Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "URANS model"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "URANS model":
1
Guan, Lixian, e Dan Zhao. "Numerical prediction nonlinear heat-driven acoustics behaviours in standing-wave thermoacoustic engines using stress-blended Eddy simulation method". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, n. 3_supplement (1 marzo 2023): A38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018072.
Abstract (sommario):
The present work investigated a standing-wave heat-driven thermoacoustic engine (SWTAE) system by capturing its nonlinear thermoacoustic features with three-dimensional (3D) unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) and hybrid URANS/LES (large Eddy simulation) models such as detached-Eddy simulations (DES) and stress-blended Eddy simulation (SBES) models. The comparison studies show that the prediction of the acoustic power of SWTAE using URANS is about 21.0% lower than that using LES, while the results from SBES and DES are relatively in good agreement with LES. Comparative studies of nonlinear hydrodynamics in the flow fields show that the results from SBES are closer to LES than DES, which can be attributed to the SBES model providing a faster transition to an explicit LES model outside the wall boundary layer. Furthermore, the heat transfer characteristics are compared by analyzing heat leaks and transversal heat flux, and it is found that the URANS model over-estimates the heat transfer characteristics, while the results of the other three models are relatively smaller than those obtained by URANS. In conclusion, the SBES model has great potential to be applied in simulating thermoacoustic nonlinear, heat transfer and flow behaviors of heat-driven SWTAEs.
2
Giri Ajay, Adhyanth, Laurence Morgan, Yan Wu, David Bretos, Aurelio Cascales, Oscar Pires e Carlos Ferreira. "Aerodynamic model comparison for an X-shaped vertical-axis wind turbine". Wind Energy Science 9, n. 2 (27 febbraio 2024): 453–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-453-2024.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. This article presents a comparison study of different aerodynamic models for an X-shaped vertical-axis wind turbine and offers insight into the 3D aerodynamics of this rotor at fixed pitch offsets. The study compares six different numerical models: a double-multiple streamtube (DMS) model, a 2D actuator cylinder (2DAC) model, an inviscid free vortex wake model (from CACTUS), a free vortex wake model with turbulent vorticity (from QBlade), a blade-resolved unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) model, and a lattice Boltzmann method (from PowerFLOW). All models, except URANS and PowerFLOW use the same blade element characteristics other than the number of blade elements. This comparison covers the present rotor configuration for several tip-speed ratios and fixed blade pitch offsets without unsteady corrections, except for the URANS and PowerFLOW which cover a single case. The results show that DMS and 2DAC models are inaccurate – especially at highly loaded conditions, are unable to predict the downwind blade vortex interaction, and do not capture the vertical/axial induction this rotor exhibits. The vortex models are consistent with each other, and the differences when compared against the URANS and PowerFLOW mostly arise due to the unsteady and flow curvature effects. Furthermore, the influence of vertical induction is very prominent for this rotor, and this effect becomes more significant with fixed pitch offsets where the flow at the blade root is considerably altered.
3
Baungaard, M., M. P. Van Der Laan, M. Kelly e E. L. Hodgson. "Simulation of a conventionally neutral boundary layer with two-equation URANS". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2767, n. 5 (1 giugno 2024): 052013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/5/052013.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Simulating conventionally neutral boundary layers (CNBLs) with the unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) technique is investigated in this paper using a modified two-equation linear eddy viscosity turbulence model. For CNBLs over a flat and uniform surface, as typically used as the inflow to wind farm simulations, the governing equations of URANS can be solved with a one-dimensional solver, which makes the simulation of a typical CNBL five to six orders of magnitude faster than with large-eddy simulation (LES) approaches. However, URANS on the other hand requires more modelling than LES, and its accuracy is heavily dependent on the turbulence model employed. Through a cross-code study of a CNBL case with data from five different LES codes, it is found that the length-scale limiter of the employed turbulence model should be removed to correctly predict the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) height evolution and the qualitative shape of various atmospheric profiles. A parametric study of simulations with varying initial ABL height further demonstrates the prediction capabilities of URANS, although a comparison with LES data shows that modelling of turbulence anisotropy and near-surface turbulence could be improved.
4
Klimczyk, Witold, e Adam Sieradzki. "Airofil Tonal Noise Prediction Using Urans". Transactions on Aerospace Research 2023, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tar-2023-0019.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract To examine the feasibility of the laminar boundary layer (LBL), vortex shedding (VS) tonal noise modelling using unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) was investigated for the non-symmetric S834 airfoil. A transition SST turbulence model was used to model the laminar-turbulent transition and its vital influence on the laminar bubble and hydrodynamic instabilities generation. The influence of turbulence on the unsteady vortex patterns was investigated. Hence, the hybrid aeroacoustic analysis with Lighthill analogy was conducted to obtain the acoustic pressure field. The approach allowed us to model hydrodynamic instabilities and the resulting VS tonal noise. The frequency of VS matched the experimental data, giving the same 1/3 octave tonal peak only for a limited freestream turbulence regime. The simplification of the present method did not allow us to model the aeroacoustic feedback loop, and resulted in lack of instabilities for higher freestream turbulence.
5
Saha, A. K., e Sumanta Acharya. "Flow and Heat Transfer in an Internally Ribbed Duct With Rotation: An Assessment of Large Eddy Simulations and Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Simulations". Journal of Turbomachinery 127, n. 2 (7 dicembre 2004): 306–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1861917.
Abstract (sommario):
Large eddy simulations (LES) and unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulations have been performed for flow and heat transfer in a rotating ribbed duct. The ribs are oriented normal to the flow and arranged in a staggered configuration on the leading and trailing surfaces. The LES results are based on a higher-order accurate finite difference scheme with a dynamic Smagorinsky model for the subgrid stresses. The URANS procedure utilizes a two equation k-ε model for the turbulent stresses. Both Coriolis and centrifugal buoyancy effects are included in the simulations. The URANS computations have been carried out for a wide range of Reynolds number (Re=12,500-100,000), rotation number (Ro=0-0.5) and density ratio (Δρ∕ρ=0-0.5), while LES results are reported for a single Reynolds number of 12,500 without and with rotation (Ro=0.12,Δρ∕ρ=0.13). Comparison is made between the LES and URANS results, and the effects of various parameters on the flow field and surface heat transfer are explored. The LES results clearly reflect the importance of coherent structures in the flow, and the unsteady dynamics associated with these structures. The heat transfer results from both LES and URANS are found to be in reasonable agreement with measurements. LES is found to give higher heat transfer predictions (5–10% higher) than URANS. The Nusselt number ratio (Nu∕Nu0) is found to decrease with increasing Reynolds number on all walls, while they increase with the density ratio along the leading and trailing walls. The Nusselt number ratio on the trailing and sidewalls also increases with rotation. However, the leading wall Nusselt number ratio shows an initial decrease with rotation (till Ro=0.12) due to the stabilizing effect of rotation on the leading wall. However, beyond Ro=0.12, the Nusselt number ratio increases with rotation due to the importance of centrifugal-buoyancy at high rotation.
6
Wu, Huajie, e Shanwen Zhang. "Flow field analysis of Ahmed model based on URANS". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1983, n. 1 (1 luglio 2021): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1983/1/012021.
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Kamalov, Bagdaulet, Sagidolla Batay, Dinmukhamed Zhangaskhanov, Yong Zhao e Eddie Yin Kwee Ng. "Arbitrary Hybrid Turbulence Modeling Approach for High-Fidelity NREL Phase VI Wind Turbine CFD Simulation". Fluids 7, n. 7 (12 luglio 2022): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7070236.
Abstract (sommario):
Today, growth in renewable energy is increasing, and wind energy is one of the key renewable energy sources which is helping to reduce carbon emissions and build a more sustainable world. Developed countries and worldwide organizations are investing in technology and industrial application development. However, extensive experiments using wind turbines are expensive, and numerical simulations are a cheaper alternative for advanced analysis of wind turbines. The aerodynamic properties of wind turbines can be analyzed and optimized using CFD tools. Currently, there is a general lack of available high-fidelity analysis for the wind turbine design community. This study aims to fill this urgent gap. In this paper, an arbitrary hybrid turbulence model (AHTM) was implemented in the open-source code OpenFOAM and compared with the traditional URANS model using the NREL Phase VI wind turbine as a benchmark case. It was found that the AHTM model gives more accurate results than the traditional URANS model. Furthermore, the results of the VLES and URANS models can be improved by improving the mesh quality for usage of higher-order schemes and taking into consideration aeroelastic properties of the wind turbine, which will pave the way for high-fidelity concurrent multidisciplinary design optimization of wind turbines.
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Gavrilov, Andrey, e Yaroslav Ignatenko. "Numerical Simulation of Taylor—Couette—Poiseuille Flow at Re = 10,000". Fluids 8, n. 10 (19 ottobre 2023): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids8100280.
Abstract (sommario):
A fully developed turbulent flow in a concentric annulus, Re =10,000, ri/ro=0.5, with an inner rotating cylinder in the velocity range N=Uω/Ub=0÷4, is studied via a large-eddy simulation. Also, for comparison, simulations by steady-state, unstatiounary RANS k-ω SST (URANS), and Elliptic Blending Model (EBM) were made. The main focus of this study is on the effect of high rotation on the mean flow, turbulence statistics, and vortex structure. Distribution of the tangential velocity and the Reynolds stress tensor change their behaviour at N>0.5∼1. With rotation increases, the production of tangential fluctuation becomes dominant over axial ones and the position of turbulent kinetic energy maximum shifts towards the wall into the buffer zone. URANS and EBM approaches show good agreement with LES in mean flow, turbulent statistics, and integral parameters. The difference in pressure loss prediction between LES and URANS does not exceed 20%, but the average difference is about 11%. The EBM approach underestimates pressure losses up to 9% and on average not more than 5%. Vortex structures are described well by URANS.
9
Ehrle, Maximilian, Andreas Waldmann, Thorsten Lutz e Ewald Krämer. "Simulation of transonic buffet with an automated zonal DES approach". CEAS Aeronautical Journal 11, n. 4 (1 settembre 2020): 1025–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13272-020-00466-7.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract A study of transonic buffet on the NASA Common Research Model at flight Reynolds numbers is presented. The ability of two different hybrid RANS/LES models as well as the URANS approach for resolving three-dimensional buffet motion was evaluated by means of spectral analysis. Automated Zonal DES and URANS simulations show similar results in terms of buffet frequency and spanwise propagation of buffet cells, whereas the Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation results indicate a strong interaction between flow separation and shock motion. The extracted characteristic frequencies which are associated with transonic buffet are located in a range of Sr = 0.2–0.65 for URANS and AZDES and are therefore in accordance with findings from related recent research. Furthermore, the simulation time series were investigated and a structure of spanwise moving buffet cells with varying convection speed and wavelength could be observed.
10
Hakim, Samhuddin. "Analisa numerik karakteristik aliran di sekitar struktur bentuk menyilang menggunakan model uRANS". Dinamika : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin 13, n. 1 (10 dicembre 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/djitm.v13i1.21645.
Abstract (sommario):
Karakteristik aerostatik penampang struktur berbentuk menyilang diteliti secara numerik menggunakan model unsteady Reynold Average Navier-Stokes (uRANS) dua dimensi dengan model turbulensi SST k-w. Sudut aliran masuk yang berbeda digunakan untuk menyelidiki fitur aliran di sekitar struktur tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tekanan dasar maksimum dicapai pada sudut serang (a) = 30 derajat di mana vortisitas negatif menggulung di belakang struktur relatif jauh dari benda. Gaya aerodinamika model dengan a= 30 derajat adalah kesepakatan yang masuk akal untuk hasil eksperimen. Frekuensi strouhal menunjukkan prediksi yang kurang tepat untuk model dengan a≥20 derajat aliran masuk dibandingkan dengan hasil eksperimen. Tekanan dasar yang paling negatif ditunjukkan pada sudut serang a =15°. Gaya aerodinamis hasil simulasi berbeda dari model tiga dimensi dari penelitian eksperimental. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa struktur dua dimensi dari model uRANS dalam penelitian ini memberikan nilai yang besar untuk fitur aliran tiga dimensi dari hasil eksperimen. Vortex street dibelakang struktur menunjukkan model single-pair (S+P) untuk semua kasus perlakuan.
Tesi sul tema "URANS model":
1
Durrani, Faisal. "Using large eddy simulation to model buoyancy-driven natural ventilation". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12488.
Abstract (sommario):
The use of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) for modelling air flows in buildings is a growing area of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Compared to traditional CFD techniques, LES provides a more detailed approach to modelling turbulence in air. This offers the potential for more accurate modelling of low energy natural ventilation which is notoriously difficult to model using traditional CFD. Currently, very little is known about the performance of LES for modelling natural ventilation, and its computational intensity makes its practical use on desk top computers prohibitive. The objective of this work was to apply LES to a variety of natural ventilation strategies and to compile guidelines for practitioners on its performance, including the trade-off between accuracy and cost.
2
Alam, Boulos. "Modélisation numérique de la turbulence et de la dispersion atmosphérique par faibles vents en milieu urbain". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. https://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2023/interne/2023UPAST179.pdf.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette thèse se situe dans le contexte de la modélisation de la dispersion atmosphérique, en particulier en présence de vents faibles. Les sources de pollution atmosphérique, souvent situées près du sol et influencées par des obstacles complexes, engendrent des concentrations élevées de polluants à proximité, ce qui se traduit par des fluctuations significatives de ces concentrations. Les vents faibles, généralement associés à des conditions atmosphériques stables, posent un défi particulier en matière de modélisation de la dispersion des polluants, nécessitant une analyse approfondie des donnéesmétéorologiques et une adaptation des modèles de prédiction. Afin de relever ce défi complexe, l'utilisation de la Dynamique des Fluides Numérique (CFD) est incontournable, même si des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour valider son efficacité dans le champ proche des sources et en présence de vents faibles. Le logiciel Code_Saturne® (EDF R&D) est sélectionné en raison de sonefficacité avérée dans la simulation de la dispersion de polluants atmosphériques. Cette thèse se décompose en trois phases distinctes : la première phase se concentre sur les fondements de la dispersion atmosphérique, en explorant l'impact de différents paramètres tels que la structure de la couche limite atmosphérique, la turbulence atmosphérique et la stabilité de l'atmosphère. Ces éléments jouent un rôle crucial dans la manière dont les polluants se dispersent dans l'air. La deuxièmephase détaille la méthodologie utilisée dans Code_Saturne pour effectuer les simulations, notamment les modèles de turbulence utilisés et les critères d'évaluation de ces modèles. En plus des modèles isotropes classiques, cette recherche se penche sur l'utilisation de modèles de turbulence anisotropes pour étudier la dispersion dans divers contextes. La troisième phase de la thèse se concentre sur l'évaluation de différents modèles de turbulence et de corrélations vitesse-scalaire à l'aide d'observations effectuées en milieu urbain dans des conditions atmosphériques neutres et stables.Enfin, la dernière phase de la recherche explore les conditions de vent faible et stable, caractérisées généralement par des vitesses de vent inférieures à 2 m/s et des variations aléatoires du vent. Cette phase examine les méandres dans la dispersion des polluants et évalue les limites des modèles analytiques et CFD pour prédire la concentration dans de telles condi- tions. À cet effet, un modèle URANS est développé et évalué. Enfin, une méthode gaussienne segmentée est élaborée pour comparer les résultats aux prédictions CFD et aux observations sur le terrainThis thesis is situated in the context of atmospheric dispersion modeling, particularly in the presence of low winds. Atmospheric pollution sources, often located near the ground and influenced by complex obstacles, generate high concentrations of pollutants nearby, resulting in significant concentration fluctuations. Low winds, typically associated with stable atmospheric conditions, pose a specific challenge in modeling pollutant dispersion, requiring a thorough analysis of meteorological data and adaptation of prediction models. To address this complex challenge, the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is necessary, although further research is needed to validate its effectiveness in the near-field and in the presence of low winds. The Code_Saturne® software (EDF R&D) is selected due to its proven efficiency in simulating atmospheric pollutant dispersion. This thesis is divided into three distinct phases : the first phase focuses on the fundamentals of atmospheric dispersion, exploring the impact of various parameters such as the atmospheric boundary layer structure, atmospheric turbulence, and atmospheric stability. These elements play a crucial role in how pollutants disperse in the air. The second phase details the methodology used in Code_Saturne for conducting simulations, including the turbulence models employed and the criteria for evaluating these models. In addition to traditional isotropic models, this research investigates the use of anisotropic turbulence models to study dispersion in various contexts. The third phase of the thesis concentrates on the evaluation of different turbulence models and velocity-scalar correlations using observations conducted in urban environments under neutral and stable atmospheric conditions. Finally, the last phase of the research explores conditions of low and stable winds, typically characterized by wind speeds below 2 m/s and random wind variations. This phase examines the meandering patterns in pollutant dispersion and assesses the limitations of analytical and CFD models in predicting concentration in such conditions. To this end, a URANS model is developed and evaluated. Ultimately, a segmented Gaussian method is devised to compare the results with CFD predictions and field observations
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Charrière, Boris. "Modélisation et simulation d'écoulements turbulents cavitants avec un modèle de transport de taux de vide". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI108/document.
Abstract (sommario):
La simulation numérique des écoulements turbulents cavitants revêt de nombreuses difficultés tant dans la modélisation des phénomènes physiques que dans le développement de méthodes numériques robustes. En effet de tels écoulements sont caractérisés par un changement de phase associé à des gradients de la masse volumique, des variations du nombre de Mach causées par une chute de la vitesse du son, des zones de turbulence diphasique et la présence d'instationnarités.Les travaux de la présente thèse s'inscrivent dans la continuité des études expérimentales et numériques menées au sein du Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels (LEGI),qui visent à améliorer la compréhension et la modélisation d'écoulements cavitants. Les simulations s'appuient sur un code compressible associé à une technique de pré-contionnement bas-Mach qui permet de traiter les zones incompressibles. Les écoulements diphasiques sont reproduits à l'aide d'un modèle de mélange homogène 1-fluide avec discrétisation implicite en pas de temps dual. Enfin la résolution adopte l'approche moyennée RANS qui couple le système des équations de conservation avec des modèles de turbulence du premier ordre basés sur la notion de viscosité turbulente.Dans les zones diphasiques, le calcul des variables thermodynamiques nécessite l'introduction d'équations d'état. La pression au sein du mélange est ainsi reliée aux grandeurs conservatives soit à partir d'une équation d'état de mélange des gaz raides, soit par une relation sinusoïdale incorporant la fraction volumique de vapeur (le taux de vide). La valeur ajoutée de ces travaux de thèse repose sur l'introduction d'une équation de transport pour le calcul du taux de vide. Celle-ci incorpore un terme source dont le transfert de masse entre les phases est fermé grâce à une hypothèse de proportionnalité à la divergence du champ de vitesse. Outre l'amélioration des phénomènes de convection, de dilatation et de collapse, cette équation supplémentaire permet de relaxer l'équilibre thermodynamique local et d'introduire un état métastable pour la phase vapeur.Les simulations 2D et 3D sont réalisées sur des géométries de type Venturi caractérisées par le développement de poches de cavitation partielle instables. L'objectif consiste à reproduire les instationnarités inhérentes à chaque profil telles que la formation d'un jet rentrant liquide à proximité de la paroi ou la production de nuages de vapeur convectés par l'écoulement principal.Les résultats numériques mettent en avant une variation de la fréquence des instationnarités en fonction du calcul de la vitesse du son en zone de mélange. D'autre part, la prise en compte de déséquilibre de la phase vapeur amplifie les phénomènes de propagation d'ondes de pression générées par le collapse des structures cavitantes et participe à la déstabilisation de la poche. Enfin, l'influence de l'équation de transport de taux de vide est analysée en confrontant les résultats des simulations à ceux obtenus ultérieurement à partir d'un modèle à seulement trois équations de conservationThe computation of turbulent cavitating flows involves many difficulties both in modeling the physical phenomena and in the development of robust numerical methods. Indeed such flows are characterized by phase transitions and large density gradients, Mach number variation due to speed of sound decrease, two-phase turbulent areas and unsteadiness.This thesis follows experimental and numerical studies led at the Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels which aim to improve the understanding and modeling of cavitating flows. Simulations are based on a compressible code coupled with a pre-conditionning technique which handles low-Mach number areas. The two-phase flows are reproduced using a one-fluid homogeneous model and temporal discretisation is performed using an implicit dual-time stepping method . The resolution is based on the RANS approach that couples conservation equations with firts-order closure models to compute eddy viscosity.In two-phase flows areas, the computation of thermodynamic quantities requires to close the system with equations of state (EOS). Thus, two formulations are investigated to determine the pressure in the mixture. The stiffened gas EOS is written with conservative quantities while a sinusoidal law deduces the pressure from the volume fraction of vapor (the void fraction). The present study improves the homogeneous equilibrium models by including a transport equation for the void ratio. The mass transfer between phases is assumed to be proportional to the divergence of the velocity. In addition to a better modeling of convection, expansion and collapse phenomenon, this added transport equation allows to relax the local thermodynamic equilibrium and to introduce a mestastable state to the vapor phase.2D and 3D simulations are performed on Venturi type geometries characterized by the development of unstable partial cavitation pockets. The goal is to reproduce unsteadiness linked to each profile such as the formation of a re-entrant jet or the quasi-periodic vapor clouds shedding. Numerical results highlight frequency variations of unsteadiness depending on the speed of sound computation. Moreover, the simulation conducted with a relaxed vapor density increase the pressure wave propagation magnitude generated by the collapse of cavitating structures. It contributes to the destabilization of the pocket. Finally, the role of the void ratio equation is analyzed by comparing the simulation results to those obtained subsequently from a model involving only three conservation equations
4
Paillard, Benoît. "Simulation numérique et optimisation d'une hydrolienne à axe transverse avec contrôle actif de l'angle de calage". Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2069.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le contexte de la simulation d’efforts et d’écoulement dynamiques autour d’un profil en mouvement complexe dans un écoulement uniforme : la combinaison d’une rotation autour d’un axe distant et d’un tangage classique autour du quart de corde. Elle vise à mettre en place des méthodes de simulation simples de dimensionnement et de prédiction de performance d’une turbine Darrieus à contrôle actif de pas ; elle vise également à proposer une méthode de calcul permettant la simulation de l’écoulement et l’optimisation de ce type de turbine dont les pales ont leur calage qui varie cycliquement. Elle trouve son application dans l’étude et le développement des énergies marines renouvelables, et plus particulièrement des machine d’extraction d’énergie cinétique de courants de marée ou fluvial à axe transverse. L’objectif est de construire des outils de simulation permettant une étude approfondie des possibilités des systèmes à axe transverse avec variation cyclique active de pas. Pour répondre à cela deux stratégies de modélisation ont été suivies. D’une part l’adaptation du pas variable à une méthode énergétique couplée à différents modèles de prédiction des efforts instationnaires sur un profil; et d’autre part une simulation URANS avec maillage tournant/déformant pour prendre en compte cette variation de pas. La variation d’angle de calage a permis d’obtenir me augmentation de performance maximal de 52%. L’essai des différents modèles fluides disponibles a mis en évidence l’efficacité du modèle turbulent. Le modèle de transition, pourtant prometteur et semblant plus adapté aux cas d’application considérés, s’est révélé peu performant, mais aucune investigation supplémentaire n’a été effectuée. La comparaison avec l’expérience dans le cas turbulent avec modèle de turbulence kw - SST s’est révélée encourageante, notamment pour les rapports de vitesse périphériques opérationnels, autour de ʎ = 5. Pour les ʎ plus faibles les résultats sont en moyenne similaires mais le modèle peine à reproduire les variations aux fréquences naturelles du décrochage, dues aux lâchers tourbillonnaires. La continuité de cette étude réside d’une part dans l’étude d’autres lois de calage, et d’autre part dans l’application à un système concret pour pouvoir aboutir à des systèmes transverses plus efficaceThis work describes the numerical simulation of an acti4e variable pitch Darrieus turbine with two methods, one of which is derived from momentum theory and ONERA-EDLIN unsteady model, and the other is 0Ff). Though almost no Darrieus turbine produced electrical power from wind since early 90s, a renewed interest arose from the development of water turbines because most drawbacks which prevented this system from becoming a major wind turbine system do not exist in water. For this reason many publications tackling various issues in water crossflow turbines were written in the past few years. Dynamic and static stall characteristics of an airfoil have a very strong influence on the turbine performance. Considering how the vortex method could not predict it accurately, and the complexity of a CFD simulation in an optimisation process, the ONERA-EDLIN model is a very interesting compromise. On top of that, it has the ability to model any special kinematics and not just only pitch; it can predict installed dynamic behavior based on a potential formulation; and it can calculate dynamic stall for the moments, which is interesting in the case of variable pitch. An URANS method was then used, using the solver ANSYS-CFX. The spatial and temporal discretization have been studied to be used in future simulations. Blades’ motion was obtained through mesh deformation for pitch modification, and the main rotation was implemented through global rotation of a circular mesh domain, with general grid interface model at its boundaries. The following turbulence models were used laminar, kw - SST. And Langtry Menter transition model. Five experimental cases were used to assess models’ performance. Comparison was best for kw - SST. The two others predicted early stalls, especially the laminar model. Further simulations, for other conditions and pitch function are needed and are currently being carried out. Agreement with experimental data was found to be fairly good, event though discrepancies exist in some specific cases. Agreement level could not be related to a particular operational condition. Variable pitch was implemented for a tip speed ratio of 5, aiming at performance improvement primarily. Sinusoidal functions of different orders were tested. One of them obtained a performance increase of 52%. For this regime optimal pitch variation seems to require a very slight recirculation and an incidence decrease on upwind section, and an incidence increase on downwind section. The flow deceleration through turbine was found to be a primary factor in function performance evaluation. Finally torque required to set blades into motion around their quarter chord was compared with power coefficient. Its influence was found to be close to 0, or even positive
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Grondin, Julissa. "Analyse des instabilités et de la restabilisation d'un rouet centrifuge à régime partiel". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC019.
Abstract (sommario):
Ce manuscrit présente une étude numérique des instabilités aérodynamiques dans le compresseur centrifuge Turbocel, actuellement en essais au LMFA. L’étude vise à mieux comprendre les mécanismes des instabilités tournantes et de la restabilisation à bas débit observées dans le compresseur à régime partiel. L’étude est restreinte au rouet seul sans prendre en compte les autres composants de l’étage (Roue Directrice d’Entrée et diffuseur radial), au moyen de simulations RANS et URANS d'un seul canal (conditions de périodicité aux frontières latérales), à une iso-vitesse à régime partiel. Le code utilisé est le code elsA.Les simulations RANS sont capables de reproduire la forte augmentation du taux de pression du rouet observée à bas débit en essais. D’après les simulations ce comportement résulte d’une forte augmentation du travail transmis par les pales au fluide, coïncidant avec le développement d’un écoulement de retour en tête dans l’inducteur du rouet. Celui-ci s’initie entre le bord d’attaque des pales principales et celui des pales intercalaires, peu avant le pic de la caractéristique de taux de pression du rouet. Il commence par l’inversion du fluide issu du décollement au bord d’attaque des pales principales, après sa remontée jusqu’au carter et son transport par le jeu. La zone de recirculation s’étend lorsque le débit diminue, à la fois vers le moyeu et au-delà des plans d’entrée et de sortie du rouet. Les simulations URANS permettent ensuite de caractériser l’écoulement instationnaire dans le rouet. Bien que restreintes à un unique canal, elles captent l’apparition de structures tournantes dans l’inducteur du rouet, dans la zone à pente positive de la caractéristique de taux de pression issue des calculs RANS. Dans les deux zones à pente négative en revanche les champs restent stationnaires, identiques à la solution RANS. Les structures observées diffèrent du décollement tournant dans son acceptation classique car leur propagation n'est pas due à un effet de répartition du débit d’un canal à l’autre (puisqu’il n’y a qu’un seul canal), mais à la propagation d’une structure tourbillonnaire lâchée par un décollement au bord d’attaque et convectée par l’écoulement de jeu autour de la circonférence. La comparaison avec les résultats expérimentaux montre que ces structures reflètent correctement les cellules observées en essais. Les simulations mono-canal sont en outre validées par une comparaison à une simulation 360° sur un point de fonctionnement pour lequel l’instabilité est pleinement développée. En l’absence de perturbation extérieure et sans les autres composants de l’étage, le résultat du calcul 360° reste identique au calcul mono-canal sur le temps de calcul simulé, avec autant de structures tournantes que d’aubes. Dans les calculs la présence de ces structures tournantes coïncide avec des oscillations de débit importantes dans tout le domaine. Ces oscillations sont attribuées au fait que le nombre de cellules est égal au nombre d’aubes du rouet, de manière similaire à une interaction rotor-stator entre un rotor et un stator de même nombre d’aubes. D'autre part les performances moyennes sont supérieures aux performances obtenues en RANS. Pour tenter de comprendre pourquoi, des résultats illustratifs avec le modèle analytique de pompage et de décollement tournant de Moore-Greitzer sont présentés pour un cas axial. Ce modèle prédit des performances moyennes supérieures à la caractéristique dite sous-jacente du compresseur, ce qui fournit une piste d'explication. Enfin, le modèle de Moore-Greitzer ne capte pas les oscillations de débit observées dans les calculs. Cela suggère qu'il serait intéressant d'intégrer dans le modèle un mécanisme d'interaction rotor-stator entre les cellules de décollement tournant et les aubesThis work presents a numerical investigation of the aerodynamic instabilities occurring in the centrifugal compressor Turbocel, which is currently tested at the LMFA laboratory. The study aims at better understanding the mechanisms of these instabilities, as well as the mechanisms of the restabilization which is observed in the compressor at low mass flow rates and partial regime. The computational domain is restricted to the isolated impeller without the other components of the stage (Inlet Guide Vane and radial diffuser). RANS and URANS simulations are carried out on a single channel of the impeller, with the elsA solver. RANS simulations are able to capture the strong increase in impeller pressure ratio, which is observed in the tests at low flow rate. The simulations show that this increase results from a strong rise in the work transferred to the flow by the blades. This coincides with the initiation of a reversed flow zone in the impeller inducer, in the zone between the main blades and the splitter blades leading edges. The first flow particles to reverse are those coming from a stall zone on the main blade leading edge, after they have gone up to the shroud and have been transported by the tip clearance flow. This recirculation zone extends towards both the hub and the inlet when the mass flow decreases. Secondly, URANS simulations are used to characterize the unsteady flow in the impeller. Albeit restricted to a single channel, these simulations capture the existence of rotating structures in the impeller inducer, at mass flow rates which correspond to the positively-sloped part of the pressure ratio performance curve obtained from RANS results. On the other hand, in the two negatively-sloped parts of the characteristic, the field remains steady and equal to the corresponding RANS solution. The simulated rotating structures differ from classical rotating stall because their propagation is due to a convection effect by the tip flow around the circumference, rather than a mass flow repartition between the different channels. The numerical results are then validated against experimental results, and against a full-annulus simulation as well. Without external perturbation, the results of the full-annulus and isolated channel simulations remain identical during the simulated time. In the computations the presence of such rotating instabilities coincides with mass flow rate oscillations in the whole computational domain. The latter are attributed to a mechanism of rotor-stator interaction between the blades and the stall cells, due to the fact that the number of blades and the number of stall cells are equal. Moreover, when these stall cells are observed in the simulations, the average performance of the impeller is higher than the RANS performance. Illustrative results with the analytical model of Moore-Greitzer for surge and rotating stall are presented in an axial configuration. They also result in a performance which stands above the steady, underlying characteristic of the compressor. Finally, the Moore-Greitzer model proves to be unable to capture the mass flow rate oscillations which are observed in the simulations. As an outlook, this suggests to integrate the rotor-stator interaction between the rotating stall cells and the blades in the analytical model, in order to improve the fast prediction of aerodynamic instabilities in the future
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Dominguez, Bermudez Favio Enrique. "Simulation numérique de parcs d'hydroliennes à axe vertical carénées par une approche de type cylindre actif". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI020.
Abstract (sommario):
La récupération, grâce aux hydroliennes, de l’énergie cinétique de courants marins et fluviaux constitue une source d’énergie renouvelable considérable et prédictible. La simulation fine, par une description statistique instationnaire de type URANS, de l’écoulement autour d’une hydrolienne isolée à axe vertical, bi-rotor et munie d’un carénage (hydrolienne de type HARVEST) donne accès à une estimation précise de la puissance produite. Cependant, le coût élevé de cette approche URANS la rend inadaptée à la simulation d’un parc de machines. Une analyse de la littérature conduit à retenir un modèle basse-fidélité de type Blade Element Momentum (BEM) pour décrire à moindre coût l’effet du rotor de la turbine sur l’écoulement, dans le contexte d’une description 2D (coupe horizontale). La performance de l’hydrolienne est alors prédite par un calcul RANS incluant des termes sources distribués dans un anneau rotor virtuel et conservant le maillage des parties fixes (carénage). Ces termes sources sont construits grâce à une procédure originale exploitant les conditions locales de l’écoulement en amont des cellules du rotor virtuel et le débit de l’écoulement traversant l’hydrolienne. Les coefficients hydrodynamiques utilisés pour le calcul des termes sources BEM-RANS sont construits une fois pour toutes en exploitant une série de simulations URANS préliminaires ; ils intègrent les effets du carénage et le fonctionnement de chaque rotor à une vitesse de rotation optimale (maximisant la puissance produite) grâce au système de régulation de l’hydrolienne. Le modèle BEM-RANS développé est validé par comparaison avec des simulations URANS de référence : il fournit une estimation fiable de la puissance produite (erreur de quelques % par rapport à l’approche URANS) pour un coût réduit de plusieurs ordres de grandeur. Ce modèle est appliqué à l'analyse de la puissance produite par une rangée d’hydroliennes HARVEST dans un canal pour différents facteurs de blocage et d’espacement latéral ainsi qu’à une ferme marine composée de trois hydroliennesThe capture, thanks to hydrokinetic turbines, of the kinetic energy generated by sea and river currents provides a significant and predictable source of renewable energy. The detailed simulation, using an unsteady statistical description of URANS type, of the flow around an isolated water turbine of HARVEST type (cross flow vertical axis ducted water turbine) provides an accurate estimate of the power output. However, the cost of the URANS approach is much too expensive to be applied to a farm of several turbines. A review of the literature leads to select a low-fidelity model of Blade Element Momentum (BEM) type to describe at a reduced cost the rotor effect on the flow, in a 2D context (horizontal cross-section). The turbine performance is then predicted using a steady RANS simulation including source terms distributed within a virtual rotor ring and preserving the mesh of the turbine fixed parts (duct). These source terms are derived using an original procedure which exploits both the local flow conditions upstream of the virtual rotor cells and the flow rate through the turbine. The hydrodynamic coefficients used to compute the BEM-RANS source terms are built once for all from a series of preliminary URANS simulations; they include the effects of the duct on the flow and the rotor operating at optimal rotational speed (maximizing the power output) thanks to the turbine regulation system. The BEM-RANS model is validated against reference URANS simulations: it provides a reliable prediction for the power output (within a few % of the URANS results) at a computational cost which is lowered by several orders of magnitude. This model is applied to the analysis of the power produced by a row of Vertical Axis Water Turbines in a channel for various values of the blockage ratio and lateral spacing as well as to a 3-machine sea farm
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Oliveira, Paulo Roberto de. "Modelos de urnas e loterias". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3960.
Abstract (sommario):
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Many monthly, others weekly play in lottery games ignoring the randomness of the results, believing in luck or strategies that are sold to them in books about games. This monograph aims to show some concepts of probability and statistics unexplored in high school and also day to day situations that contain mathematical concepts of probability more accessible to this level of education showing some mathematical theories applied in practice games. Concepts will be discussed here: some probability distributions, their hope and variance, as well as lottery games and their probability calculations. Probability distributions will be calculated and listed in situations created from models of urns with two colors of balls, always having green as the color whose extraction will be considered successful and the red, whose extraction will be considered a failure. Now extractions with replacement balls will be made and sometimes extractions will be done without replacing them. Also, there is the case where new balls are added to both colors or one color.
Muitos jogam mensalmente, outros semanalmente, em jogos de loterias desconhecendo a aleatoriedade dos seus resultados, acreditando na sorte ou em estratégias que lhes são vendidas em livros sobre jogos. A presente monogra a tem como objetivo mostrar alguns conceitos da Probabilidade e Estatística não explorados no Ensino Médio e também situações do dia a dia que contenham conceitos matemáticos sobre Probabilidade mais acessíveis a este nível de ensino, mostrando um pouco de teorias matemáticas aplicadas na prática de jogos. Serão conceitos aqui discutidos: algumas distribuições de probabilidade, sua esperan ça e variância, além de jogos de loterias e seus cálculos de probabilidade. As distribuições de probabilidade serão enunciadas e calculadas em situações criadas a partir de modelos de urnas com duas cores de bolas, tendo sempre o verde como a cor cuja extração será considerada sucesso e, o vermelho, cuja extração será considerada insucesso. Ora serão feitas extrações com reposições das bolas e ora serão feitas extrações sem a reposição das mesmas. Também, há o caso em que serão adicionadas novas bolas de ambas as cores ou uma cor apenas.
8
Robertson, Francis. "An experimental investigation of the drag on idealised rigid, emergent vegetation and other obstacles in turbulent free-surface flows". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-experimental-investigation-of-the-drag-on-idealised-rigid-emergent-vegetation-and-other-obstacles-in-turbulent-freesurface-flows(07165357-67da-461d-a6a2-ed4970e2cb0c).html.
Abstract (sommario):
Vegetation is commonly modelled as emergent arrays of rigid, circular cylinders. However, the drag coefficient (CD) of real stems or trunks is closer to that of cylinders with a square cross-section. In this thesis, vegetation has been idealised as square cylinders in laboratory experiments with a turbulence intensity of the order of 10% which is similar to that of typical river flows. These cylinders may also represent other obstacles such as architectural structures. This research has determined CD of an isolated cylinder and cylinder pairs as a function of position as well as the average drag coefficient (CDv) of larger arrays. A strain gauge was used to measure CD whilst CDv was computed with a momentum balance which was validated by strain gauge measurements for a regularly spaced array. The velocity and turbulence intensity surrounding a pair of cylinders arranged one behind the other with respect to mean flow (in tandem) were also measured with an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter. The isolated cylinder CD was found to be 2.11 in close agreement with other researchers. Under fixed flow conditions CD for a cylinder in a pair was found to be as low as -0.40 and as high as 3.46 depending on their relative positioning. For arrays, CDv was influenced more by the distribution of cylinders than the flow conditions over the range of conditions tested. Mean values of CDv for each array were found to be between 1.52 and 3.06. This new insight therefore suggests that CDv for vegetation in bulk may actually be much higher than the typical value of 1 which is often assumed to apply in practice. If little other information is available, a crude estimate of CDv = 2 would be reasonable for many practical applications. The validity of a 2D realizable k-epsilon turbulence model for predicting the flow around square cylinders was evaluated. The model was successful in predicting CD for an isolated cylinder. In this regard the model performed as well as Large Eddy Simulations by other authors with a significant increase in computational efficiency. However, the numerical model underestimates CD of downstream cylinders in tandem pairs and overestimates velocities in their wake. This suggests it may be necessary to expand the model to three-dimensions when attempting to simulate the flow around two or more bluff obstacles with sharp edges.
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Bedon, Gabriele. "Aero-Structural Optimization of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424493.
Abstract (sommario):
This Thesis focuses on the aero-structural simulation and optimization of Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbines.
Aerodynamic simulation tools based on different techniques are developed, improved with respect to state-of-art tools, and validated against experimental data. The main considered approaches are based on the Blade Element Momentum, Vortex, two- and three-dimensional Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models. The models are developed keeping in mind the final coupling with an optimization algorithm, therefore with particular emphasis on the computational effort and simulation robustness. A structural simulation tool based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is also developed and validated against experimental data to perform an efficient aero-structural simulation.
The validated models are coupled with an optimization algorithm under certain constraints to create an iterative loop able to produce improved designs. Different applications are considered based on the most relevant research topics and real case scenarios. The particular case of a floating Troposkien Vertical Axis Wind Turbine is analysed by improving the baseline aerodynamic design for the 5 MW rotor developed in the FP7 DeepWind project and evaluating the aerodynamic performance under rotor tilted conditions for the 1 kW demonstrator. The airfoil shape for the blade of a 500 kW H-rotor is also subjected to an optimization analysis with the aim to increase the aerodynamic production, obtaining a new geometry different from literature design. Finally, the aerodynamic and structural simulation tools are coupled to perform a complete aero-structural optimization of blade shape and chord distribution for a 500 kW Troposkien rotor. Both aerodynamic production and rotor stress are targeted in the routine and new blade shapes are found and discussed.
The Thesis results, beside the increased performance with respect to the baseline case, prove that iterative loops, obtained by coupling a fast simulation tool and an optimization algorithm, can be adopted in the design and test phase of Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbines, by providing the designer an advanced insight on the aerodynamic and structural phenomena experienced by these complex machines.Questa Tesi ha come oggetto la simulazione e l'ottimizzazione aero-strutturale di Turbine Eoliche ad Asse Verticale Darrieus. Strumenti per la simulazione aerodinamica basati su differenti tecniche sono sviluppati, migliorati rispetto allo stato dell'arte, e validati rispetto a dati sperimentali. I principali approcci considerati sono basati sui modelli Blade-Element Momentum, Vortex e Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) bi- e tri-dimensionali. I modelli sono sviluppati tenendo a mente l'accoppiamento con un algoritmo di ottimizzazione, quindi con particolare enfasi sullo sforzo computazionale e sulla robustezza della simulazione. Uno strumento di simulazione strutturale basato sulla teoria della trave di Eulero-Bernoulli è, in aggiunta, sviluppato e validato rispetto a dati sperimentali per effettuare una efficiente simulazione aero-strutturale. I modelli validati sono accoppiati con un algoritmo di ottimizzazione per la creazione di un ciclo per l'ottenimento di configurazioni migliorate. Differenti applicazioni sono considerate, basate sui temi di ricerca più rilevati e scenari reali. Il caso particolare di una Turbina Eolica ad Asse Verticale Troposkiana è stato considerato al fine di migliorare la configurazione aerodinamica di base di un rotore da 5 MW sviluppato nell'ambito del progetto FP7 DeepWind e di valutare le prestazioni aerodinamiche del dimostratore da 1 kW con rotore inclinato. La forma del profilo per la pala di un rotore ad H da 500 kW è oggetto anch'essa di un'attività di ottimizzazione finalizzata all'aumento della produzione aerodinamica, ottenendo una nuova geometria completamente differente da quelle disponibili in letterature. Infine, gli strumenti di simulazione aerodinamica e strutturale sono accoppiati per condurre una completa ottimizzazione aero-strutturale della forma della pala e della distribuzione di corda per un rotore Troposkiano da 500 kW. Sia la produzione aerodinamica che lo stato tensionale sono considerati come obiettivi e nuove forme palari sono individuate e discusse. I risultati della Tesi, oltre all'incremento di prestazioni rispetto alle geometrie di base, provano che i cicli iterativi, ottenuti tramite l'accoppiamento di un veloce strumento di simulazione e un algoritmo di ottimizzazione, possono essere adottati nella progettazione e test di Turbine Eoliche ad Asse Verticale Darrieus, fornendo al progettista un avanzato strumento di analisi dei fenomeni aerodinamici e strutturali agenti in queste complesse macchine.
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Junior, Silvio Rodrigues de Faria. "Genotipagem de poliplóides: um modelo de urnas e bolas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-08092013-214551/.
Abstract (sommario):
Desde os primórdios da agricultura e pecuária, o homem seleciona indivíduos com características desejáveis para reprodução e aumento da proporção de novos indivíduos com tais qualidades. Com o conhecimento da estrutura de DNA e o advento da engenharia genética, a identificação e caracterização de espécies e indivíduos conta com novas tecnologias para auxiliar no desenvolvimento de novas variedades de plantas e animais para diversos fins. Tais tecnologias envolvem procedimentos bioquímicos e físicos cada vez mais apurados que produzem medidas cada vez mais precisas, um exemplo disso são as técnicas que empregam a espectometria de massa para comparar polimorfismos de base única (SNPs). Nas plantas é comum a ocorrência de poliploidia, que consiste na presença de mais de dois cromossomos num mesmo grupo de homologia. A determinação do nível de ploidia é fundamental para a correta genotipagem e por consequência maior eficiência no estudo e aprimoramento genético de plantas. Neste trabalho caracterizamos o fenômeno da poliploidia com modelos probabilísticos de urnas e bolas, propondo um método eficiente e adequado de simulação, assim como uma técnica simples para inferir níveis de ploidia e classificar amostras bialélicas aproveitando características geométricas do problema. Análises de dados simulados e reais provenientes de um experimento de cana-de-açúcar foram realizadas com diferentes medidas de separação entre agrupamentos e diferentes condições experimentais. Para os dados reais, métodos gráficos descritivos evidenciam a corretude e coerência do método proposto, que pode ser generalizado para a genotipagem de locos multialélicos poliplóides. Encerramos o trabalho comparando nossos resultados com a abordagem SuperMASSA [Serang2012] que trouxe excelentes resultados ao problema. Todo código desenvolvido em linguagem R está disponibilizado com o texto.Since the beginnings of agriculture and livestock, the man selects individuals with desirable characteristics to breed and increase the proportion of new individuals with such qualities. With knowledge of the DNA structure and the advent of genetic engineering, the identification and characterization of individual species can make use of new technologies to help develop new varieties of plants and animals for many purposes. These technologies involve complex biochemical and physical procedures that produce even more accurated measures, like techniques that employ mass spectrometry to compare single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In plants it is common the occurrence of polyploidy, which is the presence of more than two chromosomes in the same group of homology. The determination of polyploidy level is essential for correct SNPs genotype calling and therefore greater efficiency in the study and genetic improvement of plants. In this work we characterize the phenomenon of poliploidy with probabilistic urns and balls models, proposing an efficient and appropriate method of simulation, as well as a simple technique to infer ploydy levels and classify biallelic samples accurately taking advantage of geometrical characteristics of the problem. Analysis of simulated and real data from an experiment of sugarcane were conducted with different measures of separation between groups and different experimental conditions. For the actual data, descriptive graphical methods show the correctness and consistency of the proposed method, which can be generalized to multi-allelic loci genotyping polyploid. We end our work comparing our results with the SuperMASSA [Serang2012] approach that brought excellent results to the problem. All code developed in language R were provided with the text.
Libri sul tema "URANS model":
1
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., a cura di. Voyager radio occultation by the Uranian rings: Structure, dynamics, and particle sizes. Standford, CA: Center for Radar Astronomy, Stanford Electronics Laboratories, Stanford University, 1990.
2
Shen, Xiuzhong. KUR teinōshuku uran shirisaido nenryō roshin no anzen kaiseki. Ōsaka-fu Sennan-gun Kumatori-chō: Kyōto Daigaku Genshiro Jikkenjo, 2010.
3
Evans, D. R. Non-dipolar magnetic field models and patterns of radio emission: Uranus and Neptune compared : final report. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.
4
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., a cura di. Non-dipolar magnetic field models and patterns of radio emission: Uranus and Neptune compared : final report. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.
5
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., a cura di. Non-dipolar magnetic field models and patterns of radio emission: Uranus and Neptune compared : final report. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.
6
Maldonado, Marta Fraile. Cuando la economía entra en las urnas: El voto económico en España, 1979-1996. Madrid: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 2005.
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J, Gierasch Peter, Leroy Stephen S e United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., a cura di. Temperature and circulation in the stratospheres of the outer planets. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.
8
Hadorn, Benjamin. Designing for Human-Machine Symbiosis Using the URANOS Model: Emerging Research and Opportunities. IGI Global, 2017.
9
Sarotte, Mary Elise. Heroic Aspirations in 1990. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691163710.003.0004.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter discusses former Secretary General Mikhail Gorbachev's challenge to his own original plan: a heroic model of multinationalism. Gorbachev dropped the restoration concept entirely and instead proposed to build a vast new edifice from the Atlantic to the Urals: the fulfillment of his desire to create a common European home of many rooms. States under this model would retain their own political orders, but cooperate via international economic and military institutions. Ironically, former East German dissident movements proposed a similar model. They wanted new construction as well, though of a more limited expanse. Their goal was the construction of an improved socialism in East Germany, with a curiously prescient kind of “property pluralism” that would allow both private property and state intervention in times of economic crisis.
10
Maldonado, Marta Fraile. Cuando La Economia Entra En Las Urnas: El Voto Economico En Espa~na, 1979-1996. Centro de Investigaciones Sociologicas, 2005.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "URANS model":
1
Nicolas, Xavier, Hua Sun e Yannick Sommerer. "Reference Solutions and URANS Model Characterization for Turbulent Forced Convection Around Heated Square Cylinders". In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 66–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65820-5_6.
2
Jacobs, Bart. "Drawing from an Urn is Isometric". In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 101–20. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57228-9_6.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractDrawing (a multiset of) coloured balls from an urn is one of the most basic models in discrete probability theory. Three modes of drawing are commonly distinguished: multinomial (draw-replace), hypergeometric (draw-delete), and Pólya (draw-add). These drawing operations are represented as maps from urns to distributions over multisets of draws. The set of urns is a metric space via the Wasserstein distance. The set of distributions over draws is also a metric space, using Wasserstein-over-Wasserstein. The main result of this paper is that the three draw operations are all isometries, that is, they preserve the Wasserstein distances.
3
Layton, W., e M. McLaughlin. "On URANS Congruity with Time Averaging: Analytical Laws Suggest Improved Models". In Mathematical Analysis With Applications, 85–108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42176-2_10.
4
Fedorova, N., L. Muravyev e A. Roublev. "Earth’s Crust Magnetization Model of the Nether-Polar and Polar Urals". In Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 173–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97670-9_20.
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Barklage, Alexander, e Rolf Radespiel. "Interaction of Wake and Propulsive Jet Flow of a Generic Space Launcher". In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 129–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_8.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract This work investigates the interaction of the afterbody flow with the propulsive jet flow on a generic space launcher equipped with two alternative nozzle concepts and different afterbody geometries. The flow phenomena are characterized by experimental measurements and numerical URANS and LES simulations. Investigations concern a configuration with a conventional truncated ideal contour nozzle and a configuration with an unconventional dual-bell nozzle. In order to attenuate the dynamic loads on the nozzle fairing, passive flow control devices at the base of the launcher main body are investigated on the configuration with TIC nozzle. The nozzle Reynolds number and the afterbody geometry are varied for the configuration with dual-bell nozzle. The results for integrated nozzles show a shift of the nozzle pressure ratio for transition from sea-level to altitude mode to significant lower levels. The afterbody geometry is varied including a reattaching and non-reattaching outer flow on the nozzle fairing. Investigations are performed at supersonic outer flow conditions with a Mach number of $$Ma_\infty =3$$. It turns out, that a reattachment of the outer flow on the nozzle fairing leads to an unstable nozzle operation.
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Samuylov, Valery, Mikhail Petrov e Tatyana Kargapoltseva. "A Model of Cluster-Modular Development of Passenger Traffic in the Urals Federal District, Russia". In VIII International Scientific Siberian Transport Forum, 1176–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37919-3_115.
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Gomez, I., M. Chavez, J. de Vicente e E. Valero. "Numerical Evaluation of URANS/Zonal-DES Models in the Acoustic Prediction of a High Reynolds Compressible Open Cavity Flow". In Progress in Hybrid RANS-LES Modelling, 291–302. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31818-4_25.
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Nesterenko, M. Yu, A. M. Tyurin, A. V. Kolomoets, V. S. Belov e V. P. Petrishchev. "Refinement of the Model of the Geological Structure of the Southern Urals According to the Peculiarities of the Distribution of the Area of Epicenters of Seismic Events (Methodological Aspect)". In Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 305–13. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25962-3_31.
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Navas-Montilla, A., C. Juez, M. J. Franca e J. Murillo. "Simulation of resonant gravity waves in shallow water flows using a depth-averaged URANS model". In River Flow 2020, 1097–103. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22619-154.
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Ahmadi Moghaddam, Hadi, Matthew Phillips, Svetlana Tkachenko e Victoria Timchenko. "Influence of Wind Incidence Angle on the Cooling of Rooftop-mounted Solar Panels". In Solar PV Panels - Recent Advances and Future Prospects [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109610.
Abstract (sommario):
The cooling of PV panels is crucial because their electrical output and lifespan are adversely affected as their operating temperature rises. Considering wind current cooling impacts on the rooftop-mounted solar panels, adopting the local climate conditions such as dominant wind patterns is recommended to the building sector so that new buildings are placed considering the local wind directions. A 3D CFD model employing the URANS approach is developed to show the impacts of wind direction on the cooling rate of a PV panel installed on the surface of a slanted roof. The radiation effect is considered using the surface-to-surface radiation model. Two free stream velocities of 2 and 5 m/s and seven wind angles between 0 and 180 degrees are modelled. The results showed an optimum incidence angle at which the panel experiences lower temperatures. At wind angles below 90 degrees where there is direct contact between the wind flow and PV surfaces, the convective cooling rate is higher which in turn decreases the PV temperature. However, at higher angles, due to the presence of walls and edges of the structure, the wind flow is redirected resulting in the formation of wind flow separation. Therefore, convective cooling degrades, and PV experiences higher temperatures.
Atti di convegni sul tema "URANS model":
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Gopalan, Harish, Peifeng Ma, Haihua Xu, Ankit Choudhary, Anis Hussain e Rajeev K. Jaiman. "Hybrid RANS-LES Formulations for Wake Interference Physics in Tandem Cylinders and Multi-Column Floaters". In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41145.
Abstract (sommario):
Accurate prediction of hydrodynamic forces on tandem bluff bodies at high Reynolds numbers is of interest in many fields of offshore engineering. The most commonly used turbulence modeling strategy for studying these flows is unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes methods (URANS) due to its speed. However, the accuracy of URANS results are problem dependent and usually poor for bluff bodies flow separation predictions. To overcome this deficiency, two different modeling methods have been considered: (i) large eddy simulation (LES) and (ii) non-linear URANS. LES are accurate and computationally feasible for low to moderate Reynolds number flows. However, the cost of LES makes it infeasible at high Reynolds numbers. On the other hand, non-linear URANS methods are fast like URANS, and its accuracy is comparable to LES for certain flows. It is usually not known in advance if the simulations using non-linear methods are accurate. Hybrid models have been proposed in the literature as an alternative to existing methods. They employ a URANS model in the near-body region and LES in the near and far wake regions. Simulations performed using hybrid models are computationally cheaper than LES and more accurate than URANS. Most hybrid models developed in the literature employ linear URANS models. The use of non-linear URANS models in the hybrid context has not received significant attention. In this study, we propose the use of a hybrid model based on a non-linear URANS model. Flow past tandem cylinders, with different spacing ratio, at sub-critical Reynolds number regime, is chosen as the test case. Simulations are also performed using URANS and linear hybrid models for comparison. It is shown that the non-linear hybrid models provides the best agreement to measurement data in the literature. Non-linear URANS models will be shown to provide acceptable prediction of hydrodynamic forces. The models are finally used to predict the current load on a generic multi-column floater.
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Kelly, Ryan T., e Aleksandar Jemcov. "Application of a Hybrid URANS/LES Turbulence Model to Turbomachinery Flows". In THMT-18. Turbulence Heat and Mass Transfer 9 Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium On Turbulence Heat and Mass Transfer. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/thmt-18.750.
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Bhushan, S., D. K. Walters, E. Merzari e A. Obabko. "Implementation and Validation of a Hybrid RANS/LES Model in the Spectral Element Solver Nek5000". In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-22055.
Abstract (sommario):
A dynamic hybrid RANS/LES (DHRL) model has been implemented in the spectral-element solver Nek5000 to reduce computational expense for high Reynolds number applications. The model couples a k-ε URANS model and the dynamic Smagorinsky model for LES. The model is validated for plane channel flow at Reτ = 590 using DNS data, and compared with LES predictions. The model is then applied for the ANL-MAX case, which is a test case relevant to nuclear reactor cooling flow simulations. For the channel flow case, DHRL predictions were similar to LES on finer grids, but on coarser grids, the former predicted velocity profiles closer to DNS than the latter in the log-layer region. The improved prediction by the DHRL model was identified to be due to a 30% additional contribution of RANS stresses. For the ANL-MAX case, the URANS simulation predicts quasi-steady flow, with dominant large-scale turbulent structures, whereas LES predicts small-scale turbulent structures comparable with results in rapid mixing of cool and warm flow jets. DHRL simulations predict LES mode in the inlet jet region, and URANS mode elsewhere, as expected.
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Elkhoury, M., J. Najem e Z. Nakad. "URANS Modeling of Three Airfoils With Different Stall Mechanisms". In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55023.
Abstract (sommario):
Capability of recently developed Menter (ME) and Modified Menter (MME) one-equation models in predicting prestall and poststall characteristics of three airfoils that exhibit different stall onset mechanisms is investigated. The Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model is also included to form a baseline against which both the ME and the MME models are assessed. The effects of subiteration, grid size, and time stepping on the predictive accuracy of the numerical scheme are addressed. However, transition effect is not accounted for and hence, all test cases are run fully turbulent. Significant differences in the flow predictions of all models are noticed in regions with massively flow separation.
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Yu, Feiyan, e Savas Yavuzkurt. "Simulation of Film Cooling Heat Transfer and Simulation Improvement With a Modified DES Turbulence Model". In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86887.
Abstract (sommario):
Modeling the heat transfer characteristics of the highly turbulent flow in gas turbine film cooling is important for better engineering solutions to the film cooling system design. URANS, LES, DES and modified DES models capability in simulating film cooling with a density ratio of 2.0 and blowing ratio of 1.0 are studied in this work. Detailed comparisons of simulation results with experimental data regarding the near-field and far-fields are made. For near field predictions, DES gives decent prediction with a 21.4 % deviation of centerline effectiveness, while LES and URANS have deviation of 33.6% and 51.2% compared to the experimental data. Despite good predictions for near field, DES under predicts the spanwise spreading of counter rotating vortex pair and temperature field, therefore it over predicts the centerline effectiveness in the far field. To compensate for this shortcoming of DES, the eddy viscosity in the spanwise direction is increased to enhance spanwise-diffusion of the cooling jets. The modified DES prediction of overall centerline effectiveness deviates 12.4% from experimental data, while LES, unmodified DES and URANS predictions deviate 10.8%, 31.9% and 46.9%. The modified DES model has adequate predictions of vortices evolutions which URANS modeling lacks and consumes significant less computational time than LES. It can be said that the modified DES model results in satisfactory film cooling modeling with a moderate computational cost and time.
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Kok, Zhen, Yuting Jin, Shuhong Chai, Shaun Denehy e Jonathan Duffy. "URANS Prediction of Berthed Ship–Passing Ship Interactions". In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61738.
Abstract (sommario):
In this paper, the unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes computational method has been employed for investigating the hydrodynamic interactions between berthed and passing ships. Initially, simulations in model-scale were performed for validating the numerical modelling technique using available benchmark experimental test cases. A formal study of verification and validation was carried out for quantifying the numerical uncertainties. Based on the validated numerical setup, systematic computations were conducted for further investigations on the influence of varying passing ship speeds and lateral separations on the interaction forces and moments. The same conditions were repeated in full scale to quantify possible scale effects. The numerical results demonstrate that the interaction forces and moments are proportional to the square of the passing ship speed and inversely proportional to the lateral separation between the two ships, which agrees well with the findings by Remery (1974) and Kriebel (1995) respectively. In addition, when comparing model and full scale results, the overall differences are not very significant and are within the simulation uncertainty for most cases.
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Ridluan, A., e A. Tokuhiro. "SRANS and URANS CFD Simulations of Turbulent VHTR Lower Plenum Flow". In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42474.
Abstract (sommario):
Time-dependent and time-independent CFD simulations of the flow through a staggered tube bundle were performed. This flow configuration partially simulates the anticipated flow in the lower plenum of a Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) design. To design a nuclear reactor with confidence, one needs strict benchmarking as part of a validation and verification exercise for any and all commercial CFD codes. Thus CFD simulations (FLUENT) of isothermal (at present), periodic flow through a tube bundle using both Steady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (SRANS) and Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations were investigated. Selected turbulence models for a single tube diameter and inlet velocity based Re-number, Re ∼ 1.8 × 104, were investigated. The first-order turbulence models were: a standard k-ε turbulence model, a Renormalized Group (RNG) k-ε model, and lastly, a Shear Stress Transport (SST) k-ε model; the second-order model was a Reynolds Stress Model (RSM). Comparison of CFD simulations against experimental results of Simonin and Barcouda was undertaken at five stations (x, y) locations. Under the SRANS, we found the ability of the models to predict the turbulence stresses (u′u′, v′v′, u′v′) generally marginal to poor. However, upon adapting a concept from Large Eddy Simulation (LES), our URANS simulation with RSM revealed a spatiotemporal, oscillating flow structures in the wake. In contrast, it appears that the URANS with (even a) RNG k-ε model is unable to simulate this flow phenomena. In fact, the data suggests that the RNG k-ε model is too spatiotemporally dissipative. Some aspects of the SRANS versus URANS and using the aforementioned turbulence models will be presented.
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Burden, Shaun, John W. Chew, Feng Gao e Olaf Marxen. "Effects of Turbine Conditions on Rim Seal Performance and Prediction". In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-83194.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Predicting the degree of hot gas ingestion into turbine disc cavities is a challenge for computational fluid dynamics due to the complex unsteady flow dynamics in turbine rim seals and sensitivity to operating condition and seal geometry. This paper reports research aimed at clarifying the effect of operating conditions on seal performance and turbulence modelling requirements. A systematic study of sealing performance for an axial rim seal is reported, comparing an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) model and wall-modelled large-eddy simulation (WMLES). The conditions considered are classed as rotation-driven ingestion, pressure-driven ingestion, and combined mechanism ingestion. WMLES and URANS results showed similar ingestion levels and seal flows within the pressure-driven regime. For the rotationally-driven condition URANS displays larger, more coherent vortical flow structures than the WMLES. The larger vortices in the URANS drive ingress into the wheel-space resulting in higher levels of ingestion than indicated by the WMLES. For the combined ingestion condition, WMLES shows higher levels of ingestion and flow unsteadiness than URANS. The present results give some explanation for the mixed results reported for the performance of URANS models in previous studies.
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Pedro, H. T. C., K. W. Leung, M. H. Kobayashi e H. R. Riggs. "Numerical Study of the Wave Impact on a Square Column Using Large Eddy Simulation". In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29729.
Abstract (sommario):
This work concerns the numerical investigation of the impact of a wave on a square column. The wave is generated by a dam break in a wave tank. Two turbulence models were used: Large Eddy Simulations (LES) and Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS). The numerical simulations were carried out using a finite volume approximation and the SIMPLE algorithm for the solution of the governing equations. Turbulence was modeled with the standard Smagorinsky-Lilly subgrid-model for the LES and the standard κ-ε model for the URANS. The results are validated against experimental data for the wave impact on a square column facing the flow. The results, especially for LES, show very good agreement between the predictions and experimental results. The overall accuracy of the LES, as expected, is superior to the URANS. However, if computational resources are limited, URANS can still provide satisfactory results for structural design.
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Volkmer, Silke, Markus Schatz, Michael Casey e Matthew Montgomery. "Prediction of Flow in an Exhaust Gas Turbine Diffuser With a Scale-Adaptive Simulation Model". In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94954.
Abstract (sommario):
The prediction of the flow in a gas turbine exhaust diffuser of a combined cycle power plant is particularly difficult as maximum performance is obtained with highly loaded diffusers, which operate close to boundary layer separation. CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations then need to cope with complex phenomena such as smooth wall separation, recirculation, reattachment, blockage and free shear layer mixing. Recent studies based on the RANS (Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes) approach demonstrate the challenge for two-equation turbulence models to predict separation and mixing of the flow correctly in such highly loaded diffusers and identify that more accurate methods are needed. Hence, the application of a hybrid Scale-Adaptive Simulation (SAS) is investigated and the CFD results are compared with experimental results from an in-house test rig. In the present study the flow in a model exhaust diffuser (for heavy-duty gas turbine diffuser applications typical Reynolds number 1.5×106 and inlet Mach number 0.6) is examined with unsteady RANS (URANS) simulations with the SST (Shear Stress Transport) model as well as a hybrid Scale-Adaptive Simulation (SAS) model. The SAS model switches from URANS to a mode similar to a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) in unsteady flow regions to resolve various scales of detached eddies. The current study shows that with the SST model similar results are obtained with RANS and URANS simulations, whereas the more complex SAS model leads to a much better resolution of the unsteady fluctuations. However, the time-averaged results of the SAS calculations overpredict the blockage of the separation and hub wake. This results in an underprediction of the pressure recovery and the mixing of the flow compared to the simpler two-equation models and also compared to experimental results.