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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Urban water supply systems"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 30 gennaio 2023

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1

Luthy, Richard G., e David L. Sedlak. "Urban Water-Supply Reinvention". Daedalus 144, n. 3 (luglio 2015): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00343.

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Cities in drought-prone regions of the American West and Australia provide examples of innovative approaches to utilizing local water resources to achieve more resilient water supplies. Geographical realities, population growth, and favorable economic conditions can create the impetus for investments in new technologies, while support by activist groups and NGOs can encourage more sustainable approaches using locally sourced water. New approaches–whether desalination, stormwater use, water recycling, or potable reuse–share a common path to mass adoption. After a period of piloting and demonstration-scale projects, water providers with few options become early adopters of new technologies. And after the early adopters have gained experience and have used it to support the new approaches, the costs and risks of failure decrease for other providers. Thus, a wider cross section can adopt the new approach. The pioneering projects described herein are the first stage of the reinvention of our urban water systems.

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Cabezas, L. Moris, e Ralph A. Wurbs. "Economic Evaluation of Urban Water Supply Systems". Journal of Urban Planning and Development 112, n. 2 (dicembre 1986): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9488(1986)112:2(46).

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Perera, B. J. C., e Gary P. Codner. "Reservoir Targets for Urban Water Supply Systems". Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 122, n. 4 (luglio 1996): 270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1996)122:4(270).

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4

Bediako, Isaac Asare, Xicang Zhao, Henry Asante Antwi e Claudia Nyarko Mensah. "Urban water supply systems improvement through water technology adoption". Technology in Society 55 (novembre 2018): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2018.06.005.

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5

Xu, Y. "Inexact Management Modeling for Urban Water Supply Systems". Journal of Environmental Informatics 20, n. 1 (1 settembre 2012): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3808/jei.201200218.

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6

Wilchfort, Orit, e Jay R. Lund. "Shortage Management Modeling for Urban Water Supply Systems". Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 123, n. 4 (luglio 1997): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1997)123:4(250).

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7

Michele, Antonio Valerio Di, e Wanchai Ghooprasert. "Selection of Urban Water Supply Systems For Upgrading". Water International 15, n. 2 (gennaio 1990): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508069008687127.

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8

Richter, Brian D., Mary Elizabeth Blount, Cara Bottorff, Holly E. Brooks, Amanda Demmerle, Brittany L. Gardner, Haley Herrmann et al. "Assessing the Sustainability of Urban Water Supply Systems". Journal - American Water Works Association 110, n. 2 (febbraio 2018): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/awwa.1002.

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9

Howe, Charles W., Mark Griffin Smith, Lynne Bennett, Charles M. Brendecke, J. Ernest Flack, Robert M. Hamm, Roger Mann, Lee Rozaklis e Karl Wunderlich. "The Value of Water Supply Reliability in Urban Water Systems". Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 26, n. 1 (gennaio 1994): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jeem.1994.1002.

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10

Liu, S. Q. "Urban water supply management in Shanghai". Water Supply 7, n. 2 (1 luglio 2007): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.039.

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Shanghai is the largest city in China with fast growth of population and economics during the last two decades. Management of water resource and water supply systems is one of the most important strategies for its sustainable urban development. In order to meet the increasing requirements of water demand, studies on policies and technologies for water resources development and water supply management have been implemented in the last few years. New water resource projects, water saving policies and water quality improvement have been adopted and played important roles for Shanghai's long-term rapid development.

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Oluwasanya, Grace, Jennifer Smith e Richard Carter. "Self supply systems: Urban dug wells in Abeokuta, Nigeria". Water Supply 11, n. 2 (1 aprile 2011): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.026.

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Self supply systems are privately owned household water sources. The systems are generally perceived as playing a role in water service delivery to the rural poor. The systems' yielding safe drinking-water also receives little attention in literature and policy, relative to public and communal sources. This paper assessed urban self supply wells and argues that self supply is a coping water supply strategy of not only the rural poor, but also of the unserved in the cities. The assessment included inventory and classification of sources, forms of access to sources, types and number of users in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Ninety eight percent of the self supply sources in the study area are hand dug wells. The design and construction features vary from protected, semi-protected to unprotected well structures. Forty five percent of the urban population is found to have access to either a restricted or free access hand dug well. The paper emphasizes the need to see self supply sources as the third angle, which completes the water supply triangle with the public and communal water systems as the other angles.

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Margeta, Jure, e Bojan Đurin. "Multi-criteria approach in solar urban water supply systems". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Management 170, n. 6 (dicembre 2017): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jwama.16.00010.

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13

da Conceição Cunha, Maria. "Briefing: Proactive risk management of urban water supply systems". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning 162, n. 1 (marzo 2009): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/udap.2009.162.1.3.

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14

Li, Kebai, Tianyi Ma e Guo Wei. "Multiple Urban Domestic Water Systems: Method for Simultaneously Stabilized Robust Control Decision". Sustainability 10, n. 11 (8 novembre 2018): 4092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114092.

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The distribution of water resources and the degree of economic development in different cities will result in different parameters for the supply and demand of domestic water in each city. In this paper, a simultaneous stabilization and robust control method is proposed for decision-making regarding multiple urban domestic water systems. The urban water demand is expressed as the product of the urban domestic water consumption population and per capita domestic water consumption. The fixed capital investment and labor input of the urban domestic water supply industry are used as control variables. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory and the linear matrix inequality method, multiple urban domestic water supply and demand systems can accomplish asymptotical stability through the coordinated input of investment and labor. For an empirical analysis, we take six cities—Nanjing, Wuxi, Nantong, Yangzhou, Xuzhou, and Lianyungang—in Jiangsu Province, China, to study the simultaneously stabilized coordinated control scheme. The simulation results show that the same control scheme simultaneously achieves the asymptotic stability of these urban domestic water supply and demand systems, and is robust when it comes to the variation of system parameters. This method is particularly suitable for a water resources administrative agency to make a unified decision-making arrangement for water supply input in different areas. It will help synchronize multiple urban domestic water managements and reduce the difficulty of control.

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Фонтана, Каринэ, Karine Fontana, Баграт Ерзнкян e Bagrat Yerznkyan. "Urban Water Utilization Scheme: an Analysis of Information Systems of Innovative Management". Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2018, n. 4 (14 gennaio 2019): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2018-4-157-163.

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The paper features some relevant issues of developing an adequate policy in the field of urban water supply. The authors analyze the information systems of innovative management of organizations of the urban water utilization scheme, recycling of water resources and sewage. They identify the specifics of information systems from the point of view of their use in the Russian practice of sustainable water supply. The research involved analytical and logical methods, as well as theoretical developments in the field of management of urban organizations. As a result, the authors managed to identify the tools for the strategy of sustainable urban water utilization scheme. They prove that its development is hindered by the lack of comprehensive and reliable information to support strategic development, policy development, and management decisions. Based on the analysis of information systems, they point out topical issues that need to be addressed at various levels and introduce new principles for the urban water utilization scheme. Sustainable urban development is inextricably linked with the solution of the water supply problem, including recycling of water resources and sewage. The paper offers some provisions for a sustainable urban water supply strategy.

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Weber, B., P. Cornel e M. Wagner. "Semi-centralised supply and treatment systems for (fast growing) urban areas". Water Science and Technology 55, n. 1-2 (1 gennaio 2007): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.021.

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Mega cities with rapid growth are challenged by two main problems concerning water supply and sanitation. One is water scarcity because local demand exceeds local supply. The other is that the infrastructure for water supply and the collection and treatment of wastewater cannot keep up with the rapid growth of the mega cities. The transfer of conventional centralised water and wastewater systems from industrialised countries to mega cities does not seem appropriate, because of the rapid and almost unpredictable growth in mega cities on the one hand and the regional shortage of water which requires an economical use and reuse wherever possible on the other hand. The transition from centralised to semi-centralised supply and treatment systems (SESATS) may be one method of resolution to the grave discrepancy between the rapid growth of cities and the provision of supply and treatment infrastructure. One important aspect of planning semi-centralised wastewater collection and treatment infrastructure including intra-urban water reuse is the assessment of the optimal size. Therefore, factors and indicators, which have an effect on the scale of semi-centralised sanitation systems, have to be developed. Beside the introduction in SESATS some of these factors, criteria and indicators and their effects on the system's scale will be introduced in this paper.

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Maheepala, S., e C. Perera. "Climate change and reliability of urban water supply". Water Science and Technology 47, n. 7-8 (1 aprile 2003): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0677.

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This paper describes a probability-based method for assessing the potential impact of climate change on urban water supply systems. Specifically, the assessment method uses probability distributions to place a confidence level on the plausible values of response variables. The Benalla water supply system has been used to demonstrate applicability of the proposed assessment method. For the application, the impact of the 2030 climate change scenarios on streamflows and system yield has been examined. The preliminary results have demonstrated that the proposed assessment method can provide valuable insights into the impact of climate change on water supply systems, allowing it to be incorporated into planning decisions.

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Gómez-Llanos, Eva, Juana Arias-Trujillo, Pablo Durán-Barroso, José M. Ceballos-Martínez, Jesús A. Torrecilla-Pinero, Carlos Urueña-Fernández e Miguel Candel-Pérez. "Hydropower Potential Assessment in Water Supply Systems". Proceedings 2, n. 20 (19 ottobre 2018): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2201299.

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Energy recovery in water supply systems (WSS) is environmentally friendly, since it is a renewable energy based on exploiting the excess pressure existing in water pipes for obtaining electricity. This paper presents the methodology development for the identification of the hydropower potential in WSS and the possible installations by means of a Matlab rutine. The results showed the interactions among the design flow and maximum head have provided the possible scenarios with electric potential and the selection of possible turbines. The methodology proposed allows determining the suitability of electricity production in the urban water cycle by MHPs, in order to avoid the need for the installation of dissipation devices for this energy.

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Grandet, C., P. J. Binning, P. S. Mikkelsen e F. Blanchet. "Effects of rainwater harvesting on centralized urban water supply systems". Water Supply 10, n. 4 (1 settembre 2010): 570–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.172.

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The potential effect of widespread rainwater harvesting practices on mains water demand and quality management are investigated for three different types of urban areas characterized by different roof area to water demand ratios. Two rainfall patterns are considered with similar average annual depths but very different temporal distributions. Supply reliability and the extent of reliance on the public distribution system are identified as suitable performance indicators for mains water infrastructure. A uniform temporal distribution of rainfall in an oceanic climate like that of Dinard, Northern France, yielded supply reliabilities close to 100% for reasonable tank sizes (0.065 m3/m2 of roof area in Dinard compared with 0.262 m3/m2 in Nice with a RWSO of 30% for a detached house). However, the collection and use of rainfall results in a permanent decrease in mains water demand leading to an increase in water age in the distribution network. Investigations carried on a real network showed that water age is greatly affected when rainwater supplies more than 30% of the overall water demand. In urban water utilities planning, rainwater supply systems may however be profitable for the community if they enable the deferment of requirements for new mains water infrastructure.

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20

Song, Peibing, Chao Wang, Wei Zhang, Weifeng Liu, Jiahui Sun, Xiaoying Wang, Xiaohui Lei e Hao Wang. "Urban Multi-Source Water Supply in China: Variation Tendency, Modeling Methods and Challenges". Water 12, n. 4 (23 aprile 2020): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041199.

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Urban water resources are the basis for the formation and development of cities and the source of urban water supply. However, with the acceleration of urbanization and the explosion of urban populations, the contradiction between water supply and demand in some areas, especially in big cities, has become increasingly prominent. It is simply not sufficient to rely on local conventional water resources to meet urban water demand, and a single source water supply mode has a higher vulnerability, resulting in greater safety risks in urban or regional water supply systems. Therefore, giving full play to the water supply capacity and carrying out multi-source water supplies are necessary and urgent. This paper gives an overview of the optimal allocation of multi-source for urban water supply concerning variation tendency, modeling methods and facing challenges. Based on the variation tendency of water consumption and water supply pattern in China, Tianjin is taken as a typical city for systematically outlining water supply changes and cause analysis. Subsequently, the modeling methods for proposing the optimal allocation scheme are summarized, which are composed of defining the topological relation, constructing the mathematical model and seeking the optimal solution. Ultimately, the current and emerging challenges are discussed including emergency operation of multi-source water supply and joint operation of water quality and quantity. These summaries and prospects provide a valuable reference for giving full play to the multi-source water supply capacity and carrying out relevant research so as to propose the optimal allocation scheme in urban multi-source water supply systems.

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Deines, Jillian M., Xiao Liu e Jianguo Liu. "Telecoupling in urban water systems: an examination of Beijing’s imported water supply". Water International 41, n. 2 (2 dicembre 2015): 251–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2015.1113485.

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22

HELEREA, ELENA, VLAD COJANU e MARIUS-DANIEL CĂLIN. "Interconnectivity between energy and water supply systems". Journal of Engineering Sciences and Innovation 7, n. 2 (14 giugno 2022): 263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.56958/jesi.2022.7.2.263.

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"Water and energy are basic resources for humanity. As the processes of providing these resources have a major contribution to intensifying climate change, there has been a growing interest in finding ways to balance the demand and consumption of these resources, strengthening the resilience of these systems to socio-economic and environmental disturbances. This paper analyses the characteristics of interconnectivity between two systems – energy supply system and water supply system. The connections between demand and consumption of water and energy in these interrelated supply systems are highlighted at the level of EU and world regions. The concept of Water-Energy Nexus is introduced and different models and indicators are described. The specific energy indicators on “energy for water” are analyzed for the case of urban water supply systems and ways for energy efficiency increasing are established."

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23

King, D. M., e B. J. C. Perera. "Sensitivity Analysis of Yield Estimate of Urban Water Supply Systems". Australasian Journal of Water Resources 14, n. 2 (gennaio 2011): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2011.11465382.

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Watanabe, Haruhiko, Sheng Ping Zhang e Norio Okada. "Stability Analysis of Urban Water Supply Systems with Wastewater Reuse." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, n. 524 (1995): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1995.524_121.

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Kenway, S. J., G. M. Turner, S. Cook e T. Baynes. "Water and energy futures for Melbourne: implications of land use, water use, and water supply strategy". Journal of Water and Climate Change 5, n. 2 (21 dicembre 2013): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2013.188.

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This paper quantifies the effect of three policy levels on the water and energy futures of Melbourne, Australia. During a time of severe water shortages attributed to climate change, water strategies lacked consideration of energy consequences. Modeling, guided by urban metabolism theory, demonstrated that a compact urban form, reduced water consumption by 90 GL/a, compared with a sprawling city, and had greater water conservation impact than simulated demand management measures. Household water conservation, coupled with increased use of solar hot water systems, reduced grid energy use by some 30 PJ/a. Desalination, tripled water supply energy demand, growing to a total of 4.5 PJ/a, by 2045. While the increase is less than 1% of total Melbourne urban energy use, it contributes to a substantial increase in the energy bill for urban water provision. Importantly, the energy impact could be offset through demand management measures. Recommendations for the combined management of water and energy include improving energy characterization of the urban water cycle; impact-evaluation of regional plans; using total urban water and energy balances in analysis to provide context; and developing reporting mechanisms and indicators to help improve baseline data across the water and energy systems.

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Li, Hong Yan, e Xiu Ping Yue. "Study on Energy-Saving of Urban Water Supply System Variable Frequency Pumping Station". Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (novembre 2011): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.254.

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Energy is an important material foundation for developing the national economy and improving human living standards. We discussed the energy-saving principle of urban water supply system variable frequency pumping by analyzing the urban water supply and water pumping station curves, further studied the best speed and flow adjustment range of the Urban Water Supply Systems Variable Speed Pump, from both economic and efficient operation of pumps taken into account to determine the best number of the speed pump sets, which can be referenced for the design of urban water supply system variable frequency speed pump station.

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Kharmylliem, Bankerlang, e Ngamjahao Kipgen. "Assessing the Sustainability of Urban Water Supply Systems in Shillong, India". Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 20, n. 3 (12 agosto 2021): 251–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341594.

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Abstract This article examines urban water supply systems by using indicators such as quantity, quality, accessibility, and reliability. Shillong city is divided into numerous localities, each governed by both formal (municipal) and informal (non-municipal) institutions. This study focuses on domestic water aspects in non-municipal areas and argues that water inequity is more prominent and widespread, and the role of local institutions in water governance is greater and more significant. The article underscores the complementarity between water distribution and water governance rendered by the local institutions.

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Odjegba, Enovwo, Grace Oluwasanya, Olufemi Idowu, Olufunke Shittu e Gail Brion. "Sustainability indices and risk analysis of drinking water systems in Southwest Nigeria". Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 69, n. 6 (24 agosto 2020): 591–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2020.002.

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Abstract This study focused on designing a drinking water systems sustainability index for Integrated Water Resources Management in low-income countries. Water Supply Systems Sustainability Index (WSSI), a field assessment tool, was designed for rapid appraisal of drinking water systems in selected urban, peri-urban and rural Nigerian communities. The systems were classified into Highly Sustainable, Sustainable, Averagely Sustainable, and Unsustainable WSSI categories. Sanitary Risk Score (SRS) was assigned, classifying drinking water systems into Very High, High, Intermediate (Medium) and Low-Risk categories. WSSI results revealed that for urban systems, 90 are Highly Sustainable, 27 are Sustainable and 12 are Averagely Sustainable. For peri-urban systems, 13 are Highly Sustainable, 7 Sustainable and 1 Averagely Sustainable. Only urban hand-dug wells are in the Very High-Risk category. Public water supplies occurred only in the Low-Risk (17) and Intermediate-Risk (6) categories. Urban and rural boreholes had better quality than peri-urban boreholes. WSSI and SRS correlation result indicated strong positive correlation for urban hand-dug wells' (R2 = 0.5688, at p < 0.05) and weak positive correlation between peri-urban hand-dug wells' (R2 = 0.1847, at p < 0.05) and urban boreholes' WSSI and SRS (R2 = 0.2032, at p < 0.05). Findings showed that drinking water systems are, generally, sustainable and WSSI could be incorporated into community-level water supply assessment.

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Gurung, Thulo Ram, Rodney A. Stewart, Cara D. Beal e Ashok K. Sharma. "Investigating the Financial Implications and Viability of Diversified Water Supply Systems in an Urban Water Supply Zone". Water Resources Management 30, n. 11 (21 giugno 2016): 4037–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-016-1411-x.

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Isakov, V. G., S. V. Vologdin, D. S. Ponomarev e M. Y. Dyagelev. "Modeling and system analysis of drinking water parameters in urban water supply systems". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 537 (18 giugno 2019): 062045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/537/6/062045.

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Huang, Chenfan, Yue Li, Xuyao Li, Hongtao Wang, Jinyue Yan, Xin Wang, Jiang Wu e Fengting Li. "Understanding the water-energy nexus in urban water supply systems with city features". Energy Procedia 152 (ottobre 2018): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.09.121.

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Teichmann, M., D. Kuta, N. Szeligova e F. Kuda. "Evaluation of urban water networks - Case study". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 900, n. 1 (1 novembre 2021): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/900/1/012047.

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Abstract The subject of the paper is the elaboration of the topic of modeling and optimization of the reliability of systems for drinking water supply in the town of Hlucin and the adjacent villages Bobrovniky and Darkovicky. The paper points out modern ways of management and maintenance of these buildings, eg in the form of passportization, unification of various types of documentation, records of failures and accidents, etc. The aim is to point out possible ways to optimize these buildings and overall evaluation of the water supply network, including the suitable renewal schedule design. These practices are essential for the efficient operation of water supply networks, especially nowadays, when there is a shortage of water and it is necessary to promote sustainable urban development through its economical management.

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Tsakiris, George, e Mike Spiliotis. "Uncertainty in the analysis of urban water supply and distribution systems". Journal of Hydroinformatics 19, n. 6 (5 maggio 2017): 823–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2017.134.

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Abstract Conventionally, the design of urban water supply and distribution systems is based on the assumption that all the involved parameters are known a priori and remain unaltered throughout the life cycle of the system. However, significant uncertainties do appear during the analysis and design of these systems, such as the equivalent pipe roughness and the actual internal diameters of the pipes. To study these uncertainties, the water supply and the looped water distribution systems are studied separately. For the water supply system, these uncertainties are incorporated in the analysis of the system, using the extension principle of the fuzzy sets and a new operation of the fuzzy subtraction. Based on the calculation of head losses for each branch of the system, the nodal heads are obtained as fuzzy numbers. In regard to the looped water distribution system, a methodology is developed and proposed, based on the extension principle and leading to several optimisation problems with respect to the branches of the system. The aim of the proposed methodology is to determine the α-cuts and finally produce the shape of the membership function of flows in the branches of the system. Both methodologies are illustrated by numerical examples.

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Gromov, Grigory N., Darya D. Khudyakova e Kirill G. Pyankov. "Approaches to the implementation of hydraulic electronic models of centralized water supply systems". Vestnik MGSU, n. 5 (maggio 2021): 623–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2021.5.623-634.

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Introduction. The analysis of the Russian normative and methodological documents, as well as research articles, has identified gaps in the development and practical implementation of hydraulic electronic models of existing water supply systems. The user guide of the software products, used to design these models, merely demonstrates the capabilities of software modules and misses the outcome of their application in certain cases. Decree No. 782 issued by the RF Government on September 5, 2013, being the document that regulates the development of electronic models of water supply systems, lists the requirements applied to software. The document, titled Construction regulations SP 31.13330.2012, has the requirements applicable to the hydraulic analysis of water supply system designs. This suggests that the Russian regulatory environment has no document that contains the basic requirements governing the development and detailing of hydraulic electronic models of water supply systems. This is an essential problem of urban utility networks, since the hydraulic electronic model is the basis for any further actions in strict accordance with which a development plan of a centralized urban water supply system is designed. Materials and methods. The article has a scientific review of the problem of design of electronic hydraulic models of centralized water supply systems and basic principles and approaches to electronic model generation. Results. The co-authors provide a detailed description of a methodology used to develop a model of urban water supply systems as well as the requirements set by foreign standards. Conclusions. Model development and calibration is structured in the article. This information is needed to adjust the characteristics of the designed model to a water supply system in operation.

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Kizilöz, Burak, e Eyüp Sisman. "A new performance analysis model for urban water supply systems evaluation". DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 235 (2021): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2021.27648.

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MASUYAMA, Takaaki, Oliver C. SAAVEDRA V. e Chihiro YOSHIMURA. "VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF URBAN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS TO DROUGHT IN JAPAN". Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering) 69, n. 4 (2013): I_169—I_174. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejhe.69.i_169.

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Bondarenko, V. L., E. D. Khetsuriani, A. I. Ilyasov e E. A. Semenova. "Evaluation of environmental safety of waterworks for urban water supply systems". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 698 (18 dicembre 2019): 077060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/698/7/077060.

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38

Akallah, Jethron Ayumbah. "Wells and Boreholes: Resilient Water Provision in Nairobi". HoST - Journal of History of Science and Technology 16, n. 1 (1 giugno 2022): 48–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/host-2022-0004.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract In most Global South cities, the majority of urban residents, especially those in informal settlements, continue to survive off the main infrastructural grid. In Nairobi for instance, over 60% of residents live in informal settlements, defined by widespread squalor and shortage of key infrastructures for everyday living. Despite their existence as unplanned, these informal settlements have witnessed some forms of innovation around alternative technologies for water provision. Through oral and archival sources, this article shows that although large infrastructural systems are critical to urban dwellers, Nairobi’s waterscape has always found its resilience in a quilted landscape of water supply technologies. As part of this quilt, boreholes and wells have long been essential, either as key solutions or as complements to the main supply system. The author explores the development of Nairobi’s centralised formal water supply system from 1899 to date locating inherently built vulnerabilities that are born out of the dependency on large infrastructural systems. He concludes that the centralised piped water supply system is critical hence vulnerable, and that urban resilience for both the poor and rich urban class, is built on alternatives that ensure multiplicity of access and usage.

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39

Angelakis, A. N., e S. V. Spyridakis. "Major urban water and wastewater systems in Minoan Crete, Greece". Water Supply 13, n. 3 (1 maggio 2013): 564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.091.

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During the Minoan era a number of remarkable developments occurred on the Greek island of Crete which have been widely recognized. However, one of the salient characteristics was the architectural and hydraulic function of its water supply, sewerage, and drainage systems in the Minoan palaces, cities, and other settlements. It might be inferred, therefore, that Minoan master craftsmen in Bronze Age Crete were aware of some of the basic principles of what we call today water and environmental technologies. The scope of this study is the presentation of the most characteristic examples of extant hydraulic works and related hydro-technologies in Minoan Crete. During Minoan times the focus of water management was on sustainable, small-scale safe, cost-efficient and environmentally-friendly practices which might be relevant today, as the water supply and wastewater management problems of modern societies are not very different from those faced by Minoans.

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40

Rojek, Izabela, e Jan Studzinski. "Detection and Localization of Water Leaks in Water Nets Supported by an ICT System with Artificial Intelligence Methods as a Way Forward for Smart Cities". Sustainability 11, n. 2 (19 gennaio 2019): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020518.

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The last decade has seen the development of complex IT systems to support city management, i.e., the creation of so-called intelligent cities. These systems include modules dedicated to particular branches of municipal economy, such as urban transport, heating systems, energy systems, telecommunications, and finally water and sewage management. In turn, with regard to the latter branch, IT systems supporting the management of water supply and sewage networks and sewage treatment plants are being developed. This paper deals with the system concerning the urban water supply network, and in particular, with the subsystem for detecting and locating leakages on the water supply network, including so-called hidden leakages. These leaks cause the greatest water losses in networks, especially in old ones, with a very diverse age and material structure. In the proposed concept of the subsystem consisting of a GIS (Geographical Information System), SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system and hydraulic model of the water supply network, an algorithm of leak detection and location based on the neural networks’ MLP (multi-layer perceptron) and Kohonen was developed. The algorithm has been tested on the hydraulic models of several municipal water supply networks.

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41

Lam, K. L., P. A. Lant e S. J. Kenway. "Energy implications of the millennium drought on urban water cycles in Southeast Australian cities". Water Supply 18, n. 1 (6 giugno 2017): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.110.

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Abstract During the Millennium Drought in Australia, a wide range of supply-side and demand-side water management strategies were adopted in major southeast Australian cities. This study undertakes a time-series quantification (2001–2014) and comparative analysis of the energy use of the urban water supply systems and sewage systems in Melbourne and Sydney before, during and after the drought, and evaluates the energy implications of the drought and the implemented strategies. In addition, the energy implications of residential water use in Melbourne are estimated. The research highlights that large-scale adoption of water conservation strategies can have different impacts on energy use in different parts of the urban water cycle. In Melbourne, the per capita water-related energy use reduction in households related to showering and clothes-washing alone (46% reduction, 580 kWhth/p/yr) was far more substantial than that in the water supply system (32% reduction, 18 kWhth/p/yr). This historical case also demonstrates the importance of balancing supply- and demand-side strategies in managing long-term water security and related energy use. The significant energy saving in water supply systems and households from water conservation can offset the additional energy use from operating energy-intensive supply options such as inter-basin water transfers and seawater desalination during dry years.

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Costa dos Santos, D., e A. Benetti. "Application of the urban water use model for urban water use management purposes". Water Science and Technology 70, n. 3 (22 maggio 2014): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.229.

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The aim of this work is to present an application of the urban water use (UWU) model, which is a support decision tool to define the best group of efficient water use measures for UWU management purposes. Therefore, the UWU was developed under integrated urban water management (IUWM) and strategic planning principles to promote a systemic approach for decision taking. The IUWM considers the interfaces between water service systems, while by strategic planning it is possible to elaborate a vision to be achieved in future scenarios. Specifically to define the best measure group of efficient water use, the UWU has many alternatives for these measures, which are based on water demand management, decentralized sanitation, ecological sanitation and sustainable urban drainage system philosophies. In this context, the UWU application presented was developed for Seara city, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. In this application a vision and five scenarios were built. The measure groups were composed by greywater systems, filterstrips, water saving devices in buildings, and water loss reduction in water supply systems and wastewater treatment system. In this context the UWU model was applied. The measure group that presented the highest effectiveness was based on the water demand management and decentralized sanitation strategies.

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Jameel, Yusuf, Simon Brewer, Richard P. Fiorella, Brett J. Tipple, Shazelle Terry e Gabriel J. Bowen. "Isotopic reconnaissance of urban water supply system dynamics". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, n. 11 (28 novembre 2018): 6109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6109-2018.

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Abstract. Public water supply systems (PWSS) are critical infrastructure that is vulnerable to contamination and physical disruption. Exploring susceptibility of PWSS to such perturbations requires detailed knowledge of supply system structure and operation. The physical structure of the distribution system (i.e., pipeline connections) and basic information on sources are documented for most industrialized metropolises. Yet, most information on PWSS function comes from hydrodynamic models that are seldom validated using observational data. In developing regions, the issue may be exasperated as information regarding the physical structure of the PWSS may be incorrect, incomplete, undocumented, or difficult to obtain in many cities. Here, we present a novel application of stable isotopes in water (SIW) to quantify the contribution of different water sources, identify static and dynamic regions (e.g., regions supplied chiefly by one source vs. those experiencing active mixing between multiple sources), and reconstruct basic flow patterns in a large and complex PWSS. Our analysis, based on a Bayesian mixing model framework, uses basic information on the SIW and production volumes of sources but requires no information on pipeline connections in the system. Our work highlights the ability of stable isotopes in water to analyze PWSS and document aspects of supply system structure and operation that can otherwise be challenging to observe. This method could allow water managers to document spatiotemporal variation in flow patterns within PWSS, validate hydrodynamic model results, track pathways of contaminant propagation, optimize water supply operation, and help monitor and enforce water rights.

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Bieker, S., P. Cornel e M. Wagner. "Semicentralised supply and treatment systems: integrated infrastructure solutions for fast growing urban areas". Water Science and Technology 61, n. 11 (1 giugno 2010): 2905–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.189.

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Abstract (sommario):

Currently, the development of the world population is characterised by two trends: absolute population growth and rapid urbanisation. Especially rapid urbanisation, taking place in Asia, Latin America and Africa, poses major pressure on the affected regions. The development of e.g. Asian countries today is stamped by a combination of urbanisation with high economic growth rates. Conventional centralised infrastructure of supply, treatment and disposal of water is not able to cope with the new challenges arising from these, in history incomparable, high growth rates. Therefore new approaches to infrastructure supply and treatment systems are required – for ecological, sociocultural and economic reasons. The semicentralised approach, focusing on integrated water supply and treatment structures for wastewater and waste on the neighbourhood level, offers one possible solution to the challenges imposed by rapid urbanisation and growing resource needs. The change from centralised to semicentralised supply and treatment systems will minimise the grave discrepancy between the rapid urban growth and the provision of supply and treatment infrastructure. Integrated semicentralised supply and treatment systems face the challenge of growing amounts of wastewater and solid waste combined with rising needs of water for private households and industrial use. The semicentralised approach offers a wide range of flexibility in implementation, energy self-sufficient operation, enormous saving potentials in water demands through intra-urban water reuse and further more advantages in comparison to centralised sectored solutions as practised today.

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45

Bonoli, Alessandra, Emanuela Di Fusco, Sara Zanni, Ilaria Lauriola, Valentina Ciriello e Vittorio Di Federico. "Green Smart Technology for Water (GST4Water): Life Cycle Analysis of Urban Water Consumption". Water 11, n. 2 (23 febbraio 2019): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020389.

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The increasing scarcity of water is encouraging strategies in water saving and urban water management systems devoted to reducing natural resource consumption and environmental impact. At household and urban scales, there is an increasing interest in onsite greywater and non-potable water reuse systems in order to improve water availability. In this framework, the project GST4Water funded by the European Union (EU) under the POR-FESR 2014–2020 Program of Emilia-Romagna Region, has been developed with the aim to implement water consumption monitoring systems, to define solutions for greywater reuse, and to develop tools for environmental sustainability evaluation applied to water systems. The present study focuses on this last goal, performing a life cycle assessment of the solutions optimized at a district level. In particular, six different scenarios are compared, starting from two models considering traditional water supply together with or without energy consumption related to hot water generation, and five additional models related with different assumptions in terms of greywater recovery systems, and energy and hot water production, at varying percentages of renewable and photovoltaic energy supply. Finally, an evaluation of the return time of environmental investment is carried out, based on the results obtained through the scenario analysis.

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46

Ambrosio, Julia K., Bruno M. Brentan, Manuel Herrera, Edevar Luvizotto, Lubienska Ribeiro e Joaquín Izquierdo. "Committee Machines for Hourly Water Demand Forecasting in Water Supply Systems". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (8 gennaio 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9765468.

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Prediction models have become essential for the improvement of decision-making processes in public management and, particularly, for water supply utilities. Accurate estimation often needs to solve multimeasurement, mixed-mode, and space-time problems, typical of many engineering applications. As a result, accurate estimation of real world variables is still one of the major problems in mathematical approximation. Several individual techniques have shown very good estimation abilities. However, none of them are free from drawbacks. This paper faces the challenge of creating accurate water demand predictive models at urban scale by using so-called committee machines, which are ensemble frameworks of single machine learning models. The proposal is able to combine models of varied nature. Specifically, this paper analyzes combinations of such techniques as multilayer perceptrons, support vector machines, extreme learning machines, random forests, adaptive neural fuzzy inference systems, and the group method for data handling. Analyses are checked on two water demand datasets from Franca (Brazil). As an ensemble tool, the combined response of a committee machine outperforms any single constituent model.

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47

Saghi, Hassan. "Effective Factors in Causing Leakage in Water Supply Systems and Urban Water Distribution Networks". American Journal of Civil Engineering 3, n. 2 (2015): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.s.2015030202.22.

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48

Shabangu, Thabane H., Yskandar Hamam e Kazeem B. Adedeji. "Decision support systems for leak control in urban water supply systems: A literature synopsis". Procedia CIRP 90 (2020): 579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.01.120.

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49

Bano, Rakhshinda, Mehdi Khiadani e Steven Burian. "Socio-Hydrological Modelling to Assess Reliability of an Urban Water System under Formal-Informal Supply Dynamics". Water 12, n. 10 (8 ottobre 2020): 2795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102795.

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Abstract (sommario):

Increasing water scarcity in developing world cities combined with poor performance of water supply systems has led to an increasing reliance on informal water supply systems. Although the availability of informal supply provides a coping mechanism that enables water consumers to be resilient to failures in water supply, the longer-term effects on formal water supply systems (FWSS) are uncertain, with a potential reduction of tariff recovery (RT), and in turn a service provider’s financial sustainability. This motivates an analysis of the coevolving dynamics and feedbacks involved in water systems where formal and informal components co-exist. Investigating Hyderabad, Pakistan as a case study, a dynamic socio-hydrologic system model is built, comprised of a formal system’s water and fund balance, consumer behaviour and infrastructure conditions. Simulations are executed on a monthly basis at a household level and for a 100-year period (2007–2107) using data available from years 2007–2017. Demand shift to informal is observed to be weakly associated with lower recovery rates, with household income as a major predictor. The FWSS’s financial balance, predominantly driven by infrastructure condition, appears to be less sensitive to recovery of a tariff to generate sufficient revenue.

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50

Joshi, Tejaswini, Jeffrey Bardzell e Shaowen Bardzell. "The Flaky Accretions of Infrastructure: Sociotechnical Systems, Citizenship, and the Water Supply". Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2 (13 ottobre 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3479570.

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The convergence of networked digital infrastructures and built environments have given rise to the "urban user", a conflation of "the user" and "the resident" or "the citizen". The urban user and the city infrastructures are mutually constituted phenomena formed through the interactions between them. In this research, we contribute an ethnographic study that focuses on the everyday interactions between the urban user and water infrastructures in Pune, India. Using Nikhil Anand's concept of "hydraulic citizenship" to analyze our ethnographic data, we showcase the mutually constitutive process of infrastructuring and subjectivization of the "citizen", bringing attention to the ad hoc, heterogeneously constituted water infrastructures in Pune that aspire to be "smart" even before becoming functional infrastructures. In doing so, we hope to expand possible research trajectories within smart city research agendas by decoupling it from Western assumptions and also by linking them to an interactional account of the everyday relationships among residents, infrastructures, and municipalities.

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