accentuated the city. We observe today in the city, less than 10% of real estate occupations having made the subject of a land registration and real property of an indefeasible right. This low percentage shows the failure of the system of land registration, the only legal way of land and property security. This raises the fundamental question of alternative ways to land and property security. Where necessary the development of addressing systems, the lack of general survey, used to locate plots from public space to improve the knowledge of the real estate that is to say, ensure public identification of property and existing rights and facilitating their security and their subsequent legal recognition. To this end, many African countries have launched in recent years, addressing operations to serve as an alternative to fiscal cadastre and slow and difficult projects "land regularization" promoting simplified forms and mostly literal identification plots.Therefore this thesis aims to establish in San Pedro, the interest of the use of an addressing system in the policies of land and property security. It seeks to understand the relationship between the address and the "right to the city", that is to say, the right of access to urban resources including homeownership and housing security. To understand these relationships, it is necessary to undertake an analysis in terms of spatial justice while emphasizing the importance of addressing as a tool for recognition of local land rights, especially social and economic integration populations.This approach opens new methodological perspectives to operate in the reform of land tenure and cadastral African
Schnitzler, Marie. "La construction d’un futur sur quatre roues : Une ethnographie du handicap locomoteur dans Mitchell’s Plain (Afrique du Sud)". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0862/document.
Testo completoThis thesis explores subjectivities shaped by locomotive disability in the post-apartheid city through an ethnography of ordinary life. Locomotive disability encompasses every limitation of mobility due to an infirmity of the lower limbs. In my discussion, it is conceived as a ‘test’ (épreuve), namely an event that interrupts everyday routines and creates tensions between the responsibilities of different actors’ – people with disabilities, families, the state, etc. These tensions are articulated on various levels. In my discussion, I focus on three of them: the political field that determines a certain type of citizenship, the social networks that constitute the person, and finally the understanding people with disabilities have of their personal history. These levels combine to shape people’s subjectivity, and are analysed in a Foucauldian perspective not just as individuals’ relations with themselves, but also with others and the wider world. Chapter 1 introduces the discussion by providing an overview of the political problematisation of disability in South Africa. I question how national history has influenced discourses and legislation in the field of disability. More specifically, I explore the effects of these programs on the experience of locomotive disability in contemporary South Africa. Chapter 2 then presents in detail South African social security and job creation policies. This section of the thesis introduces an economic dimension to the discussion of the social relationships of people with disabilities which is taken up in the following chapters. Chapter 3 questions significant others’ identity in the process of finding a house. Chapter 4 focuses on gender relationships and their current reconfigurations, as lived by people with disabilities. A third register of sociability is introduced in chapter 5, which documents the existence and the nature of social places in Mitchell’s Plain township and the ways people with disabilities participate in those spaces. Finally, chapter 6 brings together the conclusions from each chapter to explain the self-narrations (récit de soi) produced by different social dynamics. Through my analysis, I thus explore the place people give to disability in their relationships with the self and with others. More generally, this thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of the consequences that policies have for people’s lives and the way these policies are appropriated by the actors on the field. In so doing, the thesis participates in the debate around the management of people who are often perceived as ‘dependants’. To look at disability in a nation that is both conceived as developed and still developing, neither completely social nor totally liberal, is a way to extend our knowledge on these topics in contemporary societies. Moreover, the topic of disability in South Africa allows me to analyse apartheid policies and their bodily and spatial dimensions, by focusing on how the city is nowadays (re)appropriated by its inhabitants. In this context, questioning South African citiness allows me to depart from a racial discourse that still often monopolises analysis of this society, in order to comprehend how, beyond these differences, the urban space is restructured. Through this dynamic, the memory of a troubled past with an uncertain status is at play. Finally, a discussion on locomotive disability in South Africa challenges the supposed link between this type of disability and the endemic violence of the townships
Kalieu, Christian. "Surgissement, prolifération et intégration des motos-taxis dans les villes camerounaises : les exemples de Douala et Bafoussam". Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0078/document.
Testo completoDuring the last decades, daily urban and rural displacements in Cameroonian towns have suffered from an increase of motorcycle taxis in traffic flow. Those taxis are now considered the major mode of urban transport. This current predominance of two-wheelers in the urban landscape generates an explosive growth of pollution, road traffic accidents and public spending. The most direct and profound impact of this mutation is the increase of motorcycle accidents. Motorcycles are consequently the cause of violent conflicts among road users on the public highway. Our research has two goals: the first one is improving people's awareness of what is at stake concerning the motorcycle system and his negative effect in urban mobility, and the second one is giving food for thought in order to improve relations between motorcycle taxis and the other road users. We also want to help find solutions to manage and integrate motorcycles and their commercial use in the city. To do so, we will focus on urban, instructive, sociological and political approaches and on appropriate urban planning
Hamdi-Cherif, Hakimi Zohra. "L'urbanisme et l'architecture à Alger entre les deux guerres : aménagement, embellissement, extension et protection". Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082060.
Testo completoBangui, Thierry. "L'habitat des quartiers aéroportuaires des métropoles africaines (Bamako, Bangui, Brazzaville et Dakar) : l'exemple de Bangui (Rép. Centrafricaine)". Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10076.
Testo completoDieng, Mamadou dit Papa. "Produire la ville en Afrique : le pôle urbain de Diamniadio au Sénégal, une ville nouvelle de la région métropolitaine de Dakar confrontée au défi de la planification urbaine durable". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSESAM/2023/2023ULILA023.pdf.
Testo completoThe "new town" is no longer a recipe for success in many Western countries, especially in urban policies. But in the countries of the global South, especially China and many African countries facing multiple urban challenges, emblematic projects heralded as "new cities" are seeing the light of day. Today, in light of new challenges and specific geographical contexts, the term deserves to be revisited. This research focuses on new city projects in Africa in general and the case of Diamniadio in Senegal in particular. The interest shown by governments in the new town option is part of a dual context. On the one hand, since the 2000s, most African countries have experienced a bifurcation marked by the return of strong economic growth and a diversified urban field invested by large private groups and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). At the global scale, urban thinking has evolved from "sustainable development" to the "sustainable city". In Dakar, Senegal, the planning approach has been to implement major infrastructure projects on the outskirts of the city, with the aim of reducing the concentration of activities and populations and redistributing them to new urban centers. However, the emerging urban reality is still unknown. This is the purpose of this research. Using the example of the Diamniadio urban hub in the Dakar metropolitan region, it aims to understand the process of building a new town in the context of metropolitanization and the sustainable city
Mama, Awal Halimatou. "La métropole-village(s) de Ouagadougou : explorer les potentiels d'un territoire, supports de processus de projet architectural". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAH005/document.
Testo completoThe African city spreads and incorporates the surrounding villages becoming metropolis. Whether the migration from rural to urban or from the city to the countryside, these phenomena became a concern for specialists. Traditional thinking of the world that opposed city-countryside, city-village, city-bush, is no longer valid. Territory's realities became different. What are the tools that allow us to read these new realities? How can we proceed to a change of "glasses" that Bernardo Secchi is proposing, in order to read and write the " contemporary city "?For our research, we consider Ouagadougou as a true observatory. The objective is to learning places of initiatives which build new lifestyles in unexpected dynamics. Today, the capital of Burkina Faso is characterized by a dual identity of the land. Public land organization imported from the colonial thinking called " lotie " (subdivided area) and an informal tenure arrangements after the village culture called “non-lotie” (non-subdivided area). To force to coexistence, hasn't the metropolis generated new phenomena, with different degrees and intensities of planification and spontaneity? The meeting of the two procedures does not define a dual report, but an interval. In this context, the "village" understood in its social and community dimension becomes an urban environment generating shared spaces. Communal structures are questioning what is possible and redefine what a metropolis is every day: they make flexible any form of planning. Thus, we hypothesize that the study of "City-village(s)” of Ouagadougou may lead to new knowledge to the creation of tools for understanding contemporary urbanized territories
Ahounou, Chantal. "Education noire et conscience politique de la jeunesse noire urbanisée en Afrique du Sud 1945 - 1990". Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070152.
Testo completoBy the late 1940s, the missionary education produced the emergence of Bantou education system in South Africa. His evolution is analysed between 1948 and 1990. When the government decided to introduce Bantu education, the black youth reacted vehemently. Since 1976, they created a culture of resistance
Perrin, Mathieu. "La territorialisation de l'habiter, ou l'affirmation progressive des intérêts et pouvoirs habitants dans la géographie et la gouvernance urbaines : espace et démocratie aux Etats-Unis d'Amérique, au Brésil et en Afrique du Sud (XIXe - XXIe siècles)". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01011855.
Testo completoDewel, Serge. "ADDIS ABÄBA (Éthiopie) 1886-1966. Construction d'une nouvelle capitale pour une ancienne nation souveraine". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF021/document.
Testo completoWhile fiercely struggling for its independence during the second half of the 19th century, Ethiopia extended considerably its territory. A region of meadows and mountains, at the southern march, became the centre of the country in its new borders. There, in 1886, what was first founded as a garrison camp for its strategic position became Addis Abäba, soon the new capital at the crossroads of the world.This thesis aims to highlight the part played by the national sovereignty and its recognition in the particular process of the Ethiopian capital foundation and its perpetuation, as well as its development during the 20th century. The main growing phases of Addis Abäba might only be understood in terms of its international context whilst Ethiopian sovereignty and independence were jeopardized. During those particular times, the rulers used Addis Abäba as a stage for its performance, expanding the city and provided it with architectural and monumental heritage. For this, they drew in the country’s long-time history, in the strong commitment to the Ethiopian Christianity – the "Täwahǝdo" – and into the "Kǝbrä Nägäst" the national myth. The successive systems and reigns until the 21st century have adopted the same urban and building response
Charles-Dominé, Julie. "Enjeux et dynamiques de l'information géographique dans la gouvernance des territoires urbains du sud-Bénin. : Le registre foncier urbain, un nouvel outil et ses pratiques à l'heure de la décentralisation". Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841575.
Testo completoYouego, Sihon Joëlle Reine. "Impacts des facteurs lithologiques et anthropiques sur la qualité des eaux en zone tropicale urbanisée : cas du bassin versant de la Mefou (Cameroun, Afrique centrale)". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/5127/.
Testo completoThis research addresses the influence of human activities on tropical hydro-ecosystems. Its purpose is to assess the impact of urbanization on water resources. It aims to improve our knowledge of geochemical processes and material transfers in urban and peri-urban areas. The study was conducted in the Mefou river basin (840 km2, Central Africa), a tributary of the Nyong River. This basin includes the entire urban and peri-urban area of the city of Yaoundé, the capital of Cameroon, with a population of about 2.8 million inhabitants, and classified as the country's second largest metropolis. Concentrations of major and trace elements in the dissolved fraction, dissolved and particulate organic carbon, and metals in suspended solids were measured in groundwater and runoff water from the Mefou basin heads to the Nyong River. The results present the interactions between water/rock/soil and the effects of urbanization. The normalization of concentrations with the Upper Continental Crust (UCC) shows the influence of the granito-gneissic bedrock on the composition of groundwater and surface water in the Mefou catchment area. There is an enrichment in alkalis (Na, K), alkaline earths (Ca, Mg), transition metals (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) and REEs (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Yb, Lu). The remarkable enrichment of surface waters in Eu is explained by the alteration of plagioclases. Comparison of the Mefou catchment area with the reference sites, the Nsimi catchment area (source and stream of the Mengong) and the Nyong River monitored for more than twenty years under the SNO MTROPICS, shows a very significant enrichment of the waters in major elements (Cl, SO4, NO3, Na, K, Ca, Mg). Human activities lead to water contamination by nutrients and metals, and influence the dynamics of processes such as the absence of metal complexation by organic matter, probably due to the absence or low concentration of humic and fulvic acids. In groundwater, Mn, Al, Ba, Zn, Zn, Fe are the dominant transition metals and nitrate contamination (942 ± 127 µmol/L) is noted with concentrations above the standard set by the World Health Organization (806 µmol/L), and to a lesser extent by some metals like Al, Mn. In surface waters, Fe, Mn, Ba, Al, Zn, Cu are the most important metallic trace elements. However, the average concentration of Mn (4.1 ± 0.8 µmol/L) and the maximum concentration of Fe (267 µmol/L) are higher than the recommended standards (1.8 µmol/L and 35.8 µmol/L, respectively). Pollution is gradually decreasing from Mfoundi (a tributary of the Mefou River in town) to the Mefou River and the Nyong River. This natural self-regulation process is due to the dilution, sedimentation, degradation and adsorption of elements in lowland areas and in the riverbed occupied by macrophytes with a phytoremediator role. Indeed, the large volumes of water from the other tributaries of the Mefou and Nyong rivers, which drain areas with little or no anthropisation, dilute the concentration of elements in the highly mineralised waters from the urban area. The flat relief downstream of the Mefou basin slows the flow of the river and favours the deposition of suspended particles loaded with pollutants. The roots of the macrophytes in this vast and highly developed swampy area trap the organic and mineral pollutants of the Mefou River and contribute to the decrease in their concentration in the river's water
Mastere, Mohamed. "L'aléa mouvements de terrain dans la province de Chefchaouen (Rif Central, Maroc). Analyse Spatiale, et Modélisation Probabiliste Multi-Echelle". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00679623.
Testo completoFoury, Nazim Fouad. "L'effectivité des instruments de protection et d'aménagement du littoral méditerranéen : cas de l'Algérie". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0220.
Testo completoThe Algerian coastline is characterized by rich natural resources which offer important economic potential. Nonetheless, this part of the country finds itself victim of its own success and have to face a multitude of problems, especially the over-exploitation of its resources which have been amplified by a massive urbanization that is accelerated more and more, but also by pollution and a deterioration of the coastal areas. Moreover, and to best answer the numerous incoherencies that result from these multiple problems that hit the Algerian coastline, the state has to take necessary measures to find a right balance between the use of this space and its preservation. The thorough analysis of the institutional and legal framework put in place by the Algerian public authorities, proves the existence of a real inadequacy in terms of coastal governance, as well as incomplete judicial texts with regards to coastal preservation and development. The primary challenge of the government is to redress these shortcomings, by putting in place an integrated and global management policy of the coast that will allow a balanced and sustained development of this space
Charles-Dominé, Julie. "Enjeux et dynamiques de l'information géographique dans la gouvernance des territoires urbains du sud-Bénin. : Le registre foncier urbain, un nouvel outil et ses pratiques à l'heure de la décentralisation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3100.
Testo completoGeographic information and its IT tools with the Geographic Information Systems have become necessary elements in territorial development and administration. The aim of this research is to investigate the role of geographic information in the making of territorial government and in the definition of public action policy in the cities and countries of the South. Taking as our starting point a case study carried out in the coastal region of Benin, within a context of the increased presence of international development agencies, particular attention has been paid to the roles of each of the various parties and the intertwining of the various scales (i.e. on a international, national, regional and communal level) brought on by the production, access and practical use of this information and tools. Our research is situated at the crossroads of land management policy, within an era of globalisation with increase and expansion of professional techniques and access to the information and the decentralization and municipalization meant to encourage the role of local authorities in the process of regional development. This study however questions the adaptability of models from North to South and their opportunities for local ownership: resistance, cohabitation and resilience of cultural values and customary practices with technological and binding management augured by the dissemination of geographical information and its tools
Simonneau, Claire. "Gérer la ville au Bénin : la mise en œuvre du Registre foncier urbain à Cotonou, Porto-Novo et Bohicon". Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13501.
Testo completoThe management of West African cities is problematic nowadays: uncontrolled urban sprawl, insufficient basic services, and land insecurity. Yet, major reforms had been put in place with the assistance of international aid to enhance the effectiveness of urban management; which seems to have failed. Going beyond this policy failure statement, the present dissertation aims at understanding how “managing the city” takes place in the particular context of West Africa. The implementation of the Urban Land Registry (RFU), a municipal and multi-purpose land information system that has been put in place in Benin through development programmes in the early 1990s, is the lens through which urban management is examined. Urban management is then studied through the actions taken rather than through the discourses. With a socio-anthropological approach, the implementation of the instrument is analysed from the stakeholders’ perspectives and according to a double analysis grid. On the one hand, the analysis aims at understanding the local appropriation of the RFU inside public administrations; and on the other hand, its aims at comprehending the interaction of the RFU with the territory, in particular with the complex dynamics of access to the land and land security. A multiple case study was conducted in three municipalities: Cotonou, Porto-Novo, and Bohicon. This study led to two main conclusions. First, the RFU is recognized as the key instrument of local taxation, but it is minimally implemented. This particular functioning is an optimal adaptation to a context made of: 1) professional rivalries in a compartmentalized administration, 2) political and financial stakes related to different sources of local revenues, and 3) political and institutional tensions provoked by the late decentralisation. Then, the RFU’s impacts in terms of national professional capacities are insufficient to reform urban management from inside municipal administration. Second, a key function of the RFU that is centralizing information on presumed landowners is impeded by the commodification of land information and by the territorialisation of land regulatory modes. This affects the implementation of the RFU as it takes part in this land information market, but with little success; and its impact is differentiated according to the ‘land regulation territory’ it applies. Finally, ‘managing the city’ in Benin is not an automatic task, even with the introduction of management instruments such as the RFU. Administration and politics continue to shape municipal policies, and the pluralistic city is managed in a differentiated manner. To the designers of public action (policies), this dissertation encourages to take into account existing regulation modes in African societies, even if they are multiple and complex, and it recognises the singular process of institution building in Africa.