Tesi sul tema "Urban background"
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Goldman, Anna Scott. "Architecture as the background to collective life". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24367.
Hu, Songhua. "Family background and life chances in urban China, 1950-1996 /". May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Wood, Paul Adair. "Urban Native American Educational Attitudes: Impact of Educational Background and Childhood Residency". PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4530.
Jaramillo, Jaime Marie. "THE CITY OF MILPITAS HISTORIC GATEWAY BACKGROUND REPORT AND DESIGN GUIDELINES". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1468.
Klein, Michael P. "Real estate development exactions, linkage, and the Nollan decision : some background, observations, and policy suggestions". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14046.
Goodman, Penelope J. "Between city and country : the cultural background, character and function of Gallo-Roman urban peripheries". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391224.
Davoudian, Navaz. "The impact of background lighting complexity on the visual saliency of urban objects at night". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522427.
Au-Yeu, Ho-Kong Christopher. "Exposures to respirable air particles in urban microenvironments and effects of background levels on cardiorespiratory symptoms". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/56042/.
Pearcy, Charles M. "The impact of background resolution on Target Acquisitions Weapons Software (TAWS) sensor performance". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2232.
This study evaluated the sensitivity of TAWS detection range calculations to the spatial resolution of scenario backgrounds. Sixteen independent sites were analyzed to determine TAWS background. Multispectral satellite data were processed to different spatial resolutions from 1m to 8km. The resultant imagery was further processed to determine TAWS background type. The TAWS background type was refined to include soil moisture characteristics. Soil moisture analyses were obtained using in situ measurements, the Air Force's Agricultural-Meteorological (AGRMET) model and the Army's Fast All-seasons Soil Strength (FASST) model. The analyzed imagery was compared to the current default 1o latitude by 1o of longitude database in TAWS. The use of the current default TAWS background database was shown to result in TAWS ranges differing from the 1m standard range by 18-23%. The uncertainty was reduced to 5% when background resolution was improved to 8km in rural areas. By contrast, in urban regions the uncertainty was reduced to 14% when spatial resolution was reduced to 30m. These results suggest that the rural and urban designations are important to the definition of a background database.
First Lieutenant, United States Air Force
Enthoven, Margaretha Ewdokija Maria. "The ability to bounce beyond the contribution of the school environment to the resilience of Dutch urban middle-adolescents from a low socio-economic background /". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09192007-121410/.
Torras, Ortiz Sandra [Verfasser], e Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Friedrich. "A hybrid dispersion modelling approach for quantifying and assessing air quality in Germany with focus on urban background and kerbside concentrations / Sandra Torras Ortiz. Betreuer: Rainer Friedrich". Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1022379232/34.
Dufresne, Marvin. "Sources et déterminants des composés organiques volatils à Marseille". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022MTLD0007.
Volatil Organic Compounds (VOC) are key species because of their role as precursors of secondary pollutants such as ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). However, the knowledge on VOC emissions remains insufficient, leading to high uncertainties on emission inventories and consequently on chemistry-transport models (CTM) which are crucial for the successful implementation of efficient air quality policies. This lack of information is all the more critical in the Mediterranean basin since this region is particularly affected by air pollution and climate change. In order to provide new knowledge on the sources and factors controlling VOC in this region, an 18-months field campaign took place from March 2019 to August 2020 in Marseille. It allowed to obtain a unique database of 70 non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) compounds for the study of the evolution of the VOC composition of the atmosphere of Marseille. The analysis of observations using the source-receptor model PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization), allowed to determine eight major NMHC emission sources for the measured compounds. Road traffic is the main emitter of these compounds in Marseille in all the seasons contributing to 40% of concentrations whereas residential heating contributes to 20% in winter. A sharp decrease of the NMHC emissions due to road traffic has been observed in Spring 2020 associated to the lockdown due to the sanitary crisis of Covid-19. An industrial source has been identified as high emitter of xylenes, species with a high potential on SOA formation. Global, regional and local emission inventories were compared to each other with the observations in the Marseille area. A high variability on the total VOC emissions but a very good agreement on the VOC emissions from road traffic. This comparison showed the chemical speciation of VOC emission sources is significantly higher for the inventories in the case of HCNM emitted by combustion (alkenes and aromatics) possibly due to an overestimation of residential heating. In addition, the study showed a difference in chemical composition for road traffic between the local emission inventory and observations
Tiger, Guillaume. "Synthèse sonore d'ambiances urbaines pour les applications vidéoludiques". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0968/document.
In video gaming and interactive media, the making of complex sound ambiences relies heavily on the allowed memory and computational resources. So a compromise solution is necessary regarding the choice of audio material and its treatment in order to reach immersive and credible real-time ambiences. Alternatively, the use of procedural audio techniques, i.e. the generation of audio content relatively to the data provided by the virtual scene, has increased in recent years. Procedural methodologies seem appropriate to sonify complex environments such as virtual cities.In this thesis we specifically focus on the creation of interactive urban sound ambiences. Our analysis of these ambiences is based on the Soundscape theory and on a state of art on game oriented urban interactive applications. We infer that the virtual urban soundscape is made of several perceptive auditory grounds including a background. As a first contribution we define the morphological and narrative properties of such a background. We then consider the urban background sound as a texture and propose, as a second contribution, to pinpoint, specify and prototype a granular synthesis tool dedicated to interactive urban sound backgrounds.The synthesizer prototype is created using the visual programming language Pure Data. On the basis of our state of the art, we include an urban ambiences recording methodology to feed the granular synthesis. Finally, two validation steps regarding the prototype are described: the integration to the virtual city simulation Terra Dynamica on the one side and a perceptive listening comparison test on the other
Tiger, Guillaume. "Synthèse sonore d'ambiances urbaines pour les applications vidéoludiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CNAM0968.
In video gaming and interactive media, the making of complex sound ambiences relies heavily on the allowed memory and computational resources. So a compromise solution is necessary regarding the choice of audio material and its treatment in order to reach immersive and credible real-time ambiences. Alternatively, the use of procedural audio techniques, i.e. the generation of audio content relatively to the data provided by the virtual scene, has increased in recent years. Procedural methodologies seem appropriate to sonify complex environments such as virtual cities.In this thesis we specifically focus on the creation of interactive urban sound ambiences. Our analysis of these ambiences is based on the Soundscape theory and on a state of art on game oriented urban interactive applications. We infer that the virtual urban soundscape is made of several perceptive auditory grounds including a background. As a first contribution we define the morphological and narrative properties of such a background. We then consider the urban background sound as a texture and propose, as a second contribution, to pinpoint, specify and prototype a granular synthesis tool dedicated to interactive urban sound backgrounds.The synthesizer prototype is created using the visual programming language Pure Data. On the basis of our state of the art, we include an urban ambiences recording methodology to feed the granular synthesis. Finally, two validation steps regarding the prototype are described: the integration to the virtual city simulation Terra Dynamica on the one side and a perceptive listening comparison test on the other
Sauvaget, Baptiste. "Constitution de référentiels géochimiques locaux pour les sols et proches sous-sols urbains : de la base de données à l'interprétation géostatistique". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM014/document.
Large urban redevelopments generate large volumes of excavated soils whose reusability is now possible if they are compatible with the pedo-geochemical background of the receiving site. In order to facilitate this valorization, this thesis focuses on processing methodologies on data acquired for other purposes than the determination of the pedo-geochemical background, in order to provide a geochemical quality reference system for urban soils at the scale of one neighborhood or city. The first tests show the limits of the statistical stresholds, usually used with data dedicated to the pedo-geochemical background because of their sensitivity to the limit of quantification, to the distribution law or to the percentage of anomaly. The segmentation of the territory into coherent geographical entities based on the nature of the soil and subsoil and the anthropogenic pressures (current or past) allows the constitution of different geochemical background levels according to the geochemical quality of the soils, but one of the difficulties concerns the information of all entities. The statistical classification of the samples, even if spatialized, does not currently provide usable results for the management of the excavated earth. Lastly, geostatistical filtering via a linear model of coregionalisation provides a solid alternative for anomaly filtering and background estimation at a neighborhood scale
Sauvaget, Baptiste. "Constitution de référentiels géochimiques locaux pour les sols et proches sous-sols urbains : de la base de données à l'interprétation géostatistique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM014.
Large urban redevelopments generate large volumes of excavated soils whose reusability is now possible if they are compatible with the pedo-geochemical background of the receiving site. In order to facilitate this valorization, this thesis focuses on processing methodologies on data acquired for other purposes than the determination of the pedo-geochemical background, in order to provide a geochemical quality reference system for urban soils at the scale of one neighborhood or city. The first tests show the limits of the statistical stresholds, usually used with data dedicated to the pedo-geochemical background because of their sensitivity to the limit of quantification, to the distribution law or to the percentage of anomaly. The segmentation of the territory into coherent geographical entities based on the nature of the soil and subsoil and the anthropogenic pressures (current or past) allows the constitution of different geochemical background levels according to the geochemical quality of the soils, but one of the difficulties concerns the information of all entities. The statistical classification of the samples, even if spatialized, does not currently provide usable results for the management of the excavated earth. Lastly, geostatistical filtering via a linear model of coregionalisation provides a solid alternative for anomaly filtering and background estimation at a neighborhood scale
Pérez, Lozano Noemí. "Variability of atmospheric aerosols at urban, regional and continental backgrounds in the western mediterranean basin". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5821.
Durante el invierno, la frecuente estabilidad atmosférica induce el estancamiento de masas de aire produciendo importantes episodios de contaminación en BCN. Sin embargo, MSY y, más frecuentemente MSC, quedan aislados de la contaminación regional. En determinados escenarios, el desarrollo de la capa límite y las brisas resultan en el transporte de masas de aire contaminadas a zonas rurales, aumentando notablemente los niveles de PM en función de la altitud y la distancia a las zonas fuente.
Durante el verano, la circulación de brisas favorece la dispersión, mezcla y envejecimiento de contaminantes a escala regional y la reducción de las diferencias entre BCN, MSY y MSC. Se midieron niveles similares de algunos componentes (materia orgánica, sulfato) a escala regional. Los niveles de materia mineral aumentan en verano por una resuspensión favorecida y una mayor frecuencia de intrusiones africanas, más significativamente en el MSC, dado su impacto en altura.
La mayor contribución al PM10 en BCN se debe principalmente al tráfico (50% del PM10), resultante de las emisiones del tráfico primarias, nitrato y aerosoles secundarios envejecidos. La materia mineral se origina por resuspensión del polvo de carretera por vehículos pero también resuspensión por viento y obras. La contribución regional en BCN (25%) es principalmente materia mineral, nitrato y sulfato amónico.
La variabilidad horaria de los diferentes parámetros de medida de aerosoles en BCN (N, BC, PM10, PM2.5 y PM1) está muy marcada por emisiones de tráfico y meteorología (especialmente brisas). Sin embargo, algunos parámetros no se rigen solamente por emisiones directas del tráfico, como PM2.5-10 (resuspensión) y N (emisiones de partículas ultrafinas y procesos de nucleación fotoquímica).
La influencia de las emisiones del tráfico en los niveles de partículas finas en BCN se refleja en los niveles anuales de PM1, que aumentan de 2003 a 2007 relacionados con un aumento progresivo del tráfico y la flota diesel en BCN. Sin embargo se observó una tendencia decreciente en las fracciones gruesas en BCN y MSY, que se atribuye a la meteorología y a cambios en emisiones industriales.
El estudio simultáneo de diferentes parámetros ha mostrado que el control de PM1 (modos de nucleación y acumulación) y/o BC (procesos de combustión), y PM10, (combustión y aerosoles generados mecánicamente) puede ser una estrategia mejor que la combinación de PM2.5 y PM10 como estándares de medida de calidad del aire.
La medida en paralelo de aerosoles en fondos urbano, regional y continental ha sido una estrategia útil para entender la fenomenología de aerosoles en la cuenca del Mediterráneo Occidental. Las emisiones urbanas e industriales tienen un impacto considerable en los niveles y composición de PM en zonas rurales situadas a diferentes alturas, tanto en verano, con una importante recirculación y mezcla de masas de aire a escala regional, como en invierno, con transporte de contaminantes activado por brisas. El gran impacto de la contaminación urbana a escala regional demuestra la importancia de aplicar estrategias de reducción de emisiones de tráfico urbano, a fin de mejorar la calidad del aire no sólo a nivel local, sino también a escala regional.
A detailed study of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) levels and composition measured simultaneously in different environments at a regional scale was performed in the Western Mediterranean Basin in order to understand the sources, transformation and transport of tropospheric aerosols in this area. In this direction, the monitoring of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 levels and chemical characterization was carried out at three monitoring stations: Montsec (MSC, continental background, 1570 m.a.s.l.), Montseny (MSY, regional background, 720 m.a.s.l.) and Barcelona (BCN, urban background, 68 m.a.s.l.). In addition, number concentration (N) and black carbon (BC) levels were monitored at BCN.
During winter, the frequent anticyclonic atmospheric stability induces the stagnation of air masses that produce important pollution episodes at BCN. However, atmospheric decoupling leaves MSY and, more frequently MSC, isolated from regional pollution during several days. In specific scenarios, the growth of the boundary layer and development of mountain breezes, activated by solar radiation, result in the transport of polluted air masses accumulated in the valley to the rural sites, increasing markedly PM levels at a different rate depending on the altitude and distance to the source areas.
During summer, intense breeze circulations and atmospheric mixing favour the dispersion, recirculation and ageing of pollutants at a regional scale, reducing the differences between the urban and the rural sites. Similar levels of some components (organic matter or sulphate) were measured at a regional scale. Mineral matter levels increase during the summer, because of a favoured dust resuspension and higher frequency of African dust outbreaks, more significantly at MSC given the impact of African dust at higher altitudes.
The major contribution to PM10 in BCN was mainly related to road traffic (50% of PM10), resulting from primary traffic emissions, secondary nitrate and aged secondary aerosols. Anthropogenic dust may originate from road dust resuspension by vehicles, but also wind resuspension and construction/demolition works. The regional contribution at the urban site (25%) was mainly mineral dust, ammonium sulphate and nitrate.
The hourly variability of aerosol measurement parameters (N, BC, PM10, PM2.5 and PM1) at BCN is very influenced by road traffic emissions and meteorology (especially breezes). However, some parameters are not only governed by traffic exhaust emissions, as PM2.5-10 (dust resuspension processes) and N (direct ultrafine particle emissions but also photochemical nucleation processes).
The influence of road traffic emissions on the levels of fine PM at BCN is reflected in PM1 mean annual levels, showing an increasing trend from 2003 to 2007 and correlation with the progressive rise in road traffic flow and diesel fleet in BCN. However a decreasing trend was observed for the coarser fractions at BCN and MSY, attributed to meteorology and changes in industrial emissions.
The simultaneous study of different parameters showed that the monitoring of PM1 (nucleation and accumulation modes) and/or BC (combustion processes), and PM10 (combustion and mechanically-generated aerosols) may be a better strategy than the combination of PM2.5 and PM10 measurements as air quality standards.
The parallel monitoring of aerosols at urban, regional and continental backgrounds was a useful strategy in order to understand the phenomenology of aerosols in the WMB. Urban and industrial emissions have a considerable impact in PM levels and composition in rural areas at different altitudes, both in summer, with important atmospheric recirculation and mixing of air masses at a regional scale, and winter, with breeze-activated transport of stagnated urban pollutants. The high contribution of urban emissions and the transport of air masses at a regional scale demonstrate the importance of applying emission abatement strategies for urban road traffic, in order to improve air quality not only at a local, but also at a regional scale.
Jorge, Danilo Custódio. "Particulate carbon in the atmosphere: distribution aging and wet deposition". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16829.
During the last decades a significant number of studies was performed about the cycling of carbonaceous matter in the atmosphere. Despite the efforts of the scientific community, a full understanding about the composition and formation of carbonaceous aerosol in ambient air was not yet achieved, reflecting the great variety of emitting sources and the complexity of transformation processes in the atmosphere. In addition, very little is known about a specific type of carbonaceous aerosol: the indoor carbonaceous aerosol. Removal of particulate carbonaceous matter from the atmosphere is another component of the carbon cycle that has received poor attention from researchers. The main aim of this work was to contribute to a better understanding of the sources, transformation processes and removal of atmospheric carbonaceous matter. Particulate matter, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations were measured simultaneously in the indoor and outdoor air of residences located in urban and sub-urban areas of northwestern Mainland Portugal. Average indoor to outdoor ratios (I/O) for OC were higher than 1 in occupied residences, showing that indoor sources, such as cooking, smoking, biomass burning and movement of people, strongly influenced indoor OC concentrations. In contrast, I/O ratios for EC were close to 1, except for a smokers’ residence, suggesting that indoor concentrations were mainly controlled by outdoor sources, most likely from vehicular emissions and biomass burning. Aerosol composition was also evaluated during one year in a kerbside site located in a busy road of Oporto. Road traffic, local dust and biomass burning were found to be the most important sources of aerosol particles. Most of the aerosol constituents exhibited well-defined temporal variations, which were related with the seasonal variability of source strengths, atmospheric processes and climatic conditions. In addition, precipitation samples were collected and characterized for chemical constituents at a background site in the Azores Islands and an urban site in the city of Oporto. Transport from continental areas bordering the North Atlantic Ocean were the main source of EC in the Azores. Both local emissions and long-range transport explained the levels of water soluble organic carbon found in the same samples. Concentrations of carbonaceous matter in Oporto were considerably higher than those measured before in other background areas in Portugal, indicating a significant atmospheric contamination by anthropogenic activities.
Nas últimas décadas foram desenvolvidos vários estudos sobre a circulação atmosférica da matéria carbonácea. Contudo, apesar dos esforços da comunidade científica, não se conseguiu ainda compreender detalhadamente a composição e a formação do aerossol carbonáceo no ar ambiente, o que reflete a grande variedade de fontes emissoras e a complexidade dos processos de transformação que ocorrem na atmosfera. Acresce ainda que se sabe muito pouco sobre um caso particular do aerossol de carbono: as partículas carbonáceas em suspensão no ar interior. Outra componente do ciclo do carbono que tem merecido pouca atenção da comunidade científica é a remoção das partículas carbonáceas da atmosfera. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal contribuir para um melhor conhecimento sobre as fontes, processos de transformação e remoção da matéria carbonácea presente na atmosfera. As concentrações de matéria particulada, carbono orgânico (CO) e carbono elementar (CE) foram medidas simultaneamente no ar interior e exterior de residências localizadas em áreas urbanas e sub-urbanas da região nordeste de Portugal Continental. Os valores médios da razão entre as concentrações no ar interior e exterior (I/E) para o CO foram superiores a 1 para as residências com ocupantes, mostrando que as fontes interiores, como a confeção de alimentos, a queima de biomassa e o movimento de pessoas, influenciaram fortemente os teores de CO. Pelo contrário, obtiveram-se valores médios próximos de 1 para a razão I/E do CE, excluindo uma residência de fumadores, sugerindo que as concentrações deste componente eram controladas por fontes externas, muito provavelmente o tráfego automóvel e a queima de biomassa. A composição do aerossol foi também avaliada durante um ano num local confinante com uma estrada de tráfego intenso na cidade do Porto. Verificou-se que as principais fontes emissoras de partículas eram o tráfego automóvel, as poeiras do solo e a queima de biomassa. Muitos dos constituintes do aerossol mostraram variações temporais bem marcadas, as quais foram relacionadas com a variabilidade sazonal das fontes emissoras, dos processos atmosféricos e das condições climáticas. Procedeu-se ainda à recolha de amostras de precipitação e posterior caracterização química num local de fundo do arquipélago dos Açores e num local urbano da cidade do Porto. A principal fonte do CE nos Açores é o transporte a longas distâncias a partir das áreas continentais que envolvem o Atlântico Norte. Os teores de carbono orgânico insolúvel tiveram origem tanto em emissões locais como no transporte a longas distâncias. As concentrações de matéria carbonácea no Porto mostraram-se substancialmente superiores às que tinham sido medidas em áreas remotas de Portugal, indicando uma contaminação significativa por atividades antropogénicas.
Kovářová, Hana. "Dobudování VUT - Fakulta výtvarných umění". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227091.
Špaňhel, Jakub. "Re-identifikace vozidla pomocí rozpoznání jeho registrační značky". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264932.
Gramotnev, Galina. "Analysis of dispersion and propagation of fine and ultra fine particle aerosols from a busy road". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16338/1/Galina_Gramotnev_Thesis.pdf.
Gramotnev, Galina. "Analysis of dispersion and propagation of fine and ultra fine particle aerosols from a busy road". Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16338/.
Lehmberg, Lisa J. "Perceptions of Effective Teaching and Pre-Service Preparation for Urban Elementary General Music Classrooms: A Study of Teachers of Different Cultural Backgrounds in Various Cultural Settings". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002331.
Chen, Guang. "Approche interculturelle des rythmes : étude comparative des variations journalières et hebdomadaires des performances attentionnelles et du sommeil chez des élèves chinois et français : étude de l'incidence des lieux de vie (rural/urbain) sur la rythmicité scolaire". Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR2018.
The introduced study appears in the framework of the research concerned with the levels and variations of the attention performance of Chinese children in CP and CM2 of primary school, specifically the children of 6 to 7 and 10 to 12 years old. It aims at showing, on the one hand, in an intercultural and differential approach, the effect of the moment of daily performance and weekly performance, as well as weekly variations of sleep duration according to age, educational level and geographic background of the children. On the other hand, the impact of life place (city/ country) on the school timetables
Liu, Chung Wen, e 劉中文. "Research on the background of urban waterfront use and a pattern language". Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22041492168061133170.
王潔圭. "Analysis, Assessments and Measurements of Low Frequency Background-Magnetic-Shielding Factor in the Urban Area". Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70578201543337468118.
中原大學
電機工程學系
85
The magnetic-induction voltage of a conductor line will be reduced by the shielding effect of background environment. In this thesis, a terminology namely "background-magnetic-shielding factor" (BMSF) is defined to represent the shielding effects of background environment in the urban area, and the BMSFs of serval types of background environment in the urban area are evaluated via theoretical analysis and field measurements. Firstly, two equivalent circuit models namely, "ladder circuit model" and "distributed circuit model" are constructed for developing the computer program to simulate the induction current distributions of metal pipeline in the urban area and thus the shielding effects of metal pipeline can be calculated. Secondly, the pipeline system of various utilities in the urban area are surveyed, from which, five types of background environment in the urban area are categorized, and the BMSF of each types of background environment are simulated, respectively. Finally, the BMSFs of three positions in Taipei urban area are measured, respectively, and the measurement results of BMSF are compared with the computer simulation results, from which the value of BMSF of each type of background environment in the urban area are assessed and proposed for practical calculating induction voltage of a interested conductor line at low frequency situations.
"Effects of human capital, family background and social network on occupational mobility in contemporary urban china". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2013-05-1055.
Wang, Wei-Lin, e 王巍霖. "Estimating the effect of urban/rural background and higher education on first job wage of university graduates". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99638380120264999798.
國立臺灣大學
生物產業傳播暨發展學研究所
99
This paper uses the Taiwan Integrated Postsecondary Education Database to examine the relationships among the wage of the first job, higher education and the difference in effect between growing up in the rural environment and the urban environment. The study also explores the influence of moving experience when high school students enter in the university on the wage of the first job. Two waves of data were merged; the first wave occurred in 2003 questioning freshmen students and the second wave occurred in 2006 questioning graduate students a year after they graduated. After controlling the factors of different family socioeconomic status at the individual level, the hierarchical linear model is used to identify the impact of having a higher education and the difference in background between growing up in the rural environment and the urban environment. The major findings are as follows: A. Higher education has significant effects on first job wage, and it is more influential than the family socioeconomic status. B. The urbanization of growth region results in the difference of attaining higher education. Therefore, students from less-urbanization regions tend to enter in public schools, vocational schools and technological department. C. The urbanization of growth region has a positive impact on the first job wage, and it also has positive interaction with higher education school type. This means that the wage of urban students are higher than the wage of rural students. Additionally, students who graduate from public schools earn more money than those from private schools. The gap of wage gets larger due to urbanization. D. The moving experience from rural to urban when high students enter in the university is positive for non-urban students’ first job wage. This means that moving experience is more positive for students from less-urbanization regions.
鄭瑋隆. "Effects of Urban-Rural Divide and Personal background on Fifth and Sixth Graders’ Internet Usage Behaviors and Internet Literacy". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02541166271365918916.
國立彰化師範大學
資訊管理學系所
99
The purpose of this study was to realize the internet behavior and internet literacy of the fifth and sixth graders in elementary schools in Taichung City. And the researcher also took the subjects’ backgrounds and their internet usage behavior as independent variables to compare the differences of their internet literacy. The primary findings of the study are as follows: 1.The distributions of the internet behavior Ⅰ.Elementary school students’ internet usage years varied significantly from school area, grade, and internet facilities at home. Ⅱ.Elementary school students’ internet using days per week varied significantly from sexuality, internet facilities at home, and to parents’ attitude towards the way how kids using internet. Ⅲ.The person who accompanies elementary school students varied significantly from grade, internet facilities at home, and to parents’ attitude towards the way how kids using internet. Ⅳ.Elementary school students’ “internet using period “ and “internet using place” both varied significantly from internet facilities at home, and to parents’ attitude towards the way how kids using internet. 2. The distributions of the internet literacy Ⅰ.Elementary school students’ four dimensions of internet literacy varied significantly from school area.The students in generally area outperformed those in remote districts on internet literacy. Ⅱ.Elementary school students’ internet skills, internet safety and internet law varied significantly from grade. Ⅲ.Elementary school students’ internet skills varied significantly from internet facilities at home. Ⅳ.Elementary school students’ internet skills and internet etiquette both varied significantly from parents’ attitude towards the way how kids using internet. 3. Elementary school students’ internet skills varied significantly from internet usage years, internet using days per week, and internet using period. According to the findings and conclusions above, some suggestions are made as following. 1.It is important to improve teachers’ and parent’s level of internet literacy first. And then they can help to strengthen students’ internet information and improve students’ internet literacy. 2.The internet equipment on those remote districts are not popular, therefore researcher suggested that the remote districts schools should open the school information classroom to provide parents and students with the internet equipment. It will improve the overall internet literacy by this way.
Enthoven, Margaretha Ewdokija Maria. "The ability to bounce beyond : the contribution of the school environment to the resilence of Dutch urban middle-adolescents from a low socio-economic background". Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28037.
Thesis (PhD (Learning Supoort, Guidance and Counselling))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Educational Psychology
PhD
unrestricted
Varghese, Sheena. "Guidelines for Teaching Art to Students from Urban High-Poverty Backgrounds". 2015. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/177.
Thandrayen, Kebashni. "Fractures and bone mass in urban South African children of different ethnic backgrounds". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/15246.
Mishra, Siddhant Kamal. "A Socio-Psychological study of mentally retarded, caste and scheduled caste children from rural and urban backgrounds". Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/5673.
"Perceptions of effective teaching and pre-service preparation for urban elementary general music classrooms: A study of teachers of different cultural backgrounds in various cultural settings". UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA, 2009. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3326036.
Walker, Christopher. "Venezuela's Medical Revolution: Can the Cuban Medical Model be Applied in Other Countries?" Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/40667.