Tesi sul tema "Urban economics Social aspects"
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1
França, Isadora Lins 1978. "Consumindo lugares, consumindo nos lugares = homossexualidade, consumo e produção de subjetividades na cidade de São Paulo". [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280486.
Abstract (sommario):
Orientador: Julio Assis SimõesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Neste trabalho procuro compreender a produção de subjetividades, categorias identitárias e estilos relacionados à homossexualidade num contexto de segmentação de mercado, a partir de um recorte no conjunto de espaços de sociabilidade e consumo freqüentados por homens que se relacionam afetivo-sexualmente com outros homens na cidade de São Paulo. Procuro compreender também como se articulam marcadores de diferença - como gênero, sexualidade, classe social, idade e cor/raça - atuantes na produção de sujeitos, categorias e estilos relacionados à homossexualidade e como a prática do consumo, seja nos ou dos lugares que serviram de base para a observação etnográfica, media essa articulação. Considero que essas duas pontas do consumo dos ou nos lugares estão intimamente articuladas, já que os lugares funcionam também como contextos que revelam ou possibilitam determinados usos de mercadorias ou que fazem circular informações a seu respeito. Selecionei três lugares para a pesquisa de campo, que denominei de lugares-chave, levando em conta o quanto me pareciam analiticamente interessantes, a partir da possibilidade de revelarem interseccionalidades e diferenças. No decorrer da pesquisa, conduzi a observação etnográfica nesses lugares e realizei entrevistas em profundidade com seus freqüentadores
Abstract: This research aims to understand the production of subjectivities, identity categories and styles related to homosexuality at venues visited by men who have sexual/affective relations with other men in a context of market segmentation in the city of Sao Paulo. I explore how social markers of difference - gender, sexuality, class, age and color/race - operate as categories of articulation in the production of subjects, identities and styles related to homosexuality. In addition, I examine how consumption practices - at the places or of places - are linked to this process. I argue that consumption at and of places are articulated,considering that places are contexts which reveal or enable certain uses of goods, and in which information about the places themselves is circulated through goods. Fieldwork was carried out in three key-places, which were selected by taking into account how analytically fruitful they seemed in revealing intersectionalities and differences. Fieldwork comprised ethnographic observation in these places and in-depth interviews with their regular visitors
Doutorado
Antropologia Urbana
Doutor em Ciências Sociais
2
Li, Siu-ping, e 李小冰. "Crimes and high-density urban living: an empirical study". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40887716.
3
Sanchez, Thomas Wayne. "Equity implications and impacts of personal transportation benefits on urban form". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21660.
4
Susnik, Ann Elizabeth. "Urban redevelopment and displacement outcomes : case studies of urban renewal in Hong Kong /". Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18735666.
5
Lee, Siu-ping, e 李少蘋. "A socioeconomic analysis of urban renewal in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42576970.
6
Tam, Wai-man, e 譚偉文. "Market force and urban design: a case study of Wanchai District". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40687272.
7
Au, Ngo-suet, e 區傲雪. "Urban renewal: a way to accumulatecapital?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31967851.
8
Leith, Sharon. "Assigning value to open space". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envl533.pdf.
9
Lau, Cho-yam Joseph, e 劉祖蔭. "The influence of socio-economic and land-use variables on personal accessibility in the urban areas of Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37904590.
10
Kendall, Helen Jane. "The link between mental health, social and emotional vulnerability and life chances : school based early identification of socially and emotionally vulnerable adolescents in a deprived urban community". Thesis, University of Hull, 2004. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5604.
Abstract (sommario):
The objectives of this work are to: - Explore the concept of adolescent vulnerability; - Establish easily administered, reliable means of early identification of the most vulnerable; and - Suggest some school level interventions. This research focuses on adolescents in a socially deprived area. The thesis contains two parts: Part I explores the theoretical contexts, examining the social, educational and moral climate, and concludes that potential vulnerability is not being identified early enough in young people's lives for effective interventions to be implemented. The phenomenon and experience of adolescence is explored from a variety of perspectives, and various definitions of adolescence examined. The broad range of experience representing both typical and atypical adolescence is considered. A range of socio-economic factors and psychometric measures are reviewed for potential use as early indicators of vulnerability. The four screening measures chosen from the range reviewed are social deprivation, selfesteem, locus of control (LoC) and coping strategies. Social deprivation indicators establish background levels of life chances and prospects. Selfesteem is used to identify the most vulnerable; locus of control adds information about the nature of their vulnerability, and coping strategies informs potential practical interventions. Part 2 focuses on practical research. The prospects of the subject population are explored using a range of indicators, including the social and educational alienation and dysfunction of its young adolescents. Six hypotheses are defined and the selected psychometric tools piloted and administered on all of Year 7 of the subject school. Pupils are identified as either vulnerable or not identifiably vulnerable. Case studies using semi-structured interviews are conducted, adding a qualitative, experiential dimension to the statistical, psychometric findings. Based on this research conclusions are drawn which have academic application and directly inform practical interventions which, if implemented in early adolescence, would potentially alleviate the identified vulnerability.
11
Smith, Julie. "Social policy, welfare in urban services in South Africa : a case study of free basic water, indigency and citizenship in Eastwood, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal (2005-2007)". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015231.
Abstract (sommario):
This is an in-depth case study of urban water services to poor households and their interactions with local state power in the community of Eastwood, Pietermaritzburg, in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, for the period 2005-2007. It draws especially on the experiences of poor women, exploring the conceptions and implications of the movement of municipal services into the realm of welfare-based urban service concessions. It interrogates what value municipal services, framed in the language and form of welfare but within a commodification milieu and in the context of shifting citizen-state relations offer the state apparatus and how such free basic service offerings are experienced by poor households at the level of domestic, social and economic functioning. The study adopts a fluid mixed-methodological approach to optimise exploration and interpretation. It argues that the interface of state service delivery and citizens is fraught with contradictions: core to this is the nature of state ' help.' Free basic water encompassed in the social wage did not improve the lives of poor households; instead it eroded original water access. Free basic water stole women's time spent on domestic activities; compromised appropriate water requirements, exacerbated service affordability problems and negatively affected household functioning. Poor households experienced the government's policy of free basic services as containment and punishment for being poor. The Indigent Policy activated the state's surveillance, disciplinary and control apparatus. In the absence of effective national regulation over municipalities and with financial shortfalls, street-level bureaucrats manipulated social policies to further municipal cost recovery goals and subjugate poor households. Social control and cheap governance were in symmetry. Citizens, desperate for relief, approached the state. Poor households were pushed into downgraded service packages or mercilessly pursued by municipally outsourced private debt collectors and disconnection companies. Municipalities competing for investments brought about by favourable credit ratings abandoned the humanity of their citizens. Such re-prioritisation of values had profound implications for governance and public trust. Citizens were jettisoned to the outskirts of municipal governance, resulting in a distinct confusion and anger towards the local state - and with it, major uncertainties regarding future stability, redistribution and equity.
12
Mahoney, Elizabeth D. "Return Migration: A Study of College Graduates Returning to Rural U.S. Homes". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MahoneyED2009.pdf.
13
Auger, Daniel Marc. "The Kazaks of Istanbul: A Case of Social Cohesion, Economic Breakdown and the Search for a Moral Economy". PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2751.
Abstract (sommario):
This research is focused on understanding the ways in which the community orientation of the Kazak ethnic community in Istanbul, Turkey have contributed to their economic success which in turn encourages strong community, and the nature of their community-based support networks for providing material and cultural support. It examines the role of social capital and cohesion in maintaining the community with its positive implications for the continued building of wealth or sourcing of funding on a community level. The theoretical concepts relevant to this project are based on the ideas that the shared values of a community are a positive force that allow communities to achieve common goals and is particularly important in the context of an economy that favors cheap labor and a highly mobile workforce, both factors that negatively affect the asset building and place-based rootedness that communities require for their stability. Key community entrepreneurs and leaders were the main sources of information for this research. The findings of this thesis suggest that it is a combination of factors such as the failure of the community to maintain its stable economic position through unfortunate business practices and choices coupled with external market forces that slowed this community economic development and disabled its continued growth.
14
Gouvêa, José Paulo Neves. "A presença e a ausência dos rios de São Paulo: acumulação primitiva e valorização da água". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-19122016-161242/.
Abstract (sommario):
A presente tese analisa o processo de apropriação privada dos rios de São Paulo e sua participação na produção do espaço da cidade, aprofundando aspectos relativos ao desenvolvimento social, político e econômico, desde sua fundação no século XVI até o início do século XX. Partindo das obras de canalização dos rios Tamanduateí, Tietê e Pinheiros, a pesquisa realiza um recuo histórico até o momento em que os rios e córregos de São Paulo se constituíam como um bem comum e sua principal característica era o uso de suas águas e terras. As diversas atividades relacionadas aos rios e córregos, nos primeiros séculos da ocupação, caracterizam-se pela convivência entre o consumo imediato, a utilização de mão de obra cativa e a obtenção de renda através do trabalho livre, em um momento em que a economia de São Paulo era tímida e a poluição dos rios já era percebida. Durante o século XIX, a partir da cultura do café e da imigração, estabeleceu-se uma economia baseada no trabalho livre assalariado e na valorização da propriedade fundiária. Na cidade de São Paulo, o crescimento populacional e a insuficiência da distribuição de água e esgotamento, associados ao significado econômico da propriedade e a disponibilidade de mão de obra, passaram a representar a possibilidade de valorização do capital a partir do estabelecimento de condições gerais de produção. Os rios de São Paulo foram então incorporados ao processo de provisão de infraestruturas e redes de serviços urbanos. Esse processo de acumulação de riqueza, baseado na expropriação da terra e da água, transformou os rios de São Paulo em recursos econômicos e engendrou um espaço que se caracteriza pela sobreposição do domínio particular sobre o domínio comum.This thesis analyzes the process of private appropriation of the São Paulo and his participation in the production of the city\'s space, Aspects related to social, political and economic development, From its foundation in the 16th century to the beginning of the 20th century. Starting from the Pipelines of the Tamanduateí, Tietê and Pinheiros rivers, the research Historical retreat until such time as the rivers and streams of São Paulo were constituted as a common good and its main characteristic Was the use of its waters and lands. The various activities Rivers and streams, in the first centuries of occupation, are characterized By the coexistence between the immediate consumption, the use of labor And income through free labor, at a In which the economy of São Paulo was timid and the pollution of the rivers was already Perceived. During the nineteenth century, from the culture of coffee and immigration, An economy based on free wage labor was established And in the valuation of land ownership. In the city of São Paulo, the Population growth and the insufficient distribution of water and depletion, Associated with the economic significance of the property and Labor market began to represent the possibility of Capital appreciation based on the establishment of general conditions of production. The rivers of São Paulo were then incorporated into the Provision of urban services infrastructures and networks. This process Of accumulation of wealth, based on the expropriation of land and water, Transformed the São Paulo rivers into economic resources and spawned A space that is characterized by the overlapping of the particular domain On the common domain.
15
Weasel, Head Gabrielle, e University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. ""All we need is our land" : an exploration of urban Aboriginal homelessness". Thesis, Arts and Science, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2579.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis explores Blackfoot homelessness in relation to traditional attachments to Blackfoot territory. It addresses the underlying causes of Blackfoot homelessness in the city of Lethbridge. It speaks to the participants’ experiences of loss on a multitude of levels, disconnection from family and traditional community, and the complex notion of what “homelessness” means for the Blackfoot participants. The thesis uses a literature review to inform the study. The research methodology is a focused ethnography. Interviews with Blackfoot homeless participants were conducted at the city of Lethbridge’s homeless shelter in 2009 and 2010. Narrative analysis was used to interpret the data and the findings, and the subsequent discussion of them, were from a Blackfoot perspective. It is hoped that the information contained within this thesis will help those reading it to better understand Native homelessness and provide insights into the subjective nature of what it means to be “home.” The results of the findings also suggest ways for service providers to develop improved programming aimed at the Native homeless population.vi, 164 leaves ; 29 cm
16
Howsley-Glover, Kelly Ann. "Neighborhood Commercial Corridor Change: Portland, Oregon 1990-2010". PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1409.
Abstract (sommario):
Commercial corridors in neighborhoods experiencing change have been relegated to a footnote in research on residential phenomena. It is taken for granted that the process of change experience by businesses within these neighborhoods mirrors that of the residential change. This assumption is often predicated on the underlying model of invasion succession, suggesting that inmovers displace native populations, whether they are residents or businesses. Analyzing time series data on neighborhood commercial corridor change, research attempted to first test data against the invasion succession model to see if it is an effective framework for analysis. Second, through comparison of case study areas and data along the aggregated corridor, insights are advanced to spur development of a valid model for examining neighborhood commercial corridor change as a unique process with regular spatio-temporal patterns. This framework, it is suggested, is the first step towards understanding the impact of external forces, including social actors, on the neighborhood commercial landscape.
17
Jurd, Megan Chantel. "A pre-evaluation of residents’ perceptions of the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ : a case study of an informal settlement in Cape Town, Western Cape". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2116.
Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Events Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.South Africa won the right to host the first Fédération Internationale de Football (FIFA) WorldCup™ on the African continent in 2010. The 2010 FIFA World Cup™ has been heralded as a ‘once in a lifetime’ opportunity with significant legacy benefits for South Africans. Many sport mega-event organisations tend to disregard residents’ perceptions of the events’ social, economic and environmental impacts. There is a lack of research investigating responses of residents where the event takes place, specifically studies on informal residents’ perceptions of sport mega-events. The main focus of this study is to explore the level of awareness, perceptions and attitudes of residents living in an informal settlement area in close proximity to Cape Town Stadium with respect to the impacts of the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ in Cape Town. A systematic, stratified random sampling technique was used to survey 370 household residents of Joe Slovo, which is the nearest informal settlement to Cape Town Stadium, three months before the hosting of the 2010 FIFA World Cup™. The findings revealed that the majority of the residents were aware of the 2010 FIFA World Cup™, and that communication from stakeholders could have improved. The residents also expressed their support for the event by indicating various levels of participation. They also generally had positive perceptions towards the 2010 FIFA World Cup™, but highlighted that big businesses and the wealthy and rich would mainly benefit from the event. Social concerns were related to traffic congestion, excessive noise levels, and crime. An investigation of this sort ‘paves the way’ for on-going research into residents’ perceptions of the 2010 FIFA World Cup™. It is recommended that the focus should be on longitudinal impacts rather than short-term impacts and that a legacy should be left behind
18
Bahmad, Jamal. "Casablanca belongs to us : globalisation, everyday life and postcolonial subjectivity in Moroccan cinema since the 1990s". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/19847.
Abstract (sommario):
This dissertation examines the representations of Casablanca in Moroccan cinema and their articulation of postcolonial subjectivity since the 1990s. To overcome a deep economic recession and simmering social unrest in the early 1980s, Morocco embarked on a comprehensive programme of structural adjustment policies under the aegis of the International Monetary Fund. Market reforms ushered in novel forms of spatial development and social relations in Moroccan cities over the next decades. In the cultural field, a popular cinema emerged in the early 1990s and has projected the complex structures of everyday life in urban space. The New Urban Cinema (NUC) has anchored national cinema in the everyday life and affective economy of a society in transition. The country’s largest city, Casablanca, is the setting for some of NUC’s most original portrayals of the Moroccan subject under globalisation. Taking space, affect and violence as intertwined sites of film analysis, my research project closely examines the new forms of postcolonial subjectivity that have evolved in Morocco through this cinema. Twenty films are read against the backdrop of neoliberal Casablanca and the social, economic as well as political transformation of Morocco and the world under globalisation. The dissertation combines close textual analysis with a cultural studies perspective, which situates films in their historical contexts of production and reception in Morocco and beyond. Drawing on postcolonial, film and urban studies, my aim is to contribute to interdisciplinary scholarship on cinematic responses to neoliberal globalisation, and to a social history of contemporary Morocco.
19
Marshall, Richard Graham. "A social and cultural history of Grahamstown, 1812 to c1845". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002401.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the development of Grahamstown from its inception in 1812 to the mid-1840s, paying particular attention to the social and cultural life of the town. It traces the economic development of the town from a military outpost to a thriving commercial settlement, noting the essential factor of the town's proximity to the Cape frontier in this process. The economic interaction between diverse groups in the town mirrors the social and cultural interaction which occurred between British settlers, Khoekhoe and Africans. The result of these interactions was the creation of a new, distinctively South African urban society and culture, despite the desire of the white settlers to reproduce a “typical” English environment in their new home. The conflict between attempts to anglicise the urban environment and the realities of Grahamstown's situation on a colonial frontier was reflected in the architecture and layout of the town. Attempts to recreate an English social environment also failed. New classes arose in the town in response to the economic opportunities available on the frontier. Although some settlers prospered, many did not, and the presence of an impoverished white working class undermines settler historians' picture of settler success and affluence. The poorest people in the town, though, were the increasing numbers of Khoekhoe and Africans who migrated from the surrounding countryside, and who were unequally incorporated into the urban community as a colonial labouring class. In response to these unique circumstances, white settlers in Grahamstown developed a powerful political and propaganda machine, which helped lay the foundations of a distinct settler identity in the eastern Cape.
20
Sanchis-Guarner, Rosa. "Essays on urban and spatial economics". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/455/.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis is composed of four chapters. The first one investigates the impact of immigration on housing markets. The rest study the effects of transport policy on economic outcomes. Chapter 1 provides causal estimates of the effects of an increase of foreign-born population on house prices. I use data for the Spanish provinces between 2001 and 2010. In order to infer causality I construct an instrument based on past location patterns by immigrant nationality. I find positive effects of the increase in the share of foreign-born population on both rental and purchase prices. The estimated elasticities are 0.6% for rental prices and 2% for purchase prices. I also investigate the relationship between immigration and native location (native displacement) and I find that immigrants attract natives to the same regions they locate. When I re-estimate the effects using solely the variation on population growth which is due to exogenous location of foreign-born, I find that estimates are around 30-40% smaller than if we ignored the relationship between immigration and native location decisions. Chapters 2 to 4 investigate the effects of road improvements on aggregate and individual economic outcomes, using data for Great Britain during the period 1998-2008. Chapter 2 develops the methodology to estimate the economic impacts of transport improvements. We summarise the existing evidence and the theoretical channels through which transport policy can impact firm, worker and aggregate economic outcomes. To capture the effect of road improvements, we construct a measure of accessibility to employment through the road network. For this purpose, we collect novel data on 31 major road improvement projects and combine this information with the trunk road network in Great Britain in 2008. This information is used to calculate optimal travel times between locations at each point in time, which are used in the computation of the accessibility measures. The last two chapters discuss the empirical results, for ward and firm outcomes (chapter 3) and for individual labour market outcomes (chapter 4). I find positive effects of accessibility on ward employment and number of plants, a limited effect on plant employment and no effect on productivity. Accessibility from workplace has substantial impacts on individual wages and total hours worked, while accessibility from home only seems to have an effect on reducing the travel time to work.
21
Hawley, Zackary B. "Essays on Social Interaction and Urban Outcomes". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/81.
Abstract (sommario):
This dissertation consists of two essays. The connecting theme for this body of work is social interaction. I define social interaction, for this dissertation, as non-market based face-to-face interaction between individuals where each is interested in a response. The first contribution investigates the relationship between social interaction and neighborhood population density. I use the exogenous variation in a set of geological instruments to predict the neighborhood population density. The results suggest that an increase in neighborhood population density increases some types of social interaction. The second contribution brings social interaction into a standard urban consumer theory model, the Alonso-Muth model.
22
Miotti, Luiz Antonio. "Grande empreendimento em município de pequeno porte". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/92812.
Abstract (sommario):
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil, Florianópolis, 2009.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T12:37:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 275846.pdf: 4471372 bytes, checksum: 1b5ccf58e7fdac5e9d5777cfa49fab73 (MD5)
Grandes empreendimentos influenciam o mercado imobiliário no município onde estão instalados trazendo diferentes repercussões nas áreas econômica, social, cultural e política. Compreendendo que tais empreendimentos podem provocar mudanças, o objetivo geral desta dissertação é verificar a influência da implantação de um grande empreendimento em município de pequeno porte, em diversos setores. Especificamente, objetiva avaliar a evolução dos valores de imóveis abrangendo um período antes e depois da construção do empreendimento, descrever os diversos tipos de prestação de serviços e de comércio no município, oriundos após atividade do empreendimento e caracterizar os aspectos de crescimento populacional e implantação de outros empreendimentos no município após atividade do empreendimento. No estudo de caso é analisada a implantação do Frigorífico Anhambi no município de Itapejara D#Oeste, em um recorte dos anos de 2000 a 2008 sendo que no ano 2003 o empreendimento adquire força total de funcionamento. Como técnica de pesquisa é usada a pesquisa bibliográfica e a observação; para a análise dos dados é usado o método dedutivo. Os resultados confirmam que a influência do empreendimento nos valores dos imóveis foi positiva, com evolução nos valores dos bens imóveis residenciais e lotes urbanos no período de análise de 2000 a 2008 incluindo, além do centro, imóveis localizados em diversos bairros do município. Os resultados também apontam uma evolução nos setores econômico, político, social e cultural do município, que podem ser relacionados à implantação e expansão do empreendimento.
Major developments affect the real estate market in the municipality where they are installed as a whole, bringing different repercussions in the economic, social, cultural and political. Realizing that such enterprises can bring about change, the general objective of this dissertation is to examine the influence of the deployment of a large enterprise in a small city in various sectors. Specifically, it aims to evaluate the changing values of properties covering a period before and after the construction of the project, describe the various types of services and trade in the city, coming after the development activity and to characterize aspects of population growth and deployment of other enterprises in the city after the development activity. In the case study analyzes the implementation of the Refrigerator Anhambi the city of Itapejara D'Oeste, in a crop year from 2000 to 2008 and that in 2003 the enterprise acquires full power operation. How search technique is used in literature and observation, for the analysis of the data is used the deductive method. The results confirm that the influence of development on property values was positive, an increase in property values and residential lots in urban analysis period from 2000 to 2008 including, in addition to center properties located in various districts of the municipality. The results also showed an evolution in the economic, political, social and cultural council, which may be related to the implementation and expansion of the enterprise.
23
Spiro, Daniel. "Some Aspects of Resource and Behavioral Economics". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-75398.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis consists of four essays in resource and behavioral economics. Resource Extraction, Capital Accumulation and Time Horizon The paper shows that relaxing the standard infinite horizon assumption can explain the patterns of exhaustible resource extraction and prices for the last century. An empirical test proposes a time horizon of roughly 28 years to be most likely. Model calibration yields an oil price which fits the falling price after WWII and suggests that the sharply increasing price after 1998 is due to scarcity. Optimal Forest Rotation under Climate Change The scenario of forests growing faster over time, due to climate change, is analyzed. It is shown numerically that ignoring future changes is highly likely to be accurate in terms of harvesting and will cause insignificant profit losses. Tragedy of the Commons versus the Love of Variety The opposing effects of overharvesting of renewable resources when property rights are missing and increased consumption variety, both due to trade, are analyzed. Trade increases welfare if the resource has strong regenerative power. If, instead, the resource regenerates slowly, then sufficient increases in the number of trade partners harms welfare and the stock may even collapse. Correcting policies may be very harsh and still improve upon laissez faire. The Distribution of Revealed Preferences under Social Pressure Stated preferences, such as declared political opinions, are studied when individuals make the trade off between being true to their real opinions and conforming to a social norm. In orthodox societies, individuals will tend to either conform fully or ignore the social norm while individuals in liberal societies will tend to compromise between the two extremes. The model sheds light on phenomena such as polarization, alienation and hypocrisy. Furthermore, it suggests that orthodoxy cannot be maintained under pluralism.
24
Lau, Chi-chung, e 劉治中. "Speed and immobility in urban space and cinema". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41508762.
25
Letrouit, Lucie. "Three essays on the economics of social integration in an urban context". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0147.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette thèse se compose de trois essais aux approches complémentaires portant sur l'économie de l'intégration sociale en milieu urbain. Le premier essai analyse l'émergence de hiérarchies ethno-culturelles dans un contexte multi-culturel, typique des grandes métropoles actuelles. Cette émergence est étudiée au moyen d'un modèle de théorie des jeux évolutionnaires selon lequel une vision hiérarchique commune émerge, dans une société, à partir d'une multitude d'interactions indépendantes entre membres des différents groupes ethno-culturels en présence. L'originalité du modèle proposé tient à l'inclusion de plusieurs minorités et conceptions hiérarchiques (i.e. modèle multi-groupes et multi-stratégies) et à la prise en compte des effets réciproques que plusieurs minorités peuvent avoir sur les statuts sociaux des autres. Ces effets permettent d'expliquer la relation non-linéaire entre taille d'une minorité et statut social suggérée par la littérature empirique, ainsi que les effets complexes de l'arrivée d'une nouvelle minorité sur les autres minorités. Le processus évolutionnaire étudié suggère que la hiérarchie ethno-culturelle adoptée est, dans la plupart des cas, économiquement sous-efficace car trop inégalitaire. Le deuxième essai présente un modèle d'économie urbaine adapté au contexte des villes d'Afrique sub-Saharienne où la propriété foncière est souvent informelle et incertaine et où les transactions foncières sont souvent entravées par d'importantes asymétries d'information entre acheteurs et vendeurs. Le modèle permet d'étudier théoriquement l'impact de deux institutions visant à réduire l'incertitude liée aux transactions. La première consiste en un système d'enregistrement formel des terrains dans un cadastre géré par l'administration, la deuxième en une norme sociale traditionnelle de confiance liant certains groupes sociaux. Le modèle qui est, à notre connaissance, le premier à étudier l'effet d'une norme sociale sur le fonctionnement d'un marché immobilier urbain et la structure urbaine, montre que le système d'enregistrement est plus efficace que la norme sociale si les coûts d'enregistrements sont limités, mais que les deux institutions sont en partie substituables. Il prédit que l'enregistrement des terrains remplacera progressivement les normes traditionnelles de confiance dans le futur, à mesure que les coûts d'enregistrement décroîtront.Enfin, le troisième essai consiste en une analyse économétrique des effets du Programme National de Rénovation Urbaine (PNRU), lancé en France en 2003 pour la rénovation de 600 quartiers défavorisés. Afin d'éviter certains biais liés à l'hétérogénéité des effets du programme entre les différents quartiers et entre les différentes périodes temporelles, nous mobilisons le tout récent estimateur DID_M développé par De Chaisemartin and D'Haultfoeuille (forthcoming) et complémentons ses résultats par une plus traditionnelle estimation de différences-de-différences. Nos résultats indiquent que le programme a eu des effets non-significatifs et, de toute façon, très limités (moins de 3.5%) sur les prix immobiliers dans les quartiers rénovés. Les effets sur les volumes de transactions sont aussi non significatifs. Toutefois, le programme a engendré une sensible évolution à la hausse du profil socio-professionnel des acheteurs de logement par rapport aux vendeurs, suggérant une certaine amélioration de l'attractivité des quartiers rénovésThis dissertation consists in three essays with complementary approaches on the economics of social integration in an urban setting. The first essay analyzes the emergence of ethno-cultural hierarchies in a multi-cultural context, typical of nowadays large metropolises. This emergence is studied using an evolutionary game theory model according to which, in a society, a common hierarchy view emerges from a multitude of independent interactions between members of the different ethno-cultural groups. The originality of the model lies in the featuring of several minorities and hierarchical views (i.e. multi-group and multi-strategy model) and in the reciprocal effects that minorities may have on each others' social statuses. These effects allow to explain the non-linear relationship between a minority's size and its status suggested by the empirical literature, as well as the complex impacts of a new minority's arrival on the other minorities. The evolutionary process implies that the adopted ethno-cultural hierarchy is, in most cases, too inegalitarian and thus economically inefficient. The second essay presents an urban economics model adapted to the sub-Saharan African city context where land ownership is often informal and uncertain and where land transactions are often hampered by important information asymmetries between buyers and sellers. The model allows to theoretically study the impact of two institutions aimed at reducing transaction uncertainty. The first one consists in a formal land registration system administered by the government, the second is a traditional social trust norm that links specific social groups. This model is, to the best of our knowledge, the first one to study the effects of a social norm on the functioning of an urban housing market and the urban structure. It shows that the land registration system is more efficient than the traditional trust norm if registration costs are limited, but also that the two institutions are partly substitutable. The model predicts that, with the gradual decrease of registration costs, land registration will progressively replace social trust norms in the future.Eventually, the third essay consists in an econometric analysis of a large urban renewal program launched in France in 2003 for the renovation of 600 deprived neighborhoods (i.e. the « Programme National de Rénovation Urbaine », PNRU). In order to avoid possible biases linked with heterogeneities in the program's effects across neighborhoods and across time periods, we rely on the very novel DID_M estimator developed by De Chaisemartin and D'Haultfoeuille (forthcoming) and complement its results with a more traditional difference-in-differences estimation. Our results suggest that the program had non-significant and, in any case, very limited effects (i.e. smaller than 3.5%) on housing prices in renovated neighborhoods. The program's effects on transaction volumes are also non-significant. However, the program led to a sizable upward evolution in the socio-professional status of housing buyers as compared to sellers, suggesting some improvement in the attractivity of renovated neighborhoods
26
Fong, Yik-lam Andy. "State and urban protest towards a theoretical model of state-urban protest interaction in the sphere of consumption in contemporary capitalist societies /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31975793.
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Wong, Pui-fung Gary, e 黃培烽. "Meaning of work among young graduates in urban China". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37847892.
28
Herbaux, Denis. "On the economics of interpersonal relationships: three essays on social capital, social norms and social identity". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210211.
Abstract (sommario):
For decades, economic theories have been mostly based on rational choices made by selfish individuals to maximize their utility, while sociology spent a lot of efforts describing the environment of individuals and explaining how this environment shapes theirs decisions. However, the last thirty years have seen many sociological concepts appear in the economic literature. For example, behavioral economics introduces things such as envy or altruism in economic theories. Other notions such as social capital, social norms, trust or community became more and more present in economic papers. The objective of this new strand of literature is to engage into sort of socioeconomic approach and to shed some light on interpersonal relationships. This thesis belongs to this socioeconomic approach, and tries to explore new aspects of various concepts. The two first papers are theoretical. In the first one, we explore the negative side of social capital, which has not been studied extensively, by investigating the effect of a norm on consumers when moving is costly. In the second one, we introduce a sociological concept, namely social identity, in a classic economic model in order to show how social interactions modifies its results, and hence, the importance of taking such interpersonal relationships into account. The third and final paper is an empirical case study of social capital in Belgium, an exercise that has not been done before, with the objective of comparing the level of social capital between the various regions of the country. In the first paper, The Tyranny of Social Norms on Individual Behavior, we study the negative effect of the existence of a norm and moving cost inside a community. Because of deviation cost (such as social shame or peer pressure for example), consumers inside a given community may not reach their ideal consumption, that is the consumption they would have without social constraint. On the other hand, moving to another community may be too expensive (in terms of social assets needed to be part of the new community). Hence, agents may get stuck in their community, being forced to consume something they do not want to. One example of such behavior is the underinvestment in education in some neighborhood. We show that such equilibria are possible and that they may be socially suboptimal equilibria as well as Pareto inferior equilibria. We also show that state intervention can correct those “bad” equilibria by operating transfers between agents in order to lower the moving cost.
In the second paper, Social Identity, Advertising and Market Competition, we use a particular approach of a sociological concept, namely Social Identity, which focuses on the fact that people want to signal who they are to others. We assume that this is done by choosing a specific consumption (think of fashion market for example). We show that under this assumption, the classical result of Bertrand Price Competition does not hold anymore, and that prices and profits are positive, meaning that social identity creates market power for firms. Moreover, if the number of goods is limited, groups will be formed, and there will be multiple equilibria, each one corresponding to a particular partition of the consumers. We then add the possibility for firms to use advertising. This allows consumers to have a coordination tool, but increases also market powers for firms. We investigate the various equilibria that arise and their impact in term of welfare.
In the third paper, Social Capital in Belgium, we construct an index of social capital using the European Social Survey, and we show that this index can be decomposed in three aspects: Trust, Social Activities and Social Network. We then study whether there is a difference in social capital between Belgium’s regions or not. We show that indeed, such difference exists, even when controlling for socioeconomic variables. In a third part, we investigate whether the level of social capital is higher or lower in Belgium than in other European countries, and we analyze European regional differences in term of social capital.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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樊志前 e Zhiqian Fan. "Urban renewal and neighborhood regeneration in Beijing". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260792.
30
Law, Yeuk-tim, e 羅躍添. "Social cost of urban renewal: a case study ofthe urban renewal scheme in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31968284.
31
Higginbotham, Rebecca Fritchley. "The individual and the collective : an Atlanta urban suburb". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23931.
32
Kyung, Wonseon. "Decentralization of Urban Service Activities: an Empirical Study". PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1338.
Abstract (sommario):
Post-war metropolitan development in the United States has been mainly due to suburban growth which resulted in dispersal of population, retailing, manufacturing, wholesaling and services. What is known about service suburbanization is primarily derived from survey research on location choices done in localized cases. There has been no comprehensive work done using secondary data on revealed behavior. This dissertation attempts that comprehensive study. The research analyzes the dynamics of locational structure of services in U.S. metropolitan areas from 1969 to 1989. The descriptive analysis of changes in the location coefficients provides evidence to demonstrate a spatial shifting of consumer oriented services roughly opposite to that of business oriented services. The top ranked business centers tend to exhibit a tendency toward greater centralization. There is a countervailing tendency toward decentralization of business oriented services in small and relatively underdeveloped service areas. According to the regional analysis, there is no clear tendency of business oriented services for the d services, however, appears to be strong for the 1969-89 period, especially for the Manufacturingbelt and South. Models for decentralization of consumer oriented and business oriented services indicate that the spatial dynamics of business services are different from those of consumer services. Relocation costs appear to be greater for business services than for consumer services. By contrast, service demand and racial composition seem to have a greater influence on decentralization of consumer services than on business services. The relocation costs are also likely to encourage more centralization of consumer and business services over a longer time span. The locational effects of corporate demand and decentralization of manufacturing activity, on the contrary, appear to weaken over a longer time span.
33
Kuhn, Sérgio Luiz. "A economia criativa nos municípios periféricos da região Oeste do Paraná". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2014. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2162.
Abstract (sommario):
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This research aims to "analyze the Creative Economy in peripheral municipalities of Paraná". The research was based on the understanding of the creative economy, from its founding father, John Howkins, focused on intangible asset that generates wealth and is the fastest growing economy in the world. Was based on data from secondary sources, bibliographies and especially also by the official as well as on primary data. To this end, these were searched in 20 municipalities with less than 7,000 inhabitants, having as target a purposive sample of 13 leaders, representatives of public-private, institutional and public bodies, totaling 260 respondents. The research instrument was a questionnaire with objective and subjective questions applied in situ and accompanied by an interview. As a result, it was found that approximately 80% of the leaders are male and which is the predominant training graduation. It was found that the counties recorded in the last decade a negative density of 1.7% (1,563 inhabitants). It was noticed that the different stakeholders surveyed believe in the Creative Economy as an alternative socio-economic and cultural development, and should be a structural and design a public-private and institutional policy. Pointing to an average growth of 103.8% of their numerous activities, areas and structures, with the greatest potential for implementation in the short and medium term the newspaper itself, rural and eco tourism, eco parks and travel plans, the vocational and language schools, the municipal theater, recycling and reuse of materials with added value, drawing, painting and others. The áreas of Pato Bragado, Quatro Pontes, Entre Rios do Oeste, Maripá, Mercedes e Serranópolis do Iguaçu are among the top municipalities performers in Creative Economy. However, the 20 studied municipalities need to overcome several bottlenecks difficulty with skilled labor, since they lose workforce of young talent for the regional centers that have higher job creation and greater opportunities for employment, income, studies and others. It has high dependence on agriculture, as well as federal and state public resources, as well as several critical social indicators of GDP, HDI, municipalities dormitories, among others. It is concluded that the Creative Economy through diversification of activities, gathers strength and expertise to leverage the growth and development of the peripheral municipalities, through their main public and private actors, organizations, institutions and citizens, among others.
Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar a Economia Criativa nos municípios periféricos do Oeste do Paraná . A pesquisa pautou-se na compreensão da Economia Criativa, a partir do seu fundador e pai, John Howkins, focada no bem intangível que gera riquezas e que é a economia que mais cresce no mundo. Fundamentou-se em dados de fontes secundárias, em especial de bibliografias e também junto aos órgãos oficiais, bem como, em dados primários. Para tal, estes foram pesquisados nos 20 municípios, com população inferior a 7.000 habitantes, tendo como público alvo uma amostra intencional de 13 lideranças, representantes de órgãos público-privados, institucionais e cidadãos, totalizando assim 260 pesquisados. O instrumento de pesquisa foi um questionário com questões objetivas e subjetivas aplicado in loco e acompanhado de entrevista. Como resultado, identificou-se que aproximadamente 80% das lideranças são do gênero masculino e cuja formação predominante é o da graduação. Constatou-se que os municípios registraram na última década uma densidade demográfica negativa de 1,7% (1.563 habitantes). Verificou-se que os diferentes atores pesquisados acreditam na Economia Criativa como uma alternativa de desenvolvimento socioeconômico e cultural, devendo ser um projeto estruturante e uma política público-privada e institucional. Apontando para um crescimento médio de 103,8% de suas inúmeras atividades, áreas e estruturas, tendo como maior potencial de implementação a curto e médio prazos o jornal próprio, o turismo rural e ecológico, os parques ecológicos e os roteiros de viagens, as escolas profissionalizantes e de idiomas, o teatro municipal, a reciclagem e reutilização de materiais com valor agregado, o desenho, a pintura e outros. Estão entre os melhores desempenhos na Economia Criativa os municípios de Pato Bragado, Quatro Pontes, Entre Rios do Oeste, Maripá, Mercedes e Serranópolis do Iguaçu, entre outros. No entanto, os 20 municípios pesquisados precisam superar vários gargalos, como à dificuldade com a mão de obra especializada, visto que perdem a força de trabalho de jovens e talentos para os polos regionais, que oferecem maiores oportunidades de empregos, renda, estudos e outros. Tem ainda, alta dependência da agropecuária, bem como, dos recursos públicos federais e estaduais, assim como, vários com indicadores sociais críticos de PIB, IDH, municípios dormitórios, etc. E por fim, conclui-se que a Economia Criativa, pela diversificação de atividades, formas e âmbitos, reúne forças e expertises para alavancar o crescimento e o desenvolvimento dos municípios periféricos, por meio dos seus principais atores públicos e privados, organizações, instituições e cidadãos, entre outros.
34
Hindiyeh, S. "Social change and agriculture in the West Bank 1950-1967 : Aspects of sharecropping and commercialisation". Thesis, University of Kent, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355687.
35
Blomley, N. K. "Retail law at the urban and national levels : Geographical aspects of the operation and possible amendment of the Shops Act (1950)". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373823.
36
Benson, Livia. "Social and political aspects of urban ecology : Possibilities and constraints for civicactors to influence urban green area planning at Årstafältet, Stockholm". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning (BIG), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-37028.
Abstract (sommario):
Answers to fundamental questions about pattern and process in the ecological and human world often comes from within the boundaries of one discipline or another, neglecting the relationships between the ecological and social systems. One manifestation of these relationships, which also forms the focus of this study, is conflicts over how to use urban green areas. Various scholars imply that civil society organisations and individual citizens can play an important role in articulating the ecological and social values that exist in much disputed green areas, and can therefore create a “protective story” to prevent exploitation. Following these implications and using a social network or social capital perspective, this study investigates a current conflict concerning Årstafältet, or the Årsta field, in Stockholm, which is suggested for exploitation, and focuses on the civic actors’ ability to participate in influencing the future of this green area. Although the conflict is still ongoing, the actors in the case study have at the present stage not been successful in protecting their green area. The results from interviews and participatory observations show the importance of accessing useful artefacts to incorporate into a protective story, and being able to present the artefacts in appropriate social arenas something that has been a limitation for the actors of Årstafältet. The actor groups’ ability to balance bridging and bonding social capital is also a factor that can have affected their success. The study further reveals a lack of democracy in the decision making process and suggest that public actors impede the participation of civic actors in contributing in the planning of urban green areas rather than facilitate their participation. In addition to highlighting some of the social and political factors that affect the emergence of green spatial structures in urban landscapes this study also establishes that the ecological perspective has been neglected in the case of Årstafältet. Following the results of the study a contemporary approach of studying urban ecology which includes attention on the mixture of social, political and ecological perspectives is encouraged for future research.
37
Kohon, Jacklyn Nicole. "Building Social Sustainability from the Ground Up: The Contested Social Dimension of Sustainability in Neighborhood-Scale Urban Regeneration in Portland, Copenhagen, and Nagoya". PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2330.
Abstract (sommario):
In response to growing social inequality, environmental crises, and economic instability, sustainability discourse has become the dominant "master signifier" for many fields, particularly the field of urban planning. However, in practice many sustainability methods overemphasize technological and economic growth-oriented solutions while underemphasizing the social dimension. The social dimension of sustainability remains a "concept in chaos" drawing little agreement on definitions, domains, and indicators for addressing the social challenges of urban life. In contrast, while the field of public health, with its emphasis on social justice principles, has made significant strides in framing and developing interventions to target the social determinants of health (SDH), this work has yet to be integrated into sustainability practice as a tool for framing the social dimension. Meanwhile, as municipalities move forward with these lopsided efforts at approaching sustainability practice, cities continue to experience gentrification, increasing homelessness, health disparities, and many other concerns related to social inequity, environmental injustice, and marginalization. This research involves multi-site, comparative case studies of neighborhood-scale sustainability planning projects in Portland, U.S.; Copenhagen, Denmark; and Nagoya, Japan to bring to light an understanding of how the social dimension is conceptualized and translated to practice in different contexts, as well as the challenges planners, citizen participants, and other stakeholders encounter in attempting to do so. These case studies find that these neighborhood-scale planning efforts are essentially framing the social dimension in terms of principles of SDH. Significant challenges encountered at the neighborhood-scale relate to political economic context and trade-offs between ideals of social sustainability, such as social inclusion and nurturing a sense of belonging when confronted with diverse neighborhood actors, such as sexually oriented businesses and recent immigrants. This research contributes to urban social sustainability literature and sustainability planning practice by interrogating these contested notions and beginning to create a pathway for integration of SDH principles into conceptualizations of social sustainability.
38
Jansen, Ada Isobel. "Aspects of the economics of water management in urban settings in South Africa, with a focus on Cape Town". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19974.
Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Concerns about the sufficiency of freshwater supplies and the impact of water shortages have placed sustainable water management on the global agenda. This is particularly relevant in South Africa, a country with precipitation rates well below the global average and water resources that have become highly polluted. The scarcity of water for consumption use and of unpolluted water bodies as recreational and environmental good highlights the need for an economic analysis of these issues. This dissertation investigates some economic aspects of water management in the South African context in two distinctive parts. Part One (Chapters 2 to 5) aims to provide an understanding of urban water demand and analyses water pricing as demand management tool. Part Two (Chapters 6 and 7) analyses the values people attach to water resources for recreational and environmental purposes. Quantitative methodological approaches are predominantly used to inform an economic perspective on water demand management. The extent of water scarcity is discussed in Chapter Two. South Africa is approaching physical water scarcity, but many poor households do not yet have access to water and basic sanitation facilities, i.e. there is also economic water scarcity. Given this background, Chapter Three focuses on water demand management as part of an integrated water management approach. The role of water prices is discussed, in particular the Increasing Block Tariff (IBT) structure which is predominantly used in South Africa. Chapter Four estimates the price elasticity of demand for water using household water consumption records obtained from the City of Cape Town (CCT). A distinctive feature of this case study is a survey undertaken to collect household information on demographic and water-use characteristics, as water databases are severely lacking in South Africa. The results show water demand to be mostly price inelastic, which concurs with findings from international empirical literature. Furthermore, higher-income households are found to be more sensitive to price changes, thus some reduction in water consumption can be achieved by increasing marginal prices at the upper end of the IBT structure. Chapter Five analyses the IBT structure as a redistributive tool. Particular attention is given to the Free Basic Water policy of South Africa, which allows each household to receive six kilolitres of water free per month. Empirical modelling indicates that the IBT structure in its current form holds limited benefits for the poor, given the state of service delivery in South Africa: the lack of access to the water network prevents the poorest households from being the recipients of the cross-subsidisation occurring in an IBT structure. Part Two studies urban water resources as recreational and environmental goods. The literature review of environmental valuation techniques in Chapter Six places particular emphasis on the Contingent Valuation Method. This method is applied in Chapter Seven, where the value of improving the environmental quality of a freshwater urban lake is analysed in a middle- to low-income urban area. Another survey was undertaken specifically for this purpose of gauging the willingness to pay for improved recreational facilities and water quality of Zeekoevlei. The results show that low-income households do attach value to urban environmental goods, a result which adds to our knowledge of willingness to pay for environmental goods in developing countries.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Besorgdheid oor die toereikenheid van varswaterbronne en die impak van watertekorte het volhoubare waterbestuur op die wêreldagenda geplaas. Dit is veral relevant vir Suid- Afrika, 'n land met neerslagkoerse ver onder die wêreld gemiddelde en waterbronne wat hoogs besoedeld geword het. Die skaarsheid van water vir verbruik en van onbesoedelde waterbronne as ontspannings- en omgewingsproduk, beklemtoon die noodsaaklikheid vir 'n ekonomiese analise van hierdie kwessies. Hierdie proefskrif ondersoek sekere ekonomiese aspekte van waterbestuur in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks, in twee dele. Deel Een (Hoofstukke Twee tot Vyf) beoog om insig te verskaf oor die stedelike vraag na water en analiseer die prys van water as 'n vraagbestuursmaatstaf. Deel Twee (Hoofstukke Ses en Sewe) ontleed die waarde wat mense heg aan waterbronne vir ontspannings- en omgewingsdoeleindes. Kwantitatiewe metodologiese benaderinge word hoofsaaklik gebruik om 'n ekonomiese perspektief op watervraag bestuur toe te lig. Die omvang van waterskaarsheid in Suid-Afrika word in Hoofstuk Twee bespreek. Hierdie hoofstuk dui aan dat Suid-Afrika besig is om fisiese waterskaarste te bereik, maar die land het ook baie arm huishoudings wat nog nie toegang tot water en basiese sanitasiefasiliteite het nie, dw.s. wat daar is ook ekonomiese waterskaarsheid. Gegewe hierdie agtergrond, fokus Hoofstuk Drie op watervraagbestuur, as deel van 'n geïntegreerde waterbestuursbenadering. Die rol van waterpryse word bespreek, veral die Stygende-Blok-Tarief (SBT) struktuur wat grotendeels in Suid-Afrika gebruik word. Hoofstuk Vier bepaal die pryselastisiteit van vraag vir water met behulp van huishoudelike waterverbruiksdata, verkry vanaf die Stad Kaapstad. 'n Kenmerkende eienskap van hierdie gevallestudie is die ingesamelde huishoudelike inligting oor demografiese en waterverbruik-eienskappe, aangesien daar ‘n groot tekort aan water-databasisse in Suid- Afrika is. Die uitslae toon dat watervraag meestal prysonelasties is, wat ooreenstem met bevindinge van ander empiriese literatuur. Verder word gevind dat hoё-inkomste huishoudings meer sensitief is vir prysveranderinge. Dus sal 'n afname in waterverbruik bewerkstellig kan word deur marginale pryse aan die hoёr kant van die SBT struktuur te verhoog. Hoofstuk Vyf ondersoek die SBT struktuur as 'n effektiewe herverdelingsmaatstaf. Spesifieke aandag word aan die Gratis Basiese Water-beleid van Suid-Afrika geskenk, wat voorsiening maak dat elke huishouding ses kiloliter water per maand verniet ontvang. Die bevindinge van empiriese modellering is dat die SBT struktuur, soos dit tans in Suid-Afrika toegepas word, beperkte voordele vir die armes inhou, gegewe die huidige stand van watervoorsiening in Suid-Afrika. As gevolg van die agterstand met betrekking tot toegang tot water, ontvang die heel armes nie die voordele van kruissubsidiёring wat plaasvind onder 'n SBT struktuur nie. Deel Twee bestudeer stedelike waterbronne as ontspannings- en omgewingsprodukte. Hoofstuk Ses verskaf 'n literatuur oorsig oor omgewingswaardasie tegnieke, met 'n spesieke fokus op die Kontingente Waardasie-metode. Hierdie metode word in Hoofstuk Sewe toegepas, waar die waarde van verbeteringe in die omgewingskwaliteit van 'n varswatermeer in 'n middel- tot lae-komste stedelike gebied ondersoek word. Nog 'n opname is gedoen met die doel om die bereidwilligheid om te betaal vir verbeterde ontspanningsfasiliteite en die waterkwaliteit van Zeekoevlei te meet. Die bevindinge toon dat lae-inkomste huishoudings wel waarde heg aan stedelike omgewingsprodukte.
39
Simon, Scott 1965. "Economics of the Tao : social and economic dimensions of a Taoist monastery". Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68136.
Abstract (sommario):
Most studies of monasticism have concentrated on the religious discourse of asceticism as a withdrawal from the secular world. Based on three months of field research in a Taoist monastery at a holy mountain in Wenzhou, China, however, this thesis describes the close relationship between the monastery and the local society and economy. Social and economic factors influence the decisions of individuals to become monks or nuns. Through networks of lay disciples, the monastery maintains close social links to society. Furthermore, the monastery is intricately tied to the economy as a provider of ritual and tourist services. It is hoped that this thesis will contribute to a better understanding of the place of religious institutions in rural Chinese society.
40
Laing, Andrew McDonald. "Economics and gender : ways of understanding the social relations of women and men in the economy". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76001.
41
Kepenek, Gokyay. "Urban housing, Istanbul, Turkey". Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845990.
42
Benson, Livia. "Social and political aspects of urban ecology : Possibilities and constraints for civic actors to influence urban green area planning at Årstafältet, Stockholm". Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Biology Education, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-37028.
Abstract (sommario):
Answers to fundamental questions about pattern and process in the ecological and human world often comes from within the boundaries of one discipline or another, neglecting the relationships between the ecological and social systems. One manifestation of these relationships, which also forms the focus of this study, is conflicts over how to use urban green areas. Various scholars imply that civil society organisations and individual citizens can play an important role in articulating the ecological and social values that exist in much disputed green areas, and can therefore create a “protective story” to prevent exploitation. Following these implications and using a social network or social capital perspective, this study investigates a current conflict concerning Årstafältet, or the Årsta field, in Stockholm, which is suggested for exploitation, and focuses on the civic actors’ ability to participate in influencing the future of this green area. Although the conflict is still ongoing, the actors in the case study have at the present stage not been successful in protecting their green area. The results from interviews and participatory observations show the importance of accessing useful artefacts to incorporate into a protective story, and being able to present the artefacts in appropriate social arenas something that has been a limitation for the actors of Årstafältet. The actor groups’ ability to balance bridging and bonding social capital is also a factor that can have affected their success. The study further reveals a lack of democracy in the decision making process and suggest that public actors impede the participation of civic actors in contributing in the planning of urban green areas rather than facilitate their participation. In addition to highlighting some of the social and political factors that affect the emergence of green spatial structures in urban landscapes this study also establishes that the ecological perspective has been neglected in the case of Årstafältet. Following the results of the study a contemporary approach of studying urban ecology which includes attention on the mixture of social, political and ecological perspectives is encouraged for future research.
43
Heins, Matthew William. "The urban experience at Hartsfield Airport". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23991.
44
Ashkinadze, Rimma. "Urban squatting: an adaptive response to the housing crisis". Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1313773440.
45
Bock, Jan-Jonathan. "L'Aquila : the social consequences of disaster and the recovery of everyday life in an Italian urban environment". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709169.
46
Noury, Abdul Ghafar. "Essays on Economics of political Behavior". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211488.
47
Neal, Margaret B. "Socialization and ideal expectations for the health professional role in the provision of quality terminal care for the urban elderly". PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/332.
Abstract (sommario):
This study investigates socialization and ideal expectations for the health professional role in the provision of quality terminal care. Guiding the research are role theory, socialization theory, and Talcott Parsons' (1951) pattern variables. The research was conducted in three phases. The first phase involved development of an analytical framework elaborating upon Parsons' five pattern variables, which were first conceptualized as dimensions describing the ways in which roles could vary. Specific indicators for each of the pattern variables were developed. Typologies characterizing (1) the medical, or conventional, model and (2) the holistic model (specifically, the hospice model) for the provision of health care based on these indicators then were developed. Using the analytical framework, the second and third phases consisted of: (1) a content analysis of the physician and nurse socialization literature to determine the role prescriptions learned by these health professionals; and (2) a content analysis of open-ended interviews with a group (N = 94) of terminally ill elderly patients (n = 17), family members (n = 38), and health professionals (n = 39) from 10 urban health care programs (five conventional and five hospice) to identify ideal role expectations for the health professional. Major findings were that: (1) Parsons' pattern variables, with elaboration, can provide a useful framework for role analysis; (2) physicians and nurses appear to be socialized to a number of role prescriptions consistent with the medical model, although there is evidence of conflicting socialization (to both models) for some role prescriptions; (3) respondents' expectations generally were consistent with those prescribed by the hospice model with some notable exceptions; (4) the role expectations of the three groups of respondents were more congruent than was expected, although subgroups' (conventional versus hospice) expectations tended to differ. Implications of the findings for: (1) role analysis; (2) socialization of health professionals to minimize role strain and conflict with patients and families; (3) continued implementation of conventional and hospice models for the provision of quality terminal care; (4) assessment of the quality of terminal care are explored; and (5) further research are explored.
48
Burbidge, Dominic. "Trust and social capital in urban Kenya and Tanzania". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8ce0eac9-b9a6-4b61-b377-86e2805a7959.
Abstract (sommario):
Stable networks of cooperation, through which persons act under assumptions of reciprocity, promise-keeping and trust, are necessary for any society to flourish. These relationships have been described as “social capital”, defined as the norms and networks that enable collective action. Whilst study of social capital has generated much attention from those interested in its consequences for economic development and social unity, there remains a certain gap within the social sciences between homo economicus assumptions of self-motivated behaviour and manifestations of social capital. This invites analysis into the causes of social capital, which is the question taken up in this thesis. Asking what necessary conditions facilitate social capital’s emergence, this study analyses trustful relationships in urban Kenya and Tanzania. Urban living acts as a litmus test to trust relations and helps expose the necessary forces for social capital’s creation. Alongside this, the research sites of Kenya and Tanzania assisted in controlling for historical and cultural factors that may blur causal accounts of social capital. The two countries share similarities in their political, social and economic histories and, at the same time, exhibit diverging political emphases since independence and resulting levels of citizen-on-citizen trust. The country-level similarities and differences thus help contrast the lower levels of urban trust found in Kenya against the higher levels found in Tanzania, allowing in-depth examination of the conditions that support social capital’s emergence. Evidence is offered firstly through qualitative exploration of the formation of trustful relationships in economically competitive scenarios. Study of a single social network of plastic-bag sellers in Mwanza, Tanzania, reveals the importance of early anchors of trust as zones of reputation-indication. The comparative experiences of local market-sellers in Kisumu, Kenya, and Mwanza, Tanzania, support understanding higher levels of trust to pervade in Tanzania than in Kenya, and evaluate the influence of ethnic homogeneity for community solidarity. Interviews with business owners of Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, proceed to offer insights on alternative, normative dimensions that may help explain different levels of trust found amongst citizens. To measure the quantitative extent of trust and particular factors influential for its formation, “trust games” were deployed in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam. The experiments were engineered to test areas of common knowledge, specifically ethnicity and the “social virtue” of integrity. Engaging with common knowledge variables in this way offered for analysis areas of mutual understanding between citizens. Alongside confirming higher levels of trust in Tanzania than in Kenya, the games revealed how common knowledge of ethnicity and integrity bore influential effects on levels of trust that were country-specific. Whilst common knowledge of ethnicity tended to have a negative impact on levels of cooperation in Tanzania as compared to Kenya, the effect was the opposite for the social virtue of integrity. The thesis’ central argument is that congruence between citizens on what marks out a trustworthy person is a precondition for relationships of trust to emerge; some symmetry in the moral discourse surrounding agency, character and reputation is thus critical for bringing about the economic and political benefits associated with social capital.
49
Ball, Rebecca Elizabeth. "Portland's Independent Music Scene: The Formation of Community Identities and Alternative Urban Cultural Landscapes". PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/126.
Abstract (sommario):
Portland has a rich, active, and fluid music culture which is constantly being (re)created and (re)defined by a loose network of local musicians who write, record, produce, promote, distribute, and perform their music locally (and sometimes regionally, nationally, and internationally) and local residents, or audiences, who engage in local musical practices. Independent ("indie") local music making in Portland, which is embedded in DIY (do it yourself) values, creates alternative cultural places and landscapes in the city and is one medium through which some people represent themselves in the community. These residents not only perform, consume, promote, and distribute local music, they also (re)create places to host musical expressions. They have built alternative and democratic cultural landscapes, or culturescapes, in the city. Involved Portlanders strive to make live music performances accessible and affordable to all people, demonstrating through musical practices that the city is a shared space and represents a diversity of people, thoughts, values, and cultural preferences. Using theoretical tools from critical research about the economic, spatial, and social role of cultures in cities, particularly music, and ethnographic research of the Portland music scene, including participant observations and in-depth interviews with Portland musicians and other involved residents, this research takes a critical approach to examining ways in which manifestations of independent music are democratic cultural experiences that influence the city's cultural identity and are a medium through which a loosely defined group of Portlanders represent their cultural values and right to the city. In particular, it focuses on how local musical practices, especially live performances, (re)create alternative spaces within the city for musical expressions and influence the city's cultural landscapes, as well as differences between DIY independent music in Portland and its commodified forms and musicians and products produced by global music industry.
50
Tanner, Janis, e University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "An ethnography of disordered eating in urban Canada". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2006, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/362.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the problem of disordered eating based on ethnographic fieldwork
in emergency shelters, soup kitchens, and eating disorder support groups, as well as
interviews with medical professionals, and other residents of a Canadian city. This
person-centered ethnography that explores the eating behaviors of not only those who
have been diagnosed with 'eating disorders', but also those who are unable at times to
provide themselves with food reveals that in spite of a prevailing discourse that
determines eating as an independent act, food choices and eating patterns are dependent
social 'works of the imagination' affected and shaped by social determinants and cultural
norms. From eating disorders to type 2 diabetes and 'food as gift,' the lived experience
of individuals indexes the ways in which food, power, and identity are enmeshed and
embedded within culture. This critical perspective argues that disordered eating is
socially and culturally produced and reproduced.vi, 182 leaves ; 29 cm.