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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 25 luglio 2024

Ultima modifica: 31 luglio 2024

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1

Glusker, Ann. "Urban Public Libraries Do Not Yet Meet Benchmarks for Web Accessibility by Individuals with Disabilities". Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 10, n. 2 (14 giugno 2015): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8pw32.

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A Review of: Maatta Smith, S. L. (2014). Web Accessibility Assessment of Urban Public Library Websites. Public Library Quarterly, 33(3), 187-204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01616846.2014.937207 Abstract Objective – To determine the extent to which urban public libraries in the United States of America provide web sites which are readily accessible to individuals with disabilities with reference to the Urban Library Council’s EDGE initiative (specifically Benchmark 11, “Technology Inclusiveness”). Design – Web site evaluation. Setting – Urban public libraries in the United States of America. Subjects – The 127 library systems, which were both members of the Urban Libraries Council at the time of the study and located in the United States of America. Methods – Using the “everyday life information seeking” conceptual framework, an assessment of each of the web sites of the purposive sample of public library systems was performed by an online evaluation tool as well as visually and physically to determine web accessibility and, by extension, technology inclusiveness. Main Results – The results of the online accessibility evaluation tool revealed that not one of the sites surveyed was free of errors or alerts. Contrast errors (related to color combinations), missing alternative text (providing text alternatives for visual elements), and missing form labels (thereby preventing screen readers from performing searches and navigating to results) were the most common problems. Results of visual and physical scans revealed that many sites lacked specific links and/or resources for persons with disabilities, as well as noting that the resources available used oblique language and required many clicks to access. In addition, the vast majority neglected to feature links to national resources such as the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. Conclusions – The web sites of urban public libraries are not yet completely accessible for persons with disabilities. At the very least they need coding fixes and ongoing maintenance to address the kinds of issues found by the online web evaluation tool used. In addition, resources for disabled persons should be prominently and clearly linked and promoted. Further research is called for, both in non-urban library systems and in testing a wider range of access technologies. Improvement efforts should acknowledge that web design that improves access for persons with disabilities serves the broader community as well.

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Finck, Nathalia Silveira, Juliana da Mota Paiva, Rafael Dario Werneck, Mariana Itaborai Moreira Freitas e Priscilla Santos Guimarães. "Próteses parciais fixas metal free em região posterior – revisão da literatura considerando a longevidade, material cerâmico usado e principais falhas". Full Dentistry in Science 12, n. 47 (2021): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24077/2021;1247113125.

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This study aimed to present a literature review with data obtained in vitro and in vivo on metal free partial fixed protheses (PFP) in the posterior region, considering the following variables: ceramic material to be used; prosthesis extension; survival or longevity; main failures found, and comparison with the longevity of conventional metaloceramic PFP. A bibliographical survey was carried out using the databases: United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (Sciello) for articles in English and Portuguese from 1998 to 2019. Articles should meet the inclusion criteria, which were articles that contained information that enabled the calculation of PFPs survival and success, articles with a minimum observation period of 3 years, articles that identified the reason of failures, and studies reported since 1998. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated comparatively. The survival rate of the PFP’s varies depending on the ceramic material used and the prostheses extension, no significant difference was observed in the relation between the ceramic material used and the connectors size; however, the greater the extension of the prosthesis, the higher must be the connector size. It was concluded that ceramic materials based on zirconia are the ones that have the longest survival. In addition, the main reasons that lead to decreased survival of PFP’s are secondary caries and connector fracture, however, more studies are needed to determine safely which materials and the extent of PFP’s are the most indicated.

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Wright, D. G., R. Feistel, J. H. Reissmann, K. Miyagawa, D. R. Jackett, W. Wagner, U. Overhoff, C. Guder, A. Feistel e G. M. Marion. "Numerical implementation and oceanographic application of the thermodynamic potentials of liquid water, water vapour, ice, seawater and humid air – Part 2: The library routines". Ocean Science 6, n. 3 (16 luglio 2010): 695–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-6-695-2010.

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Abstract. The SCOR/IAPSO1 Working Group 127 on Thermodynamics and Equation of State of Seawater has prepared recommendations for new methods and algorithms for numerical estimation of the the thermophysical properties of seawater. As an outcome of this work, a new International Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater (TEOS–10) was endorsed by IOC/UNESCO2 in June 2009 as the official replacement and extension of the 1980 International Equation of State, EOS-80. As part of this new standard a source code package has been prepared that is now made freely available to users via the World Wide Web. This package includes two libraries referred to as the SIA (Sea-Ice-Air) library and the GSW (Gibbs SeaWater) library. Information on the GSW library may be found on the TEOS-10 web site (http://www.TEOS-10.org). This publication provides an introduction to the SIA library which contains routines to calculate various thermodynamic properties as discussed in the companion paper. The SIA library is very comprehensive, including routines to deal with fluid water, ice, seawater and humid air as well as equilibrium states involving various combinations of these, with equivalent code developed in different languages. The code is hierachically structured in modules that support (i) almost unlimited extension with respect to additional properties or relations, (ii) an extraction of self-contained sub-libraries, (iii) separate updating of the empirical thermodynamic potentials, and (iv) code verification on different platforms and between different languages. Error trapping is implemented to identify when one or more of the primary routines are accessed significantly beyond their established range of validity. The initial version of the SIA library is available in Visual Basic and FORTRAN as a supplement to this publication and updates will be maintained on the TEOS-10 web site. 1SCOR/IAPSO: Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research/International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans 2IOC/UNESCO: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission/United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

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Wright, D. G., R. Feistel, J. H. Reissmann, K. Miyagawa, D. R. Jackett, W. Wagner, U. Overhoff, C. Guder, A. Feistel e G. M. Marion. "Numerical implementation and oceanographic application of the thermodynamic potentials of water, vapour, ice, seawater and air – Part 2: The library routines". Ocean Science Discussions 7, n. 2 (15 marzo 2010): 649–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-7-649-2010.

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Abstract. The SCOR/IAPSO1 Working Group 127 on Thermodynamics and Equation of State of Seawater has prepared recommendations for new methods and algorithms for numerical estimation of the thermophysical properties of seawater. As an outcome of this work, a new International Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater (TEOS-10) was endorsed by IOC/UNESCO2 in June 2009 as the official replacement and extension of the 1980 International Equation of State, EOS-80. As part of this new standard a source code package has been prepared that is now made freely available to users via the World Wide Web. This package includes two libraries referred to as the SIA (Sea-Ice-Air) library and the GSW (Gibbs SeaWater) library. Information on the GSW library may be found on the TEOS-10 web site (http://www.TEOS-10.org). This publication provides an introduction to the SIA library which contains routines to calculate various thermodynamic properties as discussed in the companion paper. The SIA library is very comprehensive, including routines to deal with fluid water, ice, seawater and humid air as well as equilibrium states involving various combinations of these, with equivalent code developed in different languages. The code is hierachically structured in modules that support (i) almost unlimited extension with respect to additional properties or relations, (ii) an extraction of self-contained sub-libraries, (iii) separate updating of the empirical thermodynamic potentials, and (iv) code verification on different platforms and between different languages. Error trapping is implemented to identify when one or more of the primary routines are accessed significantly beyond their established range of validity. The initial version of the SIA library is available in Visual Basic and FORTRAN as a supplement to this publication and updates will be maintained on the TEOS-10 web site. 1 SCOR/IAPSO: Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research/International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans 2 IOC/UNESCO: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission/United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

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Acquadro, Alberto, Ezio Portis, David Lee, Paolo Donini e Sergio Lanteri. "Development and characterization of microsatellite markers in Cynara cardunculus L." Genome 48, n. 2 (1 aprile 2005): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g04-111.

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Cynara cardunculus L. is a species native to the Mediterranean basin that comprises 2 crops, globe artichoke (var. scolymus L.) and cultivated cardoon (var. altilis DC), as well as wild cardoon (var. sylvestris (Lamk) Fiori). Globe artichoke represents an important component of the South European agricultural economy but is also cultivated in North Africa, the Near East, South America, the United States, and China. Breeding activities and molecular marker studies have been, to date, extremely limited. Better knowledge of the genome of the species might be gained by developing a range of molecular markers. Here, we report on the development of 14 microsatellites (simple sequence repeats (SSRs)) through a novel approach that we have defined as the microsatellite amplified library (MAL). The approach represents a combination of amplified fragment length polymorphism and a primer extension based enriched library, is rapid, and requires no hybridization enrichment steps. The technique provided a ~40-fold increase in the efficiency of SSR identification compared with conventional library procedures. The developed SSRs were applied for genotyping 36 accessions of C. cardunculus, including a core of 27 varietal types of globe artichoke, 3 accessions of cultivated cardoon, and 6 Sicilian accessions of wild cardoon. Principal coordinates analysis made it possible to differentiate both cultivated and wild forms from each other.Key words: globe artichoke, wild and cultivated cardoon, molecular markers, AFLP, MAL (microsatellite amplified library).

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Campos, Ana Cristina Espíndola, Arthur Treuherz, Renato Toshiyuki Murasaki, Diego Gonzalez e Oscar J. Mújica. "New Health Sciences Descriptors to classify and retrieve information on equity". Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 45 (1 luglio 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2021.78.

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The Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) vocabulary establishes a unique and common language that allows the organization and facilitates the search and retrieval of technical and scientific literature on health available in the information sources of the Virtual Health Library. The DeCS, created by the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (BIREME), a specialized center of the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO), is the translation and extension of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) vocabulary, maintained by the United States National Library of Medicine. BIREME, in coordination with experts from Latin America and the Caribbean, has included in the DeCS the topics of equity, gender, ethnicity and human rights—cross-cutting themes in the programmatic framework of PAHO/WHO technical cooperation—to ensure better retrieval and use of scientific information and evidence related to these topics. The objective of this article is to describe the methodology used during the terminology review of the DeCS and to report the results obtained and the impacts of the terminology expansion in the field of equity, which included the inclusion of 35 new descriptors.

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Catts, Ralph. "Indicators of adult information literacy". Journal of Information Literacy 6, n. 2 (18 novembre 2012): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.11645/6.2.1746.

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Information literacy (IL), defined as the capacity to locate, evaluate and use information to create new knowledge, is a core adult life skill and an extension of the notion of functional literacy. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has identified information literacy as an essential capacity for participation in the knowledge economy and has included this construct as a strategic priority in the Information for All Programme (IFAP).To support this initiative UNESCO has commissioned research to consider whether a household survey could be used to identify the extent to which people in member states are information literate in all aspects of their life, including work and lifelong learning, and in relation to their personal well-being, and in their participation in civil society. United Nations agencies use surveys to provide indications of the extent to which various agreed objectives are being achieved. These include international surveys of education and of health and well-being.This paper reports on an investigation aimed at determining whether indicators of IL could be identified by secondary analysis of existing data collected in other household surveys.It was concluded that IL has unique elements that are not encompassed in the surveys that were examined.

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Walker, Clara, Tahmina Begum, Jacqueline A. Boyle, James Ward e Federica Barzi. "Preconception Health of Indigenous Peoples in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States: A Scoping Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, n. 3 (14 marzo 2024): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21030345.

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Background: There is increasing recognition of the importance of the preconception period for addressing reproductive and intergenerational health inequities and supporting improved maternal and child health outcomes. This study aimed to understand the extent and type of evidence that exists in relation to preconception health for Indigenous peoples living in high-income countries with similar experiences of colonisation, namely, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States. Methods: This review was conducted as per the JBI methodology and PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. A comprehensive search of PubMed, CINAHL [EBSCO], Ovid Embase, Scopus, and the Wiley Cochrane Library was conducted using keywords and index terms. We included research in English published between January 2010 and June 2023 on quantitative and qualitative primary studies. Data were extracted using a standardised tool, and the analysis included quantitative descriptions and qualitative content analysis. Results: We identified 360 potential studies and included 57 articles in the review. Most studies were from the United States (n = 36, 63.2%) and Australia (n = 13, 22.8%), and they commonly reported associations between preconception health risk factors and maternal or child health outcomes (n = 27, 48.2%) or described the development, implementation, or evaluation of preconception health interventions (n = 26, 46.4%). Common preconception health areas were pre-pregnancy body mass index or weight (n = 34), alcohol (n = 16), diet (n = 14), physical activity (n = 12), and diabetes (n = 11). Most studies focused exclusively on women (n = 46, 80.7%), and very few included men (n = 3, 5.3%). The study populations were mostly urban and rural (n = 25, 43.9%) or rural only (n = 14, 24.6%); however, the geographical remoteness was often unclear (n = 14, 24.6%). Conclusions: While there was some research relating to the preconception health of Indigenous peoples, this review identified considerable research gaps. There is a need for dedicated research into preconception health risk factors and reproductive health outcomes, attitudes and awareness of preconception health, and preconception health interventions for Indigenous peoples.

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Howlett, Moninne, Michael Curtin, Dermot Doherty, Paula Gleeson, Michelle Sheerin e Cormac Breatnach. "PAEDIATRIC STANDARDISED CONCENTRATION INFUSIONS – A NATIONAL SOLUTION". Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, n. 9 (17 agosto 2016): e2.71-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2016-311535.73.

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AimWide scale implementation of paediatric standardised concentration infusions (SCIs) and the use of smart pump technology has been slow despite international safety agency recommendations. Implementation rates in European hospitals fall far below those in the United States, where for the last decade accreditation has been linked to implementation.1 2 Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential, with pharmacy input and the creation of a smart pump drug library recognised as often being limiting, yet crucial factors, to implementation.3 Following on from the successful development and implementation of a paediatric drug library of standardised concentrations in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU), operating theatres and cardiac ward of a large tertiary children's hospital, a project was set up to further develop this library for use across multiple sites including paediatric acute transport services.MethodPost-implementation of the original SCI drug library in the single site paediatric hospital in 2012, a database was created to record proposals for amendments and expansion of that library. A cross-site multidisciplinary collaborative working group was established with representation from PICU pharmacists, intensivists, nursing and clinical engineering to progress multisite adoption of a standardised drug library. Differences in practices across sites were identified and resolved by consensus where possible. Unresolved differences were overcome by omission or ‘hiding’ of particular drug lines at individual sites until consensus could be reached for future updates. Legally binding agreements were drawn up between sites, in conjunction with the infusion pump vendors, to prevent any future deviations from the master library.ResultsCross-site collaboration over a number of months facilitated the successful amendment and extension of the original drug library to create a new master drug file. Individual site versions of this library, and the supporting documentation were created and disseminated. A change control management plan was developed and agreed upon.ConclusionCross-site collaboration is achievable in supporting the increased implementation of standardised concentration infusions. The standardisation of practices across sites maximises both human and financial resources, and has the potential to reduce medications errors as both patients and medical staff transfer across sites.

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Bomhold, Catharine. "Cummings, Merrill, and Borrelli’s Inquiry into Small Screen Use by Academic Library Users: Timing is Everything". Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 13, n. 1 (30 gennaio 2018): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29338.

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A Review of: Cummings, J., Merrill, A., & Borrelli, S. (2010). The use of handheld mobile devices: Their impact and implications for library services. Library Hi Tech, (28)1, 22-40. https://doi.org/10.1108/07378831011026670 Abstract Objective – The authors undertook this study to understand the relatively new phenomenon of handheld computing and the use of small-screen devices among academic library users. They sought to determine if users would be inclined to search the online library catalogue on their devices and, by extension, if there would be a growing demand for small-screen compatible library services. Design – Online and paper surveys were used with both closed and open questions. Respondents included students, faculty, and staff at Washington State University (WSU). Setting – Washington State University Library, Pullman, Washington, United States of America. Subjects – The survey was open to any user of the Washington State University (Pullman) Library. The 206 respondents included 126 (61.2%) undergraduates, 26 (12.6%) graduate or professional students, 32 (15.3%) WSU employees, and 15 (7.3%) faculty members. Methods – A survey was distributed both online and on paper. The online version used Surveymonkey.com and participation was solicited through various social media. It was open for three months during the Spring semester, 2007. The paper version was distributed to all library users on two days in June 2007. Eighty-four online and 122 paper responses were received. Main Results – Most of the respondents (58.4%) who owned a personal digital assistant (PDA) or Web-enabled cell phone (WECP) indicated that they would search the library catalogue on a small-screen device. Responses to the open question “How would you use the OPAC [online public access catalogue] if it was available on a PDA or WECP?” were mixed, both positive and negative. The positive responders noted the possible time savings associated with the availability of more information on their devices. The negative responders noted the cost of data, the annoyance of public phone use, and the complex format of the current catalogue that would not transfer to a small screen. Conclusion – The authors cited the growing usage trends in handheld devices, along with the willingness of current owners to use their devices, to predict an increase in usage of small screen searching. They speculated that further research should investigate how small screens would be used and what would that experience look like, rather than if patrons would use them.

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Conway, Paul, e Robert B. Markum. "Performers First: Gift Exchange and Digital Access to Live Folk Music Archives". American Archivist 82, n. 2 (settembre 2019): 566–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17723/aarc-82-02-08.

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Archives commonly hold full, unedited, and unpublished recordings of live musical performances, particularly those archives that focus their collecting on local communities. Much of this content resides on deteriorating magnetic tape with highly restrictive intellectual property constraints that threaten its digital future. This article explores a possible resolution of this dilemma of preservation and access by giving preference to the perspectives and prerogatives of the musical artists represented on live folk music recordings. The article characterizes The Ark in Ann Arbor and the at-risk recordings made at this nationally recognized coffeehouse between 1969 and 1980 in the context of the late-era folk revival scene in the United States and the challenges that copyright restrictions pose for making digitized copies available to contemporary audiences. The authors present and discuss the findings of innovative memory triggering interviews with folk music performers that point toward a way to extend into the realm of digital surrogates a philosophy of the gift exchange cycle. The article argues that archives could embrace asynchronous digital streaming as an extension of the well-established folk process that is so central to the intimacy of the coffeehouse and sidestep if not completely mitigate the barriers imposed by today's intellectual property framework.

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Oloruntoba, Ajare Emmanuel, Adefabi Adekunle e Olorunpomi Temitope Olubunmi. "Detecting Change in a Volatile Curve United State Stock Market (US SM) with the Use of Automated Decomposition for Time Series Components". Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science 17, n. 5 (6 marzo 2024): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajrcos/2024/v17i5440.

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The main reason for this investigation is to use manual process of identification of time series components with two types of automated decomposition for time series known as automated BFTSC (break for time series components) and, automated GFTSC (Group for time series components) in detecting change in a volatile curve united states stock market (US SM). In identification of components of time series present in the seasonal data of US stock market. The data US Stock Market was a monthly data from January 2001 until December 2018 and a total of 18 years. The stock market of US is also available as a secondary data at the DataBank of University Utara Malaysia Library. The weaknesses of BFAST were corrected by the extension of BFAST to BFTSC and GFTSC. Both were created to capture the cyclical and irregular components that were not captured by BFAST technique and it was included in the methodology of this study. BFTSC and GFTSC were considered to provide a combined image of all the four components of time series while GFTSC had additional advantage of providing equations to the components automated. Evaluation using simulation data and empirical data vindicated the accuracy of BFTSC and GFTSC based on linear trend less volatile data. They are effective and better than BFAST because it was able to identify 100% of the data with the basic four time series components monthly. Both techniques detects 99 % of the entire components in the time series data in a linear trend data.

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Salomon, Flavia, Eliete Simabuku, Jose Beutel, Eduardo De Oliveira, Roberta Rabelo, Clarice Petramale, Artur Felipe de Brito e Kathiaja Miranda Souza. "PD65 The Acquisition Of Eculizumab By Judicial Proceeding In Brazil". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318003264.

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Introduction:Eculizumab is a monoclonal antibody indicated for the treatment of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) or with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). In Brazil in recent years eculizumab was the most expensive drug requested through court orders, obliging public health managers to import it from the USA. From 2012 to 2016, approximately BRL 424 million (USD 112 million) was spent on eculizumab. The purpose of this study was to assess the regulatory situation and the scientific evidence on the safety and efficacy of eculizumab.Methods:A literature search was conducted in PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination databases on September 2017. The websites of regulatory agencies were also searched.Results:In 2007, the use of eculizumab was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. In Brazil, despite the provision of eculizumab through judicial proceedings since 2009, the manufacturer of eculizumab only requested a licence for it in 2017, after several meetings with the government when the company agreed to provide the drug at approximately half the price of the imported product. The efficacy of eculizumab in PNH patients was assessed in one randomized, placebo controlled study, one single arm study, and one long-term extension study. The drug reduced hemolysis and the need for transfusion, although the studies had methodological problems. The efficacy of eculizumab in the treatment of aHUS was assessed in four prospective, controlled open-label studies, two long-term extension studies, and one retrospective study. Eculizumab normalized platelet counts and reduced the need for plasmapheresis, although the studies had no control group. Eculizumab was well tolerated, with no meningococcal infections occurring after patients were immunized.Conclusions:Some companies have no interest in licensing their products in Brazil because their provision by judicial proceedings is more lucrative. This situation promotes litigation and irrational prescription of drugs, and also obligates the Brazilian government to import expensive health products.

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Bravo, Luisa, e Mirko Guaralda. "Our commitment to implement contents related to public space included in the New Urban Agenda adopted at the UN Habitat III conference". Journal of Public Space 2, n. 1 (1 maggio 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/jps.v2i1.44.

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<p>On the 20<sup>th</sup> October 2016, at the United Nations Habitat III conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development, held in Quito, Ecuador, the New Urban Agenda (NUA) was adopted, providing a 20-year framework on how cities should be planned and managed to best promote sustainable urbanization globally. The document, as reported by Dr. Joan Clos, Secretary-General of the conference and Executive Director of the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), should be seen as an extension of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, agreed by 193 Member States of the United Nations in September 2015.<br />After the first conference in Vancouver (1976) and the second in Istanbul (1996), the third Habitat major summit to discuss the future of cities was attended by around 36.000 people from 167 different countries.<br />We officially launched The Journal of Public Space at the Habitat III Urban Library on the 19<sup>th </sup>October 2016, during a talk with our partners from UN Habitat Public Space Programme, Laura Petrella and Cecilia Andersson, and with our supporting partner at The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hendrik Tieben. The talk was very well received and was attended by more than 90 people. Interest in our new journal was high, many attendees have voiced the need of an independent, free and accessible platform to share ideas, researches, experiences and strategies to design, manage and appropriate public spaces.<br />Public space, as a topic of research, still fascinates and challenges several academics, but often bottom-up tactics by community groups are the most incredible example of how people are always passionate about their cities and their environment. What was evident in Quito, is how academia, industry and community groups would highly benefit in working together and discussing together about public spaces.</p>

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Zotto, James. "Border Treaties and Interstate Disputes in Africa: An Extension of the Normative Theory in Explaining the Malawi-Tanzania Conundrum". Tanzania Zamani: A Journal of Historical Research and Writing 12, n. 1 (31 dicembre 2019): 10–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/tza20211211.

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The colonial project for the partition of Africa in the second half of the 19th century, which culminated in the 20th century, led to the disgruntlements among African countries in the post-colonial period. One discontentment manifests itself in the interstate border disputes. This paper is a critique to colonial scholarship which maintains that African borders were defined by colonial treaties with great precision. While I acknowledge the colonial border treaties as the foundations of the modern African states, this paper argues that most of the treaties were imprecise, incomplete, ill-defined, used vague documentation, routinely ignored ethnic composition of the territories and did not reflect realities on the ground, and, consequently staked interstate conflicts and wars in post-colonial period. To advance this argument, this paper is situated in the normative theory to explain the Malawi-Tanzania border dispute in the Lake Nyasa area, which reflects an ill-fated legacy of colonial boundary making process. Data for this paper are mainly drawn from the archival sources accessed from the British National Archives in the United Kingdom, Federal Archives in Germany, SOAS; and another documentary information accessed from various libraries – public and private. Findings divulge that the Anglo-German Agreement of 1890 which situated the boundary between Malawi and Tanzania contained some anomalies entrenched in the contradictions within the treaty, limits and exercise of sovereignty of the two powers and geographical realities. The paper sums up that the two countries cannot use the treaty as one and the only justification for situating the boundary either on the eastern shore or in the middle of the lake. The treaty may, however, provide the basis for the two nation-states to renegotiate and compromise their shared boundary and rectify the errors noted.

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Dar, Mohd A., Mohammad F. Bhat, Reyaz Hassan, Mubashir H. Masoodi, Showkat R. Mir e Roohi Mohiuddin. "Extensive Phytochemistry, Comprehensive Traditional Uses, and Critical Pharmacological Profile of the Great Mullein: Verbascum thapsus L". Natural Products Journal 9, n. 3 (23 luglio 2019): 158–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210315508666180821153531.

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Background:Great Mullein; Verbascum thapsus has been traditionally used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, spasmolytic, astringent, diuretic, emollient, expectorant piles, bruises and frostbites in Greece, Western United States, Rome, India, Turkey, Italy, and Pakistan.Objective:The aim of the present review is to summarize ethnopharmacology and past/recent studies on phytochemistry, plant profile, botany and pharmacological profile of V. thapsus. The review also updates related information regarding the potential therapeutic targets and new metabolites isolated from V. thapsus.Methods:All the information was supplied by the library database and electronic search (Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, ResearchGate, etc.). In addition, all the synonyms of V. thapsus were searched in Non-English journals and English/Non-English- MS and PhD thesis databases (e.g., CKNI-China, JAIRO-Japan, Shodhganga-India, Myto-Malaysia, etc.). Thorough literature survey on V. thapsus revealed compounds like glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids that have previously been reported and new compounds under these chemical classes and other classes have also been reported.Conclusion:Based on the literature survey, many of these isolated compounds or different extracts of V. thapsus possess a wide range of biological activity including but not limited to, antioxidant, wound-healing, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, cytotoxic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-germination, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activity.

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Sischo, William M., James G. Floyd, James D. McKean e William D. Hueston. "Survey of veterinary extension in the United States". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 215, n. 10 (15 novembre 1999): 1439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1999.215.10.1439.

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Objective To assess veterinary extension in the United States as perceived by veterinary extension personnel. Design Cross-sectional survey. Sample Population Extension veterinarians in the United States. Procedure 2 surveys were designed and mailed to extension veterinarians listed by the USDA and the American Association of Extension Veterinarians. Results 34 states had ≥ 1 extension veterinarian. The majority (> 60%) of extension veterinarians did not commit time to resident education and were not involved in research activities. Paradoxically, 23% of responding extension veterinarians did not report extension work. Programs for food animal producers, horse owners, and companion animal owners were provided by 100, 63, and 37% of states, respectively. Continuing education (CE) programs were provided for food animal veterinarians, equine veterinarians, and companion animal veterinarians by 96, 63, and 52% of states, respectively. Challenges facing veterinary extension included limited recognition of veterinary extension activities by universities, lack of university personnel to support CE programs, and decreased support for companion animal extension programs. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Extension veterinarians need to identify and clearly articulate the mission of veterinary extension, develop more collaborative programs across regions, and continue to serve as catalysts to bring diverse constituents together. Extension veterinarians must distinguish their mission not solely as information transfer, which can be accomplished in a variety of ways outside of extension, but as a coherent and consistent program of education and policy developed on a national level and distributed locally. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1439–1443)

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18

Srinivasan, Padmini. "Digital Library Projects in the United States". DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology 17, n. 6 (1 novembre 1997): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dbit.17.6.3240.

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19

McGee, Robert S., e Patrick McClintock. "Library technology trends in the United States". New Review of Academic Librarianship 4, n. 1 (gennaio 1998): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13614539809516772.

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20

Bird, Ruth. "Legislative Resources for the United States". Legal Information Management 6, n. 3 (settembre 2006): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669606000624.

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Ruth Bird of the Bodleian Law Library identifies useful resources for US legislative research. The Bodleian Law Library (BLL) has extensive, current holdings of the majority of these resources in its collection, which are identified in the course of the paper. References to online locations for the titles and resources are also included.

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21

Kemble, Jean. "United States Women's History". Acquisitions Librarian 5, n. 9-10 (14 settembre 1993): 275–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j101v05n09_20.

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22

Seiser, Virginia. "United States Mountaineering Serials". Serials Review 13, n. 2 (giugno 1987): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00987913.1987.10763743.

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23

Sonder, Leslie J., e Craig H. Jones. "WESTERN UNITED STATES EXTENSION: How the West was Widened". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 27, n. 1 (maggio 1999): 417–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.27.1.417.

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24

Aughinbaugh, Alison. "Reapplication and extension: intergenerational mobility in the United States". Labour Economics 7, n. 6 (novembre 2000): 785–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-5371(00)00024-5.

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25

Verbeke, Vince. "Extension Use of United States Postal Service Bar Codes". Journal of Agricultural & Food Information 1, n. 3 (dicembre 1993): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j108v01n03_06.

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26

Scott, Barbara A., Mark J. Vangessel e Susan White-Hansen. "Herbicide-Resistant Weeds in the United States and Their Impact on Extension". Weed Technology 23, n. 4 (dicembre 2009): 599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-09-006.1.

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Herbicide-resistant weeds have impacted crop production throughout the United States, but the effect they have on extension programming has not been evaluated. In June 2007, 38 extension weed specialists throughout the United States, responded to a survey on herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds and the impact they are having on extension education programming. Survey results revealed that HR weeds have had a significant impact on extension programming particularly for agronomic crops. In the last 10 yr, agronomic weed specialists' extension programming was almost twice as likely to be impacted by the presence of HR weeds as compared to horticultural programming. In the next 5 yr, agronomic extension programming is twice as likely to be altered. Of 37 weed species reported, seven genera or species of weeds represented 80% of the major HR biotypes reported. These include Amaranthus species, horseweed, Setaria species, common lambsquarters, kochia, giant ragweed, and Lolium species. Five weed species (common ragweed, common lambsquarters, horseweed, kochia, and three foxtail species) exhibited weed by mode of action (MOA) interactions when evaluated as major or minor problems. Herbicide resistance problem severity differed for weed species, herbicide MOA, and crops. The results of this survey of university extension personnel confirm that HR weeds have impacted extension programming and will continue to impact programming in the future.

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27

Beer, Caroline, e Victor D. Cruz-Aceves. "Extending Rights to Marginalized Minorities: Same-Sex Relationship Recognition in Mexico and the United States". State Politics & Policy Quarterly 18, n. 1 (17 gennaio 2018): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532440017751421.

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What explains the extension of greater rights to traditionally marginalized minorities? This article compares the extension of legal equality to lebian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people in Mexico and the United States with a focus on the legal recognition of same-sex relationships. A national-level comparison of gay rights in Mexico and the United States presents a theoretical puzzle: most theories predict that the United States would have more egalitarian policies than Mexico, but in fact, Mexico has provided greater legal equality for LGBT people for a longer time than the United States. A subnational analysis of equal relationship rights in the United States and Mexico provides evidence to support social movement and partisan theories of minority rights. We find that religion plays a different role in Mexico than in the United States. The different findings at the national and subnational levels suggest the importance of subnational comparative analysis in heterogeneous federal systems.

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28

Pourciau, Lester J. "Automated library system migration in the United States". Electronic Library 10, n. 2 (febbraio 1992): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb045132.

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29

Ballard, Thomas H. "PUBLIC LIBRARY RESOURCE SHARING IN THE UNITED STATES". Interlending & Document Supply 14, n. 2 (febbraio 1986): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb008526.

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30

Kelley, Carol. "The United States Book Exchange". Serials Review 29, n. 4 (dicembre 2003): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00987913.2003.10764861.

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31

Editorial Submission, Haworth. "United States Government Publications:". Technical Services Quarterly 3, n. 3-4 (29 agosto 1985): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j124v03n03_04.

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32

Smith, David Lee, e Elizabeth L. Miller. "Late Paleozoic extension in the Great Basin, western United States". Geology 18, n. 8 (1990): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0712:lpeitg>2.3.co;2.

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33

Neshcheret, Marina Y. "Library Card: Rights and Opportunities of Library Users in the United States". Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)] 68, n. 3 (27 luglio 2019): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2019-68-3-283-290.

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Getting acquainted with the experience of library and information services in foreign libraries is an important component of professional development. Organization of library activities in libraries of the United States, introduction and use of advanced innovative technologies in all areas of their work is of particular interest to specialists. User access to library resources and services is provided through library card in its usual physical form and its electronic and biometric counterparts. If we call library a “door to knowledge,” then library card seems to be a “key” to this door. The article considers the experience of registering new readers, regulation of user access to library resources in US public libraries, the opportunities that open up to holders of library card; the risks that libraries are exposed to in the event of unauthorized use of library card. The author emphasizes that presence of a library card is not mandatory for library visitors, but it provides access to a full range of library and information services. In addition, the holders of library card receive additional privileges. In particular, they have free access to historical and cultural centres, memorials, botanical gardens and museums. The article also discusses the issues of modernization of library cards in modern society and their use in future. The author comes to the conclusion about the continuing evolution of library card, during which not only its appearance changes, but also expands the range of functions performed by it. At the same time, library card continues to preserve its main mission of the “pass to the world of knowledge”.

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34

Harnsberger, R. Scott. "United States Philately: A Core Collection". Reference Services Review 17, n. 3 (marzo 1989): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb049064.

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35

Long, Sarah Ann. "Who's reading in the United States?" New Library World 106, n. 1/2 (gennaio 2005): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074800510575375.

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36

Bostick, Sharon L. "Academic Library Consortia in the United States: An Introduction". LIBER Quarterly 11, n. 1 (14 luglio 2001): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/lq.7626.

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37

MARCUM, written, Deanna B., e Kazuko TAKAGI, transl. "Training programs for library leadership in the United States". Journal of Information Processing and Management 46, n. 1 (2003): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.46.9.

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38

Marcum, Deanna B. "United States Library of Congress: Expanding in Three Directions". Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 19, n. 2 (agosto 2007): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574900701900202.

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Visitors to the United States Library of Congress will find it in the midst of major expansions of three kinds – expansions to preserve what otherwise might be lost, to protect what it already has, and to make what it has more readily and widely accessible. One current kind of expansion takes the form of constructing a new complex of four buildings in the side of a mountain near the city of Culpeper in the state of Virginia, about an hour's drive from the library's main facilities in Washington, DC. This complex, named the Library of Congress Packard Center for Audio-Visual Conservation, will provide safe storage and new preservation and access systems for the film, video, and sound collections – 5.7 million items – administered by the library's Motion Picture, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Division. The library's second major current expansion consists of constructing off-site storage modules for other collections on the site of Fort Meade, a US Army installation in the state of Maryland, less than an hour's drive from Washington, DC. On this site, the library and its partners are finishing the third and fourth of a projected 13, high-density storage modules, designed to extend the life of parts of the library's holdings by a factor of six. The third major current expansion of the Library of Congress is on the Internet, where the library's website now offers some 10 million digitized items. Through financial and other partnerships, the library will continue to add to its online resources, and is working with UNESCO on a project to create a World Digital Library. This will be a collaborative virtual repository through which libraries worldwide provide access to rare, primary source materials, illustrating cultures in all parts of the globe, for the potential benefit of people everywhere.

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39

Nelson Decker, Emy. "Baby Boomers and the United States public library system". Library Hi Tech 28, n. 4 (23 novembre 2010): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07378831011096268.

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40

Hochstein, Colette, Jeanne Goshorn e Florence Chang. "United States National Library of Medicine Drug Information Portal". Medical Reference Services Quarterly 28, n. 2 (27 aprile 2009): 154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02763860902816784.

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41

Bodemer, Brett. "The Academic Library in the United States: Historical Perspectives". Libraries: Culture, History, and Society 8, n. 1 (aprile 2024): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/libraries.8.1.0081.

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42

Robinson, Lelia J. "Women Lawyers in the United States". Legal Reference Services Quarterly 8, n. 1-2 (26 maggio 1988): 297–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j113v08n01_12.

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43

Pardello, Renee, e Cari Michaels. "The United States Cooperative Extension System: Contributing to a Partnership System". Interdisciplinary Journal of Partnership Studies 7, n. 2 (16 dicembre 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/ijps.v7i2.3507.

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How does an institution navigate current societal pressures and historical social inequities to move toward a partnerism system? Partnersim is defined as a socio-economic system that values and rewards caring for one another, nature, and our collective future. This article provides a preliminary look at two examples in which the University of Minnesota Extension is moving toward a partnership system. An analysis of results from surveys of two units, one of staff from the Center of Family Development and one of staff and board members from the Regional Sustainable Development Partnership, revealed four factors that influence organizations toward either a domination system or a partnership system. A discussion of the four factors addresses the challenges and the benefits of moving toward a partnership system.

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44

Lamm, Kevan, Hannah Carter e Alexa Lamm. "Evaluating Extension Based Leadership Development Programs in the Southern United States". Journal of Agricultural Education 57, n. 1 (30 marzo 2016): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5032/jae.2016.01121.

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45

Lo, Celia C., e Gerald Globetti. "Chinese in the United States: An Extension of Moderation in Drinking". Comparative Sociology 42, n. 3 (1 luglio 2001): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851801317046194.

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46

Hamilton, W. "Crustal extension in the Basin and Range Province, southwestern United States". Geological Society, London, Special Publications 28, n. 1 (1987): 155–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1987.028.01.12.

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47

Molyneux, Philip, e Rama Seth. "Foreign banks, profits and commercial credit extension in the United States". Applied Financial Economics 8, n. 5 (ottobre 1998): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/096031098332835.

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48

Lo, C. C., e G. Globetti. "Chinese in the United States: An Extension of Moderation in Drinking". International Journal of Comparative Sociology 42, n. 3 (1 gennaio 2001): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002071520104200302.

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49

Diem, Jeremy E. "Northward extension of intense monsoonal activity into the southwestern United States". Geophysical Research Letters 32, n. 14 (19 luglio 2005): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005gl022873.

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50

Weeks, John M. "Data Base: Tozzer Library: A "National" Library for Anthropology in the United States". Current Anthropology 28, n. 1 (febbraio 1987): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/203505.

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