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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Urban runoff"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 29 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Urban runoff"

1

Jeong, Dong-Guk, e Beom-Hui Lee. "Urban Watershed Runoff Analysis Using Urban Runoff Models". Journal of Korea Water Resources Association 36, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2003): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3741/jkwra.2003.36.1.075.

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2

Wei, Zhang, Li Simin e Tang Fengbing. "Characterization of Urban Runoff Pollution between Dissolved and Particulate Phases". Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/964737.

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To develop urban stormwater management effectively, characterization of urban runoff pollution between dissolved and particulate phases was studied by 12 rainfall events monitored for five typical urban catchments. The average event mean concentration (AEMC) of runoff pollutants in different phases was evaluated. The AEMC values of runoff pollutants in different phases from urban roads were higher than the ones from urban roofs. The proportions of total dissolved solids, total dissolved nitrogen, and total dissolved phosphorus in total ones for all the catchments were 26.19%–30.91%, 83.29%–90.51%, and 61.54–68.09%, respectively. During rainfall events, the pollutant concentration at the initial stage of rainfall was high and then sharply decreased to a low value. Affected by catchments characterization and rainfall distribution, the highest concentration of road pollutants might appear in the later period of rainfall. Strong correlations were also found among runoffs pollutants in different phases. Total suspended solid could be considered as a surrogate for particulate matters in both road and roof runoff, while dissolved chemical oxygen demand could be regarded as a surrogate for dissolved matters in roof runoff.

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3

VALEO, C., e C. HO. "Modelling urban snowmelt runoff". Journal of Hydrology 299, n. 3-4 (1 dicembre 2004): 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(04)00368-3.

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4

Garcia, Alfred, e Wesley P. James. "Urban Runoff Simulation Model". Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 114, n. 4 (luglio 1988): 399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1988)114:4(399).

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5

Fam, Sami, Michael K. Stenstrom e Gary Silverman. "Hydrocarbons in Urban Runoff". Journal of Environmental Engineering 113, n. 5 (ottobre 1987): 1032–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1987)113:5(1032).

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6

Chung, N. T., J. S. Ra, K. Park, D. W. Kim e S. D. Kim. "Toxicity of artificial runoff fostered with dry deposition particulates from industrial, commercial, and highway area in Gwangju, Korea". Water Science and Technology 59, n. 11 (1 giugno 2009): 2227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.258.

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The adverse effects of rainwater and artificial urban runoff (an imitation of urban runoff during rainfall event) were investigated using a battery of bioassays employing three test species. Urban dusts were collected at three representative sites; commercial, industrial and highway areas. The water quality parameters of rainwater and artificial runoff revealed low hardness (23.4 ∼ 34.2 mg·L−1 as CaCO3) and alkalinity (7.0 ∼ 34.2 mg·L−1 as CaCO3). High toxicities were observed in the bioassays for the artificial runoffs. The average toxic units for D. magna, S. capricornutum, and O. latipes were 1.26(±0.84), 1.34(±1.10) and 2.05(±1.08), respectively. Of these species, O. latipes revealed significantly higher toxicity compared to D. magna and S. capricornutum (p<0.05). Embryo lesions were observed with 6.25% treatments, and these significantly increased at 12.5% treatments (p<0.05). The EC50 values for each artificial runoff were 22.5, 22.6 and 25.4% for commercial, industrial and highway areas, respectively. With 12.5% treatment, significant delays in hatching times were observed (p<0.05); all embryos tested did not hatched at 100% treatment. Similarly, a significant decrease in hatching success was observed at every sampling point from 25% treatment (p<0.05). The adverse effects of artificial runoff on the three test species suggests that urban surface runoff can cause significant impairment in aquatic ecosystems.

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7

Kawara, Osami, Manabu Uehara e Kanako Ibaragi. "A study on the water quality of runoff from forest". Water Science and Technology 39, n. 12 (1 giugno 1999): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0534.

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The important non-point sources in Japan are urban areas, rice paddy fields and forest. The forest area in river basins occupies about 70 per cent. Furthermore, Japanese forest is usually on steep mountains. Therefore, pollutant loads from the forest cannot be ignored in Japan. In this study, we discuss the seasonal variations of water quality of runoff from forest, and of component runoffs, inter-surface runoff and groundwater runoff, based on observations and on the results separated by a numerical filter. The seasonal variations of water quality and four types of relations between water quality and flow rates of component runoffs were noted.

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8

Liu, Yang, Chunyi Wang, Yang Yu, Yongyu Chen, Longfei Du, Xiaodong Qu, Wenqi Peng, Min Zhang e Chenxin Gui. "Effect of Urban Stormwater Road Runoff of Different Land Use Types on an Urban River in Shenzhen, China". Water 11, n. 12 (2 dicembre 2019): 2545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122545.

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Urban storm runoff is a major source of pollutants in receiving water bodies. To assess the impact of urban stormwater runoff on an urban river, the runoff process of total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium (NH4), and total phosphorus (TP) were investigated on road surfaces classified as arterial road (AR), residential area (RA), and industrial area (IA) in the Pingshan River (PSR) watershed in Shenzhen, China. Event mean concentration (EMC) was calculated to analyze the water quality of road runoff, and the dimensionless M(V) cumulative curves were used to estimate the course of decreasing concentration of runoff pollutants during each rainfall event. Multicriteria decision making methods (PROMETHEE-GAIA) were used to identify the linkage between runoff pollutants, land use types, and rainfall intensity. The EMCs of COD and TP in runoff exceeded the class IV level of the water quality standard for surface water (China). RA was a major potential source for NH4, COD, and TP in the river. Controlling the first flush is critical to decrease the effect of road runoff on receiving water bodies, as most runoff pollutants in AR, RA, and IA had a first flush effect during heavy rainfall. The specific management measure for runoff pollution varied with land use type. Reducing road TSS concentrations was effective for controlling runoff pollution in AR and RA because NH4, TP, and COD attached to particulate matter. In IA, the collection and reuse of stormwater in the initial rainfall period were effective for reducing the effect of soluble pollutants in runoff on receiving water bodies. This study provides new information for managing urban road stormwater runoff in different land use types.

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9

Hackett, Donna B., John Schenk, David Crawford, Sri Rangarajan e Mary Stinson. "VERIFICATION OF URBAN RUNOFF MODELS". Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2002, n. 8 (1 gennaio 2002): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864702785072605.

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10

Lee, J. "Characterization of urban stormwater runoff". Water Research 34, n. 6 (1 aprile 2000): 1773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(99)00325-5.

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Tesi sul tema "Urban runoff"

1

Vonck, Kevin J. "Towards more sustainable urban surface drainage a comparative case study of impervious cover policies in Portland, Oregon, and Seattle, Washington /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 247 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1833647401&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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2

Morrison, Gregory Mark. "Metal speciation in urban runoff". Thesis, Middlesex University, 1985. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6559/.

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A literature review has identified free and weakly complexed dissolved as well as solid surface associated, metal species as those forms most likely to be bio available. To analyse bio available Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu fractions in urban runoff a speciation scheme was devised which provided a relatively rapid technique for separating the dissolved and suspended solid phases of storm water into appropriate fractions. A new method, termed Dialysis with Receiving Resins, which responds to bio available metal species by incorporating a specially developed cysteine resin, within a dialysis membrane, has been devised and tested, A small scale gullypot study allowed the identification of six major processes which affect metal mobilisation and transport. The relevance of these processes is discussed with reference to gullypot outflow loadings of the different metal fractions. Acid rain mobilisation was found to greatly increase the levels of bio available free and weakly complexed metal fractions. Mass balance studies showed that Zn, Cd and Cu have a residence time in the road surface/gullypot system of little more than one storm event whereas Pb tends to be more persistent due to its predominant association with the solid phase. The speciation scheme was also applied to the analysis of metal fractions in storm water outfall samples collected from urban catchments in Sweden and the U.K. Significant concentrations and loadings of metals were found for both catchments with, on average, bio available metal forms representing 68% of the Zn, 76% of the Cd, 66% of the Pb and 32% of the Cu. Individual metal species were found to load at different rates onto metal chemographs and can be explained in terms of controlling parameters, as well as the influence of mobilisation and transport processes. Cadmium and Cu concentrations in storm water were regularly found to exceed Water Quality Standards and also to accumulate to significant levels in the Dialysis with Receiving Resins method. These metals may therefore represent a direct threat to receiving water quality.

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3

Shutes, Robert Brian Emmerson. "The biological impacts of urban runoff waters". Thesis, Middlesex University, 1995. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/10698/.

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Introduction: My work with the Middlesex University Urban Pollution Research Centre has been conducted in the following areas: 1 Biological Monitoring of Urban Waters (Publications 1, 3, 5, 6, 25) Conventional biological methods and hydrobiological indices used for assessing water quality have been tested in urban streams and rivers and their limitations exposed. The impact of river engineering and physical disturbance on the substrate during storm events has been shown to influence significantly the index scores in addition to pollution impacts. The recommendation to compare biological with physico-chemical assessment of water quality has also been adopted by the National Rivers Authority. A model to predict the community diversity index score for urban stream macro invertebrate biota from recorded physico-chemical parameters was satisfactory for fairly clean waters and for moderate levels of pollution but not for serious levels of pollution (1). Reference streams and ponds in Trent Country Park on the fringe of North London were used for comparison with studies of the biota of urban waters (3,5). A system of river classification using a hydrobiological score system was proposed to complement the existing National Water Council system which was essentially based on chemical criteria (6). A study of the use of indicator organisms to monitor the impact of localised discharges of urban surface runoff and storm sewer overflows was commissioned by the Water Research Centre, the results of which are reported in paper no. 14. A review of the use of macroinvertebrates and plants as bioindicators in urban aquatic systems is included in publication 25. 2 Aquatic Ecotoxicology (Publications 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 21, 24, 26, 28, 32, 34) 2.1 Heavy Metals Innovative methods have been developed for assessing heavy metal bioaccumulation in selected macro invertebrate species in urban waters. Traditionally, toxicity tests have been conducted in controlled laboratory conditions which do not simulate the natural environment. The use of caged macro invertebrates secured to the substrate in rivers, enables a more realistic determination of bioaccumulation and mortality rates to be made. The impact of storm events and chronic exposure to contaminated water and sediment has been investigated. At a time when new ecotoxicological tests are being introduced to the UK and the EC, the research has considerable potential application as a test for heavy metal impacts and the determination of environmental standards in freshwater. (The research has been sponsored by the Water Research Centre). VI Tissue concentrations of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc in selected macroinvertebrates collected from semi-rural and urban streams and ponds are reported in papers 3, 4 and 5. The relationship between urbanisation and macro invertebrate tissue, sediment and water metal concentrations and their spatial trends along the Salmon's Brook in North London is discussed in publication 6 and compared with the results from the A veiro Lagoon and its feeding rivers in North Portugal in paper 7. Tissue metal bioaccumulation in popUlations of caged Gammarus pUlex, Asellus aquaticus and Lymnea peregra in relation to ambient sediment and water metal concentrations, metal species bioavailability and organism feeding behaviour are discussed in publication 9. A comparison of mortality and metal uptake in aquatic macroinvertebrate species in field studies and laboratory experiments and a recommendation to reduce the length and lethal limit of the traditional 96 hour LC50 test is made in papers 11, 21, 24 and 32. The impact of storm sewer overflows from a sewage treatment works on caged macro invertebrates exposed to the discharges and to the receiving waters immediately downstream is reported in publications 12, 14 and 24. Principal component analysis was used to determine combinations of caged Aselius aquaticus tissue, sediment and water metal concentrations, precipitation volumes and antecedent dry periods which explained much of the variation in organism mortality and weight (28, 34). 2.2 Hydrocarbons (Publications 15 - 20, 29) Caged macro invertebrate species have also been used to determine hydrocarbon bioaccumulation in an urban stream and the Welsh Harp reservoir, a site of special scientific interest. Sediment and water hydrocarbon concentrations and macro invertebrate community diversity have been monitored along the stream and in the reservoir to investigate the impact of an oil boom. The development of biological and chemical techniques in this unique study of an urban freshwater wetland has led to considerable interest and further publications are planned. (The research has been sponsored by English Nature, formerly the Nature Conservancy Council). Publications 15 and 16 describe a baseline study of the ecotoxicological impacts resulting from oil pollution on the Welsh Harp and one of its receiving streams. Sediment and water concentrations of alkanes and P AHs and the tissue concentrations and temporal and spatial trends in selected caged macro invertebrates and fish are reported in publications 17, 18 and 19. The bioaccumulation of hydrocarbons by macro invertebrate species in laboratory tests and the corresponding mortality rates and their comparison with the results of field studies and controlling factors are discussed in publication 20. The results of the study are summarised in paper 29. vii 3 Aquatic Macrophyte Pollution Control (Publications 10, 13, 22, 23, 27, 31, 33, 35) Heavy metal uptake by the reedmace Typha latifolia, an aquatic plant species, has been investigated in urban wetlands and in greenhouse based studies. The research has shown a high level of tolerance by Typha to heavy metals and its biofiltration ability and creation of a sediment metal sink. It has led to the introduction of Typha in pioneering designs of constructed wetlands for highway runoff treatment in the UK. (The research is ongoing and is receiving sponsorship from industry and PCFC). A comparison of the water pollution control performance of Typha latifolia in the UK and Eicchomia crassipes in China is discussed in publication 10. Further details of the study of metal uptake in Typha latifolia and its associated sediment in the Welsh Harp and two ornamental ponds and a comparison with the results of a greenhouse based metal dosing experiment are given in papers 13 and 27 and summarised in 23 and 31. An analysis of the metal and hydrocarbon uptake and biofiltration ability of different species of aquatic macrophyte in an experimental pond receiving runoff from a car park in Washington State, USA is described in report 33.

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4

Valeo, C. "Variable source area modeling in urban areas". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0007/NQ42884.pdf.

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5

Wang, Yu. "Microbiological characteristics in urban stormwater runoff and sediments". Thesis, Middlesex University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.568524.

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6

Hyde, Michael L. "Urban runoff quality in the River Sowe catchment". Thesis, Coventry University, 2006. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/9c34fa51-7611-4362-844d-30d87ba84205/1.

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There have been no previous studies carried out on the impact of urban runoff in the Coventry City centre area. The culverted nature of the River Sherbourne, and many of its tributaries, makes the investigation of intermittent pollution and rainfall events expensive and impractical, when using traditional spot sample methods. Storm events have been monitored over a period of over 60 months upstream and downstream of the City, using continuous water quality monitors and auto-spot sample methods. The receiving waters of the River Avon had previously suffered annual fish mortalities as a result of summer storm events causing oxygen depletion. Previous studies (Clifforde and Williams 1997) on the impact of Coventry Sewage Treatment Works effluent on the watercourse, have suggested a major component of the intermittent pollutant load arising from the City (upstream of the Sewage Treatment Works), which requires evaluation and remediation. This research identifies the contaminants found during a series of storm events impacting on the River Sherbourne culvert, and discusses the relationship between them and the increased flow measured. The methodology was divided into 3 Phases; Phase 1 examined all of the watercourses in the River Sowe catchment, and identified the culverted streams and drainage system giving an indication of the presence of pollutant sources. Continuous monitors were deployed within the four identified drainage systems to pinpoint intermittent and illegal contaminated discharges, and these discharges were subsequently redirected to the foul sewer or stopped. Phase 2 examined the quality of the River Sherbourne culvert upstream and downstream of the city centre, and demonstrated (using continuous monitors and automated sampling), that six combined sewer overflows discharging to the watercourse upstream of the culvert were opening unsatisfactorily. The dissolved oxygen levels were significantly reduced during rainfall events (with a loss of diurnal variation), and total ammonium levels exceeded current water quality standards. The results were used to instigate a remediation scheme to replace the overflows with additional foul sewage capacity, and a single high-level storm relief. Phase 3 examined the impact of urban runoff during rainfall events after the improvements made following Phases 1 and 2. The results suggest a marked improvement in the water quality, with little impact from organic pollutants. Dissolved oxygen concentrations remained high during many of the post-remedial rainfall events, and ammonia levels remained largely insignificant. The results indicated a fall in pH levels during the rainfall events and increases in all of the heavy metals analysed, though not beyond current water quality guidelines. The efficiency of using continuous monitoring in Coventry was assessed and likely sources of the contaminants in urban runoff were considered. The statistics of compliance with percentile standards do not allow for short-term pollution or storm events, which may kill all aquatic life whilst not breaching water quality standards. Using continuous monitors to identify intermittent and illegal discharges in underground drainage systems was an efficient and cost-effective method of reducing the impact of urban runoff in a failing watercourse. The methodology can be applied to other urban areas to identify unidentified illegal and intermittent point sources. Routine monthly monitoring of an urban watercourse may not identify the peaks and troughs associated with rainfall events that may breach toxicological guidelines, and will not identify intermittent and unknown pollutant sources; particularly when discharging outside of normal working hours. This research was a unique and comprehensive investigation into the nature and composition of urban runoff in the City of Coventry, and local data gathered will be invaluable in promoting further research, improving local knowledge of the urban environment in preparation for the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), and in planning for environmental improvements in the future.

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7

Olson, Pamela Renee. "Novel Remediation Schemes for Groundwater and Urban Runoff". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1306849957.

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8

Berry, Carmel Therese. "Control of urban runoff through the use of permeable pavements". Thesis, Coventry University, 1995. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/642e2d81-99a8-11c3-b6de-d9b60603249a/1.

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In order to control stormwater runoff engineers and hydrologists have used various techniques to attempt to reduce or delay the volume of water which reaches the sewer system. Recently, international approaches have favoured the idea of "source control" or "on-site" retention. This technique stores water in areas close to the point at which precipitation lands. Permeable pavements and similar stormwater control devices have not been exploited in the United Kingdom. Their adoption has been hindered by a lack of knowledge of their hydrological performance. This research aims to produce information on the hydrological performance of a car park surface and to produce a model which can predict the hydrological response to varying rainfall inputs. The objective of this thesis is to examine the hydrological behaviour of a model car park surface under varying rainfall conditions. The study has involved the construction of full-scale permeable pavement model car park structures and a rainfall simulator for use in the laboratory. A monitoring procedure was developed in order to measure inputs and changes in drainage, storage and evaporation over short (less than 2 hours) and long (up to 3 months) time scales. A range of rainfall simulations were applied to the model car park surfaces which differed in intensity, duration and volume. Hydrological processes were monitored over an 18 month period. Results suggest that evaporation, discharge and retention in the structures were strongly influenced by the particle size of the bedding material and the surface blocks. In general an average of 55% of a 15 mm 11-1 rainfall event could be retained by an initially dry structure. Subsequent simulations suggest that approximately 30% of a 15 mm rainfall event could be stored by an initially wet structure (with a minimum time interval of 72 hours). Sediments were also applied to the car park structures in order to monitor the effects of clogging on hydrological performance and to quantify the ability of the structures to act as a primary screening site for sediments. The application of sediments to the structure showed that evaporation from the structure increased by as much as 25-30%. Laboratory simulation of clogging effects was also compared to data gathered from field sites and the results suggested that laboratory simulations provided a good approximation of the migration of sediments in the structure. A model of the hydrological performance of the structure has been developed to be used as a predictive tool. The model relates rainfall inputs to water retention and discharge output over consecutive rainfall events. It also allows evaporation and long-term retention by the structure to be estimated over differing lengths of dry periods. The model results indicate that discharge was predicted to an accuracy of 78% (based on a percentage difference between the observed and predicted values), and evaporation and retention were predicted to an accuracy of 80%.

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9

Goyen, Allan. "Spatial and temporal effects on urban rainfall/runoff modeling". Online version, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/626.

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University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Engineering.
Although extensive worldwide literature on urban stormwater runoff exists, very few publications describe runoff development in terms of its basic building blocks or processes and their individual and accumulative significance in response to varying inputs and boundary conditions. Process algorithms should respond accurately to varying input magnitudes and characteristics as well as to changes in antecedent conditions. The present state of estimation errors involved in many current numerical simulation techniques has been reviewed in this thesis. A significant amount of errors that are presently encountered for have been explained in terms of undefined process response not explicitly included within many modelling methodologies. Extensive field monitoring of intra-catchment rainfall and runoff within an urban catchment at Giralang in Canberra, which is typical of Australian urban catchments, was carried out over a 3-year period to define and measure individual runoff processes. This monitoring work led to a greater understanding of the processes driving the aggregation of local runoff from many sub-areas into the runoff observed at full catchment scale. The results from the monitoring process prompted a number of approaches to potentially reduce standard errors of estimate from model-attributable errors based on improvements to definable catchment response mechanisms. The research isolated a number of basic building blocks associated with typical residential allotments, that can be grouped into roof drainage, yard drainage and adjacent road drainage. A proposed modelling approach was developed that allowed these building blocks at an allotment scale to be simply computed using storage routing techniques. This then aggregated via the total catchment’s public drainage system isochronal characteristics utilising a “process tree” approach to provide full catchment scale runoff response. The potential reduction in estimation errors utilising the developed procedure was assessed using a large number of recorded events from the Giralang catchment monitoring data. The proposed numerical modelling approach was found to provide significant improvements over current methods and offered a scale-independent and stormindependent methodology to model catchments of any size without the need for changes to any of the runoff routing parameters. Additionally the approach permits the flexible sequencing and inclusion of a wide range of different urban drainage structures within a catchment that are representative of the local characteristics. The developed procedure also includes a spatially varied water balance approach to infiltration estimation that is more suited to future continuous simulation models. The developed “flexible process tree” approach provides an important step forward in the numerical modelling of complex urban drainage systems. This can reduce errors of estimate by improving intra-catchment process representation.

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Stovold, Matthew R. "Modeling urban stormwater disposal systems for their future management and design /". Connect to this title, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0111.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Urban runoff"

1

Torno, Harry C., Jiri Marsalek e Michel Desbordes, a cura di. Urban Runoff Pollution. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70889-3.

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C, Torno Harry, Marsalek J. 1940-, Desbordes Michel 1943-, NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Urban Runoff Pollution" e North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., a cura di. Urban runoff pollution. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986.

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Federation, Water Environment, e American Society of Civil Engineers., a cura di. Urban runoff quality management. Alexandria, VA: WEF, 1998.

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4

Butler, David. Urban drainage. 2^a ed. London: Spon Press, 2004.

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5

Berman, Laurel. Urban runoff: Water quality solutions. [Chicago, Ill.]: APWA Research Foundation, 1991.

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6

Morrison, Gregory M. P. Metal specification in urban runoff. Enfield: Middlesex Polytechnic, 1985.

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W, Davies John, a cura di. Urban drainage. London: E&FN Spon, 2000.

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8

D, Maskell A., Sherriff J. D. F e Construction Industry Research and Information Association., a cura di. Scope for control of urban runoff. London: Construction Industry Research and Information Association, 1992.

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D, Maskell A., e Construction Industry Research and Information Association., a cura di. Scope for control of urban runoff. London: Construction Industry Research and Information Association, 1992.

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Simpson, D. E. Urban runoff pollution research in Natal. Pietermaritzburg: Natal Town and Regional Planning Commission, 1992.

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Più fonti

Capitoli di libri sul tema "Urban runoff"

1

Ellis, J. Bryan. "Pollutional Aspects of Urban Runoff". In Urban Runoff Pollution, 1–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70889-3_1.

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2

Hémain, J. C. "Statistically Based Modelling of Urban Runoff Quality: State of the Art". In Urban Runoff Pollution, 277–303. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70889-3_10.

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3

van der Heijden, Rene T. J. M., Lambertus Lijklema e R. Hans Aalderink. "A Statistical Methodology for the Assessment of Water Quality Effects of Storm Water Discharges". In Urban Runoff Pollution, 305–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70889-3_11.

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4

Servat, Eric. "TSS, BOD5 and COD Accumulation and Transport Over Urban Catchment Surfaces: A Modelling Approach". In Urban Runoff Pollution, 325–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70889-3_12.

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5

Hvitved-Jacobsen, Thorkild. "Conventional Pollutant Impacts on Receiving Waters". In Urban Runoff Pollution, 345–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70889-3_13.

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6

Villeneuve, Jean-Pierre, e Pierre Lavallée. "Measured CSO Contribution to River Quality Deterioration and Methodologic Approach for Negative Influence Evaluation". In Urban Runoff Pollution, 379–418. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70889-3_14.

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7

Ferrara, Raymond A. "Toxic Pollutants: Impact and Fate in Receiving Waters". In Urban Runoff Pollution, 423–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70889-3_15.

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8

Mulkey, L. A., R. B. Ambrose e T. O. Barnwell. "Aquatic Fate and Transport Modeling Technioues for Predicting Environmental Exposure to Organic Pesticides and Other Toxicants—A Comparative Study". In Urban Runoff Pollution, 463–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70889-3_16.

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9

Medina, Miguel A. "State-of-the-Art, Physically-Based and Statistically-Based Water Quality Modeling". In Urban Runoff Pollution, 499–586. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70889-3_17.

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Jacobsen, Bo Neergaard, e Niels Nyholm. "Eutrophication Modelling of Small Urban Lakes". In Urban Runoff Pollution, 587–619. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70889-3_18.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Urban runoff"

1

Katopodes, Nikolaos D. "Modeling Urban Runoff". In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40685(2003)300.

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2

Yu, Byunggu, Pradeep K. Behera, Seon Ho Kim, Juan F. Ramirez Rochac e Travis Branham. "Environmental urban runoff monitoring". In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, a cura di Masayoshi Tomizuka. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.847308.

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3

Hackett, Donna, David Crawford, John Schenk e Mary K. Stinson. "Verification of Urban Runoff Models". In Ninth International Conference on Urban Drainage (9ICUD). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40644(2002)124.

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4

Nie, Linmei, Sveinung Sægrov e Wolfgang Schilling. "GIS Based Urban Runoff Modeling". In Ninth International Conference on Urban Drainage (9ICUD). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40644(2002)80.

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5

Hanayni, Fadhila, e Muhammad Sulaiman. "Evaluation of Urban Drainage System as a Flood Control in Klitren Urban Village". In The 2nd International Conference on Technology for Sustainable Development. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-6t3343.

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Abstract (sommario):

Flooding that often happens during the rainy season in Klitren urban village is caused by reducing open space as water catchment areas [1]. It happens due to several factors, including a large amount of land that has been converted into residential areas and unsustainable existing drainage systems. To evaluate the amount of runoff produced by the area, the writer conducted a simulation using EPA SWMM 5.1 software. The simulation is conducted to compare how much runoff is generated by the area and how much water is collected according to the drainage system's capacity. Modeling alternatives used including the existing condition and other alternatives such as implementing green infrastructure installations. From the results of the analysis conducted in the study location, the runoff decreased from 3,09 m3/s to 2,92 m3/s, and the runoff decreased by 5,5%. Then, it can be used as a reference for implementing green infrastructure in urban areas.

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Weldon, Katherine. "Moonlight Beach Urban Runoff Treatment Facility". In California and the World Ocean 2002. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40761(175)44.

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Ports, Michael A. "Evaluation of Urban Runoff Control Programs". In Third International Conference on Watershed Management. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40706(266)5.

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Shapiro, Neal. "Urban Runoff: From Waste to Natural Resource". In Ninth International Conference on Urban Drainage (9ICUD). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40644(2002)173.

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9

Lau, Sim-Lin, Jiun-Shiu Ma, Masoud Kayhanian e Michael K. Stenstrom. "First Flush of Organics in Highway Runoff". In Ninth International Conference on Urban Drainage (9ICUD). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40644(2002)219.

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Trofimenko, Yuri V., Dmitri M. Nemchinov, Natalia A. Evstigneeva, Aleksey V. Lobikov e Evstigneeva Yu. V. "Methodology of green runoff drainage design for urban streets". In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1050.

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The main provisions of the methodology for calculating and designing a "green drainage system" of surface runoff from the road network of settlements that are not equipped with an underground drainage and treatment system are given. Requirements for the "green drainage system" of surface runoff from urban streets that are not equipped with an underground drainage system are formulated. The requirements include the treatment degree of surface runoff, filtration rate, comfort of the visual environment, safety and convenience for pedestrians and bicyclists, technologies of winter maintenance. The main pollutants of surface runoff for different categories of Russian streets are identified. The composition and depth of filtration media, its operating life, types of green plants are determined depending on the composition of pollutants, their typical concentrations, the collection area of surface runoff and the composition of native soils. Examples of the most effective design solutions for the "green drainage system" and treatment of surface runoff from the road network are given.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Urban runoff"

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Katznelson, R., W. T. Jewell e S. L. Anderson. Spatial and temporal variations in toxicity in a marsh receiving urban runoff. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10176778.

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2

Desiderati, Christopher. Carli Creek Regional Water Quality Project: Assessing Water Quality Improvement at an Urban Stormwater Constructed Wetland. Portland State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.78.

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Stormwater management is an ongoing challenge in the United States and the world at-large. As state and municipal agencies grapple with conflicting interests like encouraging land development, complying with permits to control stormwater discharges, “urban stream syndrome” effects, and charges to steward natural resources for the long-term, some agencies may turn to constructed wetlands (CWs) as aesthetically pleasing and functional natural analogs for attenuating pollution delivered by stormwater runoff to rivers and streams. Constructed wetlands retain pollutants via common physical, physicochemical, and biological principles such as settling, adsorption, or plant and algae uptake. The efficacy of constructed wetlands for pollutant attenuation varies depending on many factors such as flow rate, pollutant loading, maintenance practices, and design features. In 2018, the culmination of efforts by Clackamas Water Environment Services and others led to the opening of the Carli Creek Water Quality Project, a 15-acre constructed wetland adjacent to Carli Creek, a small, 3500-ft tributary of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, OR. The combined creek and constructed wetland drain an industrialized, 438-acre, impervious catchment. The wetland consists of a linear series of a detention pond and three bioretention treatment cells, contributing a combined 1.8 acres of treatment area (a 1:243 ratio with the catchment) and 3.3 acre-feet of total runoff storage. In this study, raw pollutant concentrations in runoff were evaluated against International Stormwater BMP database benchmarks and Oregon Water Quality Criteria. Concentration and mass-based reductions were calculated for 10 specific pollutants and compared to daily precipitation totals from a nearby precipitation station. Mass-based reductions were generally higher for all pollutants, largely due to runoff volume reduction on the treatment terrace. Concentration-based reductions were highly variable, and suggested export of certain pollutants (e.g., ammonia), even when reporting on a mass-basis. Mass load reductions on the terrace for total dissolved solids, nitrate+nitrite, dissolved lead, and dissolved copper were 43.3 ± 10%, 41.9 ± 10%, 36.6 ± 13%, and 43.2 ± 16%, respectively. E. coli saw log-reductions ranging from -1.3 — 3.0 on the terrace, and -1.0 — 1.8 in the creek. Oregon Water Quality Criteria were consistently met at the two in-stream sites on Carli Creek for E. coli with one exception, and for dissolved cadmium, lead, zinc, and copper (with one exception for copper). However, dissolved total solids at the downstream Carli Creek site was above the Willamette River guidance value 100 mg/L roughly 71% of the time. The precipitation record during the study was useful for explaining certain pollutant reductions, as several mechanisms are driven by physical processes, however it was not definitive. The historic rain/snow/ice event in mid-February 2021 appeared to impact mass-based reductions for all metals. Qualitatively, precipitation seemed to have the largest effect on nutrient dynamics, specifically ammonia-nitrogen. Determining exact mechanisms of pollutant removals was outside the scope of this study. An improved flow record, more targeted storm sampling, or more comprehensive nutrient profiles could aid in answering important questions on dominant mechanisms of this new constructed wetland. This study is useful in establishing a framework and baseline for understanding this one-of-a-kind regional stormwater treatment project and pursuing further questions in the future.

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Bhattarai, Rabin, Yufan Zhang e Owen Yao. Evaluation of Net-free Erosion Control Blankets. Illinois Center for Transportation, novembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/23-026.

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Erosion control blankets (ECBs) protect soil from being detached and transported by raindrops and subsequential overland runoff while assisting in vegetation growth. ECBs have several characteristics, for example, thickness, mass per unit area, tensile strength, elongation, water absorption, etc. However, the impact of these characteristics on the performance in mitigating erosion has yet to be well understood. To better understand the interactions of ECB properties with the detachment and transport of sediment, field tests were conducted at the Erosion Control Research and Training Center at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Various ECBs, including net-free ECBs and bionet ECBs, were tested on a 3H:1V hillslope under a 30-minute simulated rainfall event (2 in./hr). The soil used on the testing plot was silty clay loam. To investigate ECB effectiveness, total runoff volume, runoff start/end time, peak runoff rate, and sediment yield were monitored during each test. The results showed that water absorption played a big role in enhancing the performance of ECBs. The materials absorbed a large amount of water at the beginning and then acted as a wet film to cover the hillslope, reducing soil erosion by the overland flow when the soil was saturated. This wet film continued to reduce soil detachment, although it probably did not help with runoff reduction after saturation. Among the blankets tested, Profile F4 Netless was the most degradable and lightest one. North American Green DS75 had the most cost efficiency with $0.4 /sq. yd. There was no big difference in the installation method.

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Moreda, Fekadu, Benjamin Lord, Mauro Nalesso, Pedro Coli Valdes Daussa e Juliana Corrales. Hydro-BID: New Functionalities (Reservoir, Sediment and Groundwater Simulation Modules). Inter-American Development Bank, novembre 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009312.

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The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) provides financial and technicalsupport for infrastructure projects in water and sanitation, irrigation, flood control, transport, and energy, and for development projects in agriculture, urban systems, and natural resources. Many of these projects depend upon water resources and may be affected negatively by climate change and other developments that alter water availability, such as population growth and shifts in land use associated with urbanization, industrial growth, and agricultural practices. Assessing the potential for future changes in water availability is an important step toward ensuring that infrastructure and other development projects meet their operational, financial, and economic goals. It is also important to examine the implications of such projects for the future allocation of available water among competing users and uses to mitigate potential conflict and to ensure such projects are consistent with long-term regional development plans and preservation of essential ecosystem services. As part of its commitment to help member countries adapt to climate change, the IDB is sponsoring work to develop and apply the Regional Water Resources Simulation Model for Latin America and the Caribbean, an integrated suite of watershed modeling tools known as Hydro-BID. Hydro-BID is a highly scalable modeling system that includes hydrology and climate analysis modules to estimate the availability of surface water (stream flows) at the regional, basin, and sub-basin scales. The system includes modules for incorporating the effects of groundwater and reservoirs on surface water flows and for estimating sediment loading. Data produced by Hydro-BID are useful for water balance analysis, water allocation decisions, and economic analysis and decision support tools to help decision-makers make informed choices among alternative designs for infrastructure projects and alternative policies for water resources management. IDB sponsored the development of Hydro-BID and provides the software and basic training free of charge to authorized users; see hydrobidlac.org. The system was developed by RTI International as an adaptation of RTI's proprietary WaterFALL® modeling software, based on over 30 years of experience developing and using the U.S. National Hydrography Dataset (NHDPlus) in support to the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In Phase I of this effort, RTI prepared a working version of Hydro-BID that includes: (1) the Analytical Hydrography Dataset for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC AHD), a digital representation of 229,300 catchments in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean with their corresponding topography, river, and stream segments; (2) a geographic information system (GIS)-based navigation tool to browse AHD catchments and streams with the capability of navigating upstream and downstream; (3) a user interface for specifying the area and period to be modeled and the period and location for which water availability will be simulated; (4) a climate data interface to obtain rainfall and temperature inputs for the area and period of interest; (5) a rainfall-runoff model based on the Generalized Watershed Loading Factor (GWLF) formulation; and (6) a routing scheme for quantifying time of travel and cumulative flow estimates across downstream catchments. Hydro-BID generates output in the form of daily time series of flow estimates for the selected location and period. The output can be summarized as a monthly time series at the user's discretion. In Phase II of this effort, RTI has prepared an updated version of Hydro-BID that includes (1) improvements to the user interface; (2) a module to simulate the effect of reservoirs on downstream flows; (3) a module to link Hydro-BID and groundwater models developed with MODFLOW and incorporate water exchanges between groundwater and surface water compartments into the simulation of sur

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5

Percentage entrainment of constituent loads in urban runoff, south Florida. US Geological Survey, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri844329.

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6

Effects of runoff controls on the quantity and quality of urban runoff at two locations in Austin, Texas. US Geological Survey, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri874004.

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A summary of urban runoff studies in the Denver Metropolitan area, Colorado. US Geological Survey, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri844072.

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Effect of urban runoff on the quality of lakes in Eagan, Minnesota. US Geological Survey, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri864331.

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9

Urban storm runoff in the Roseburg Area, Oregon, as related to urban flood characteristics of the Willamette Valley. US Geological Survey, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri914063.

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Procedures for adjusting regional regression models of urban-runoff quality using local data. US Geological Survey, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wsp2428.

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